The Ballarat Hibernian Society was established in 1868. This Honour Board records the society and its amalgamation with a Melbourne group in 1871 to form the Hibernian Society in Australia, The primary Roman Catholic Freindly Society in the nation.hibernian, friendly society, ballarat, honour board.

The Ballarat Hibernian Society was a friendly society formed at Ballarat in 1868. In 1871 the group amalgamated with a similar group in Melbourne to form the HACBS. Due to legislative changes the insurance interests of the society were absorbed into those of the IOOF in the late twentieth century . These collars were worn at official functions and meetings of the society. They vary in elaboration from heavily embroidered to very simple silk collars and many are embroidered with motifs such as kangaroos, emus, shamrocks and Irish harps.Large velvet ceremonial collar with gold metal braid trim and PP for Past President embroidered in gold metal thread.hibernian, hacbs, textile, ceremonial collar, friendly society.

The City of Moorabbin Historical Society was formed c 1960 by a group of Moorabbin residents who were concerned that the history of the area should be preserved. A good response to a call for items related to the historical area of Moorabbin Shire brought donations of a wide variety of artefacts which are now preserved by the current members of CMHS at Box Cottage Museum . Helen Stanley, Secretary of CMHS, began producing a Newsletter for members in April 2007 to provide current information and well researched items of historical interest.Helen Stanley has produced a bi-monthly Newsletter, 2007 - 2013, for the members of the City of Moorabbin Historical Society that contains well researched interesting historical items, notification of upcoming events, current advice from Royal Australian Historical Society , Museums Australia Victoria and activities of Local Historical Societies. The Newsletter is an important record of the activities of the CMHS.2 x A4 paper printed on 4 sides Issue 11 of the bi-monthly, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter produced by Society member and Secretary, Mrs Helen Stanley in April 2009. Notice that Mr Travis Sellars, Friends of Cheltenham and Regional Cemeteries, will talk about ‘The Tragic 20’s’ at the meeting April 26th . Volunteers are needed to show visitors around on Open Days each month and a Roster will be made on April 26th . Suggestions are requested for the Community Grant Application to be submitted by CMHS. Historical details are condensed from ‘ The Living Harvest’ by W.T Dobson, describing the establishment of St. Peter’s Catholic School East Bentleigh 1865 on land donated by Fred Quinn , in Centre Road, East Brighton ( East Bentleigh). A photo copy of Parts of Country Portion 39 of Dendy’s Special Survey or Brighton Estate showing the Land Sales of Lot 2, & 3 North Road and Jasper Road 1841 – 1869. Interesting note on the origin of ‘Jasper Road’. 3 photocopied photographs of St Peter’s School building 1903, School Children at East Brighton Railway Station, 1903, A Lorry in the parade 1903. CITY of MOORABBIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY / APRIL 2009 NEWSLETTERcity of moorabbin historical society, stanley helen, dobson w.t., melbourne, moorabbin, brighton, friends of cheltenham and reional cemeteries, cheltenham, ormond, bentleigh, market gardeners, irish immigrants c1850pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin shire, box cottage museum, port phillip bay, brighton estate, jasper road ormond, east boundary road brighton, dendy’s special survey 1851, point nepean road, south road brighton, thomas street brighton, north road brighton, county of bourke, box h., box william, parish of moorabbin, parish of prahran, markets, shingle roof, weather-board, mr., mckinnon, were jonathan, niall rev. fr. patrick, quinn fred, elsternwick, catholic church directory 1878, hibernian society melbourne, brady peter., kennedy mr., boland mr., leary mr., gahan mr., archbishop carr, rev. fr. gough., presentation convent gardenvale, sister mary vincent, charlston john, bavarian dress band, hales jasper

The Ballarat Hibernian Benefit was established by a group of Irish immigrants in 1868. It later amalgamated with the Australian Catholic Benefit Society to become the Hibernian Australian Catholic Benefit Society.Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2003. Caring souls: the Hibernian Australian Catholic Benefit Society, circa 1920. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

