Showing 4410 items matching "australia mine"
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Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Underground Survey of Mines Ballarat Dalzell-Cum-Prince Regent Co
Transverse sectionmining, cgt, dalzell-cum-prince, plans -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, SMB Block at White Flat
Plan of contours at White Flat, Ballarat Central. white flat, ballarat school of mines, ballarat central -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Undergrand Survey of Mines Ballarat East
mining, plans, surveying, ballarat east, cgt -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Plan of the School of Mines and Industries Ballat, 1963, 09/1963
Plan of the Ballarat School of Mines and Insustries from Albert Street.ballarat school of mines, white flat, white flat oval, hickman street, grant street, albert street -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Sulieman Pasha Co Plan Transverse Section
The Sulieman Pasha is possibly named after the most important Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman One, or Suleiman the Magnificent, when the Ottoman Empire was at its peak. Or potentially a number of Ottoman governors, statesmen and military commanders with the same name after, however the spelling is slightly different to the mine name. No Turkish connection was found relating to the formation of the company, and remains unconfirmed. The mine operated from two shafts; No. 1 near the corner of Humffray and Mair streets, and also near where the Welcome Nugget (2217 ounces) was found years earlier; and the controversial No. 2 shaft several blocks south bordering the northern side of the main highway through Ballarat. The company produced 62 666 ounces of gold, the twelfth highest quartz reef gold production for any mine on the Ballarat goldfield. Some crushing figure examples are January-June 1881: 3674 tonnes 1085 ounces; January-June 1885: 2949 tonnes 1281 ounces; July-December 1885: 4459 tonnes 1119 ounces; January-June 1887: 1869 tonnes 730 ounces; July-December 1892: 1450 tonnes 771 ounces; July-December 1896: 4365 tonnes 1372 ounces. Like many mines in the area, gold grades were low. John Watson was noted as mine manager in the 1880s, and John Williams 1890s. The company was re-organised twice increasing the number of shares from 4000 to 24 000, and increasing the capital available. The Sulieman Pasha Company was formed in 1878. David Fitzpatrick was given the honour of turning the first sod of both the No.1 and later No. 2 shafts. The first dividend was given to shareholders in July 1881. The company obtained a prospecting vote (government grant) to start, and was very proud to be the first Victorian gold mining company to pay the funds back to the government. The event was marked by a lavish banquet laid out for ministers and government officials by the company. Leases were purchased to the south in 1885 to the Llanberris Mine boundary, after poor results began accumulating from the small No. 1 shaft. To take advantage of this new land the company planned to sink a second shaft. Initially this was to take place on government land, but the uproar from nearby residents caused the company to purchase land along the Main Road (now Western Highway), and the old Yarrowee Hotel which had occupied the site since the alluvial digger days of the 1850's was demolished. The area had since those days become heavily occupied with a number of shops, houses, a post office, church and two schools in the immediate area. The thought of an underground mine next door drew considerable opposition. The company (before the days of public relations departments) wrote 'most people would have thought that progress as vital as mining would be supported by tradesmen whose business rely on the mining industry. It seems when it comes to mining they are bereft of their senses, and considering the low ebb of mining in Ballarat East, the action of our opponents are unaccountable. (Sarcastically) There are certain engineering difficulties in moving the quartz reefs to a new location, but if we could to appease our opponents we would'. The company also wanted to take over 4 acres of the St Paul's school oval for machinery, but accused the St Paul's Church of wanting extortionate amounts of money upfront, and on a yearly basis for the privilege. It stated the church could not be opposed to mining when several years earlier it had formed its own company to mine the land, only for shareholders to lose their money. In 1886, the company approached the Minister for Mines, and attended heated public meetings on the matter. The local