Millar's analysis of Australian Defence policies, threats, political issues, strategies and preparedness in during the 1960saustralian defence, defence policy, defence preparedness, t b millar, international relations, strategic issues, defence threats, australian defence, defence policy, defence preparedness, t b millar, international relations, strategic issues, defence threats

Colour photograph taken during the reconstruction of the Gardiner level crossing during March - April 1987. A tram is reversing on the south side of the level crossing. Burke Road was widened at this location in order to provide for the freeway that was later removed and replaced by an overbridge during 1995. See reference for the construction timelines and political issues.Yields information about the reconstruction of Burke Road at Gardiner level crossing.Colour print with plain back - printed on Kodak paper.trams, tramways, gardiner, trackwork, level crossings, burke road

This edition includes a report on the The Apollo Parkways Progress Association's March 1977 meeting, A word from our guest Editor, Briar Hill Primary School golden jubilee, From the Council Chamber, Promises! Promises! Promises!, Kinder news, Cameo of the Mckenzies, I remember when, I'm thinking aloud, Uranium: a moral issues not a political issue, Do you know about the... Montmorency Field Naturalists Club?, Scout news, This and that, Why oppose uranium mining? A digital copy of this Newsletter is available from Greensborough Historical Society. Newsletter, 24 p., illus.greenhills and north greensborough progress association, greenhills, apollo parkways progress association, apollo parkways

Yields information about the views of various letter writers, special trains for the Begonia Festival and issues re costs.Foolscap sheet of plain paper, with rounded corners, with 5 newspaper cuttings, concerning the mooted closure of the Ballarat Tram system 28 Feb and 2 March 1962. All from The Courier, unless noted otherwise. 1 - "Trams in 1886" - 28-2-62 - about the formation of the Ballarat Tramway Co. 2 - "Keep Trams" - 28-2-62 - about the lack of trams for church and public service 3 - "Apex Declines to Enter Tram Dispute" - 1-3-62 - determined not to support the Union to support the trams 4 - "Track Times" - 1-3-62 - letter about the speed of the tram service, slow, notes a Mr. Mawby comment. 6 - "Tramway Discussions" - 2-3-62 - Editorial commenting on the APEX decision, Union request, service clubs, becoming a political issue, community support for the trams.closure, letter to the editor, editorial, sec, apex

Sixteen page printed report, stapled in top left hand corner, titled "Trams, Deficits move out as private buses move in", extracted from Truck and Bus Transportation March and April 1957, about the replacement of the trams in Geelong. Written by a bus person. Part 1 - Looks at the changeover from trams to buses, background to the tram service in Geelong, political issues, publicity, bus companies and areas operate, peak hour services, buses used, standards, traffic levels, miles operated, drivers viewpoints. Part II - looks at the savings by bus operations, no fare subsidies at the time, gives a table of losses on Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong from 1931, track replacement costs, details of the three companies operating buses, Trans Otway, Benders and Corio Bus Lines and other operators in the Geelong region. Obtained by Graeme Cleak from the Internet and copy given to Gavin Young Scanned entire document and added 2/9/12. trams, tramways, geelong, buses, reports, tram bus services, closure

Emily Floyd is a Melbourne-based artist who works across sculpture, printmaking and public installation. In It’s Time (Again), Floyd graphically presents Gough Whitlam’s election speech, delivered before he became Prime Minster in 1972. Floyd’s training as a graphic designer is evident in the way in which the text’s presentation ties form to meaning. For example, the circular arrangement of the words resembles a vinyl record to be played again and again, implying the speech is worth revisiting. The circular arrangement also references other forms of timekeeping, such as the growth rings of a tree; the face of a clock; the cyclical nature of time, with its diurnal, lunar, seasonal and annual cycles. Floyd's work implies that social and political issues are cyclical in nature. It emphasises the necessity, once again, for proactive measures to ensure a quality, human-centered existence for everyone.

The port facilities in Warrnambool Bay were in constant use from the first years of Warrnambool’s settlement but there were also difficulties for the shipping trade – a small and unsafe anchorage, the lack of loading facilities and little natural protection from the southerly gales. From the 1870s on there was local agitation for some sort of Breakwater to be built and an Andrew Kerr design was approved by the Warrnambool Council but no funds were made available from the Victorian Government. Throughout the 1870s the building of a Breakwater was a major political issue in the district with preliminary work being funded and started in 1874. In 1879 the Government agreed to a further inspection of the area and an official report. Sir John Coode (1816-1892) was commissioned to make this report. He had come to Australia in 1872 to advise on harbour construction. Coode recommended a 1800 feet long Breakwater and wharf connected to the shore and it was this proposal that the plan described herein and drawn up in 1879 was to accompany. The original plan was eventually modified because of the cost and a Breakwater was completed in 1890 under the direction of the engineer, Arthur Dudley Dobson, with extensions early in the 20th century. This plan is of great interest as it shows in simple graphic form the original plans proposed by Sir John Coode for the Warrnambool Breakwater. It is therefore of great historical importance. The Breakwater was not the maritime success that it was hoped it would be but it is today a significant feature of our foreshore. This is a Plan drawn up in 1879 by Victorian Harbours to accompany Sir John Coode’s Report on the proposed Warrnambool Breakwater. The chart detail is hand-drawn and hand-tinted on canvas with the names of places, geographical and marine features and local points of interest added in print. The edges of the chart are rubbed and the chart is somewhat faded and dirty but the main colours of red, green and brown are still clearly discernible. The title of the plan is printed in an oval inset at the top of the chart. The plan shows two possible Breakwater designs, one from the Borough Surveyor (Andrew Kerr?) and one from Sir John Coode.Victorian Harbours Warrnambool Plan to accompany Sir John Coode’s report Dated 28th Feby 1879 warrnambool breakwater, andrew kerr, sir john coode, arthur dudley dobson, warrnambool, warrnambool harbour, warrnambool history, warrnambool beach