The Ballarat Catholic Young Men's Society was established on 01 August 1892. This is the organisation's first minute book. Rev. Dr Delaney advocated for the formation of the Ballarat Catholic Young Men's Society. Curtin and Scullin became members of this organisation, and it is where they learnt to debate. William White was one of the founders of the Hibernian Society. 09 August 1893 - Richard Sutton provided a piano for recital by Mr Bailey. Brown hard covered minute book with red spine. It is the first book of the Ballarat Catholic Young Men's Society. The minutes are handwritten in ink. This item is held offsite and will require up to a week to retrieve it into the Geoffrey Blainey Research Centre. Use the email link below right to discuss retrieval.Bookplate from M.C. Carey Post Office Stationary Warehouse. ballarat cathoic young men's society, j. murphy, r. hager, e.j. hayden, e. ryan, r.h. sutton, e.f. ryan, john meehan, w. hawley, w. maloney, e. harmer, james slater, patrick walton, j. parker, j. healey, w. moore, w. murphy, delaney, j.b. pearson, e. adams, george rode, j. moran, w. mcnamara, j.p. daly, y. mcmanamny, j. nugent, james shannon, francis clancy, george armstrong, william lamoriniere, john noonan, john hede, m. tierney, james foran, patrick o'donnell, thomas ballinger, thomas carey, h. bradley, j. cullan, j. o'callaghan, p. breheny, john hand, j. nrennan, w. mclennan, st patrick's day, p. russell, p.j. brown, john pratt, michael callinan, william white, richard h. sutton, carey ward, j. gillies, j. sheehan, rudy hager, w. armstrong, c. cusack, patrick o'hallaran, a. hager, j. manning, john o'grady, arthur smith, andrew quinn, john williams, r. wrigley, john murray, d. hanrahan, w. foley, martin tierney, g. o'malley, james bradley, john shelley, e.j. haydan, e. doherty, a.n.a. hall, w.h. davis, donald hayden, debating, fr o'dowd, south street debating society, bookplate, commercial bookplate, j.j. fitzgerald, p. walsh, h. elligott, j. hastings, j. redden, e. higgins, michael murphy, j. maher, h. mclennan, m. o'dwyer, m. kennedy, thomas nolan, thomas egan, edward mcintyre, w. bibby, j. bolger, st patrick's day procession, j.w. curran, reid's coffee palace, p. mcshane, j. lynch, thomas moran, f. mcconville, a. carnegie, father o'farrell, james carroll, john mcelroy, j. o'shannasay, a.c. carnegie, j.j. cardiff, p. nicholas, j. cullen, t. o'loughlin, thomas o'loughlin, w.h. david, thomas loughlin, h. mccauley, j. whiting, f. lynch, d. ryan, c. carey, m.c. carey, cyms

Group of 24 men in dark suits, some sitting and some standing. On front -- The Irish Envoys and Sandhurst Committee. 1889. Markings on back: Back row - 3rd from left - Colgan. Father - 3rd from left - back row. Gilt edging on frame. Northcott's Band preceded the procession from the railway station following the Irish Envoys arrival. Hibernian Society members present. See Bendigo Advertiser article 8th May, 1889, page 3: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/88586344?searchTerm=irish%20envoysperson, group, sandhurst committee

Book - brown coloured stippled card paper covers, 52 pages + cover centre stapled, titled "Handbook of Award, Long Service Leave and & Workers Compensation - 1978 edition". Has lists of Union Officers, details of gratuities schemes ( new) and list of SIPS payments - S E Edwards Secretary. Has many advertisements for organisations throughout the book, such as Hibernian Society, Stokes, Ansett, Channel 7, Volvo Buses and Medibank. .1 - as above - 1982-83- Secretary J. Harper - adverts including Mercedes- Benz, Ansair and Tramways Benefit Society.trams, tramways, atmoea, awards, workplace conditions, workers compensation, annual leave, mmtb