residents, shop owners, and church submitted a 60 person petition to the local council and government authorities. They stated the shaft contravened the mining statutes, which stating no mining could take place within 150 yards of a public building or church. A speech by a resident stated 'mining always comes with glorious pictures of the great benefits which would accrue all parties concerned if their request is granted, but if property is destroyed or depreciated in value, no-one then comes forward and compensates them'. The No. 2 shaft was approved including taking over part of the school oval. In 1888, workers at the company's No. 2 shaft went on strike to try and bring their wages in line with other mines in the district (the No. 1 shaft was operated by tributers). William Madden (26) was killed from a fall of earth underground the same year, while a year later his father John Madden (70) was similarly killed in the Madame Berry Mine elsewhere in the district. In 1897 as the amount of gold being found fell away, it came to light part of the deal to purchase the Yarrowee Hotel site was a 5% royalty on gold found. Shareholders could not understand why they were paying a royalty to the former owners of the property. The mine closed in 1898 due to a lack of gold. In 1902 a boy (age unknown) called Charles Lee was killed from a fractured skull while working to dismantle the Sulieman Pasha plant. The fuss over the No. 2 shaft had a sequel. On the company winding up, the land was purchased by J.S. Trethowan who built a house next to the shaft. In 1907, the shaft caved-in creating a sinkhole immediately at the back of the house. A Mr Chamberlain heard a deep rumbling sound at 5am, and looked out the window to see his fowl house and thirteen chickens disappear down an expanding hole. He then went back to bed, and called the police later in the day. The shaft was 1050 feet deep, and the hole at the surface that developed was 20 feet by 17 feet across, and 20 feet depth. In 1930 it is reported a syndicate had been formed to clean out the old shaft, and re-open the mine. It is assumed this was the No. 1 shaft but no more was found. (https://www.mindat.org/loc-304239.html, accessed 07/08/2019) A transverse section plan of the Sulieman Pasha Mine.sulieman pasha company, plan, mining, united black hill mine, victoria united mine, victoria street, britannia united mine, last chance mine, llanberris mine, ottoman empire, john watson, john williams, david fitzpatrick -
Federation University Historical Collection
Ballarat School of Mines Carpentry Workshop, 03/10/1939
carpentry workshop, plan, ballarat school of mines, k. wood -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Plan of Part of Vale Park, 1928, 15/1928
Probably the Ballarat School of Mines Farm or pine plantation.Ballarat Techncial School Norman StreetBlue line plan of part of Vale Park, Ballarat. vale park, ballarat school of mines, ballarat school of mines farm, ballarat high school, norman street -
Federation University Historical Collection
Ballarat School of Mines Administration Building
Blue line plans showing the Ballarat School of Mines Administration Building and the M.B. John Buildingballarat school of mines, administration building, m.b. john building, plans, a building, council room -
Federation University Historical Collection
Instrument - Electrical Instrument, Everett AC Wattmeter, 1923
Would have been used by staff and students of electrical Engineering at the School of Mines, Lydiard St. campus up until the start of the Mount Helen campus E building third floor. The meter would have had limited use in classes until 2009. This Wattmeter became part of the historical collection in 2011 after the movement of Engineering out of the E building. In working condition and a good example of early 20th century electrical instruments.A polished natural timber case with partial flip top lid and leather carry handle, housing a single phase AC Wattmeter, rated at 170 volts , 30 amps Scale 0 to 5 kilowatt. Serial no :210088Schematic diagram on inside lid showing how to connect the Wattmeter to measure a 3 phase balanced load. Paper sticker on top "1/92" Information for voltage and current ranges painted with white paint on left hand side by Voltage terminals Voltage terminals labelled A and N Also white on black "W8" on same surface Aluminium plate "67" on right hand side near current terminals which are engraved To A and Ti A to indicate current flow direction Aluminium sticker with Ballarat CAE Electrical Engineering by carry handleeverett instruments, single phase, wattmeter, electrical, scientific instruments -
Federation University Historical Collection
