Showing 794 items
matching telegraph
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Glenelg Shire Council Cultural CollectionNewspaper, Weekly Times, n.d
Black cloth cover. Black writing on cover. Black writing on spine.non-fiction -
Lakes Entrance Historical SocietyPhotograph, Club Hotel Lakes Entrance c1924, 1924 c
Kalimna escarpment in the background Lakes Entrance Victoria. Trimmed shrub beside telegraph pole near roadway was a huge box thornBlack and white postcard of the Club Hotel on Esplanade Lakes Entrance Victoria Lakes Entrance, Gippsland Lakes. (W. S. Vogt, photo)hotels, accommodation, businesses -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Document - CAROL HOLSWORTH COLLECTION: DEEP LEAD GOLD DEPOSITS OF VICTORIA
Bulletin 62 from the Geological Survey of Victoria, titled ' Derep Lead Gold Deposits of Victoria' by F. Canavan, M Sc. K. Bowen and H. Tan, Technical Editors, R.A. Bull, Editor. Bendigo and Sebastian District and the Huntly Telegraph Lead, are discussed in the paper.bendigo, mining, geological survey bulletin 62, bendigo, sebastian, geological survey. -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Souvenir - Realia, The Main Street 2 Piece Ceramic Souvenirs
Souvenir Tea Set1 Ash Tray with coloured view of main street showing Post Office with Telegraph Pole and Post Office Hotel, Triangular, Chipped, 15 cm high, 14 cm at base. Egg cup with Main Street in Colour c1920's with Geo Mitchell Store.Royal Staffordshire Guaranteed English Bone China Made in England Crown Royal Grafton Bone China made in England Egg Cuptourism -
Parks Victoria - Gabo Island LightstationInsulator
Modern communication technologyarrived on gabo Island with the construction of the telegraph line from Eden to Gabo Island in 1870. The insulator is associated with the telegraph station. Used at the H.F Radio Beacon. The items of telegraphic equipment comprise a number of ceramic and glass insulators of varying age and type. In addition to insulators, there is a telephone insulator bracket made of metal with wooden pins. It was once attached to the top of a steel pole and some of these remain in situ along the former telegraph line (0044). Telegraphic communication commenced at the Gabo Lightstation in 1870, just eight years after the lightstation opened. The line from Sydney reached Eden, NSW by 1868 and was then extended to Gabo with the costs shared equally by NSW and Victoria. It was initially carried on posts across the sea to the island but was changed to a line along the seabed after the posts were washed away. The first telegraph office was a timber building on east side of the assistants’ quarters. In 1887 a new concrete telegraph office was built which included quarters for the operator, with Victoria and NSW sharing the construction costs. The 1992 CMP identified remnants of the line from its various phases of operation,and these were seen in 2016. Other ceramic insulators in the collection are associated with lines supported on utility poles for the transmission of high voltage electricity. The various insulators have second level significance for their historic value and provenanceFour armed cross shaped insulator with two holes through diagonally opposite sections. It is ceramic with a clear glaze. -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph - original, Hogan Street Tatura 1932, 1932
Photograph showing Hogan street, Tatura in 1932. Showing telegraph poles, palm tree, big tree, fence and residence of Youngs cafe.Black and white original photograph of Hogan Street, Tatura, looking east. 1932.on back: Tatura, Hogan Street. looking east 1932. from corner - Youngs Cafe.hogan street tatura -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural CollectionPhotograph - Photograph - Stone Building, 1920-1939
Photographs taken by Esther Winifred Hall (nee Smallpage) - great grand-daughter of Stephen George Henty. Taken in 1934 Centenary Celebrations in Portland.Black and white photograph showing a stone building with awning at front and ball-shaped finials. Notices pinned to front wall of building and telegraph poles to left of building. Pair of narrow windows set high at front of building and on end wall at right. Street lamp to left of building.Front: (no inscriptions) Back: (no inscriptions) -
Unions Ballarat
The measure of the years, Menzies, Robert Gordon, 1970