Book - 32 pages centre stapled titled "1978 Edition - The Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (Victorian Branch) - Safety, First Aid, Hand tools and protective clothing and equipment". Provides information and guidance on Industrial safety, equipment and fire. Has adverts for The Druids, Holdens, ANSI, Hibernian Society, Thomas Warburton, Wonderpak Chemicals, Fairmark, Commonwealth Engineer, Raff Jeanery, Australian Thread, Regent Motors, Yarra Falls Ltd, Fabspec, Silverway Pharmacy, Consolidated Pneumatic, Sands and McDougall, McAdams of Essendon, the Irish National Foresters Catholic Benefit Society and Tramways Benefit Society.trams, tramways, unions, safety, medical, benefit society, workshops

Silk ceremonial collar of Mr A. Burke St Arnaud who was a member of the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society (HACBS).hibernian, australasian, hacbs, st arnaud, victoria, burke, ceremonial, collar.

The Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society was formed at Ballarat in 18 and William Taffe was Ballarat President in 1940 when presented with this mounted and framed photograph and photo-lithographic certificate.Thornton Richards & Co Ballarat inscribed on mounting board. Details of the subject, W.J.Taffe written in on the certificate.

Photograph - black & white, portrait of a man. Very well dressed looking very official, wearing a sash, letters printed on it 'H A C B S'.Means 'The Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society', est. 1868John Lay - Eaglehawkperson, family, portrait, photograph. portrait of a man. insigna h a c b s on sash.

Photograph represents the Friendly Society Football Trophy, won by the Loyal Pomona Lodge of the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows (MUIOOF) over the St Patrick's Branch of the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society (HACBS). The year of this match is unknown.Black and white photograph, mounted on cardboard, with two group photos of football teams, and 22 small oval portraits, with one larger oval portrait in the centre.On back of photo: "Coral Jones"football teams, muioof, loyal pomona lodge, hacbs, st patricks branch, hibernian australasian catholic benefit society, manchester unity independent order of oddfellows

Three pages of research by Rita Hull on Friendly Societies. Includes name of Society, when established, the number of Members, and the years 1865,1875, 1881,1891, 1895 and 1907 (an asterisk if they were still operating). Listed are the Society names and the different Court, Lodge, etc. under the name. They are: Manchester Unity Independent Order of Odd Fellows M.U.I.O.O.F. - Loyal Bendigo Loyal Gold Miners' Pride, Loyal James Roe, Loyal Strangers' Refuge, Loyal Heart of Friendship, Loyal Albert, Loyal Sir Henry Barkly, Loyal Catherine, Loyal Darling and Earl of Hopetoun. Ancient Order of Foresters A.O.F. - Court Royal Oak, Court Queen of the Forest, Court Pride of the Forest, Court Happy Valley, Court Bendigo, Court Banner of Hope, Court Sherwood, Court King of the Forest, Court Alexandra, Court Victoria and Court Star of Bendigo (Women). Independent Order of Oddfellows I.O.O. - Loyal Sandhurst Lodge, Court Weeroona and Golden Star Rebekah. Independent Order of Rechabites I.O.R. - Tent Star of Bendigo, Tent Refuge, Tent Cobden, Tent Olive Branch, Tent Laurel, Tent Sutton and Tent Herald of Peace. Sons and Daughters of Temperance - Royal Diadem Division, Ark of Safety, Royal Septre, Hope of Sandhurst (Ladies), Princess Beatrice (Ladies), Lady Loch (Ladies) and Laurel (Ladies). Grand United Order of Oddfellows G.U.O.O.F. - Lodge Star of Eaglehawk, Lodge Sandhurst, Lodge Pride of Bendigo, Lodge Olive Branch and Lodge Belvidere. United Ancient Order of Druids U.A.O.D. - Lodge Quartzopolis, Lodge Eldorado, Lodge Caractacus, Lodge Bendigo and Lodge Sandhurst. Order of St Andrew (Scottish Constitution) - Bendigo Lodge No 1. Order of St Andrew (All Nations) - Lodge Sandhurst and Lodge Unity. Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes R.A.O.B. - Provincial Grand Lodge No 1, Prairie Lodge, Forest Lodge and Southern Cross Lodge. The Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society H.A.C.B.S. - St Kilian's No 4 and Eaglehawk Branch. Independent Order of Good Templars - Lodge Bendigo, Lodge Guiding Star, and Lodge Hope of Golden Square. Loyal Orange Institution of Victoria - Lodge William Lodge and Loyal Governor Bowen (Pride of Eaglehawksocieties, order of .., list, list of friendly societies, rita hull, manchester unity independent order of odd fellows m.u.i.o.o.f., ancient order of foresters a.o.f., independent order of oddfellows i.o.o., independent order of rechabites i.o.r., sons and daughters of temperance, grand united order of oddfellows g.u.o.o.f., united ancient order of druids u.a.o.d., order of st andrew (scottish constitution), order of st andrew (all nations), royal antediluvian order of buffaloes r.a.o.b., the hibernian australasian catholic benefit society h.a.c.b.s., independent order of good templars, loyal orange institution of victoria, australian natives association a.n.a.

