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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Audio - Audio, Tape, Recordings of songs by Cliff Richard; Everly Brothers; Peter, Paul & Mary; Johnny Cash; the Shadows & Hawaiian
popular music - american -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Audio - Audio, CD, Lenore Somerset: Memories of a performer (private and rare recordings)
Popular music from the 1960's and 1970'spopular music - australia -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Audio - Audio, Tape, A collection of 16x 7" sound recordings
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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Audio - Audio, Tape, A collection of 21 sound recordings
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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Film - Film, DVD, Dig we must, 21 December, 1966
A compilation of various performances on ABC TV in black/whitepopular music - australia -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Photograph - Historical, Flagstaff Hill, The Lighthouse Keeper’s Cottage showing re-roofing carried out by Council, 1970s
The coloured photograph shows the Lighthouse Keepers' Quarters at Flagstaff Hill, Warrnambool. The building was erected in the 1850s on Middle Island, Lady Bay. It was relocated to its current location in the late 1870s along with the two lighthouses, the chart room and the privy. The Warrnambool City Council replaced the iron roof on the cottage in the 1970s and further work has since been carried out. The picture shows the poor condition of the stonework on the right hand side of the cottage. After the cottage ceased to be used by lighthouse keepers, it was rented out by various organisations and later became disused. The Historical Society requested the re-connection of power. The right hand side of the cottage was repurposed for use by Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. in the 2020s it was restored and fitted out as the Alexander Farncombe room, which is used for temporary exhibitions. This photograph, a print, is one of a set of five that show the site of Flagstaff Hill. It is presumed to have been taken by John Lindsay, Founding Director of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. One of the photographs in the set has the pencil inscription "Photo J Lindsay". It was taken in the early 1970s during the initial stages of the development of Flagstaff Hill as a Museum and Maritime Village. The photographs belonged to the donor's grandparents, who lived in the Warrnambool district of Allansford/Naringal. The photograph is a record of the Lighthouse Keepers' Quarters at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village before its development and opening in 1975. It shows the condition of the building at the time and some of the recent re-roofing. The photograph is significant for recording the condition of the original heritage listed building at that point in time.Coloured photograph, glassy print, one of a set of five. Photograph shows the Lighthouse Keepers' Quarters, focused on the Assistant's Quarters on the right. It shows the a new iron roof that had been installed by the Warrnambool City Council, and the condition of the bluestone,walls. There are clay chimney pots on the two chimneys. A set of steps are at the entry on the right hand side. The flagstaff is on the left of the photograph. The photograph's paper has the printer's watermark on the back. The early 1970s picture is presumed to have been photographed by John Lindsay, Warrnambool.Label on the back: "THE BLUESTONE COTTAGE SHOWING RE-ROOFING CARRIED OUT BY COUNCIL. The Historical Society has requested Council to have S.E.C. power re-connected"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, 1970s, photograph, lady bay, flagstaff hill site, john lindsay, cannon emplacement, middle island, flagstaff, lighthouse keepers' quarters, lighthouse keepers' residence, alexander farncombe, re-roofing, s.e.c. connection -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Photograph - Historical, Flagstaff Hill, Harbourmaster’s Quarters, 1970s
The photograph shows a cottage, Harbourmaster’s quarters that still stands on the east of the Lady Bay Lighthouse and Historic Precinct at Flagstaff Hill in Warrnambool. The name was changed to the Lighthouse Lodge, and today guests can stay at the property. This photograph, a print, is one of a set of five that show the site of Flagstaff Hill. It is presumed to have been taken by John Lindsay, Founding Director of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. One of the photographs in the set has the pencil inscription "Photo J Lindsay". It was taken in the early 1970s during the initial stages of the development of Flagstaff Hill as a Museum and Maritime Village. The photographs belonged to the donor's grandparents, who lived in the Warrnambool district of Allansford/Naringal. The photograph is a record of the site and surrounds of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village before its development and opening in 1975. It shows the cottage on the east of the Lighthouse Complex,. The building is now known as Lighthouse Lodge. The photograph is significant for recording the location and condition of the residence on the Hill.Coloured photograph, glassy print, one of a set of five. Photograph shows the cream timber