Memoir of former Liberal Party prime minister, Robert Gordon Menzies. Menzies also served as Deputy Premier of Victoria. He launched the Liberal Party Australia in 1945.Relevance to the history of Australian politics - especially, the Liberal Party Australia and the United Australia Party.Dark coloured paperback with photo of Sir Robert Menzies on the cover. Name of author and title on front cover. Back cover is green with white print, including author's name and a precis of the content. Includes a brief statement of praise from the Daily Telegraph. Prices are at the bottom of the back cover.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, menzies, sir robert, menzies, rg, menzies, bob, prime minister, deputy premier - victoria, liberal party australia, united australia party, cricket - anecdotes, politics, politicians, memoir, autobiography -
Lakes Entrance Historical SocietyPhotograph - Carpentertown, 1920c
Copied from a copy in possession of J WhadcoatBlack and white photograph showing view of seven cottages on dunes. View of several boats at jetties and on slipway, white shed on New Works wharf, Cunninghame Arm in front of cottages, part of Bullock Island showing some vegetation and one telegraph pole. Lakes Entrance Victoriawaterways, islands, settlement -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Hogan Street Tatura pre 1914, pre 1914 original
Small photograph used on greeting card. Showing Hogan Street, Tatura, looking east. Shops on left, trees, telegraph poles, horses and buggies.Original sepia photograph of Hogan Street Tatura looking east pre 1914Hogan Street Tatura. Greetingshogan street tatura -
Parks Victoria - Gabo Island LightstationInsulators
Modern communications technology arrived on Gabo Island with the construction of the telegraph line from Eden to Gabo Island in 1870. This type of insulator was usually used with radio antennae wires, telegraph and radio antennae equipment. The items of telegraphic equipment comprise a number of ceramic and glass insulators of varying age and type. Five, knuckle-shaped white glazed ceramic examples are associated with radio antennae wires. In addition to insulators, there is a telephone insulator bracket made of metal with wooden pins. It was once attached to the top of a steel pole and some of these remain in situ along the former telegraph line. Telegraphic communication commenced at the Gabo Lightstation in 1870, just eight years after the lightstation opened. The line from Sydney reached Eden, NSW by 1868 and was then extended to Gabo with the costs shared equally by NSW and Victoria. It was initially carried on posts across the sea to the island but was changed to a line along the seabed after the posts were washed away. The first telegraph office was a timber building on east side of the assistants’ quarters. In 1887 a new concrete telegraph office was built which included quarters for the operator, with Victoria and NSW sharing the construction costs. The 1992 CMP identified remnants of the line from its various phases of operation, and these can still be seen in 2016. Other ceramic insulators in the collection are associated with lines supported on utility poles for the transmission of high voltage electricity. .The various insulators have second level significance for their historic value and provenanceFive white glazed ceramic insulators. Knuckle bone sized, oval shaped with one opening at either end. All five are the same. -
Parks Victoria - Gabo Island LightstationInsulators
Modern communication tecnology arrived on Gabo Island with the construction of the telegraph line from Eden to Gabo Island in 1870. These and other cylindricial insulators were associated with the original 1870 copper wire telegraph line and later the P.M.G. line. The items of telegraphic equipment comprise a number of ceramic and glass insulators of varying age and type. Two bell-shaped insulators are made of clear glass, one with remains of wooden dowel inside. In addition to insulators, there is a telephone insulator bracket made of metal with wooden pins. It was once attached to the top of a steel pole and some of theseremain in situ along the former telegraph line. Telegraphic communication commenced at the Gabo Lightstation in 1870, just eight years after the lightstation opened.The line from Sydney reached Eden, NSW by 1868 and was then extended to Gabo with the costs shared equally by NSW and Victoria. It was initially carried on posts across the sea to the island but was changed to a line along the seabed after the posts were washed away. The first telegraph office was a timber building on east side of the assistants’ quarters. In 1887 a new concrete telegraph office was built which included quarters for the operator, with Victoria and NSW sharing the construction costs. The 1992 CMP identified remnants of the line from its various phases of operation,231 and these can still be seen in 2016. Other ceramic insulators in the collection are associated with lines supported on utility poles for the transmission of high voltage electricity. The various insulators have second level significance for their historic value and provenance1. Clear glass insulator. Cyndrical bottle shape with smaller dome -like knob on top. Hollow with inscription on lower edge. Has remains of wooden dowell inside. 2.Clear glass insulator. Cyndrical bottle shape with smaller dome -like knob on top. Hollow with inscription on lower edge.Around lower edge on opposite sides,"C.C / 42" -