This document, also referred to as a word picture or Tablet, is framed in glass and timber with gilt trim, is handwritten with colour highlights. The penned letters rest on ruled guide lines, decorated where the lines intersect. The writing gives a description of the state of Borough of Warrnambool around 1875; its location, the area it covers, its population, Harbour and facilities, public buildings and institutions, imports and exports, financial worth, number of houses, connection with other areas of the Colony. A possible reason and origin for the document is found in an article ‘Link with US Exhibition’ from the Warrnambool Standard of December 19, 1981, written by local historian Bruce Morris. The writer mentions that the Warrnambool Borough Council met on 15th June 1875 and recorded a letter from G.C. Levey , secretary to the Melbourne group of commissioners representing the Colony, and Victoria in particular, for the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876. The letter asks Council to provide “statistics as to the population, social condition and commercial and industrial state of the district in and around Warrnambool.” A sub committee was formed for the project. The Mayor, Cr. Thomas King, wrote and signed a Report, presented to the council on July 14, 1875, in which “The Committee … begs to recommend that a Tablet be prepared setting for the particulars respecting the following matters relating to the Borough”. The matters included area, population, annual income, churches, schools, other public buildings, societies and companies, general description of houses erected, and returns of exports and imports for 1874. The minutes note that the Report was adopted. The article above also notes the opinion of Warrnambool printers who have examined the document; it is almost certainly to be an old lithograph, which means there could be several copies. It is possible that there may be a copy in Melbourne and another in Philadelphia. It is interesting to note that (1) the quoted location co-ordinates are for an “Unnamed Road, Packsaddle NSW 2880, Australia”, and that the DMS co-ordinates for Warrnambool’s Council Offices differ, being 38.23.9.12 South, 142.28.52.887. (2) the date for “Exports and Imports for the Year Ending 30th June 1875” is different to the period mentioned by Cr. King in the sub committee’s Report of recommendation “returns of exports and imports for 1874”. The information required to have the figures for the end of June 1875 would need to have been compiled very quickly for the Tablet to be ready for the opening of the Philadelphia Exhibition on 10 May 1876. The document/certificate shows the following – - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “Victoria Australia, Borough of Warrnambool. Latitude, 30.24.50 South, Longitude 142.32 East The Principal Port in the Western District of the Colony and the Centre of its Choicest Agricultural Lands. Established a Municipality in 1855, and Created a Borough 1863. Population in 1875 4,500. Warrnambool is the nearest Port to Melbourne on the Western Seaboard, being about 160 miles distant. Coaches run to and from the Metropolis daily, in connexion [connection] with the Railway of Geelong and Steamers belonging to Local Companies sail between Melbourne, Warrnambool, Belfast [renamed Port Fairy], and Portland several times weekly. The Harbour is known as Lady Bay, and is partially protected by a reef of rocks stretching from the mouth of the Hopkins River. The formation of a Breakwater has been decided upon by the Government, to extend 600 yards, at an estimated cost of £100,000. There are two substantial Jetties, one of 800 and the other of 600 feet in length. The former is connected with the Town by means of a Tramroad, along which Goods, inwards & outwards, are conveyed, & the latter has been constructed solely for the purpose of facilitating the transit of material for the formation of the Breakwater. In addition to the trade of the Borough and District, the principal Townships up country receive their supplies