This hole punch (also known as a hole puncher) is a common office tool that is used to create holes in sheets of paper, often for the purpose of collecting the sheets in a binder or folder. A 4 hole paper punch made of black painted metal. It has an adjustable centimetre scale for setting hole positions. At its base it has a removable plastic tray for collecting "holes". The blades are small cylinders that will punch small holes, stationery hole-punch

This item is an example of a woodworking tool commonly used before the widespread use of power tools.A saw with a long, tapered narrow serrated blade for cutting small holes such as keyholes. The blade is held by two large head brass screws onto a wooden handle.tool woodworking keyhole-saw

The main purpose of carpenter's pincers is to pull out nails from wood without damaging the surface. These carpenter's pincers would have been used in Orbost in the construction of new buildings or on a rural property for maintenance.This item is an example of a domestic carpentry tool in common use before the widespread use of power tools.Pincers with long, rounded, pivoted metal handles ending in a pair of jaws for gripping and extracting nails or holding or gripping small objects.woodworking tool pincers carpentry

A two sided pruning saw blade has a top cutting edge used for making an undercut of a limb while the bottom cutting edge is used for regular pruning. One side of the blade has very coarse, irregularly sized teeth for cutting quickly through large branches. The other side of the blade has fine teeth for making clean cuts on small branches and dead wood.This tool is an example of an early pruning saw commonly used in Orbost.Pruning saw with wooden handle and double sided toothed blade. The wooden handle is attached with three screws. The steel blade has teeth on both edges - small on one side and longer on the other.tool pruning-saw horticulture

In the early 20th century, smocking appears in women’s magazines and sewing manuals on garments, domestic textiles and children’s wear. The 1930s and 1940s were the heyday of patterns and innovative stitch development. Embroidery has always had a great appeal to women, as it needs few tools. Historically the skills were taught within the family or in primary schools. Articles to make or embroider had been available in kits since the 1850s. Fancy work, the opposite of plain sewing, enjoyed great popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries. Companies which manufactured threads often produced instruction guides and patterns. This instruction book has been well-used. A small 30pp book with no cover. It contains instructions for embroidery stitches, including smocking.book-embroidery smocking handcraft needlework

This notebook belonged to Frank Ernest Armistead. He was born on 29.5.1917 at Powelltown, Victoria and enlisted on 20.11.1939. He was discharged on 9.10.1942 having served in Artillery 2/2 FD REGT. His next of kin was listed as Sydney Armistead, his brother (?).d. 27 Dec 1985, He died on 27 Dec 1985. This personal item gives an insight into the human element of World War 11 ensuring that those who were part of the Orbost community who played a vital role during this time are remembered. It is also a useful reference tool.A small grey covered notebook. at the top in black print is S.O. Book 136 (Adapted). Beneath this is the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces coat of arms and A.I.F.. Inside are ha ndwritten names and details of troops.On front cover : Bomb. Armistead, F.E. H.Q. Subww11 armistead notebook-a.i.f.

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down. This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.Two copies of a 56 pp magazine with a black and white card cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1963". The cost is noted as 5/-. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.2251.2 : inside is "Jean" handwritten in pen.education magazine-the-gap omeo

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down. This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.A 64 pp magazine with a torquoise and white coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1964". The cost is noted as 5/-. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.education magazine-the-gap omeo

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down. This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.Two copies of 64 pp magazine with a dark green and white coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1965". The cost is noted as 5/-. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.magazine-the-gap education omeo

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down. This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.Two copies of a 76 pp magazine with an orange and white coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1966". The cost is noted as 5/-. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.education magazine-the-gap omeo

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down.This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.A 52 pp magazine with a lime and white coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1967". The cost is noted as 50 cents. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.education magazine-the-gap omeo

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down. This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research. Two copies of a 51 pp magazine with a burnt orange and white coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1968". The cost is noted as 50c. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.education magazine-the-gap omeo

The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. There was a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down.This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.A 60 pp magazine with a dark brown and white coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in white print and on the left side written vertically is "1969". The cost is noted as $1. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.education magazine-the-gap omeo

This is a special edition of The Gap to celebrate 150 years of Victorian settlement. The first edition of this magazine was produced by associated elementary schools in the Omeo Shire. The magazine was published from 1920 to 1927 and 1963 to 1969. This is a special issue in 1985. In all issues there is writing by children from schools that have since closed down.This item reflects the changes in education in East Gippsland and is a useful comparison tool for literacy teaching. It also has historical articles for research.A 174 pp magazine with an olive green and cream coloured cardboard cover. On the front is a sketch of a small schoolhouse on a hill overlooking a gap in the hills below. The title, "The Gap" is at the top in green print on a cream background. There is a logo for Victoria 150. It contains historical articles, photographs and examples of children's work.