Magazine, ASEA magazines, 1953/58, 1953 to 1958
collected by Ballarat School of Mines Principal G.H.BeanlandMagazines bound in ASEA folder, blue spine and black cloth boardselectrical engineering, generators, graham beanland, power stations, voltage control, electrohydraulic governor for water turbines, high voltage dc transmission, oil-minimum contraction circuit-breakers, lightening arresters, air-blast circuit breakers, testing circuit breakers, closing mechanisms for high voltage circuit-breakers, outdoor isolators, series capacitors, capacitor voltage transformers, guide to current transformers, routine testing of power tranformers, generator -
Federation University Historical Collection
Magazine - magazines, ASEA magazine folder, 1952 to 1954
left at Ballarat School of Mines by Principal Graham Beanlandmagazine folder with blue spine and black cloth boardsgraham beanland, ballarat school of mines, electrical engineering, transmission systems, high voltage transmission developments in sweden, underground hydro-electric power stations in sweden, gotland hv dc transmission link, harspranget power station and 380 kv system -
Federation University Historical Collection
album, 1964 summer school in power system electrical engineering, 1964
green cloth-bound album containing notes, tables, diagrams and photographsgraham beanland, ballarat school of mines, electrical engineering, university of melbourne, summer school in electrical engineering -
Federation University Historical Collection
album, Water Turbines, 1958/59
Associated with Former Ballarat School of Mines Director Graham BeanlandBlue cloth-bound album containing hand-written notes, diagrams, tables and printed materialgraham beanland, ballarat school of mines, water turbines -
Federation University Historical Collection
album, System Design, 1958
left at Ballarat School of Mines by Principal Graham Beanlandblack cloth-bound album containing hand-written notes, diagrams, tables and printed materialgraham beanland, ballarat school of mines, electrical engineering, system design -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Brian McLennan et al, Ballarat School of Mines proposal for Certificate of Applied Art: Ceramics, 1983, 06/1983
... University Australia. ballarat school of mines ceramics applied ...Ballarat School of Mines is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia.Black and white soft covered book with plastic ring type binding, and features an image of a plate being turned on the wheel. The book was prepared for the proposed Certificate of Applied Art: Ceramics at the Ballarat School of Mines. Population statistics for the Central Highlands region in 1981 is given. The book includes a list of Ballarat and District potters, and galleries. Two articles on John Gilbert's Old Ballarat Pottery are attached. The book is planning Document 7.83 ballarat school of mines, ceramics, applied ceramics, brian mclennan, r. mcfarlane, population statistics, old ballarat pottery, john gilbert, old ballarat village, ewan jones, neville french -
Federation University Historical Collection
Programme, Opening of the 1870 Founders Hall, 1981, 28/03/1981
On 28 March 1981 the Ballarat College of Advanced Education 1870 Founders hall was opened. The hall was erected from the proceeds of the Centenary Appeal for a sum of approximately $800,000. The hall commemorates the initiative of the founders of the original Ballarat School of Mines and its "descendants", including Ballarat College of Advanced Education, as well as formal technical education in Australia. The hall was build to accommodate 670 persons in a theatre type seating and was intended for multiple purpose use by community groups as well as by the College. Construction of the hall commenced in 1978. It was opened approximately 110 years after the Ballarat School of Mines (26 October 1870) and 10 years after the opening of the Mt Helen Campus (31 October 1870)..1) White card with blue and brown ink relating to the opening of the 1870 Founders Hall by His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Zelman Cowen, Governor-General of Australia. .2) Souvenir Programme and Entree to inaugural concert in the 1870 Founders Hall. .3) Invitation card to the opening of Founders Hall made out to Mr and Mrs Z.A. Plavinaballarat college of advanced education, founders theatre, founders hall, theatre, zelman cowen, m.b. john, e.j. barker, w.j.c. north, ian gordon, zig plavina, invitation, 1870 founders hall -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat School of Mines Museum Curators Book, 1892-1913, 1892-1913