Ballarat Tramway MuseumPhotograph - Digital image of Geelong tram No. 2 in Ryrie St, 1920
The photograph, Real Photo Series M 324, shows Geelong No. 2, built by Duncan and Fraser of Adelaide in 1911 in its as-built configuration in Ryrie St with the former Geelong Post Office in the view. Next door to the Post Office is the Telegraph Station. Dated on the basis of a poster next to the Telegraph station advertising a 1920 film by Irene Castle. The full name of the film cannot be read, but starts with "The..." This tram is part of the collection at the Ballarat Tramway Museum. Yields information about Geelong No.2 and Ryrie St in particular the Geelong Post Office.Digital image of Geelong tram No. 2 in Ryrie St, 1920.geelong, geelong 2, mesco, geelong town, geelong post office, ryrie st, geelong telegraph station. -
Tarnagulla History ArchivePhoto-postcard depicting Company's Dam & Pepper Trees, Tarnagulla, c. 1910
Murray Comrie Collection. Photo taken from near the courthouse in Victoria Street, looking east down King Street. This is an original photo-postcard. Sepia photo-postcard depicting Company's Dam, Tarnagulla and 'Peppers' (row of peppercorn trees at left). Visible at centre is King Street and in the background the the Wesleyan Church. Card is from Reid's Series No. 3.Reverse is printed as standard postcard format (blank/unused). Handwritten on reverse in tiny lettering is 'Mrs. E. Whimpey' probably referring to the person who gave this item to Murray Comrie.tarnagulla, views, dam, water, company's dam, wesleyan church, telegraph -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Document
Glassed fronted with black frame containing 2 telegrams dated 4/9/70 & 31/8/70 from the Telegraph Office in Blackburn, Vic. 3130. A newspaper article from The Age dated Monday 31/8/1970. Letterheaded Australian Redcross Society, Vic. Division.Foon's photographics (Wonthaggi) (? framed by them?) -
The Beechworth Burke MuseumPhotograph, 1875
This photograph was taken in the winter of 1875 from the Telegraph Station looking up Ford Street towards the Church of England. Picture is a horse and wagon walking towards the camera. Black and white rectangular postcard. The image is printed on matt photographic paper and mounted on cardboard. This photograph depicts Ford Street looking south C 1875 in Beechworth.Obverse: NO INSCRIPTION Reverse: 5570 35 Beechworth about 1875 American & Australian Photographic Company. Victoria Branch. C. BAYLISS, Manager No. 61 Extra Copies may be had by sending Number to present Address. beechworth, ford street, 1875, horse, wagon, horse and wagon, church of england, burke museum, winter -
Federation University Historical CollectionEquipment - Objects, Porcelain Insulator
This insulator was used on phone wires. Insulators were originally designed to keep the wires linking telegraphs and telephones insulated from the wooden poles that held them aloft.Glass insulators are rapidly becoming a thing of the past in Australia with open-wire communication lines rarely existing near metropolitan areas. The remaining open wire lines are being abandoned and dismantled everywhere with very few insulators being saved as interest in them in Australia is quite limited. (ref Australian Insulators web-site). This item is an example of a piece of equipment which has been superceded.A porcelain insulator. insulator, electricity -
Federation University Historical CollectionEquipment - Objects, Ceramic Insulators
This insulator was used on phone wires. Insulators were originally designed to keep the wires linking telegraphs and telephones insulated from the wooden poles that held them aloft.Glass insulators are rapidly becoming a thing of the past in Australia with open-wire communication lines rarely existing near metropolitan areas. The remaining open wire lines are being abandoned and dismantled everywhere with very few insulators being saved as interest in them in Australia is quite limited. (ref Australian Insulators web-site). This item is an example of a piece of equipment which has been superceded.Porcelain insultorsinsulators, electricity -
Clunes Museum
Financial record - RECEIPT BOOK, VICTUALLER'S LICENCE