Jamieson's comments appear in an article surveying the Uniting Church, 7 years after union. "One member who disagrees with the church presents social justice issues is David Jamieson, who has been editor of the Ringwood parish quarterly magazine "Insight" since union. Mr Jamieson says he knows scores of people who find it very hard to accept what he considers is a bias in the presentation of social justice issues. 'I know a lot of people who are becoming alienated because they feel their side of the story is not being presented by the church. They feel only the radical side of justice issues is being hammered. I think the more conservative side has validity. My main concern is the flood of study booklets and material on social justice issues which look at them from only one angle. The bias is on greed, excessive profits and most unworthy aspects of the multi-nationals compared with the most humanitarian concerns of the left. No mention is made of humanitarian concern by big business or the extremes of the left — such as unwarranted industrial action and the effect that this has on the poor and unemployed. No mention is made of excessive wage demands by highly paid people who are pressuring for bigger flow-ons. ….. I do not believe the church should be neutral on political issues. In fact I agree with nearly all of its stands. But we should look at both sides before making up our minds. Only then should we be vocal in a political sense, no matter how one-sided."Full face, looking intently at the camera.C&N identification.jamieson, david, church union 7th anniversary, social justice

Set of two Newspaper clippings about the public transport and political and financial issues, both The Age 14/6/1992 .1 - Front page of The Sunday Age, "If you drink and drive, you're a bloody tram driver", written by Tony Parkinson, with a photo by Wayne Ludbey of a driver with a stubbie in hand at the Albert Park terminus. Item about this and the financial performance of the system and the operational aspect of crew management. .2 - "Taking Victoria for a ride"- Tony Parkinson - looking at the performance of the Labor Government in addressing Victorian public transport operations and costs, including the railways, unions, the Premier John Cain, Transport Ministers Steve Crabb, Tom Roper, Jim Kennan and Peter Spyker's attempts and problems of the era. PTC, costs.trams, tramways, operations, transport, public transport, unions, finances, redundancies, transport minister

Hard cover book. The Crown of Wild Olive Author: John Ruskin Publisher: George Allen Date: 1890 Further Information: Green Cloth hardcover with lettering and patterning to spine in gilt. The spine has a Library label with an inscription.non-fictionThe Crown of Wild Olive: Four Lectures on Industry and War, published by George Allen, is the 1890 fifth edition. The book is a collection of lectures on work, commerce and warfare. Ruskin examines the moral and social effects of industrialisation and capitalism, questions the true value of labour, and asks society to rethink how it directs human effort. The Introduction opens with a lament for a once-lovely stretch of English countryside, which he treats as a sign of the moral cost of industrial disregard for nature and for people. The first three lectures are usually known as ‘Work’, ‘Traffic’ and ‘War’. They were first given in 1864–65 to audiences at Bradford and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. The central ideas are that work is only worthwhile when it serves real human life, and that a commercial culture that worships money corrupts taste and morals. The Woolwich lecture treats war as a kind of test of a nation’s character, which was a controversial view at the time. The work’s title, ‘wild olive’, refers to the humble, honourable reward of public service, set against the ‘gold’ that Ruskin believed was being pursued at the time.warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, the crown of wild olive, john ruskin, lectures