The Ballarat School of Mines Museum as established in 1872.Leather covered book with copies of lists of donations and letters written by the Ballarat School of Mines Museum Curator, Ferdinand Krause, then Thomas Hartballarat school of mines museum, ballarat school of mines, museum, thomas hart, curator, donations, ferdinand krause, james oddie, vale, righetti, stone axe -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat School of Mines Visitors' Book, 1879-1890, 1879-1890
James Redmond Gilbert (sr) was born in 1837 at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He married Ellen Spouse. He , James Gilbert died on 26 July 1900 at Melbourne, and is buried at Boroondara Cemetery (Kew). J.R Gilbert lived at Running Creek (later Havilah) for some time, and during that time was employed in one of the bigger mines in the district. (Research by Ren at Havilah Research, 2019) Leatherbound ledger with hand written names, professions, residence and remarks relating to visitors to the Ballarat School of Mines. Sample Names: 1881 May 2 David Kerr Diamond Miner South Africa May 2 S. R. Dodds Diamond Miner South Africa May 3 Albert E. King Accountant Adelaide, South Australia "see signature 6 leaves back" May 6 William Morley Wesleyan Minister Auckland, New Zealand May 6 Rainsford Ravin Wellington, New Zealand May 7 Frank E. Lawrence, Lake River, Tasmania May 9 M. Richter Engineer Germany May 9 Dr Wilhelm Landall naturalist Berlin, Germany May 10 William Ralph Heaton Mercantile Birmingham May 11 Arthur I. Traill Grazier Llanpollen, New South Wales May 10 Marian Traill 1882 July 10 Arthur W.W. Brown London July 10 Benjamin Spargo Mining Mananger and owner Snowy Creek July 10 Thomas Cooke Miner Ballarat July 14 Robert H. Kenny July 14 Mr and Mrs Buston, [Indigo Planter?] Bengal, Indonesia July 14 Samuel H. Halker Ballarat July 14 Charles Phelan Talbot July 14 E. Walker Ballarat 1884 June 30 M.N. Cooper Dunedin, new Zealand June 30 Richard Hosking gardiner Gong Gong Well pleased with School June 30 Humphrey John Ballarat July 1 Cecily Gilbert Melbourne July 1 Florence Shrivall Melbourne July 1 [W.N. Marsh?] Colonial Secretary Hong Kong July 1 Louis Fause Engine Driver Dunolly July 1 John L. Bertram Blacksmith Melbourne July 1 Thomas Eardley Coachmaker London "Exceedingly obliged to Mr Oddie for a very pleasant instruction time spent in inspection of the various scientific appliances in the Ballarat School of Mines." (Donation 2/6) July 4 E. Goodwin [David?] Artist Spellbound July 4 W. Glumley Station Master Murtoa July July 4 James Thomas Miner Corrinondie, New Zealand "Very pleased with the School in all its branches. I hope to contribute to the specimen department. J.T." July 8 Robert Wall Engine Driver 1885 September 16 J.W. Springthorpe, M.D., Melbourne (very much pleased in every way) September 26 M. Oddie, Ballarat 1886 January 12 William Piekard, Leicester, England January 12 Robert Linford, Norwich, England January 12 H. Tipping, Draughtsman, Adelaide (Very instructive and should be taken advantage of by all who can) January 12 Fred H.K. Dreslecher, London (ditto) January 23 Walter Redgate, Manchester (ditto) April 7 Annie Bellingham, Richmond April 9 Fred Kruger, Landscape Photo, Geelong April 14 Mary Barry, Murtoa April 19 N.J. Tabuteau Accountant Napier, New Zealand April 19 George N. [Baroft?] Gentleman Cheshire, England April 21 Hon. George D'Almaine, Peer of England, London April 21 Lord Augustus Honour April 21 William Holt, South Melbourne April 21 H. Bartell, Gentleman, Smythes April 21 Fred Musgrove, Gentleman April 21 A. Chirnside, Squatter April 23 Alice Cravino, student, Buninyong April 24 East Melbourne Bicycle Club April 28 J. Kinnear, Kyneton April 28 J.P. Kinnear, Kyneton May 19 Bob Selby, Doctor, Ballarat May 19 J.W.M.. Quiggin, globe trotter, Picton (NS Wales) May 25 Arthur Night, Sutton Hotel, Ballarat (very fair) May 28 D. Kelly, attendant, China May 28 J. Kelly, schoolboy, China June 1 Joseph Jelbart, Blacksmith, Harrow September 9 David Ham, M.L.C. Ballarat ( A right to be pleased) September 9 J.J. Green, Merchant, Adelaide (Very much pleased with my visit to this intitiution it has my hearty sympathy and appreciation, Much pleased at what I have seen its value to the community) 9 December James H. Tappin, Agent, Ballarat (very pleased with instruction 1887 March 20 Thomas Bath Learmonth March 20 James R. Gilbert= Miner Running Creek March 20 C. Holtermann Out of business Adelaide 1890 21 May Mr and Mrs Fairchild, gentleman. Yarra house, Dalgety St, St Kildaballarat school of mines, visitors, j.w. springthorpe, chinese visitors, visitors' book, running creek, james redmond gilbert sr, havilah -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White, Kenneth Joynson Flecknoe