This is the second edition of the book. Benjamin Boyd 1796 - 1851) was a Scottish-born Australian pioneer and entrepreneur, and briefly, a politician. He arrived in Hobson's Bay, Port Phillip District, on his schooner, the Wanderer, on 15 June 1842, and reached Port Jackson, Sydney, on 18 July 1842. He was a shipping magnate, merchant, banker, pastoralist and station owner, Member of the Legislative Council, town planner and a whaler Boyd became one of the largest landholders and graziers of the colony of New South Wales; before suffering financial difficulties and becoming bankrupt. Boyd briefly tried his luck on the Californian goldfields before being purportedly murdered on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Many of his business ventures involved blackbirding, the practice of coercing and kidnapping South Sea Islanders as slave labourers. This book is a useful reference tool.A small thin 48 pp paper covered book titled, "Benjamin Boyd in Australia". The cover is black and white. The price is noted at 1/6.on front cover - handwritten in green pen : "M.J. Gilbert"book-benjamin-boyd-in-australia boyd-benjamin boydtown

Typical of the small toolbox that boat-builders took to the confined areas when working on boatsWooden toolbox containing boat building tools

Musket balls are the ammunition used in muskets the weapons used during the English and American Civil Wars. The balls could be made from any metal alloy, but many were made from lead. Lead can be melted at reasonably low temperatures and so lead musket balls could be made over a camp fire. Lead could be readily sourced from such places like church roofs or even coffins, and recast from old musket balls, so it was an easy material to work with while preparing for battle. The soldier would carry a crucible in which to melt the lead, he would put the material into it and place it over the fire until it had formed into a liquid. Musket ball moulds like the subject item, had a small hole above one of the domes where the liquid could be poured into once the two domes were closed together. The soldier would wait until it cooled then opened the mould to reveal a solid lead ball inside. Because these were cast in halves even though pressed together, there would always be a small amount of liquid lead leakage which would form a thin crust around the ball. These needed to be filed off before being used inside a musket, so some soldiers would pop a few in their mouths and roll them around, chewing off the excess until the ball was smooth. The obvious downside to this method is that lead is poisonous. A tool used to make ammunition for black powder firearms either muskets or pistols from the early part of the 18th to mid 19th century. After this time enclosed brass cartridges that held the propellent powder and bullet were starting to come into wide spread use, negating the need for a firearm to first have black powder placed in a barrel then the ball rammed on top and finally the firearm primed with powder or a percussion cap.Musket rifle/ pistol bullet mold. Makes .50 -caliber- round balls with a sprew cutter to cut off excess lead.Marked 50flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, shot pliers, lead shot, shot, armoury, firearms, bullet, cast bullet, lead ball, lead shot, scissor mould