from Melbourne and ship their exports through Warrnambool. Potatoes form the staple produce of the district, and the richness of the soil can be estimated by the fact that the Government Statistics for 1875 give as the average yield a return of Seven Tons to the acre. Several thousand acres between Warrnambool and Tower Hill are now being laid down in Potatoes by Tenants who have leased the lands at rates up to £5 per acre for the season 1875-6. Wool, Tallow, hides &c are also largely exported, while the shipments of all descriptions of Farm Produce are annually increasing. Area of Borough, 3362 Acres. Net Annual Value £27,000. Annual Revenue £5,500. Number of Houses in Borough 800. Public Buildings and Institutions Churches. Church of England, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Congregational and Baptist. Schools. Three State Schools, average attendance nearly 1000. New Building in course of erection. Several private establishments. Banks. Bank of Australasia, Bank of Victoria, National Bank, Colonial Bank and Savings Bank. Public Buildings. Court house, Custom house, Post & Telegraph Offices, Survey & Land Offices, Shire £, Town Hall, Mechanics Institute, Volunteer Orderly Room, Odd Fellows Hall, Hospital & Benevolent Asylum, Temperance Hall &c. Companies & Societies. Steam Navigation Co, Woolen Mill Co, Gas Co, Racing Club, Amateur Turf Club, Agricultural Society, Farmers’ Club, Cricket Club, Anglers’ Society, Building Society, Freemasons Odd Fellows, Foresters, Druids, Hibernians. Protestant Alliance, Rechabites, Sons of Temperance, &c, Fire Brigade &c. --- Exports and Imports for the Year Ending 30th June 1875 –-- --Exports Total Tonnage 27,800 (Calculated at the Current Warrnambool Market Prices) Potatoes Wool Wheat Barley Hides Skins Fowls Butter Cheese Eggs Tallow Leather Ale Pigs Sheep Sundries --Imports 13,000 Tons Of the Estimated Value of £520,000 Total Tonnage of Exports and Imports 40m900 Tons, Value £806,627 Passenger Travels, to ad from Warrnambool during year, 10,000 persons Revenue from all sources paid through Warrnambool Sub Treasury From 1860 to June 1875 £1, 292, 300 Thomas King [signed] Mayor Henry T Read [signed] Town Clerk” - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The document is of historical, social, economic and local significance in that it summarises activities, business, community, trade, travel and government at a point in time in Warrnambool’s history – 30th June 1875.Document, also referred to as a ‘word picture’ or ‘tablet’. Document is framed in glass and timber with gilt trim, handwritten with colour highlights. The penned letters rest on ruled guide lines, decorated where the lines intersect. Document outlines the establishment of Warrnambool as a Municipality in 1855 and Borough in 1863, with a population of 4,500 in 1875. It states geographic location, public buildings and institutions, harbor facilities and imports and exports for the year ending 30th June 1875. Two signatures "Thomas King" Mayor and "Henry T Read" Town Clerk. It shows the Coat of Arms of the Borough of Warrnambool.Signatures - "Thomas King" Mayor and "Henry T Read" Town Clerk. Warrnambool Coat of Arms; “British Coat of Arms, above sailing vessel and sheaf of wheat in sun, motto “By these we flourish” and around circumference “Borough of Warrnambool 1855”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, borough of warrnambool, municipality of warrnambool, document borough of warrnambool 1875, word picture of warrnambool 1875, tablet of borough of warrnambool 1875, statistics borough of warrnambool 1875, lithograph borough of warrnambool 1875, coat of arms warrnambool, warrnambool city motto – in these we flourish, establishment of warrnambool, warrnambool history, thomas king mayor of warrnambool, henry t read town clerk of warrnambool, warrnambool breakwater, warrnambool jetty, warrnambool imports and exports 1875, warrnambool agriculture 1875, warrnambool business 1875, warrnambool population 1875, centennial exhibition philadelphia 1876, framed certificate