The tent model mentioned in the letters was displayed in the Ballarat School of Mines Museum. During the 1960s it was transferred to the Ballarat Historical Society. Two handwritten letters on paper with black mourning edge written by Walter M. Hitchcock to the Ballarat School of Mines, and another written by Walter's brother George M. Hitchcock.Letter transcription follow: Letter from Walter M. Hitchcock regarding the death of James Oddie and early gold mining at Ballarat, 1910 and 1911 48 The Memorial Hall Farringdon St London Dec1/10 The Secretary Ballarat Museum Dear Sir, I am just now sending you this line, i anticipation of further correspondence later on, simply to forward you a Post Card of the 1st mining tent erected 1851 on the site of he then newly proclaimed Township of Ballarat, which, as the sole survivor of the party who built the original, I have had the pleasure in making, and have decided to present it to your museum, Sir Jno Lasenor out Agent General for Victoria came to a Bazaar recently held in London. where I had it on view in the museum from 3 days, - and desired I would allow its [ ? ] exhibited in the first large window of the beautiful new building of the Victoria Agency situate in the Strand. It is there for the past few days and he may wish it to remain a week or two longer, I know of no other exhibition of it to delay it being packed and shipped to my relatives in Geelong (Mr [?] Bright of Hitchock's Firm) who may wish to show it in one of their windows before forwarding it to your museum - I have had an itemised pane glass case made for it with drop down end and [?} it stands on a plateau of moss, to represent grass 32 x 13 x 13 high and chimney 14 1/2 - the case is made 34 x 26 x 20 high inside - I shall have it very carefully packed - tent emptied tools, beds, &c &c in separate packing and insured for 50 pounds - I will send you full details later on. I hope and believe your President will accept it in due time Meantime believe me to be very truly Cat Walter Hitchcock G.F.B. 48 The Memorial Hall Farringdon St London March 15th 1911 The Secretary Ballarat School of Mines Dear Sir, Thanks for your letter received last week – I have unaccountably mislaid it, so cannot address you personally, shall no doubt find it among office papers. The model is being fetched today from Victorian Agent General’s (Sir John [Lavernor?] office window in the Strand where many thousands, he tells me, have stopped in passing to see it (their first peep of Ballaarat). It will be on view at Blackheath (Kent) for a week, then packed and shipped without further delay. I shall enclose in the glass case (which is 26 x 34 x 16 in high) some spare minced moss and gas (smoke) in case in transit the plateau suffers by shaking (though it is well glued down). All the tools, mining appliances, cradle, windlass, &c will be separately packed enclosed – which you can easily place in respective positions. HRH Prince of Wales has graciously accepted a photo of it – and in my letter to him when sending it for his acceptance I said – as he would probably ere long visit Australia as did his grandfather and father, which ought to (and certainly will) include at least a day or two in seeing your beautiful City, and also something of your mines &c instead of the hurried visit of his father (2 hours) when he, as Duke of York, unveiled a statue to the memory of those slain in the sad Boer War, which now is admitted by almost everybody to have been a big political mistake, - though in the future with England’s present wise policy towards that country it will prove for Africa’s welfare. It may interest you to know that when I ascertained that Geelong was not to be visited by the Royal Pair – I went up to St James’s Palace by appointed time the Duke’s private Secy Sir Arthur Bigge – taking with me a specially illustrated paper issued in Melb. showing many pictures of the beauties and industries of Geelong – Sir Arthur was impressed but said all the arrangements for the Royal stay in Victoria (10 days) were made locally, by Lord Hopetoun and collegues and committee, and were practically closed – which meant that only a brief trip to Ballarat to uncover the memorial was intended outside Melbourne. Perhaps if we were Melbourne residents we should have succumbed to the prevailing spirit of selfishness – forgetting (or trying to forget) that there are many beauty spots in Victoria and centres of great interest - Ballarat, Geelong, Bendigo, &c that ought to have been visited instead of Melbourne only. Finding Sir Arthur favorably impressed about Geelong I thanked him and returned to City work again. I at once called to Geelong whose mayor and friends had been twice unsuccessful in trying for the Melbourne functions programme being altered to include a visit to Geelong and lovely spots in the Western District, reporting my interview with Sir A B and his favourable reception of my representations, but that any alteration to the programme of engagements during the Royal visit must be made locally and by the local authorities. This had the desired success for on receipt of my message the Geelong mayor and colleagues again reopened the question and went to Melbourne, resulting in a concession (but what an altogether inadequate one) and they graciously ? consented to the train, on its way with the Duke and Duchess to your city, to stop at the