Langlands Company History: Langlands foundry was Melbourne's first foundry and iron shipbuilder established in 1842, only 8 years after the founding of the Victorian colony by two Scottish immigrants, Robert Langlands and Thomas Fulton, who had formed a partnership before emigrating (1813–1859). The business was known as the 'Langlands Foundry Co'. Henry Langlands (1794-1863), left Scotland in 1846 with his wife Christian, née Thoms, and five surviving children to join his brother Robert. By the time he arrived in early January of 1847 the partnership of Robert Langlands and Fulton had dissolved as Fulton had gone off to establish his own works. It was at this time that the two brothers took over ownership of Langlands foundry. Several years later Robert retired and Henry became sole the proprietor. The foundry was originally located on Flinders Lane between King and Spencer streets. Their sole machine tool, when they commenced as a business, was a small slide rest lathe turned by foot. In about 1865 they moved to the south side of the Yarra River, to the Yarra bank near the Spencer Street Bridge and then in about 1886 they moved to Grant Street, South Melbourne. The works employed as many as 350 workers manufacturing a wide range of marine, mining, civil engineering, railway and general manufacturing components including engines and boilers. The foundry prospered despite high wages and the lack of raw materials. It became known for high-quality products that competed successfully with any imported articles. By the time Henry retired, the foundry was one of the largest employers in Victoria and was responsible for casting the first bell and lamp-posts in the colony. The business was carried on by his sons after Henry's death. The company was responsible for fabricating the boiler for the first railway locomotive to operate in Australia, built-in 1854 by Robertson, Martin & Smith for the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company. Also in the 1860s, they commenced manufacture of cast iron pipes for the Board of Works, which was then laying the first reticulated water supply system in Melbourne. Langlands was well known for its gold mining equipment, being the first company in Victoria to take up the manufacture of mining machinery, and it played an important role in equipping Victoria's and Australia's first mineral boom in the 1850s and 1860s. Langlands Foundry was an incubator for several engineers including Herbert Austin (1866–1941) who worked as a fitter at Langlands and went on to work on the Wolesely Shearing machine. He also founded the Austin Motor Company in 1905. Around the 1890s Langlands Foundry Co. declined and was bought up by the Austral Otis Co. in about 1893. History for Grimoldi: John Baptist Grimoldi was born in London UK. His Father was Domeneck Grimoldi, who was born in Amsterdam with an Italian Father and Dutch mother. Domeneck was also a scientific instrument maker. John B Grimoldi had served his apprenticeship to his older brother Henry Grimoldi in Brooke Street, Holburn, London and had emigrated from England to Australia to start his own meteorological and scientific instrument makers business at 81 Queens St Melbourne. He operated his business in 1862 until 1883 when it was brought by William Samuel and Charles Frederick, also well known scientific instrument makers who had emigrated to Melbourne in 1875. John Grimoldi became successful and made a number of high quality measuring instruments for the Meteorological Observatory in Melbourne. The barometer was installed at Warrnambool's old jetty and then the Breakwater as part of the Victorian Government's insistence that barometers be placed at all major Victorian ports. This coastal barometer is representative of barometers that were installed through this government scheme that began in 1866. The collecting of meteorological data was an important aspect of the Melbourne Observatory's work from its inception. Just as astronomy had an important practical role to play in navigation, timekeeping and surveying, so the meteorological service provided up to date weather information and forecasts that were essential for shipping and agriculture. As a result, instruments made by the early instrument makers of Australia was of significant importance to the development and safe trading of companies operating during the Victorian colonies early days. The provenance of this artefact is well documented and demonstrates, in particular, the importance of the barometer to the local fishermen and mariners of Warrnambool. This barometer is historically significant for its association with Langlands’ Foundry which pioneered technology in the developing colony by establishing the first ironworks in Melbourne founded in 1842. Also, it is significant for its connection to John B Grimoldi who made the barometer and thermometer housed in the cast iron case. Grimoldi, a successful meteorological and scientific instrument maker, arrived in the colony from England and established his business in 1862 becoming an instrument maker to the Melbourne Observatory. Additional significance is its completeness and for its rarity, as it is believed to be one of only two extant barometers of this type and in 1986 it was moved to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village as part of its museum collection. Coast Barometer No. 8 is a tall, red painted cast iron pillar containing a vertical combined barometer and thermometer. Half way down in the cast iron framed glass door is a keyhole. Inside is a wooden case containing a mercury barometer at the top with a thermometer attached underneath, each with a separate glass window and a silver coloured metal backing plate. Just below the barometer, on the right-hand side, is a brass disc with a hole for a gauge key in the centre. The barometer has a silvered tin backing plate with a scale, in inches, of "27 to 31" on the right side and includes a Vernier with finer markings, which is set by turning the gauge key. The thermometer has a silvered tin backing plate with a scale on the left side of "30 to 140". Each of the scales has markings showing the units between the numbers.Inscription at the top front of the pillar reads "COAST BAROMETER" Inscribed on the bottom of the pillar is "No 8". and "LANGLANDS BROS & CO ENGINEERS MELBOURNE " The barometer backing plate is inscribed "COAST BAROMETER NO. 8, VICTORIA" and printed on the left of the scale, has "J GRIMOLDI" on the top and left of the scale, inscribed "Maker, MELBOURNE". There is an inscription on the bottom right-hand side of the thermometer scale, just above the 30 mark "FREEZING" Etched into the timber inside the case are the Roman numerals "VIII" (the number 8)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, warrnambool breakwater, coast barometer, coastal barometer, barometer, weather warning, ports and harbours, fishery barometer, sea coast barometer, austral otis co, coast barometer no. 8, henry grimoldi, henry langlands, john baptist grimoldi, langlands foundry co, meteorological instrument maker, robert langlands, scientific instrument maker, thermometer, thomas fulton