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2002. Milestone: the Bendigo Hibernian Band. Date unknown. St Killian's church is celebrating 150 years. The church is holding a mass which will be followed by a free barbecue this Sunday starting at 11am. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Detailed, handwriten account of the Governor's Visit to Sandhurst in 1873. It includes the day's activities and a visit to the Great Extended Hustlers Mine by His Excellency and party.document, the australian sketcher, the governor's visit to sandhurst, mr d mcdougall, sir george ferguson bowen kcmg, lady bowen, sir hercules robinson, lady robinson, miss robinson, miss bowen, cr aspinall, cr allingham, cr bayne, cr buckley, cr nall, cr hattam, cr clark, cr j holmes, mr fletcher, oddfellows, foresters, deutsche yerein, good templars, hibernians, st andrew's societies, druids, prince of wales light horse, captain moorhead, superintendent chomley, hallas's sandhurst band, shamrock hotel, bendigo rifles, captain josephs, great extended hustlers mine, mrs francis, mr carr, mr kay, corn exchange, bendigo hospital

Letters from following businesses re donations for major raffle for 125th. Anniversary. Bendigo Regional YMCA, Burke School and Office Supplies., Gillies Bros. Hibernian Hotel, Bloom N' Gifts, Maggie Mae's Home Made Cakes, Golden Square healthwise Pharmacy.bendigo, education, golden square primary school

Black and white photograph, 'Hibernia Hotel' printed over windows. Left and right of corner entrance 'Bar' also in script, circular plaque above door. 'Licensed to sell' 'fermented' and 'spiritous' liquor, P. McGrath painted over entrance. P. McGraths ball court to side. 4 male figures in foreground of two storey brick building, gas lamp obscuring one figure. 1 black and 1 white dog. 1 adult female in dark long frock with adolescent female, lighter toned mid calf length frock with cape. 264 Bridge St., Bendigo.cottage, miners, d. walker 5.11.1999 : suggested hibernian hotel, cnr. bridge and cemetry st, had bowling alley'

Photographed Jan/Feb 2011 by Jack BOLTFrom a series of colour photos taken by Jack Bolt in January/February 2011 .01 - Hibernian Hotel 30.01.2011 after the second fire on 28 November 2010 .02 to .09 - Eight photos of route109 tram tracks being replaced between 29.01.2011 to 2.02.2011 (Graham St stop) .10 - view from upper floor of Woodruff Terrace .11 - air shaft Farrer & Ross Sts. Latter two photos are of work on the Melbourne Main Sewer, Ross and Bridge Streetstransport - tramways, engineering - canals and drainage, fire and fire services, hotels, hibernian hotel, jack bolt

These were found by former Port Melbourne social worker Beris CAMPBELL when clearing out old files. They were photographed by an unknown social work student in 1988 for a project "The Role of the Pub in the Social Fabric of Port Melbourne."One of a group of 20 photos of Port Melbourne hotels, taken by a student in 1988 for the project "The Role of the Pub in the Social Fabric of Port Melbourne". Hibernianhotels, built environment - commercial, beris campbell, hibernian hotel

Part of Ron Laing's collection of photographs recording Port Melbourne over a thirteen year period. Donated to the PMH&PS by the photographer.From a group of Ron Laing photographs of Port Melbourne hotels, 1990s: The Hibernianhotels, ron laing

Bendigo Tramways compiled by H Biggs. A short history of Bendigo's Tramways. Also some events and the year they happened. On the back is Early Bendigo Hotels, Compiled by L C Bennetts. Mentions the supply of liquor in the early days. Some early hotels were: The Criterion, The Royal, The Bendigo, The Black Swan, The Hibernian, The Sandhurst, The Freemasons (now the Courthouse), and The Shamrock. Also mentioned is Hazards of the Field including Mr Arblaster and his powder factory which had a few explosions, illness and accidents with cages.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - bendigo tramways, mr a o'keefe, the sandhurst and eaglehawk tramway company, j taylor, j hanson, electric supply company, coliban water supply, cr a harkness, constable thomas ryan, art gallery, miss broadfoot, victorian women's franchise league, ana hall, the bendigonian, law courts, post office, temperance hall, trades hall (old wardens court), roman catholic cathedral, shamrock hotel, bendigo philosophical society, bendigo fire brigade, mr arblaster, powder factory, meurer, sandhurst bee