This specimen was recovered from the Nigretta Falls (previously named the Upper Wannon Falls), Victoria. The falls are fed by the Wannon River that has its head waters in the Grampians mountains. Approx. 10km upstream of the Wannon Falls, Nigretta is a multi-channel segmented cascade of smaller drops and bounces guided by patterns of joints in a much older (Devonian) rhyolitic volcanic rock. Both the Wannon and Nigretta Falls are iconic landscape features, entrenched in the history and identity of the region. These falls are particularly rare as they are the product of volcanic activity, which is unique in the context of the Volcanic Plain of Victoria. Waterfalls of this capacity are generally associated with the Uplands areas of Victoria, rather than the edges of the Volcanic Plain. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid, dark grey mineral specimen with pale terracotta coloured inclusions. Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite. Rhyodacites form from rapid cooling of lava relatively rich in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.GEOLOGICAL SURVEY / R / S 55 FELSTONE PORPHYburke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, porphyritic rhyodacite, lava, nigretta falls, upper wannon falls, dacite, rhyolite, volcanic geology

Brown Coal is typically found as rocks. During formation the Brown Coal starts as peats, which is an acidic brown deposit resembling soil, and over time when subjected to pressure and heat these peats form the Coal. Brown Coal is the lowest rank of coal as it has a low carbon (energy) content, and a high moisture content. This high moisture content makes Brown Coal unsuitable for overseas exports. This particular specimen was recovered from the Yallourn Mine in Latrobe Valley, Victoria as part of the geological survey of Victoria being carried out by Alfred Selwyn. Otherwise known as the 'Yallourn Power Station', the Yallourn Mine is Australia's second largest mine. Yallourn Mine was first built in 1920, and since then it has been providing over 1 billion tonnes of Brown Coal to Australia every year. The Yallourn Mine is responsible for 22% of Victoria's electricity and 8% of Australia's electricity. As of 2021 the mine employs around 500 people. Due to ongoing maintenance issues and Australia's move to cleaner energy, the Yallourn Mine intends to shut down permanently as of 2028. Soon after gold was discovered in 1851, Victoria’s Governor La Trobe wrote to the Colonial Office in London, urging ‘the propriety of selecting and appointing as Mineral Surveyor for this Colony a gentleman possessed of the requisite qualifications and acquaintance with geological science and phenomena’. Alfred Selwyn was appointed geological surveyor in Australia in 1852 which began the Geological Survey of Victoria. In 1853-69 the Geological Survey issued under Selwyn's direction sixty-one geological maps and numerous reports; they were of such high standard that a writer in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London bracketed the survey with that of the United States of America as the best in the world. During his years spent in Australia, Selwyn collected numerous significant geological specimens, examples of which are held in collections such as the Burke Museum.Brown coal is considered to be an essential rock to Australia's energy consumption. Although plentiful in sources, Brown Coal is not able to be exported overseas due to its high moisture content. As Australia moves towards cleaner energy, Brown Coal is going become less used. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized sedimentary rock that is a dark shade of brown.13 / BROWN COAL / Showing Woody structure / Locality: Yallourn, Vic. | Label probably / correct but / can't find reference / no. 13 to match in / registers. / C Willman / 15/4/21burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, yallourn, yallourn mine, victoria, coal, brown coal, brown coal specimen, alfred selwyn, geological survey of victoria, geological survey, yallourn power station

Hand crushed ballast made by Australian POW's for the Japanese during WWIIGreyish type of granite rock. Silver engraved plate on front.Australian - Thai chamber of commercepow, railway, ballast

Donated by S Serpell of Serpell & Reid families, Sandringham.Black & White Postcard of the Nobbies. Pathway on mainland and rock pools.The Blowhole & The Nobbies Phillip Island. Letter on back sent from Cowes to "Dear Aunt describing holiday in caravan - signed Love Elaine"the blowhole phillip island, the nobbies phillip island, s serpell

One of a collection of photographs donated by Bruce BennettColoured copy of a postcard showing the Nobbies with rock formation in the foreground.the nobbies phillip island, phillip island coastline, bruce bennett

Part of a collection of 'Rose & Valentine' series of Post Cards. Copied by John Jansson 1984View on Cape Woolamai of rock formation on western side of Cape."The Rocks" Cape Woolamai, Phillip Island Victorialocal history, photography, photographs, postcards, cape woolamai, phillip island, black & white postcard copy, rock formation

One of a collection of over 400 photographs in an album commenced in 1960 and presented to the Phillip Island & Westernport Historical Society by the Shire of Phillip IslandPhotograph of the basalt cliffs and shore platform near Pyramid Rocklocal history, photography, cliffs and shoreline pyramid rock, black & white photograph, coastline, rock formations, pyramid rock, dr a b edwards, john jenner, bryant west

One of a collection of over 400 photographs in an album commenced in 1960 and presented to the Phillip Island & Westernport Historical Society by the Shire of Phillip IslandPhotograph of Pyramid Rock looking south from cliff toplocal history, photography, photographs, coastline - rock formation - pyramid rock, coastline, south coast, pyramid rock, john jenner, bryant west

Part of collection donated to the Museum by Mr. Bernard Grayden. 1975Postcard of Pyramid Rock at low tide. Two figures on top.The Pyramid, Cowes. Phillip Island. Victoria. The Rose Series P663local history, documents, postcards, pyramid rock, phillip island, sepia postcard, pyramid rock at low tide, people, bernard grayden

photograph - black and white - male standing on rock in river - 'Adam '.photograph, person, male