This handmade green glass bottle was made using the turn-moulded or rotated-moulded method, a variation of the mould-blown process. The bottle has the remnants of a cork seal in its mouth. It possibly contained ginger beer, soda or mineral water, flavoured drinks, liquor or wine. The bottle’s shine has been worn from around 3/4 of its body, indicating that it has been resting horizontally on an abrasive surface, perhaps in the ground or on a river or sea bed. TURN-MOULDED BOTTLE production method This bottle was handmade using the ‘turn-moulded’ process, one of a variety of mould-blown processes that followed the earlier mouth-blown method. The maker would add a portion of hot soft glass to the end of his blowpipe then blow air through the pipe while placing the end inside a bottle mould. The mould was then turned and twisted, giving the bottle a round, seamless body, and usually a round indented base. The cooled body of the bottle would then be finished with the addition of an applied top. A small amount of soft glass would be applied to the top of the bottle and a lip would be formed using a tooling implement. A concentric ring would also form below the lip, caused by the rotated lipping tool. The bases of bottles made with the turn-moulded method were generally not embossed but would commonly have a mamelon or ‘dot’ in the centre of the base. SEALING THE BOTTLE After filling this type of bottle with its contents it is then sealed with a straight, cylindrical cork with the aid of a hand operated tool called a bottle corker. The bottle corker compresses the cork as it is driven into the bottle. Once inside the bottle the cork expands evenly into the opening to tightly seal the contents – the denser the cork the better the seal. Brown, brown glass. Handmade turn-moulded bottle with seamless body and tooled lip. Deeply indented base has push-up mark with a ‘mamelon’ nipple-liker bump in the centre. Bottle is straight from base to half height then tapers to a shoulder over the next quarter, than almost straight up to the mouth. Produced in 1880s to 1910’s. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, brown glass bottle, handmade glass bottle, bottle with indented base, turn-moulded bottle, rotate-moulded bottle, tooled lip on bottle mouth, applied lip bottle, bottle corker, ginger beer bottle

This handmade green glass bottle was made using the turn-moulded or rotated-moulded method, a variation of the mould-blown process. The bottle has the remnants of a cork seal in its mouth. It possibly contained ginger beer, soda or mineral water, flavoured drinks, liquor or wine. TURN-MOULDED BOTTLE production method This bottle was handmade using the ‘turn-moulded’ process, one of a variety of mould-blown processes that followed the earlier mouth-blown method. The maker would add a portion of hot soft glass to the end of his blowpipe then blow air through the pipe while placing the end inside a bottle mould. The mould was then turned and twisted, giving the bottle a round, seamless body, and usually a round indented base. The cooled body of the bottle would then be finished with the addition of an applied top. A small amount of soft glass would be applied to the top of the bottle and a lip would be formed using a tooling implement. A concentric ring would also form below the lip, caused by the rotated lipping tool. The bases of bottles made with the turn-moulded method were generally not embossed but would commonly have a mamelon or ‘dot’ in the centre of the base. SEALING THE BOTTLE After filling this type of bottle with its contents it is then sealed with a straight, cylindrical cork with the aid of a hand operated tool called a bottle corker. The bottle corker compresses the cork as it is driven into the bottle. Once inside the bottle the cork expands evenly into the opening to tightly seal the contents – the denser the cork the better the seal. This turn-moulded glass bottle is made distinctive due to its round seamless body and indented base.Bottle, dark green glass. Handmade turn-moulded bottle with seamless body and tooled lip. Deeply indented base has push-up mark with a ‘mamelon’ bump in the centre. Bottle is straight from base to half height, then tapers to a shoulder over the next quarter, than almost straight up to the mouth. There is a portion of cork in the bottle’s mouth and dry remnants in the bottle’s base. Possibly used for ginger beer. Produced in 1880s to 1910’s. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, green glass bottle, handmade glass bottle, bottle with indented base, turn-moulded bottle, rotate-moulded bottle, tooled lip on bottle mouth, applied lip bottle, bottle corker