Kenneth Joynson Flecknoe joined the Ballarat School of Mines Council on 16 April 1975, and was elected Vice-President on 15 July 1979, and became its eleventh president in 1981. His time on Council was one of rapid chance for the School, from separation of the tertiary division and the Junior Technical School to the development of TAFE. Six major capital projects were completed and buildings opened during Ken Flecknoe's time as President, as well as significant refurbishment and development across the School.Black and white photograph of Kenneth Flecknoe.kenneth flecknoe, flecknoe, ballarat school of mines, tafe, ken flecknoe, kenneth joynson flecknoe -
Federation University Historical Collection
Programme, Baxter & Stubbs, Invitation and Programme for the Official Opening of the Flecknoe Building, Barker Building and Steane Building, 1991, 10/08/1991
Edward John Barker, O.A.M, Ballarat School of Mines Principal 1964-1976, Ballarat School of Mines Council President 1991 - Kenneth Joynson Flecknoe, Ballarat School of Mines Council President 1981-1988 Albert Whitelock Steane, Ballarat Junior Technical School Foundation Headmaster 1913-1942Invitation and Programme for the Official Opening of the Flecknoe Building, Barker Building and Steane Building printed on buff card with maroon ink. The card includes the order of ceremony, and included introductory remarks by Bill Gribble; official opening and naming by the Honourable Joan Kirner, A.M., M.P., Premier of Victorian; and Peter Shiells, Director of the Ballarat School of Mines. ballarat school of mines, e.j. barker, ken flecknoe, flecknoe, albert w. steane, steane, flecknoe building, barker building, steane building, peter shiells, joan kirner, bill gribble -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Aerial View of the Ballarat School of Mines
This aerial photograph was taken before the E.J. Tippett library on the Ballarat School of Mines campus was built. Aerial photograph of the Ballarat School of Mines block bounded by Albert Street Dana Street, Lydiard Street South and Grant Street. Buildings shown include the Uniting Church, Flecknoe Building, Corbould Hall, Old Chemistry Building, Former Wesleyan Church, Administration Building, former Ballarat Gaol Gates (gaol demolished), Amenities Building, Ballarat Brewery, St Johns'.ballarat uniting church, flecknoe, flecknoe building, corbould hall, old chemistry building, former ballarat wesleyan church, administration building, former ballarat gaol gates (gaol demolished), aerial, amenities building, ballarat brewery, st johns' cathedral, albert street, lydiard street south, grant street, dana street, white flat -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White, Aerial View of the Ballarat School of Mines
Aerial photograph of the Ballarat School of Mines soon after the Ballarat Gaol was demolished. The photograph shows the Corbould Building, tennis court, Model Mine, Ballarat Junior Technical School, Administration Building, former Wesleyan Church, Former Court House, Former Ballarat Gaol walls, Old Plumbing Building, Old Chemistry Building, Botanical Gardens, Corbould Hall, Ballarat Brewery, Ballarat Girls' School, Albert Street, Grant Street, Hickman Streetcorbould building, ballarat school of mines tennis court, model mine, ballarat junior technical school, administration building, former wesleyan church, former court house, former ballarat gaol walls, old plumbing building, old chemistry building, botanical gardens, corbould hall, ballarat brewery, ballarat girls' school, albert street, grant street, hickman street, flecknoe -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Colour, Ballarat School of Mines Building Site
.1) Ballarat School of Mines Building Site showing the Flecknoe Building (right) with the M.B. John Building under construction (left).ballarat school of mines, m.b. john building, flecknoe building, flecknoe, s.j. weir, albert street -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Black and White, Ballarat School of Mines Buildings, Albert Street, c1970