Geelong stn (15 minutes) and so it came about that by a hasty local effort, 3,000 school children, and not a few of the leading people including the Mayor &c were gathered to welcome them in Geelong. The National anthem being sung, an Address read and presented and kindly replied to. Now Ballarat should doubtless has influence. See to it when our P. Of Wales visits Victoria – an unselfish ¬ programme is fixed up – and HRH afforded ample opportunity of visiting leisurely your city, Geelong, Bendigo and other centres of beauty and importance. The Prince himself will be the gainer by such an equitable and enlightened programme, - and come back with all the more favourable views of the marvellous development ever since our family first settled in Geelong in 1850. A far preferable result of such a visit than night after night having Melbourne Banquets and the visiting of its undoubted attractions - whilst all the rest of the State remained unvisited. Such an official mistake must not be made again. I will write you again, stating name of steamer of which the model is shipped and date of departure – it is firmly built on a backing of 3/8 in oak tall uprights so through the 7/8 in plateau and am entrusting the packing be very careful. I expressed firm – so that except possibly any breakage in glass case – it should reach you in due time all right. The top of case will be screwed so that it can be readily removed temporarily to enable my [ ? ] firm to show it in one of their windows. Believe me Yours very truly Captn Walter M. Hitchcock My brother will deliver it on my a/c – all carriage paid. Mt very kind regards to my friend since 1850 Jas Oddie. University of Ballarat Historical Collection Cat. No. 8133.3 & .4 Letter from Walter M. Hitchcock regarding the death of James Oddie and early gold mining at Ballarat, 1911 48 The Memorial Hall Farringdon St London April 20th 1911 My Dear Sir, It is with no ordinary feeling of regret that I received the tidings of the death of my good friend, your fellow citizen for many years, Mr James Oddie. Living at Geelong from March 1850 I came to know him there as carrying on a foundry business in Ashby. With the discovery of gold at Ballarat started off almost of the working people, as well as of all other classes of the male population. Mr Oddie arrived in Ballarat I believe on or about September 1st 1851. My three comrades and I arrived October 1st 1851 – among the many thousands soon gathered within a mile or so of Golden Point – my friend Oddie and I often met. I returning to Geelong after a year mining – my friend on the other hand remaining at Ballarat ever since – a marvellous record, and I am sure his life has been one of unique value to your City in many ways, - his age (87) naturally prepared me for his call home – and only two mails before the news came I received from him on of his kindly chatty letters in which amongst other things – he referred with pleasure to having received from me two 10 x 12 photos – one being of my model and that he was arranging to have it placed in a shop window in your city. I am interested in the fact of your having known each of my three comrades of 1851/52. It was J.M. Garrett and I who got permission to conduct public Sunday morning service in their large Marquee – used all the week for issue of Licenses in the absence of any church buildings, and it being on wet Sundays impossible to have services as usual under the trees – Ballarat then was more like a Gentleman’s Park – than bush country – but the axe soon did its work – and all were felled for our cooking, and hencewith to make our kindling etc. Shafting of holes not being at first done because too shallow – our deepest (at Eureka) was only 115 ft. Bendigo I hear had now mines of 4,000 ft in depth (deeper than our tin or coal mines here). I fortunately have, in excellent state of preservation, my last of 12 licenses dated October 1 1852 and have recently purchased here a Miner’s Right dated 1864, to that when explaining on matters re Gold Licensing I can show sample of each. With kind regards Believe me Yours sincerely Walter M. Hitchcock Geelong June 20/11 Dear Sir, By rail to day through Messrs Bannister I send the model of miner’s tent packed in a case 50 donated by my brother Captain Walter M. Hitchcock of London. This model was made by my brother and represents the tent he worked in on the Ballarat Gold Fields in the year 1851 or 2. In a separate parcel a few extras omitted from the case. Please send me receipts in duplicate, one for my brother, the other for the Customs, Geelong, as being donated to your institution, after some little correspondence it was admitted [??] any payment for duty. You probably have my brother’s address and would like to acknowledge its arrival, direct. I hope it is in good order. I did not open it for show in Geelong, as there would be less risk of breakage on repacking. With kind remembrances. I am Yours Faithfully Geo. M. Hitchcock. A Mr G. F. B. Sharick who is living near my home called in to see my model – he said he knew FM [Fred Martell] and was lately at Ballaratballarat school of mines, frederick martell, fred martell, james oddie, walter m hitchcock, walter hitchcock, f m garratt, george hitchcock, hitchcock, golden point, gold discovery, j m garrett, gold license, j.m. garrett, t.m. hall, george m. hitchcock, f.m. garratt, walter m. hitchcock