This handmade green glass bottle was made using the turn-moulded or rotated-moulded method, a variation of the mould-blown process. The bottle has the remnants of a cork seal in its mouth. It possibly contained ginger beer, soda or mineral water, flavoured drinks, liquor or wine. TURN-MOULDED BOTTLE production method This bottle was handmade using the ‘turn-moulded’ process, one of a variety of mould-blown processes that followed the earlier mouth-blown method. The maker would add a portion of hot soft glass to the end of his blowpipe then blow air through the pipe while placing the end inside a bottle mould. The mould was then turned and twisted, giving the bottle a round, seamless body, and usually a round indented base. The cooled body of the bottle would then be finished with the addition of an applied top. A small amount of soft glass would be applied to the top of the bottle and a lip would be formed using a tooling implement. A concentric ring would also form below the lip, caused by the rotated lipping tool. The bases of bottles made with the turn-moulded method were generally not embossed but would commonly have a mamelon or ‘dot’ in the centre of the base. SEALING THE BOTTLE After filling this type of bottle with its contents it is then sealed with a straight, cylindrical cork with the aid of a hand operated tool called a bottle corker. The bottle corker compresses the cork as it is driven into the bottle. Once inside the bottle the cork expands evenly into the opening to tightly seal the contents – the denser the cork the better the seal. This hand made, green glass bottle is representative of bottle making before mass production and is made distinctive due to its round seamless body and indented base.Bottle, dark green glass. Handmade turn-moulded bottle with seamless body and tooled lip. Deeply indented base has push-up mark with a ‘mamelon’ bump in the centre. Bottle is straight from base to half height, then tapers to a shoulder over the next quarter, than almost straight up to the mouth. There is a portion of cork in the bottle’s mouth and dry remnants in the bottle’s base. Possibly used for ginger beer. Produced in 1880s to 1910’s. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, green glass bottle, handmade glass bottle, bottle with indented base, turn-moulded bottle, rotate-moulded bottle, tooled lip on bottle mouth, applied lip bottle, bottle corker

This handmade green glass bottle was made using the turn-moulded or rotated-moulded method, a variation of the mould-blown process. The bottle has the remnants of a cork seal in its mouth. It possibly contained ginger beer, soda or mineral water, flavoured drinks, liquor or wine. The bottle’s shine has been worn from around 3/4 of its body, indicating that it has been resting horizontally on an abrasive surface, perhaps in the ground or on a river or sea bed. TURN-MOULDED BOTTLE production method This bottle was handmade using the ‘turn-moulded’ process, one of a variety of mould-blown processes that followed the earlier mouth-blown method. The maker would add a portion of hot soft glass to the end of his blowpipe then blow air through the pipe while placing the end inside a bottle mould. The mould was then turned and twisted, giving the bottle a round, seamless body, and usually a round indented base. The cooled body of the bottle would then be finished with the addition of an applied top. A small amount of soft glass would be applied to the top of the bottle and a lip would be formed using a tooling implement. A concentric ring would also form below the lip, caused by the rotated lipping tool. The bases of bottles made with the turn-moulded method were generally not embossed but would commonly have a mamelon or ‘dot’ in the centre of the base. SEALING THE BOTTLE After filling this type of bottle with its contents it is then sealed with a straight, cylindrical cork with the aid of a hand operated tool called a bottle corker. The bottle corker compresses the cork as it is driven into the bottle. Once inside the bottle the cork expands evenly into the opening to tightly seal the contents – the denser the cork the better the seal. This turn-moulded glass bottle is made distinctive due to its round seamless body and indented base.Bottle, dark green glass. Handmade turn-moulded bottle with seamless body and tooled lip. Deeply indented base has push-up mark with a ‘mamelon’ bump in the centre. Bottle is straight from base to half height, then tapers to a shoulder over the next quarter, than almost straight up to the mouth. The shine has been worn from three-quarters of the body of the bottle. There are particles adhered to the inside of the bottle. Possibly used for ginger beer. Produced in 1880s to 1910’s. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, green glass bottle, handmade glass bottle, bottle with indented base, turn-moulded bottle, rotate-moulded bottle, tooled lip on bottle mouth, applied lip bottle, bottle corker

A Ditty Bag (or box) was originally called “ditto bag” because it contained at least two of everything, two needles, two spools of thread, two buttons, etc. With the passing of years, the “ditto” was dropped in favour of "ditty" and remains so today. Before World War I, the Navy issued ditty boxes made of wood and styled after footlockers. These carried the personal gear and some clothes of the sailor. Today, the ditty bag is still issued to recruits and contains a sewing kit, toiletry articles and personal items such as writing paper and pens. Another source says a Ditty Box or Ditty Bag is possibly from the Saxon word “dite”, meaning tidy or from the English word “dittis”, a type of canvas material. A small box or bag in which a sailor kept his valuables such as letters, small souvenirs and sewing supplies.An item that is socially significant as it gives insight into a sailors life aboard ship and is another part of marine history. Items such as these although they were regarded at the time as everyday objects help us now to map various aspects of marine archaeology thorough the ages.Sailors Ditty Bag, canvas bag for holding all the sail making and roping tools, with tie and brass clasp. Holed.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

