The, horse drawn metal scoop ,guided by a man, was used to clear earth for road making. Well before the introduction of motorised, mechanical graders and trucks the painstaking, labour-intensive work was undertaken by large teams of sturdy men using strong horses such as the draught horse. Roads were needed by the market gardeners to transport their produce to market. Later as the heavy wagon loads continually caused ruts and general degradation of the roadways a Plateway system was installed so that the wagon wheels could roll along the rails thus protecting the roadways. August 31st 2021 Ron Nash, from WA, informs us "The men and horses pulling earth scoops in the photo are not moving earth for road making - they are excavating an "earth tank", or dam, as described in common nomenclature today. This skill was known as "tank sinking", and tank sinkers were active in many rural and remote areas in the 1800's and early 1900's, establishing sizeable dams for important water reserves for community and farm and railway use. With the advent of mechanised equipment such as bulldozers, the trade of tank sinking was still carried out, but on a faster basis. I am a former tank sinker and earth moving contractor, now long retired." Early settlers in Moorabbin Shire had to build the roads, plateways, drains, as the settlement of the land, in Dendy's Special Survey 1841 Brighton, spread and market gardeners need to transport their produce to market. Their most valuable possession was the draught horse that was used for ploughing, drawing carts and these scoops.Black & White photograph showing many horses pulling metal scoops guided by men to move earth for road making in Moorabbin Shire c 1900Back Handwritten Informationplateway, roadworks moorabbin shire, draught horses, metal scoops, paviers, box alonzo, smith j l; chaff cutter, horse drawn carts, toll gates brighton, motor cars 1900, steam engines, early settlers, bentleigh, mckinnon, parish of moorabbin, city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman stephen, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, market gardeners, vineyards, orchards

Whilst each town's blacksmiths played an essential part in the colony of Victoria, the early settlers frequently had their own small forge and a few blacksmith's tools to attend to smaller day to day repairs. A long-handled pair of blacksmith tongs were essential for handling red-hot metal that was being repaired.As only a handful of settlers were present in the Moorabbin district from the 1840s. These early colonists were required to use their ingenuity and skill to undertake the "running repairs", including some basic blacksmithing, required around their property or leasehold.Circa 19th century. Large pair of forge-made blacksmith's tongs. Nilblacksmiths, forges, metalwork, craftwork, fireplaces, early settlers, pioneers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners colonists, 1840s

Curling irons, also known as curling tongs, create waves or curls in the hair. Clipless wands have no clamp, and the user simply wraps hair around a rod and squeezes the two parts together. The metal curling irons were heated on the fire or the stove and then the hair could be clamped between these 2 rods to create a curl in the hair . A pair of steel, hair curling tongsEveready Englandtoiletries, hairdressing, curling tongs, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, marcel waves, market gardeners

A button hook is a tool used for the closing of shoes, gloves or other apparel that uses buttons as fasteners. It consists of a steel hook fixed to a handle that may be simple or decorative. The hook end is inserted through the buttonhole to capture the button by the shank and draw it through the opening.The family of May Curtis were early settlers in Moorabbin ShireA metal button hook for shoes and gaiters with an 'Ivorine' handleclothing, footwear, gaiters, boots, craftwork, ivorine, moorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, cheltenham, curtis may

A tie pin is a neckwear controlling device, originally worn by wealthy English gentlemen to secure the folds of their cravats. They were first popularized at the beginning of the 19th century. Cravats were made of silk, satin, lace and lightly starched cambric, lawn and muslin, and stickpins were necessary accoutrements to keep these expensive fabrics in place and safe. Stickpins commonly used pearls, and other precious gemstones set in gold or other precious metals and were designed specifically for their owners. By the 1860s, wearing cravats had been embraced by the English upper middle classes with a consequently lower quality of materials and designs used in both the neckwear and in the stickpins used to keep it in place. By the 1870s Americans had embraced stickpins and designs were mass-produced. 3 men's metal lapel pins with coloured glass inserts 1 yellow 2 red jewellery, tie-pins, male neckwear, moorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, cheltenham

A lady's dark brown pigskin purse with 7 sections, a short strap handle across the top and a metal fastening studmoorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, cheltenham, craftwork, leather, wallets, purses

A lady's small metal brooch with coloured glass bead inserts, a central larger pale blue glass insert and a pin clasp at back.