Pocket size book of blue colour ix, [54] p. : ill., mapsnon-fictionIn 1942, the United States issued Instructions for American Servicemen in Australia as a quick guide to Australia's people, politics, history and culture for Americans stationed there during the Second World War. It was one of several similar sets of instructions put together by the US government to help its soldiers, sailors and airmen adjust to life abroad. 1942, american soldiers, australia

The following are the recollections of John Elkins, who started school in February, 1945 at Maryborough in Queensland, Australia. 'I think in Prep 1 that we had some paper to write on with pencils, but my memory of the routine use of slates is much more vivid. Each slate was framed in wood and one side was inscribed with lines to guide the limits for the upper and lower extremities of letters. The slate "pencils" were made of some pale gray mineral softer than slate which had been milled into cylinders some one-eighth of an inch in diameter and inserted into metal holders so that about an inch protruded. Each student was equipped with a small tobacco tin in which was kept a damp sponge or cloth to erase the marks. Sharpening slate pencils was a regular task. We rubbed them on any suitable brick or concrete surface in the school yard. Teachers also kept a good supply of spares, all writing materials and books being provided by the school. It is possible that the retention of slates stemmed from the political imperative that public education should be free. I do recall being given a Copy Book for home practice of letter formation, a typical practice until Grade 6. The tables at which we used to sit in the Infant School were replaced in the primary Grades by long desks seating five or six pupils. These had slots into which the slates could be inserted vertically. When the teacher asked the class to clear their desks, the command issued was "slates away!" This was an occasion for a noisy expression of relief as we dropped the slates producing a sound not unlike a volley of rifle shots, and usually brought a request from the teacher to repeat the process with no noise by holding the frames throughout. Thus, I suspect we may still have used slates in Grade Three, though by then paper, which may have been scarce during the War, seemed to be used more routinely.' The full context of John's account of writing during his primary school days can be found at: https://www.readinghalloffame.org/sites/default/files/history_of_literacy_22slates_away22_penmanship_in_queensland_australia.pdfSchool desks and benches/chairs have been in use in schools since formal group education started.Eight long school desks (five higher three lower), each with four inkwells and groove along length. eight school benches (five higher three lower). Each desk and bench accommodates four children.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Bella Guerin was born on 23 April 1858, at Williamstown, Victoria. She studied at home to matriculate in 1878, and then gained her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne in 1883, becoming the first woman to graduate from an Australian university; she followed this with a Master of Arts in 1885. She taught at Loreto Convent, Ballarat, urging the establishment of higher education scholarships to produce ‘a band of noble thoughtful women as a powerful influence for good’. She married an elderly poet, Henry Halloran, who died shortly afterwards leaving her with a young son, Henry. She returned to teaching and from the mid-1890s frequented suffragist circles. A second marriage in 1909 to George D’Arcie Lavender was also short lived. Bella Guerin was vice-president of the Women’s Political Association from 1912–14 and co-authored Vida Goldstein’s 1913 Senate election pamphlet. However, dual membership of the non-party feminist camp and the Labor Party was prohibited by the latter in 1914, so from that date she campaigned for the Victorian Socialist Party and the Women’s Socialist League, speaking out on a range of controversial issues. She led the Labor Women’s Anti-Conscription Fellowship during the 1916 referendum campaign. In 1918, as vice-president of the Labor Party’s Women’s Central Organising Committee, she caused controversy by describing Labor women as ‘performing poodles and packhorses’ who were used for fundraising but under-represented in policy decisions—and she was right. Bella died in Adelaide on 26 July 1923 of cirrhosis of the liver and is remembered for her idealism, her oratory skills and her commitment to equity for women. Black and white photograph copy print of Bella Halloran (nee Guerin) with her son Henry. .2) Photograph that has been removed from displaybella guerin, bella halloran, henry halloran, julia margaret guerin, feminist, university women

Bella Guerin was born on 23 April 1858, at Williamstown, Victoria. She studied at home to matriculate in 1878, and then gained her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne in 1883, becoming the first woman to graduate from an Australian university; she followed this with a Master of Arts in 1885. She taught at Loreto Convent, Ballarat, urging the establishment of higher education scholarships to produce ‘a band of noble thoughtful women as a powerful influence for good’. She married an elderly poet, Henry Halloran, who died shortly afterwards leaving her with a young son, Henry. She returned to teaching and from the mid-1890s frequented suffragist circles. A second marriage in 1909 to George D’Arcie Lavender was also short lived. Bella Guerin was vice-president of the Women’s Political Association from 1912–14 and co-authored Vida Goldstein’s 1913 Senate election pamphlet. However, dual membership of the non-party feminist camp and the Labor Party was prohibited by the latter in 1914, so from that date she campaigned for the Victorian Socialist Party and the Women’s Socialist League, speaking out on a range of controversial issues. She led the Labor Women’s Anti-Conscription Fellowship during the 1916 referendum campaign. In 1918, as vice-president of the Labor Party’s Women’s Central Organising Committee, she caused controversy by describing Labor women as ‘performing poodles and packhorses’ who were used for fundraising but under-represented in policy decisions—and she was right. Bella died in Adelaide on 26 July 1923 of cirrhosis of the liver and is remembered for her idealism, her oratory skills and her commitment to equity for women. Duplicate photograph of Julia Margaret (Bella) Guerin the first woman graduate of The University of Melbourne, B.A. 1883, M.A. 1885, The original is held by Melbourne University Archives. bella guerin, bella halloran, julia margaret guerin, university of melbourne, graduation, feminist, university women