Kenneth Joynson Flecknoe joined the Ballarat School of Mines Council in 1979 becoming its 11th President in 1981. He joined the Ballarat Courier newspaper in 1953 as company secretary, becoming General Manager in 1966. Flecknoe joined the board of directors in 1968 and was managing director from 1969 until his retirement in 1987. Flecknoe was chairman of the Ballarat Broadcasters Pty Ltd (3BA), of the gateway Publishing Company which published newspapers in Ararat and Stawell and of the Ballarat Publishing Company which published Ballarat News, and was formerly deputy chairman of associated Broadcasting Services Ltd (BTV6 Ballarat and GMV Shepparton). He was also Chairman of the advisory board of Ballarat's St John of God Hospital. Flecknoe's contribution to the Royal South Street Society, of which he was a past president, and a committee member since 1961, was rewarded with life membership. He was also a life member of the Ballarat Historical Park Association (Sovereign Hill). The Ballarat School of Mines building in Albert Street was named "Flecknoe" in 1991, three years after Flecknoe's death.Three photographs showing a Ballarat School of Mines building on Albert Street. .1) Ballarat School of Mines Building, Albert Street .2) View of Carpentry Building looking towards Albert Street .3) Building on the Ballarat School of Mines Building (Possibly the former caretaker's cottage), near Albert Streetballarat school of mines, albert street, flecknoe, carpentry, vocational skills, ken flecknoe, flecknoe building -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Black and White, Proposed Ballarat School of Mines Trade Workshops, c1984
A design for a Trade and Art Workshop at the Ballarat School of Mines was prepared by Ewan Jones and Associates on the Albert Street boundary around 1984. The M.B. John Building (Building K), a three storey, face red brick, restrained Late Twentieth Century International styled building with an elongated, cuboid form (defined by the parapeted facades) that is offset by projecting exposed concrete framed, round‐arched entrance and stair wells on the east (Albert Street) elevation (the centrally located entrance breaking the brick façade with glazing). The facades are also characterised by banks of aluminium framed, horizontal ribbon windows, which wrap around the building corners. Metal shades project beyond the windows, while post‐supported bullnosed verandahs and hoods and projecting concrete stairs are other features. On the west elevation, the cuboid façade is punctuated by projecting curved concrete and glazed, elongated bays at first floor level. (David Rowe/Wendy Jacobs) The M.B. John Trade–Art building of SMB was officially opened by the Hon. John Cain, Premier of Victoria, in the presence of Morgan B. John. Programs include 3 Dimensional Art, Painting & Decorating, and Engineering Trades. (SMB Institutional Plan 1989)Black and white photograph of a sketch for the proposed Trade Workshops at the Ballarat School of Mines, from the Albert Street vantage point. This building is known as the M.B. John Building on the SMB Campus.ballarat school of mines, trade workshops, flecknoe, m.b. john, ewan jones and associates pty ltd, albert street, morgan b. john, ewan jones and associates -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White, Ballarat School of Mines Old Plumbing Building, c1975, c1975
Two black and white photographs of the Ballarat School of Mines Plumbing Instruction Building, which borders the Ballarat School of Mines Botanical Gardens.ballarat school of mines, plumbing, old plumbing building, vocational skills, trades -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Landscape Plan for a courtyard at the Former Ballarat Gaol
Landscape Plan for a courtyard at the Former Ballarat Gaol, now part of Federation University SMB Campus. It is thought to have been designed by Brian McLennanformer ballarat gaol, landscape plan, brian mclennan, ballarat school of mines, smb campusarchitecture -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Plan for a Service Plan at the Ballarat School of Mines
This plan appears to show buildings that were not built. Plkan showing the section of the Federation University SMB Campus between Grant Street and Lydiard Street, near Armstrong Street South.smb campus, ballarat school of mines, grant street, lydiard street, former ballarat supreme court -
Federation University Historical Collection
Artwork, Signwriting by Keith Rash
Keith Rash was a Ballarat signwriter who studied at the Ballarat School of Mines. .1) Blue paper 'Mother's Day' label, probably for use in a shop window. .2) Pencil rough design featuring an eagle, crown, the number '37' an Australian Flag and and English Flag. The design in on letterhead associated with the Initial Training School.keith rash, signwriting, mother's day, initial training school -
Federation University Historical Collection
Objects, Sponges and rags
These items were used by Ballarat signwriter Keith Rash, who studied signwriting at the Ballarat School of MinesSponges, rags, probably related to stenciling and signwriting.signwriting, keith rash, ballarat school of mines, stencil