A lady's, small, silver coloured, diamante encrusted, ,fern leaf, brooch with a metal spring clasp at back

Early settlers were very skilled craft workers and made and decorated ornaments, photo frames, cards etc to brighten their homesA small, hand made glass picture frame, hand decorated with chips of mother of pearl shell, a paper mache backing and a metal stand with clips. Enclosing a circular photo of an unnamed lady moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, cheltenham, early settlers, pioneers, jewellery, craftwork, photographs

The hat box was very necessary for Ladies to protect, store and transport their beautifully decorated hats.The family of Miss Carol Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire of Scandinavian descentA lady's, large, hat box made of brown leather with metal hinges and securing clips and inside 2 large leather restraining straps.green carol, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, cheltenham, early settlers, pioneers, leatherwork, hats, milliners

A candle snuffer is an instrument used to extinguish burning candles. This is accomplished by smothering the flame with a small metal cup that is suspended from a long handle, and thus depriving it of oxygen. The use of a candle snuffer helps to avoid problems associated with blowing hot wax. Candle snuffers are still commonly used Churches. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity, candles and kerosene lamps were used for lighting in households after sunsetEvery Early settlers depended on candlelight after sunset and candle snuffs were a safe, clean and efficient way to extinguish the candle flameThis candle snuff has a brass handle with a turned polished wood tip. The brass cup, that is placed over the flame to extinguish it, is decorated with an engraved brass moth.early settlers, pioneers, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, market gardeners, lights, lamps, candles

Sovereign cases were small portable boxes usually in cylindrical shape and made from various metals with snapshut covers to contain the coin. A white metal Sovereign coin holder with spring-loaded insert with engraved decoration on lidengraved decoration on lidpersonal effects, coins, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond

William Tonge and family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. The photo frame is an example of the craftwork of early settler women. A black and white photograph of William Tonge, Hannah Tonge and children Thomas and Ann in a leather and metal frame moorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, cheltenham, tonge william, tonge hannah, tong thomas, tong ann

William Tonge and family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. The photo frame is an example of the craftwork of the early settlers.A black and white photograph of William Tonge and a dog in a leather and metal framephotogaphs, moorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, cheltenham, tonge william, tonge hannah, tonge thomas, tonge ann, craftwork

A tie pin is a neckwear-controlling device, originally worn by wealthy English gentlemen to secure the folds of their cravats. They were first popularized at the beginning of the 19th century. Cravats were made of silk, satin, lace and lightly starched cambric, lawn and muslin, and stickpins were necessary accoutrements to keep these expensive fabrics in place and safe. Stickpins commonly used pearls and other precious gemstones set in gold or other precious metals and were designed specifically for their owners. By the 1860s, wearing cravats had been embraced by the English upper middle classes with a consequently lower quality of materials and designs used in both the neckwear and in the stickpins used to keep it in place. By the 1870s Americans had embraced stickpins and designs were mass-producedThe family of Lorna Risstrom were early settlers in Moorabbin ShireA tie-stud and chain in a small, blue velvet covered, silk lined, hinged jewellery box with . The tie-stud has a red stone set in gold metalmoorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, pioneers, market gardneners, jewellery, risstrom lorna, tie-pins, tie- studs, cravats, silk, lace,

A hair fashion accessory for 20thCentury ladies. Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organics that are malleable and can be moulded into solid objects of diverse shapes. Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products. They displaced many traditional materials, such as wood, stone, horn and bone, leather, paper, metal, glass, and ceramic, in most of their former uses including jewellery. Parkesine is considered the first man-made plastic. The plastic material was patented by Alexander Parkes, In Birmingham, UK in 1856.The world's first fully synthetic plastic was bakelite, invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland who coined the term 'plastics'. After World War I, improvements in chemical technology led to an explosion in new forms of plastics, with mass production beginning in the 1940s during World War 11 due to shortages of silk and ivory.A plastic, tortoise shell pattern, lady's hair-comb in the mantilla style with diamante decoration.hair fashion, hairdressing, coiffure, plastic, personal effects, jewellery, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, world war 1 1914-1918, world war 11 1939-1945, silk, ivory, bakelite,

A plastic, costume jewellery, fashion accessory for early 20th Century ladies Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organics that are malleable and can be moulded into solid objects of diverse shapes. Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products. They displaced many traditional materials, such as wood, stone, horn and bone, leather, paper, metal, glass, and ceramic, in most of their former uses including jewellery. Parkesine is considered the first man-made plastic. The plastic material was patented by Alexander Parkes, In Birmingham, UK in 1856.The world's first fully synthetic plastic was bakelite, invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland who coined the term 'plastics'. After World War I, improvements in chemical technology led to an explosion in new forms of plastics, with mass production beginning in the 1940s during World War 11 due to shortages of silk and ivory. A small, black plastic brooch with a verticle pin at back and diamante decoration .fashion, costume jewellery, personal effects, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, jewellery, plastic