Field Marshal Viscount Kitchener of Great Britain was invited by Prime Minister Deakin in 1909 to visit Australia and advise on the best way to provide Australia with a land defence. Kitchener’s report echoed the bill, introduced to Parliament in 1909 and supported by the Opposition Labor Party at its 1908 conference, to introduce compulsory military training in peace time (referred to as universal training). On 1 January 1911, the Commonwealth Defence Act 1911 (Cth) was passed as law and all males aged 12 to 26 were required to receive military training. Men were divided according to age, with junior cadets comprising boys 12-14 years of age, senior cadets comprising boys 14-18, and young men aged 18-26 assigned to the home militia defence. The support of schools was vital to the success of the scheme, since the system of cadet training began in the primary schools, with physical training prescribed by military authorities. Junior cadet training was entirely in the hands of school teachers, who had first been trained by military officers. This early training was less military in nature than focused on physical drill and sport. It also acted to inculcate boys with the notions of loyalty to country and empire. At this age, uniforms were not worn, although there were schools with pre-existing uniformed cadet units, who continued to do so. Senior Cadets were organised by Training Areas, administered by Area Officers. If a school had at least 60 senior cadets, they could form their own units. Unlike their junior counterparts, Senior Cadets were issued uniforms, a rifle, and learned the foundations necessary for service in any arm of the defence forces. Boys and men could be exempted from compulsory training if they lived more than five miles from the nearest training site, or were passed medically unfit. Those who failed to register for training were punished with fines or jail sentences, and the severity of this punishment generated some of the strongest opposition to the scheme. While institutions such as the political parties and most churches generally supported universal training, some in the broader labour movement were less enthusiastic, as evidenced in the Daily Herald newspaper’s editorials and letters. Universal military training persisted after the conclusion of World War 1, with the Junior Cadet scheme the first to go, in 1922. Senior cadets and service with the militia was suspended in November 1929. (http://guides.slsa.sa.gov.au/content.php?pid=575383&sid=4788359, accessed 29/10/2015) According to Neil Leckie, Manager of the Ballarat Ranger Military Museum: * Originally 12 – 14 year olds went to Junior Cadets attached to their school. * From age 14 – 17 they were Senior Cadets attached to the local militia unit. * After 1 July of the year a Cadet turned 18, the Cadet left the Senior Cadets and became a member of the Citizen Military Force. * In October 1918 the AIF, Militia and Cadets were renamed to give some connection to the AIF battalion raised in the area. Ballarat saw: 8th Australian Infantry Regiment comprising: * 8th Battalion AIF renamed 1st Battalion 8th Australian Infantry Regiment * 70th Infantry Militia renamed 2nd Battalion 8th Australian Infantry Regiment * 70th Infantry Cadets renamed 3rd B, 8th Australian Infantry. 39th Australian Infantry Regiment comprising: * 39th Battalion AIF renamed 1st Battalion 39th Australian Regiment * 71st Infantry Militia renamed 2nd Bn, 39th Australian Infantry Regiment * 71st Infantry Cadets renamed 3rd Bn, 39th Australian Infantry Regiment Prior to the reorganisation in 1918 the 18th Brigade was the 70th, 71st and 73rd Infantry. It is thought that the 18th Brigade Cadet units in 1920 were those that came from the old: * 69th Infantry (Geelong/Queenscliff) * 70th Infantry (Ballarat/Colac) * 71st Infantry (Ballarat West) * 72nd Infantry Warrnambool) * 73rd Infantry (NW Vic) The next name change came in 1921!Mounted sepia photograph of 21 young males. They are the Ballarat School of Mines Cadets on a training camp at Lake Learmonth. Back row left to right: Harold Wakeling; ? ; T. Wasley; H. Witter; H.V. Maddison (staff); Lieutenant S.J. Proctor, Joe ? ; ? ; B.C. Burrows. Centre left to right: Howard Beanland; ? ; F.N. Gibbs; H. Siemering; P. Riley; ? : E. Adamthwaite. Front row left to right: Albert E. Williams; Francis Davis (RAAF Dec.); A. Miller; W. Shattock; T. Rees From the Ballarat School of Mines Magazine, 1916 "Our Competition Team, 1916 At a parade, held on the 25th August competition teams were called from from the three colleges - Ballarat College, St Patrick's College, and the School of Mines. In each case, a large muster was obtained, twenty-nine volunteering fro the School of Mines. On account of the number in a team being limited to 21, some had to be weeded out. The team decided to have a camp at Learmonth in the vacation for the benefit of training for the coming competitions. The tents, within our baggage, were brought to the Junior Technical School at 10 a.m. on Monday, 11 September. Everything was carted to the station on a lorry, which was very kindly lent by Mr C. Burrow. ... Arriving at our camp, which was in the Park, we first raised the tents. This was done in record time. Three large tents, A.B.C., were pitched one behind the other. We also pitched a smaller one to act as a provisions tent. The provisions supplied by each cadet were placed in this tent. Dinner was ready by 3.30, and was prepared by the three senior non-coms., who also acted as orderlies. Things went alright Monday night, the two senior non-coms. acting as sentries for the first two hours. On Tuesday morning Reville sounded at 7. There was no need for it, however, as nearly all the cadets were up before daylight, owing to their beds being too hard. After physical exercises were gone through we had breakfast. We then had rifle exercises until Messrs A.W. Steane and F.N. King arrived. The former put the team through the table of physical exercises set down for competition work, many valuable points being obtained. The visitors remained for dinner, afterwards returning to Ballarat. Wednesday was uneventful, until the soldiers arrived at about 11 a.m., stopping at the park for lunch. As we handed over the coppers, etc., to them, our lunch was delayed. Two more visitors arrived after lunch, and after taking a few photos returned home. That night we had a "Sing-a-long" in C Tent until "Lights out" sounded at 9.30. After physical exercises ad breakfast on Thursday, we went for a six mile route march round the lake, doing skirmishing on the way. In the afternoon we practised rifle exercises and the march past. A concert was arranged for that night, the chief singers being cadets H. Siemering and W. Shattock. Supper was served at the end of the entertainment. On Friday, Reveille sounded at 6.30 instead of 7, and, as usual, we had physical exercises before breakfast, after which the team went through skirmishing at the reserve. In the afternoon, section drill and the march past were practised. Friday night, being our last night in camp, leave was granted until 10 p.m., "lights out" sounding at 11. Reveille sounded on Saturday at 4.30, the reason being that all kits, tents, etc., had to be packed away ready to catch the 8.15 train to Balalrat. At 7.30 we were all ready to leave for the station. We had a very enjoyable time in the train, each cadet having a chip in at the patriotic songs. On arriving at Ballarat, we found the lorry awaiting us. The luggage was carted to the Junior Technical School, the team following. The team were here dismissed, everyone feeling that he had had a very good time. F.G. Davis"Written in ink on front 'cadet camp at Lake Learmonth about 1916. Training for South Street Competitions. ballarat school of mines, cadets, ballarat school of mines cadets, lake learmonth, world war one, boomerang, camp, cadet camp, h.g. wakeling, harold wakeling, f.g. davis, albert w. steane, f.n. king, h. siermering, w. shattock, francis davis, harold wakeling, t. wasley, h. witter, h.v. maddison, s.j. proctor, b.c. burrows, howard beanland, f.n. gibbs, h. siemering, p. riley, e. adamthwaite, albert e. williams; francis davis, a. miller, w. shattock, t. rees, photography, foto, boxing gloves