The mitre trimmer is a classic hand-powered tool for picture framers and trim carpenters that has remained relatively unchanged for decades. It is heavy, simple, and sturdily built of cast iron with tempered steel guillotine blades. It is used for taking super accurate, paper-thin slices off the ends of mitres and butt joints, and leaving behind a glassy-smooth surface. Also used in picture frame making or cabinet woodworking, by placing a piece of timber in one side after setting the desired angle and pulling a handle that operates a guillotine blade thereby cutting the timber or decorative trim to the required angle.A significant tool still in use today in many cabinet makers workshops. The subject tool gives insight into how this type of tool development, design and use has not progressed since it’s original invention. It is still for sale from many tool manufacturing companies and use in small craftsmen boutique workshops today as it was many decades ago.Cast Iron wood Trimmer bench like construction on raised feet with 2 adjustable gates. Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cabinet makers tools, picture framing, mitre cutting, wood trimming

Being smaller than other bench planes, the coffin-shaped smoothing plane is better able to work on smaller work pieces and around obstructions. Since the 1700s wooden smoothing planes have predominantly been 'coffin shaped' wider in the middle and slightly rounded making them more manoeuvrable. A vintage tool made by an unknown 18th or early 19th-century woodworking tool maker. This item would have been made for individuals or cabinet makers that worked in wood and needed a tool that could produce a flat smooth finish to timber. These tools were used before routers and spindle moulders came into use in the late 19th and early 20th centuries before this time producing either a decorative moulding or a smooth finish to furniture timber, door trims etc had to be accomplished using hand planing tools and in particular one of these types of planes. Traditionally wood planes were blocks of wear-resistant hardwood, often beech or maple, which were worked to the shape of the intended moulding or had a flat blade used for achieving a flat and smooth finish to timber. The blade or iron was likewise formed to the intended moulding profile or for smoothing and secured in the body of the plane with a wooden wedge. A traditional cabinetmakers' shop might have many, perhaps hundreds, of moulding and flat-bladed planes for a full range of work to be performed. Large crown mouldings required planes of six or more inches in width, which demanded great strength to push and often had additional peg handles on the sides, allowing the craftsman's apprentice or other workers to pull the plane ahead of the master who guided it. These vintage planes are well sought after by collectors of antique tools due to their rarity. A significant tool from the 18th to early 19th century by an unknown maker that today is quite rare and sought after by collectors. It gives us a snapshot of how furniture and other decorative finishes were created on timber by the use of hand tools. Tools that were themselves handmade show the craftsmanship used during this time not only to make a tool such as the subject item but also the craftsmanship needed to produce a decorative finish that was needed to be made for any timber furniture item. Smoothing Plane Coffin type. Stamped GM inside "W" indicating sizeflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Being smaller than other bench planes, the coffin shaped smoothing plane is better able to work on smaller work pieces and around obstructions. Since the 1700s wooden smoothing planes have predominantly been 'coffin shaped' wider in the middle and slightly rounded making them more manoeuvrable. A vintage tool made by an unknown 18th or early 19th century woodworking tool maker. This item would have been made for individuals or cabinet makers that worked in wood and needed a tool that could produce a flat smooth finish to timber. These tools were used before routers and spindle moulders came into use in the late 19th and early 20th centuries before this time to produce either a decorative moulding or a smooth finish to furniture timber, door trims etc had to be accomplished using hand planing tools and in particular one of these types of planes. Traditionally wood planes were blocks of wear resistant hardwood, often beech or maple, which were worked to the shape of the intended moulding or had a flat blade use for achieving a flat and smooth finish to timber. The blade, or iron was likewise formed to the intended moulding profile or for smoothing and secured in the body of the plane with a wooden wedge. A traditional cabinetmakers shop might have many, perhaps hundreds, of moulding and flat bladed planes for a full range of work to be performed. Large crown mouldings required planes of six or more inches in width, which demanded great strength to push and often had additional peg handles on the sides, allowing the craftsman's apprentice or other worker to pull the plane ahead of the master who guided it. These vintage planes are well sought after by collectors of antique tools due to their rarity. A significant tool from the 18th to early 19th century that today is quite rare and sought after by collectors. It gives us a snapshot of how furniture and other decorative finishes were created on timber by the use of hand tools. Tools that were themselves hand made shows the craftsmanship used during this time not only to make a tool such as the subject item but also the craftsmanship needed to produce a decorative finish that was needed to be made for any timber furniture item. Wood smoothing plane known as a coffin plane due to it's shape, wood insert screwed on front of base. Stamped "MILLER". Inscribed "X" (probably the size)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cabinet makers tools, woodworking tools, wood plane, smoothing plane, timber finishing, furniture manufacture