Rock with wooden cross with NZ veteran badge and word 'forgive''Forgive'model, tribute 08, nz

Dianne Morgan from Ararat at Sister Rocks. c 1952 Diane is standing in front of a lions face painted with a white outline on a dark background. Photograph is black & white taken in 1965. Diane married Noel Raeburn in 1965.Diane Morgan from Ararat at Sister Rock's. c 1952 stawell scenery

Sister Rocks Stawell looking West. No visible graffiti on rocks Small black & white photo of Sister Rock's looking West. "Sister Rocks Stawell"stawell tourism

Black and white photograph at Rock Workshop Lakes Entrance Victoriamusic, education

Date made 18 January 1977.Colour photograph of Rex Fish standing beside the boiler which provided steam power to drive the winch to transfer rock from the tram, trucks to the barge at North Arm. This rock quarried at Mississippi Creek was used to stabilise the entrance piers, and build rock groynes around the lakes. Lakes Entrance Victoria waterways, historic sites, public works, machinery

Tickets printed and issued by the Victorian Railways for the Sandringham to Black Rock electric street railway or tramway. The line closed in 1956. All tickets numbered for accounting purposes.Yields information about the VR Ticketting System for its Tramways.Set of 3 Victorian Railways Sandringham to Black Rock electric tramway ticket blocks. Printed on white sheets, stapled at the top with a large staple onto a cardboard backing strip. Each value in red ink with black print information. Each block has the ticket number printed on the stub of the ticket that remained with the block when torn off. Were printed in blocks of 200. 1 - 2d - Nos 677805 to 677986 - rear cardboard backing removed along with a number of tickets. 2 - 2d - Nos 80012 to 80185 with tickets and stubs removed at the rear. 3 - 3d - Nos. 40022 to 400189 - as above. tickets, vr, vr trams, victorian railways, fares, sandringham, black rock tramway

The Entrance, power boats in the ocean contestants in the Offshore Powerboat Race hosted by the Gippsland Lakes Boating Club, six power boats in the lake. Good view of rock groynes at entrance to North Arm and clay and gravel filling on Bullock Island extension, Lakes Entrance Victoria. Also a colour photograph of similar view of event named King of the Straits. Not held again at this venue due to dangerous conditions in Bass Strait. number 04234.1 size 9 x 13 cmColour photograph showing the Entrance, power boats in the ocean contestants in the Offshore Powerboat Race hosted by the Gippsland Lakes Boating Club, six power boats in the lake. Good view of rock groynes at entrance to North Arm and clay and gravel filling on Bullock Island extension, Lakes Entrance Victoria. c 1979machinery, waterways

Colour photograph of an anticline fold rock formation - Bendigo Creek possibly in Golden Square. An anticline is a structural trap formed by the folding of rock strata into an arch-like shape. The rock layers in an anticlinal trap were originally laid down horizontally and then earth movement caused it to fold into an arch-like shape called an anticline.photograph, landscape, anticline folds

Oncograptus upsilon T.S.H Yapeenian. Grey rock with one sandy coloured graptolite specimen. 'Ya42' on sticker on rock. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Inspected by George Rawlings 6.2.2013.Fossils are among the most valuable sources of information about the Earth's history.A piece of conglomerate rock with shell (nautiloid?) and coral from the Miocene Era.fossil conglomerate miocene coral nautiloid

One of a collection of photographs donated by Bruce BennettColoured copy of a postcard. Rock platform with breakers and Nobbies at top right."The Nobbies - Cowes"the nobbies phillip island, rock formation phillip island, south coast phillip island, coastline phillip island, bruce bennett

One of a collection of photographs purchased by the Society from Jack Day of Mornington.Black & White postcard of Pyramid Rock with two figures standing on the peak."The Rose Series P663" "The Pyramid, Cowes, Phillip Is., Victoria"pyramid rock, coastline - rock formation - pyramid rock, phillip island, jack day collection

One of a collection of 4 photographs donated by Y. Hancock.Sepia postcard of a rock formation at Cape Woolamai called The Watch Tower."The Rose Series P. 679" "The Watch Tower, Cape Woolamai, Phillip Island, Victoria"the watch tower, the watch tower cliffs, cape woolamai cliffs, the watch towes at cape woolamai, phillip island coastline, y hancock

Part of a collection of 'Rose & Valentine' series of Post Cards. Copied by John Jansson 1984Black & White Postcard. Rock formation known as The Pinnacles at Cape Woolamai.Rose Series P678. The Pinnacles, Cape Woolamai, Phillip Island, Victoria.local history, photography, photographs, postcards, phillip island, black & white postcard copy, the pinnacles, cape woolamai

One postcard has an unsigned message on the back; not addressed and not postmarked: "These falls we did on the round trip of 16 miles on the Tuesday. They are very pretty and have more water flowing than what is seen in the picture. They can be seen clearly from the road." * all three postcards held are originals.Post Card shows Silverband Falls with male standing on rock in foregroundFront bottom: "The Rose Series P.619, Silverband Falls, The Grampians Vic". Hand Written message on back: "These falls we did on the round trip of 16 miles on the Tuesday They are very pretty and have more water flowing than what is seen in the picture. They can be seen clearly from the road.". Back: "Post Card, the "Rose Series De Luxe. A Real Photograph Produced in Australia".scenery, silverband falls