The Japanese government-issued Oceanian Pound was one of several issues of Japanese invasion money used during World War II. Consisting of only four denominations, the Oceanian Pound was the shortest set (i.e., total number of denominations) issued. Geographically, the region of Oceania comprises numerous islands across the vast South and Central Pacific which includes the islands of New Zealand.[1] Certain descriptions may or may not include Australia.[2] Oceania has also been defined by island groupings: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.[1][3] However, from a numismatic perspective (i.e., the issuance of Japanese invasion money), Oceania consisted of the occupied territories of Guam, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Caroline Islands, Marianas Islands, Solomon Islands, Palau, and the now defunct Territory of New Guinea.[4] [5] Although officially called "Oceania" the region was considered a financial and currency union under Japanese colonial dominion that included several political jurisdictions rather than a single polity.A blue coloured paper note with picture of fruit and an island beach on the front.On the front reads "Japanese Government One Shilling" and on the reverse the number 1. On the front in red are the letters "OC".money, paper, currency, japanese, wwii, japan, oceania, shilling, one, occupation, japanese government, blue

The Works of Horace Author: James Lonsdale and Samuel Lee Publisher: Macmillan And Co Date: 1890 Further Information: non-fictionThe original author of this work was Quintus Horatius Flaccus, one of the leading Roman lyric poets during the time of Augustus Caesar (1st century BCE). This volume features the complete surviving works of Horace, rendered entirely into English prose. It includes his famous Odes, or lyrical poems, as well as his earlier poems on politics and social issues of the time. It also features his Satires, which offer humorous commentaries on Roman life, and his Epistles, or letters in verse, which include his highly influential work on literary criticism, the Ars Poetica (or The Art of Poetry).flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the works of horace, samuel lee, james lonsdale, latin translated text

Contarini Fleming: A Psychological Romance - and - The Rise of Iskander Author: Benjamin Disraeli (Right Honorable B. Disraeli) Publisher: Longmans Green & Co., London Date: 1871 (new edition) Black cloth hardcover book with embossed gold text on the spine. Inscriptions include stickers, stamps and handwriting. fictionThis specific book brings together two distinct works written early in the career of one of Victorian Britain's most fascinating political and literary figures. The subject 1871 volume is Volume VII of the first major "Collected Edition" of Disraeli's novels and tales issued by Longmans, Green & Co. The first novel, Contarini Fleming, published in 1832, is an intensely autobiographical, romantic and experimental work. It follows the development of a young man, Contarini Fleming, the son of a Scandinavian nobleman and an Italian mother. The story charts his emotional and artistic growth as he struggles with his identity, travels across Europe and the Levant, and attempts to become a poet. It explores the inner consciousness, imagination and the formation of a creative mind which is why Disraeli subtitled it a "Psychological Romance".flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, pattison collection, ralph eric pattison, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, warrnambool library, free library, corangamite regional library service, longmans green and co. london, benjamin disraeli, queen victoria's friend, longmans green & co, earl of beaconsfield, british politician, british prime minister, contarini fleming, psychological romance, the rise of iskander, right honourable b. disraeli, 1871