cottage, Harbourmaster’s quarters to the east of the lighthouse complex at Flagstaff Hill, Warrnambool. On the left of the red roofed residence are iron buildings used, at the time, by the Lands Department. The photograph's paper has the printer's watermark on the back. The early 1970s photograph is presumed to have been by John Lindsay, Warrnambool.Label on the back: "WOODEN RESIDENCE TO THE EAST OF THE PROPERTY / The gun emplacements are immediately behind, and the iron huts to the left rear of the residence are used by the Lands Department who plan to vacate, for other premises."flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, 1970s, photograph, flagstaff hill site, john lindsay, cannon emplacement, residence, wooden residence, timber residence, iron huts, lands department -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Photograph - Historical, Flagstaff Hill, The Lighthouse keepers cottage, from the gun emplacements, looking towards the town centre, 1970s
The photograph shows the back of the Lighthouse Keeper's Quarters and the privy, Upper Lighthouse and Flagstaff, and the condition and placement of these buildings and the street. The note on the back points out the uniqueness of the double-sided toilet building, and the well at the back of the Quarters. This photograph, a print, is one of a set of five that show the site of Flagstaff Hill. It is presumed to have been taken by John Lindsay, Founding Director of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. One of the photographs in the set has the pencil inscription "Photo J Lindsay". It was taken in the early 1970s during the initial stages of the development of Flagstaff Hill as a Museum and Maritime Village. The photographs belonged to the donor's grandparents, who lived in the Warrnambool district of Allansford/Naringal. The photograph is a record of the site and surrounds of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village before its development and opening in 1975. It shows the Heritage Listed Precinct; the Lighthouse Keepers' Quarters, the privy and the Upper Lighthouse. The photograph is significant for recording the location and condition of the buildings on the hill, erected in the 1870s.Coloured photograph, glassy print, one of a set of five. Photograph shows the back of the Lighthouse Keepers' Cottage or Residence, the privy and the Upper Lighthouse. The photograph's paper has the printer's watermark on the back. The early 1970s scene is presumed to have been photographed by John Lindsay, Warrnambool.Label on the back: "THE COTTAGE, FROM THE GUN EMPLACEMENTS, LOOKING ACROSS THE PORTS AND HARBOURS AREA / The two-doored toilet is of interest, and the covered well is between the toilet and the rear door of the cottage."flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, 1970s, photograph, flagstaff hill site, john lindsay, lighthouse keepers' cottage, lighthouse keepers' residence, privy, upper lighthouse, upper light, lighthouse keepers' quarters -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Photograph - Historical, Flagstaff Hill, Warrnambool Garrison Fortifications looking towards the Moyjil (Point Ritchie), 1970s
The photograph shows the location of the concrete, horseshoe shaped gun emplacement erected for the cannons. It is part of the Historic Precinct on Flagstaff Hill. The area was accessed either through the space between the Lighthouses (through the cottage grounds) or a service entrance, past the iron huts used by the Lands Department. This photograph, a print, is one of a set of five that show the site of Flagstaff Hill. It is presumed to have been taken by John Lindsay, Founding Director of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. One of the photographs in the set has the pencil inscription "Photo J Lindsay". It was taken in the early 1970s during the initial stages of the development of Flagstaff Hill as a Museum and Maritime Village. The photographs belonged to the donor's grandparents, who lived in the Warrnambool district of Allansford/Naringal. The photograph is a record of the site and surrounds of Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village before its development and opening in 1975. It shows the east side of the Surfside Holiday Park in its earlier days. The photograph is significant for recording the location and condition of the original concrete cannon emplacement on the Hill.Coloured photograph, glassy print, one of a set of five. Photograph shows the original site of one of the gun emplacements for the cannons, cannons Historical, looking towards the Moyjil, ,Point Ritchie and overlooking Lady Bay, Warrnambool. The horseshoe shaped concrete gun emplacement is in the foreground on the grassed slopes overlooking the Bay. The site and ablution block of the Surfside Holiday Park is centre right. The left shows the sore of Lady Bay with the cliffs of the Southern Ocean in the distance. The photograph's paper has the printer's watermark on the back. The early 1970s scene is presumed to have been photographed by John Lindsay, Warrnambool.Label on the back: "FIRST GUN EMPLACEMENT LOOKING TOWARDS THE HOPKINS / This is the original site of one of the cannons overlooking the Bay. Access to this area could be between the light-houses (throught the cottage grounds), or a service entrance - past the iron huts used by Lands Department."flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, 1970s, photograph, gun emplacement, surfside holiday park, lady bay, hopkins river, flagstaff hill site, john lindsay, concrete gun emplacement, cannon emplacement, original emplacement -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Builders' plate, Duncan and Fraser, Duncan & Fraser, about 1903
Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body.Oval shaped brass plate engraved with words "DUNCAN & FRASER BUILDERS ADELAIDE" in open block engraving. Also has two 3mm holes below letters D & F for mounting. engraving filled with black ink. See also item 851 for an enamelled versionOn rear in pencil "Bendigo original No.17"tramways, trams, builders' plate, duncan & fraser, bendigo -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Builders' plate - Tramway Board's Workshop Preston, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Designed and Manufactured at the Tramway Board's Workshop Preston", about 1926
Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body.Rectangular cast brass Builders' Plate with raised edge, inner lined letters in capitals "DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED AT THE TRAMWAY'S BOARD WORKSHOP PRESTON" Four mounting - countersunk in corners - matt dark grey background - paint?On rear in faint purple crayon "460"tramways, trams, builders' plate, melbourne, mmtb -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Builders' plate, J.M. Jones & Sons and Troy and N.Y, J.M. Jones & Sons, about 1890
Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body.Brass cast Builders' plate with raised letters on both sides - " J.M. JONES' SONS WEST TROY N.Y." Rounded on one corner. Has small lug on both sides on square end - window pull?? On lower edge, has two holes, countersunk on one side, See Tramways of North Sydney. - I. MacCowan 1990In pencil on non countersunk side "TRAM No. 15"tramways, trams, builders' plate, j.m. jones, ballarat?? -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Plan and notes, Wal Jack, Auckland NZ tramways, 1945
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Auckland tramway system, both the main city, Auckland Tramway Board and the north shore - Takapuna Tramway and Ferry Co shows the various routes, locations and terminals. The hand written sheets provide opening dates of the various routes and gives the total miles and number of cars as at 31-3-1945. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself.Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Set of two drawings - black, red and blue ink on quarto size paper and two sheets of notes on the Auckland tramway system c1945.letters, wal jack, drawings, maps, auckland, takapuna nz -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Christchurh NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, 1947
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Christchurch tramway system, provides details of the tram system prior to being taken over by the City and afterwards. Plan dated 30-6-1947. The hand written sheets provide details of the routes and the rolling stock. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Set of two drawings - black, red and blue ink on quarto size paper and three sheets of notes on the Christchurch tramway system 1947tramways, christchurch nz, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Dunedin NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, 1946
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Dunedin tramway system, provides details of the tram system during 1946 and the rolling stock. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil on quarto size paper and one sheet of notes on the Dunedin NZ tramway system 1946.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, dunedin nz -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Gisborne NZ - Battery Tramway - plan, Wal Jack, c1946
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This drawing shows the small battery-powered (four) tramcar system in Gisborne NZ. Shows the NZ rail line, rivers and the length of each route, and the dates of operation. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil on quarto size paper of the Gisborne NZ tramway system.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, gisborne nz -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Invercargill NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, 1947
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Invercargill tramway system, provides details of the tram system and a list of the rolling stock and track length. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil and a second sheet, both on quarto paper providing details of the Invercargill NZ tramway system.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, invercargill -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Napier NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, c1947
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Napier NZ tramway system provides details of the tram system and a list of the rolling stock. Notes that the system was destroyed by an earthquake, but he did not know the opening and closing dates at the time of preparation. The reference states that the system operated from 1913 to 1931. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil and a second sheet, both on quarto paper providing details of the Napier NZ tramway system.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, napier -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - New Plymouth NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, c1947