The tool is used for establishing a horizontal plane, it consists of a small glass tube containing alcohol or similar liquid and an air bubble. The tube is sealed and fixed horizontally in a wooden or metallic block or frame with a smooth lower surface. The glass tube is slightly bowed, and adjustment to the horizontal is indicated by the movement of the bubble. The device is on a level surface when the bubble is in the middle of the glass tube. The level sensitivity is proportional to the radius of the curvature of the glass. The spirit or bubble level consists of a sealed glass tube containing alcohol and an air bubble. It was invented in 1661 and was first used on telescopes and later on surveying instruments, but it did not become a carpenter's tool until the factory-made models were introduced in the mid-19th century. The circular level, in which a bubble floated under a circular glass to indicate the level in all directions, was invented in 1777. But It lacked the sensitivity of the conventional level.A hand tool that has not changed much since its invention in 1661, this tool is used today and although the materials it is made from have changed it's use has not.Spirit level wooden with two windows one of which has a piece of brass sheet metal protecting it.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, hand tool, spirit level, carpenders tool, builders tool, surveyors instrument

The tool is used for establishing a horizontal plane, it consists of a small glass tube containing alcohol or similar liquid and an air bubble. The tube is sealed and fixed horizontally in a wooden or metallic block or frame with a smooth lower surface. The glass tube is slightly bowed, and adjustment to the horizontal is indicated by the movement of the bubble. The device is on a level surface when the bubble is in the middle of the glass tube. The level sensitivity is proportional to the radius of the curvature of the glass. The spirit or bubble level consists of a sealed glass tube containing alcohol and an air bubble. It was invented in 1661 and was first used on telescopes and later on surveying instruments, but it did not become a carpenter's tool until the factory-made models were introduced in the mid-19th century. The circular level, in which a bubble floated under a circular glass to indicate the level in all directions, was invented in 1777. But It lacked the sensitivity of the conventional level.A hand tool that has not changed much since its invention in 1661, this tool is used today and although the materials it is made from have changed it's use has not.Spirit level wooden has 2 glass levels, 1 horizontal & 1 vertical Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Take a stroll through the average beverage aisle in your supermarket, and you might get the impression that tea has always come in small boxes with disposable tea bags. But before those easy to come by boxes, there was the rich and intriguing history of the tea strainer, a beautiful little tool that has helped our ancestors enjoy loose leaf tea for hundreds of years. Enjoying loose-leaf tea, and becoming familiar with this tool, can help spark an appreciation for your tea strainer and infuser collection, or simply inspire you to grow one. Documentation of tea tools such as the tea strainer appear in ancient history, the earliest models were likely made of bamboo, and later evolved into stainless steel, sterling silver, china, porcelain, silicon, and linen. During the Tang Dynasty in China, a small book called “Classic of Tea” was written describing tea utensils, and they were made to help Buddhist monks keep living things (such as small bugs) out of the drinking water. However, using a tea tool to keep run away tea leaves out of a cup did not become a cited use of the strainer until the 17th century when Dutch merchants made tea more readily available to those outside of the Chinese dynasty. British royals then increased the popularity of tea as their preferred beverage, and it was not long before a newfound fanaticism for tea in Great Britain spread to the American colonies, as did a growing demand for products that could separate loose tea leaves from liquid with ease and flair. Why did people use a strainer to separate out tea leaves in Great Britain and not in China? While the method of serving tea from a teapot with the tea loose in the pot was a practice used in both countries, the reason China may not have required a tool to remove leaves from their cup likely had to do with the types of tea leaves they were producing. The British owned tea plantations, in countries such as India, produced finer black tea leaves that did not require as much space to expand inside of a tea pot, where as the leaves prepared on the Chinese plantations would expand far more in the pot, and were therefore less likely to land or be bothersome inside a tea cup. This common approach to serving tea with smaller tea leaves required a solution to avoid ending up with a cup, and mouth, full of tea leaves. The obvious solution was a strainer basket. In the Victorian era, tea strainer baskets, similar to those still used in tea parlors today, were made to sit on top of the cup to capture the leaves when pouring the tea from a tea pot into the individual cups. Another solution was a tea-removing device called a mote spoon. Mote spoons act as search and rescue spoons to remove tea leaves from individual teacups. The tea would be brewed loose in the teapot, so any tea that ended up in the cup could be removed with a long handled spoon with holes in the spoon to remove rogue tea leaves and keep the steeped water in the cup. The handle also helped keep the teapot spout free of leaves and could help unclog any leaves trapped when pouring. Stainless steel tea strainers and tea infusers gained popularity in the late 19th century. Big name tea strainer producers, such as Tiffany and Gorham, could use fine silver to create quality, heavy, and sturdy strainers, for those who could afford it. There were many varieties of strainers at that time, but it was more likely that smaller designers who could not afford to mass-produce these quality strainers out of silver made them into unique shapes to attract consumers with lighter wallets. And borne was the tea strainer we are accustomed to today. Things took an unexpected turn for the tea strainer in the early 1900s when Thomas Sullivan, a tea merchant, shipped out tea samples in small silk bags. Customers did not realize that they were supposed to remove the tea from the bags, and instead boiled the tea, bag and all! The convenience of tossing out the leaves is obvious, and the popularity of tea bags is still seen today. Most premium bags of tea we are accustomed to today are frequently packaged loose for consumption, and when they are available in bags, the leaves are often crowded and do not have enough space to expand. While pyramid tea bags have become a more recent solution to this problem, due to the additional space at the top of the bag, enjoying a variety of quality tea is easier with a tea strainer in your arsenal. Besides, with the wide variety of strainers for your cup or pot in versatile materials such as mesh, silver, or a novelty silicone cartoon shape, loose tea can still reign supreme. Tea strainers sometimes do require more cleanup and measuring, but the experience and quality is always worth the effort. Besides, strainers also allow for mixing favorite tea blends together for an extra dose of delicious creativity! https://www.teamuse.com/article_170413.html The strainer provided the convenience of separating the tea leaves for disposal later.Metal strainer, bowl shaped, with mesh and twisted wire handle.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, strainer