RECEIPT BOOKS, BLUE CARDBOARD COVER WITH LINEN SPINE. VICTUALLERS LICENCE 25 POUNDS. .1 Licence Numbers 4541 - 4550 dated 31/12/1890 - 24/12/1892 issued to: 4541 - 2 McCartney James, Club Hotel Fraser St Clunes 4543 Heffernan , James The Ristori Commercial Hotel, Allendale 4544 Gelbert Fred The Town Hall Hotel, 4545 Cocking Wm The Telegraph Hotel, Clunes 4546 Murray, David The Speculation Hotel, Clunes 4547 Rintel Janne The Club Hotel, Clunes 4548 Cocking Wm The Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4549 Heffernan, James The Ristori Commercial Hotel, Allendale 4550 Malley Wm The Club Hotel Clunes .2 Licence Numbers 4521 - 4530 dated 24/12/1886 to 27/12/1888 4521 Cocking William Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4522 Gelbert, Frank Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4523 Bassett Christopher Nags Head Hotel, Clunes 4524 Burns Wm Burt Club Hotel, Clunes 4525 Cocking Wm Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4526 Gilbert Frederick Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4527 Burns Wm Burt Club Hotel Clunes 4528 Bassett, Christopher Nags Head Hotel, Clunes 4529 Gilbert Frederick Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4530 Cocking Wm Telegraph Hotel, Clunes .3 Licence Numbers 4531 - 4540 dated 1/1/1889 - 1/1/1891 4531 Wilson Geo. Sutherland Club Hotel Clunes 4532 Gilbert Frederick Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4533 Heffernan James Ristori Commercial Hotel Allendale 4534 Cocking Wm Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4535 Murray David Speculation Hotel, Allendale 4536 McCartney James Club Hotel, Clunes 4537 Heffernan James Ristorii Commercial Hotel, Allendale 4538 Cocking, Wm Telegraph Hotel, Clunes 4539 Gilbert Fred. Town Hall Hotel Clunes 4540 Murray David Speculation Hotel, Allendale.1 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1890 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 4541 - 4550 INCLUSIVE .2 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1886 - 1888 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 4521 - 4530 INCLUSIVE .3 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1888 - 1890 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 4531 - 4540 INCLUSIVE .4 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1887 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 50 INCLUSIVE .5 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1888 - 1890 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 50 INCLUSIVE .6 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1890 - 1891 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1- 50 INCLUSIVE .7 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1890 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .8 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1891 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .9 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1892 - 1893 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .10 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1893 - 1893 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .11 UNBOUND 15 CERTIFICATES DATED 1889 "CERTIFICATE TO AUTHORIZE THE ISSUE OF A VICTUALLER'S LICENCE" .12 UNBOUND 32 CERTIFICATES DATED 1887 "CERTIFICATE TO AUTHORIZE THE ISSUE OF A VICTUALLER'S LICENCE" .13 UNBOUND 26 CERTIFICATES DATED 1889 "CERTIFICATE TO AUTHORIZE THE ISSUE OF A VICTUALLER'S LICENCE" LABEL ON FRONT COVER: .1.2.3 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 25 POUNDS, INITALIALED RG 5/8/1886 .4 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS .5 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 228 .6 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 263 ORANGE CRAYON HANDWRITING ON FRONT COVER "EXHAUSTED AFTER AUDIT 7-12-91" .7 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 OUNDS BOOK 350 .8 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 344 ORANGE CRAYON HANDWRITING ON FRONT COVER "EXHAUSTED AFTER AUDIT 7-12-91" .9 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 398 .10 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 399 (LABEL TORN IN HALF) RED INK HANDWRITING ON FRONT COVER "NO.1 EXHAUSTED AFTER AUDIT 24-8-93" local history, book, receipts, clunes hotels -
El Dorado Museum Association Inc.Photograph - Digital Image
Dredge Workers, c. late 1930s. Cock's El Dorado Gold & Tin Mining Dredge operated between 1936 and 1954. At the time of its construction, the dredge was the largest in the Commonwealth, producing 2,198 kg of gold.mining, gold, gold mining, dredge, cock's el dorado dredge, men, miners, el dorado, eldorado -
Ballarat Tramway MuseumNegative, Wal Jack, mid to late 1940's
Negative and Digital images of the Wal Jack Geelong Negative file of Geelong 17 at West terminus in Pakington St. Note the shelter and phone box that appear in Reg Item 7829. On the left is the Telegraph Hotel building and in the background is a shop advertising Robur Tea. Photo mid to late 1940's. trams, tramways, geelong, west, pakington st, tram 17 -
Melbourne Tram MuseumPhotograph - Black & White Photograph/s, mid 1910's?