The pioneer farmers and market gardeners in Moorabbin Shire had to be self sufficient and made their own tools and clothing and grew their own food. Some had been farmers in England and brought with them tools that would help them establish homes in the new countryAn example of the typical tools used by pioneers in Moorabbin Shire as they built homes and established farms. c1880 This spokeshave, is a wooden hand - plane that has a very short flat metal sole, used for smoothing curved surfaces.moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, farmers, tools, planes wood

An adjustable metal gauge with a copper plated sleeve and 2 pincers used for measuring areas where the use of a ruler is not practicalpioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, tools, guages

The Blacksmith used these tongs to make repairs at his forge. He could mend wheel bands, tools, farm equipment and also fine tune generic sized horseshoes on site. He needed tongs to work on any heated metal as required at his forge A Blacksmith was an essential person for the maintenance and making of farm and household equipment, and shoeing horses, in the pioneer settlements of Brighton, Moorabbin, Cheltenham c1900 A pair of forged steel blacksmith tongsmarket gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, blacksmith, tools, metalwork, forges, ploughs, horse-drawn carts

This Water tap is typical of those used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900 Water tap, small brassearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, cheltenham, tools, metal workers, plumbers

A marking gauge, also known as a scratch gauge, is used in woodworking and metal working to mark out lines for cutting or other operations. The purpose of the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a reference edge or surface. It is used in joinery and sheet metal operations.The gauge consists of a beam, a headstock, and a scribing or marking implement, typically a pin, knife, pen or wheel. The headstock slides along the beam, and is locked in place by various means: a locking screw, cam lever, or a wedge. The marking implement is fixed to one end of the beam.Early settlers in Moorabbin Shire had to be self reliant and made their own clothes and tools as they established homes and farms for their familiesc1900 A hand made wooden marker gaugeearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, cheltenham, tools

A hand plane is a tool for shaping wood Hand planes are generally the combination of a cutting edge, such as a sharpened metal plate, attached to a firm body, that when moved over a wood surface, take up relatively uniform shavings, by nature of the body riding on the 'high spots' in the wood, and also by providing a relatively constant angle to the cutting edge, render the planed surface very smooth. A cutter which extends below the bottom surface, or sole, of the plane slices off shavings of wood. A large, flat sole on a plane guides the cutter to remove only the highest parts of an imperfect surface, until, after several passes, the surface is flat and smooth.The family of Mr Lamb were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and had to be self reliant and made their own clothes and tools as they established homes and farms for their families.c1880 A hand made wood planeearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, cheltenham, tools

A spokeshave is a tool used to shape and smooth wooden rods and shafts - often for use as wheel spokes, chair legs . Spokeshaves can be made from flat-bottom, concave, or convex soles, depending on the type of job to be performed. Spokeshaves can include one or more sharpened notches along which the wooden shaft is pulled in order to shave it down to the proper diameter. Historically, spokeshave blades were made of metal, whilst the body and handles were wood. An early design consisted of a metal blade with a pair of tangs to which the wooden handles were attached. Like a plane, spokeshaves typically have a sole plate that fixes the angle of the blade relative to the surface being worked. By the twentieth century metal handles and detachable blades had become the most common. Preston Tools was an English tool making company also known as E.P. Tools and Edward Preston Tools. Edward Preston Sr. (1805-1883) was first listed as a plane maker at 77 Lichfield Street in the 1833 Birmingham Directory but it is believed he may have started business there as early as 1825. Around 1850 his son, Edward Preston Jr. (1835-1908) left school to join his father's business and he later started up his own "wood and brass spirit level manufactory" at 97-1/2 Lichfield Street by 1864. By 1866 Edward Jr. had added planes, routers, joiners, coach, gun, cabinet and carpenters tools to his line, and the following year he moved his shop from his father's address and relocated to 26 Newton Street, before moving again to a much larger premises at 22-24 Whittall Street. This later became the office and factory of Edward Preston and Sons, who were forced to liquidate in 1934, due mainly to the Great Depression and mismanagement of the company. The plane making concern was sold to the Sheffield firm of C. & J. Hampton, who had subsequently merged in 1932 with Record Ridgeway Ltd.An ornate steel spokeshave wood plane with an adjustable screw.PRESTONS PATENTwoodwork, tools, spokeshave, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, woodplanes, craftwork, bicycle wheels, furniture, cabinetmaking, cartwheels, wagons, drays, preston edward, preston tools ltd