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the New Plymouth NZ tramway system provides details of the tram system and a list of the rolling stock. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil and a second sheet, both on quarto paper providing details of the New Plymouth NZ tramway system.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, new plymouth nz -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Wanganui NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, 12/1946
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Wanganui tram system and a list of the rolling stock dated Dec. 1946. The typed foolscap sheet listing the trams or rolling stock gives details on each tram. May have been used to prepare Wal's list. Map and the handwritten list of trams, based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. The typed list may have been prepared by others. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil, one hand written sheet and one double sided typed carbon copy foolscap sheet with ink notes over poor sections of type.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, wanganui -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Drawing - Wellington NZ - Plan and Notes, Wal Jack, August 1947
Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This set of notes on the Wellington NZ tram system provides a list of tramcars, track layout and general notes. Dated August 1947. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil and two quarto sheets hand made.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, wellington nz -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Builders Plate - Duncan & Fraser Adelaide, Duncan & Fraser, 1910s
Manufactured by the Adelaide tramcar body builder, Duncan and Fraser to indicate or advise passengers who built the tram. Were generally located above a doorway of the tramcars.Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body Oval shaped enamelled steel plate with the words "DUNCAN & FRASER LTD BUILDERS ADELAIDE" in black on a white background within two ovals and other markings. Has two 3mm diameter holes on long ends by the letter D and letter L. Two copies held. Copy two has two brass round head slotted screws in the packet.builders plate, duncan & fraser, adelaide, tramcar, workshops -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Builders Plate - Duncan & Fraser Adelaide, Duncan & Fraser, 1910s
Manufactured by the Adelaide tramcar body builder, Duncan and Fraser to indicate or advise passengers who built the tram. Were generally located above a doorway of the tramcars.Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body Oval shaped engraved steel plate with the words "DUNCAN & FRASER BUILDERS ADELAIDE" in black on a nickel plated steel plate. Has two 5mm diameter holes on either side of the word "Builder". Has two brass round head slotted screws in the packet.builders plate, duncan & fraser, adelaide, tramcar, workshops -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Builders Plate - A Pengelley & Co, A Pengelley, 1910s
Manufactured by the Adelaide tramcar body builder, A Pengelley & Co to indicate or advise passengers who built the tram. Were generally located above a doorway of the tramcars.Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body Oval shaped enamelled steel plate with the words "A PENGELLEY & Co BUILDERS EDWARDSTOWN SOUTH AUSTRALIA in black on a white background. Has two 4mm diameter holes on long ends. builders plate, adelaide, tramcar, workshops, pengelley -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Exercise Book, Wal Jack, "W. Jack Tramways No. 1", 1950s
Contains notes on the following tram systems. Brisbane - includes notes on photographs Rockhampton steam Sydney Tram Depots NSW Tramways tramcars - notes on each class and work vehicles Birmingham including two cuttings about the closure of Birmingham dated 31-3-1939 London Passenger Transport Board - one page Bristol - closure and damage. Sheffield History of the Tramcar Victorian Railways - St Kilda Brighton Electric Street Railway Sandringham to Black Rock MMTB Cable trams and opening dates Opening dates for the tramway routes in Melbourne to 1921 News Paper cuttings on Doncaster Newspaper cutting - cable trams "Cable Trams.....clang into history" by Hugh Murphy History and Development to 1943 - Brisbane Trams by G. R. Steel (half page only) Perth Tramways Adelaide Municipal Tramways Trust notes South Africa Trams Wellington Corporation Tramways (NZ) Tramways in Soviet Russia World's Largest Tram Systems - July 1938Demonstrates the work of Wal Jack in recording tramway information.Service Exercise Book, black covers, with label, red binding titled "W. Jack Tramways No. 1" lined pages, four sections each of 10 sheets, (80 pages), stitched bound. trams, tramways, tramways, sydney, brisbane, vr, melbourne, cable trams -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Sign, Duncan & Fraser, Builders Plate, c1910