Black and White Photograph of Bourke St looking east with the GPO in the background. Has about 5 cable tram sets in the photograph. shows the telephone pole lines with the Wertheim building, a telegraph works, hotels and horse drawn vehicles. See Reg Item 5000 for a different crop and a better print.On rear in pencil "WB 135H"trams, tramways, cable trams, bourke st, melbourne -
Melbourne Tram MuseumPhotograph - Black and White - cable tram alarm signalling device - set of three
Photograph shows the device used to send a "telegraph" signal to the winding or engine house. They were positioned along the track and enabled the tram crew or a cable tram worker to send a signal about the cable. The crew member would set the pointer and depress the trigger. This sent the signal which was recorded on a telegraph tape, indicating the signal and the location of an incident. Installed by the Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Co. (MTOCo) This photograph is Public Records Office photo H165, 166 and 167 in the Victorian Railways collection.Yields information about the type of equipment the MTOCo used to operate the cable tram system.Set of three Photographs - Black and White of a Melbourne cable tram signalling device.trams, tramways, cable trams, mtoco, signalling, cables, engine houses -
Parks Victoria - Gabo Island LightstationHatch cover
Wreckage from unknown ship. Found on "big beach" at Telegraph Point. 2002. Made of wood with corroded metal fragments, the hatch is undated wreckage from an unknown ship. The remnants of shipwreck fabric have second level contributory significance for their interpretive and historic value as artefacts that highlight the distinctive history of the Gabo Island Lightstation.Timber & steel hatch cover from ship.(wrekage) Rectangular shaped piece of wood with a circular shape cut from centre. Corroded metal fragments have adhered to the wood. -
Melbourne Tram MuseumPhotograph - Cable rope signal bell layout, c1940
Photo shows the face of a signalling unit, rather like a ships "Engine Order Telegraph" used to signal the engine house from a car house regarding the operation of the cable.Demonstrates a photo showing the face of a cable signalling unit, photographed at Clifton Hill car house or depot.Black and white print with notes on the rear."This was at Clifton Hill sheds"tramways, cable trams, clifton hill, cables -
Bendigo Military MuseumPhotograph - PORTRAITS, Kitchener Studios, 1914 - 1918
Pte George Maddams was in the 67th (Bendigo) Inf Bn Militia.1. Full length, black and white, portrait of a standing soldier. Taken in a studio. He is not armed and not wearing a hat. 2. Group portrait of a large body of marching troops. They are on a road beside telegraph poles and wires. An officer is marching in front of the troop. They are armed with what appears to be Long Lee Enfield rifles.1. On Rear - Pte G. Maddams 2. Fully written in pencil - addressed to Dear Linda. It describes the soldiers as going for a Guard review etc.passchendaele barracks trust, photographs, ww1, george maddams -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Alfred P. Morgan (revised by J.W. Sim), The Boy Electrician, 1941 (exact); George G. Harrap (publisher)
Graham Beanland, and his father, C.H. Beanland, both attended the Ballarat School of Mines.Red hard covered book of 328 pages. Contents include: Magnets and magnetism, static electricity, cells and batteries, cables, measuring, telegraphs, telephones, microphones, coils, transmission, transformers, generators, electric motors, radio, electric railways, lighting, circuits, gas-discharge tubes, Tesla coil, copper wire.Book Plate: Yallourn Technical School. Presented to G. Beanland. Second Prize Form I. Dec 1942 C.H. Beanland, pricipallighting, telephones, ammeter, magnets, magnetisn, static electricity, cells, batteries, cables, measuring, telegraphs, microphones, coils, transmission, transformers, generators, electric motors, radio, electric railways, circuits, gas dischatge tubes, tesla coil, copperiwire, morse code, galvanometer, television, ohm, x ray, xray, graham beanland, c h beanland, charles beanland, yallourn -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Document - Abbott Collection: Telegram
Electric Telegraph Victoria, British and Australian line. Original date and time: May 3rd, 1895, at 1.50 pm. Number of words: 6. Time received 8.43 am May 4th, 1895 From London addressed to Abbott Tanner Bendigo. Text on the telegram: prices rising. Signature at the bottom: Boutchers.telegram, abbott, business -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph - original, Kodak, F. W. Williams Store c 1920, 1920
Original photograph of window display of F. E. Williams shop, Hogan Street, Tatura. One of the first store in Tatura. c 1920. Reflection of opposite side of street and telegraph pole.Original sepia photograph of store window display, F. E. Williams store. c 1920. Exterior.on back: F. E. Williams Shop. Ladies window display. c 1920f. e. williams store -
Federation University Historical CollectionNewspaper - Newspaper clippings, End of World War 2, 1945
World War Two Six separate articles - end of World War 2 1. The Sun - 02/05/1945 2. The Sun - 06/05/1945 3. The Sun - 07/05/1945 4. The Sun - 06/06/1945 5. The Sun - 07/08/1945 6. Sunady Telegraph 19/08/19451. Hitler is dead and Grand Admiral Donitz succeeds him as Fuhrer 2. Fighting ends for British - all British and Canadian armies cease fighting 3. Peace may come today - surrender in Norway 4. End of Germany as a nation - grim surrender terms 5. Single bomb wipes out Jap city - atom harnessed to war 6. Japs await allied splitworld war two, surrender, germany, japan, hitler, admiral donitz, eisenhower, churchill, adolf hitler, world war 2