A clamp is a fastening device to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure. The tool is for temporary use for positioning components during construction and wood working. There are many types of clamps available for many different purposes. Some are temporary, as used to position components while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent. A C-clamp or G-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work piece, and often used in carpentry and welding. C-clamps or G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron, though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal. At the top of the "C" is usually a small flat edge. At the bottom is a threaded hole through which a large threaded screw protrudes. One end of this screw contains a flat edge of similar size to the one at the top of the frame, and the other end usually a small metal bar, perpendicular to the screw itself, which is used to gain leverage when tightening the clamp. When the clamp is completely closed, the flat end of the screw is in contact with the flat end on the frame. When the clamp is actually used, it is very rare that this occurs. Generally some other object or objects will be contained between the top and bottom flat edges. A steel ‘C’ or ‘G’ Clamp used to hold a wood or metal work piece, used in carpentry and welding.L.W.BANKtools, woodwork, metalwork, welding, carpentry, pioneers, market gardeners, early settlers, bank w.l., moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, ormond

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood; for example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with them. On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards with work held in a bench vice, hacksaw blades should be set to be facing forwards. Joseph Marples & Son Pty Ltd Traditional Craftsmans Hand Tools made in Sheffield. The finest quality hand made tools, backed by over 170 years of manufacturing heritage. .In the 1840’s Joseph Marples was one of several ‘Marples’ (most of which were related) in Sheffield manufacturing joiners tools, such as brass inlaid rosewood & ebony braces, boxwood spokeshaves, beech planes, gauges and squares. The business has remained within the family to this date, and has been based in Sheffield since those early days. Although modern technology has been used in some instances, many of the traditions of manufacturing fine hand tools has remained the same using selected materials and hand finishing, indeed the same threads are used in the gauges as were used over 100 years ago. A steel hacksaw. 'Marples' with bladeMARPLEStools, woodwork, metalwork, carpentry, pioneers, market gardeners, early settlers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, ormond, joseph marples & son pty ltd, sheffield , england,

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood; for example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with them. On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards with work held in a bench vice, hacksaw blades should be set to be facing forwards. A steel hacksaw with a wooden handle but without blade

A C-clamp or G- clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work-piece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. These clamps are called "C" clamps because of their C shaped frame, but are otherwise often called G-clamps or G-cramps because including the screw part they are shaped like an uppercase letter G. The fixed end is not adjustable so size is not variable. G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron, though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal. At the top of the "G" is usually a small flat edge. At the bottom is a threaded hole through which a large threaded screw protrudes. One end of this screw contains a flat edge of similar size to the one at the top of the frame, and the other end usually a small metal bar, perpendicular to the screw itself, which is used to gain leverage when tightening the clamp. When the clamp is completely closed, the flat end of the screw is in contact with the flat end on the frame When used some other object or objects will be contained between the top and bottom flat edges. A steel 'G' Clamp tools, g clamp, screws, steel, clamps, metalwork, woodwork, carpentry, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabin, bentleigh, cheltenham

Perak or State of Perak one of the 13 states of Malaysia, is the second largest state in Peninsular Malaysia. It borders Kedah and the Thai Yala Province to the north; Penang to the northwest; Kelantan and Pahang to the east; Selangor to the south, and the Straits of Malacca to the west. The state's administrative capital of Ipoh was known historically for tin-mining activities until the price of the metal dropped, severely affecting the state's economy. A vice is a tool with 2 jaws between which an object is gripped, usually by tightening a screw, so as to leave the hands free for working upon it. The vice is usually firmly attached to a bench . A steel vice THE PERAK TIN MINING COMPANYtools, vice, steel , clamps, metalwork, woodwork, carpentry, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, blacksmiths, perak tin mining co.

A hammer is a tool with a heavy head and a handle, often made of shock absorbent wood or fibreglass, that is used to strike an object. The most common use for hammers are to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal and break apart objects. Hammers vary in size, shape and structure, depending on their uses. Hammers are basic tools in many trades. A hammer is composed of a head, most often made of steel and handle also called a helve or haft. Most hammers are hand tools. A traditional hand-held hammer consists of a separate head and handle, fastened together by means of a special wedge made for the purpose, or by glue, or by both . This 2 piece design is often used to combine a dense metallic striking head with a non-metallic mechanical shock absorbing handle - to reduce user fatigue from repeated strikes. If wood is used for the handle, it is often ash or hickory, which are tough and long lasting materials that can dissipate shock waves from the hammer head. This upholsterer’s hammer has one end of the steel head rounded for knocking nails into wood furniture. The other end is divided to form a 2 pronged claw for withdrawing nails. . An upholsterer's hammer with a steel head and wooden handle, The steel head has one rounded end and a clawed endpioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, brighton, tools, craftsman, carpenters, cabinet makers, blacksmiths, builders, woodwork