Manufactured by the Adelaide tramcar body builder, Duncan and Fraser to indicate or advise passengers who built the tram. Were generally located above a doorway of the tramcars. Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body.Oval shaped engraved Builders plate with the words "DUNCAN & FRASER BUILDERS ADELAIDE" . Has two 2mm diameter holes on either end of the plate.builders plate, duncan & fraser, adelaide, tramcar -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Sign, Holden Motor Body Builder's Ltd, Builders Plate, mid 1920s
Used by the company on the W class tramcar bodies it built for the MMTB in the 1920's. See item 2430 for another example. Demonstrates the method of recording who built the tramcar body.Builders Plate, sign - pressed brass sheet with burnished black background around the raised letters - "Coach Work by Holdens Motor Body Builders Ltd Adelaide & Melbourne". Has screws holes in each corner.builders plate, adelaide, tramcar, signs, tramcars, holdens, new trams, w class -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Mixed media - Video Recording - Rosalie Whalen - 22 Sept 2022, Rosalie Whalen, Waverley Fork Lifts 50th Anniversary, 22 September, 2022
In anticipation of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Waverley Fork Lifts, Rosalie Whalen recorded a presentation to be shown at the celebrations that were held on 11th February, 2023. This video includes a brief history of the Schwerkolt family in Australia and chronicles the genesis of the company, a Schwerkolt family businessBorn Digital video record. In anticipation of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Waverley Fork Lifts, Rosalie Whalen recorded a presentation to be shown at the celebrations that were held on 11th February, 2023. This video includes a brief history of the Schwerkolt family in Australia and chronicles the genesis of the company, a Schwerkolt family business. The video includes many images of Schwerkolt Cottage and the Schwerkolt family. charles schwerkolt, charles (charlie) schwerkolt, carl benno schwerkolt, wilhelmina schwerkolt, schwerkolt cottage -
Greensborough Historical Society
Compact disc, Interviews with Bill Cecil, Tom Skals and Jean Luxford, 25/07/2011
Contains interviews with long time Greensborough district residents, Jean Luxford, Bill Cecil and Tom Skals. CD also contains a file of articles on the Santon family.Oral history recordings, not transcribed.1 compact disk with audio files "Interviews with Tom Skals, Jean Luxford and Bill Cecil"oral history, bill cecil, jean luxford, tom skals, noel withers, santon family -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Antony Beevor, The writer at war: Vasily Grossman with the red army 1941-195, 2006
Based on the notebooks in which Vasily Grossman gathered the raw material for his newspaper articles, A Writer at War depicts the crushing conditions on the Eastern Front during World War II and the lives and deaths of infantrymen, tank drivers, pilots, snipers, and civilians. Deemed unfit for service when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Grossman became a special correspondent for The Red Star, the Red Army newspaper. A portly novelist in his mid-thirties with no military experience, he was given a uniform and hastily taught how to use a pistol. Remarkably, he spent three of the next four years at the front, observing with a writer's eye the most pitiless fighting ever recorded.". "Grossman witnessed almost all the major events on the Eastern Front: the appalling defeats and desperate retreats of 1941, the defense of Moscow, and the fighting in the Ukraine. In August 1942 he was posted to Stalingrad, where he remained during four months of brutal street fighting. Grossman was present at the battle of Kursk (the largest tank engagement in history), and, as the Red Army advanced, he reached Berdichev, where his worst fears for his mother and other relatives were confirmed. A Jew himself, he undertook the faithful recording of Holocaust atrocities as their extent dawned. His report "The Hell of Treblinka" was used in evidence at the Nuremberg tribunalIndex, ill, maps, p.378.non-fictionBased on the notebooks in which Vasily Grossman gathered the raw material for his newspaper articles, A Writer at War depicts the crushing conditions on the Eastern Front during World War II and the lives and deaths of infantrymen, tank drivers, pilots, snipers, and civilians. Deemed unfit for service when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Grossman became a special correspondent for The Red Star, the Red Army newspaper. A portly novelist in his mid-thirties with no military experience, he was given a uniform and hastily taught how to use a pistol. Remarkably, he spent three of the next four years at the front, observing with a writer's eye the most pitiless fighting ever recorded.". "Grossman witnessed almost all the major events on the Eastern Front: the appalling defeats and desperate retreats of 1941, the defense of Moscow, and the fighting in the Ukraine. In August 1942 he was posted to Stalingrad, where he remained during four months of brutal street fighting. Grossman was present at the battle of Kursk (the largest tank engagement in history), and, as the Red Army advanced, he reached Berdichev, where his worst fears for his mother and other relatives were confirmed. A Jew himself, he undertook the faithful recording of Holocaust atrocities as their extent dawned. His report "The Hell of Treblinka" was used in evidence at the Nuremberg tribunalworld war 1939-1945 - campaigns - eastern europe, soviet union - german occupation - 1941-1944