From the early days of our race, the knife represented one of the first and most important tools that enabled rise of our technology, military, culture, science and all other things that brought us to this point of modern civilisation. As a vital tool for survival, combat, construction and food preparation, the knife quickly became the most basic tool from which all others were born. In those ancient times, 500,000 years ago, sharpened stones started slowly evolving, becoming more and more like their modern counterpart. Before the time when fire enabled the melting of the various metals, and forging them into modern knives, their stone counterparts received several visual upgrades. Double bladed knives were most popular, and their wooden or stone hilts were decorated with animal skins and feathers. Those knives represented a great deal of pride for the warriors and elders who owned them, and that tradition continued to be practised with the arrival of the Bronze Age. The appearance of metallurgy brought the ability to create knives from softer types of metal. Even though knives from bronze did not provide durability over longer periods of time [easily dulled, and susceptible to corrosion), their sharpness and slim designed proved to be superior to any stone knife tool. As the centuries went on, iron and then steel became commonplace across the entire world. Knives created from those materials were much more durable and easier to maintain their sharpness after prolonged use. During medieval times in Europe, steel metallurgy managed to evolve knives from small single or double-bladed edges to larger sizes - swords, spears and axes. Even with all those advancements, the use of knives as an eating utensil continued to be used in some small circles. Even as early as the 15th century, wealthy circles of people started carrying personal knives, intended for double use - both eating and defending against threats. During those times the host were not obliged to provide their guest with any kind of eating utensil in addition to plates, so wealthy males used their eating knives for cutting their own meals, and the meals of nearby female guests. Slim double-bladed knives were good for cutting and piercing foods. As the use of forks became widespread in the whole of Europe by the late 17th century, most people used this kind of small knife on a regular basis (a combination of two knives, one for stabilising and other for cutting the meal). http://www.eatingutensils.net/history-of-cutlery/knife-history/The knife is one of the most important items that has enabled the development of civilisation over thousands of years.Carving knife with wooden handle and rusted slender metal blade.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, knife, kitchen equipment, dining