The Works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan Author: Richard Brinsley Sheridan Publisher: Chatto and Windus Date: 1874 Editor: Francis Edward StainforthfictionRichard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816) was an Irish-born playwright, impresario, wit, and prominent Whig politician. He was a dazzling figure in late 18th-century London high society. The book, The Works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, edited by Francis Stainforth, is an omnibus collection showcasing the full breadth of his career. The volume opens with a substantial biographical introduction (the "memoir"). It traces Sheridan's meteoric rise from an impoverished Irish theater family to the heights of Parliament and Westminster Abbey, balanced against his chaotic personal finances and battles with alcoholism. Rather than just printing his famous plays, this single-volume edition compiles his complete theatrical catalog (The Rivals, The School for Scandal, The Duenna, The Critic, Pizarro, etc.). Also included are his lesser-known verse, prologues written for the theater, classical translations, a selection of his most famous parliamentary orations, and fragments of plays and essays he never completed. The addition of a collection on “ANA,” noted on the book's flyleaf, refers to a 19th-century publishing term for a collection of anecdotes, memorable sayings, table-talk, and biographical trivia regarding a famous person. The "Sheridaniana" section in this book compiles the sharp-witted jokes, pranks, and clever remarks Sheridan made throughout his life.flagstaff hil, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the works of richard brinsley sheridan, richard brinsley sheridan, f stainforth, plays, drama

Bound Compilation, The Graphic Illustrated Newspaper Vol 38 Author: Various, Publisher: Edward Joseph Mansfield 1888 Date: 1888 Reddish hardcover with a damaged browns spine, reinforced corners to hardcover gold edging to spine. non-fictionTo understand exactly what this item is, it helps to clear up a common misconception: it is not a book, nor is it a traditional literary novel. Instead, it is a bound volume of The Graphic, a weekly British newspaper that ran from 1869 to 1932. Because newspapers back then were flimsy, readers or libraries would collect six months' worth of weekly issues and have them custom-bound into a hardback volume for preservation.flagstaff hil, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the graphic illustrated newspaper vol 38, edward joseph mansfield

Bound Compilation, The Graphic Illustrated Newspaper Vol 58 Author: Various, Publisher: Edward Joseph Mansfield 1898 Date: 1898 Reddish hardcover with a damaged browns spine, reinforced corners to hardcover gold edging to spine. non-fictionTo understand exactly what this item is, it helps to clear up a common misconception: it is not a book, nor is it a traditional literary novel. Instead, it is a bound volume of The Graphic, a weekly British newspaper that ran from 1869 to 1932. Because newspapers back then were flimsy, readers or libraries would collect six months' worth of weekly issues and have them custom-bound into a hardback volume for preservation.flagstaff hil, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the graphic illustrated newspaper vol 58, edward joseph mansfield

Barnaby Rudge. Author: Charles Dickens. Publisher: Collins, Clear Type Press (London & Glasgow) Date: Mid 20th Century. (See note section this document for more information on Edition). Red leather hardcover with title on front on paper with a dark red spine and lettering in gold. The spine has a Library label.fictionCharles Dickens (1812–1870) was one of the great English novelists of the Victorian era, famous for vivid characters, social criticism, and stories that were first published in serial form. He began as a journalist, rose to enormous popularity during his lifetime, and wrote major works such as Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, and Great Expectations. Barnaby Rudge is a historical Dickens novel set against the Gordon Riots of 1780, mixing mystery, political unrest, family secrets, and the story of a simple minded young man, Barnaby, and his pet raven Grip. It is considered Dickens’s first historical novel and one of his less widely read works, but it remains important for its treatment of mob violence and social disorder. The novel begins with a murder mystery linked to the Haredale and Rudge families, then broadens into the chaos of the anti Catholic Gordon Riots in London. Barnaby, an innocent and impressionable character, is drawn into the riotous crowd. Other threads involve love, family conflict, imprisonment, and eventual reckoning. Dickens uses the riot setting to show how crowd panic and prejudice can spread destructively through society.book, the old curiosity shop, charles dickens, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, warrnambool, maritime-museum, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, great ocean road

Brochure issued by the Institute of Public Affairs prior to the 1949 Australian federal election criticising the Labor government policy of bank nationalisation.The Australian Labor Party's bank nationalisation policy was strenuously opposed by conservative parties and organisations, and probably was a significant factor in its loss of the 1949 federal election.Leaflet 4 p. printed in black on white paperinstitute of public affairs (n.s.w), australian labor party, bank nationalisation, politics

The Loyal Orange Institution of Victoria was established in 1843. As a society composed of Protestants, it works to support and defend the Protestant faith. The Institution is named in honour of King William III, Prince of Orange (1650-1702) and his achievements for civil and religious liberty. The first Orange Lodge in Victoria was founded in 1843, following a sectarian protest in Elizabeth Street Melbourne over the election of a Protestant candidate to the Legislative Council. By the 1890s there were 169 branches in Victoria, engaged in political lobbying for mainstream Protestant issues like temperance, Sunday observance, opposition to state aid for church schools, and opposition to any expansion of the political influence of Roman Catholics. The monthly meetings had an element of secrecy, as members wore regalia and followed a simple ritual. No Catholics could join. Women were admitted to Lodges in 1903.Single-sided sheet printed in blue ink containing program details. Decorative title at top of page, with central image of cavalier on rearing horse within a decorative ribbon and floral border, containing a Protestant oath. Loyal Orange Institution of Victoria "True Blues" Lodge Annual Tea and Entertainment Programmeloyal orange institution, protestant, societies, religion

The City of Moorabbin Historical Society was formed c 1960 by a group of Moorabbin residents who were concerned that the history of the area should be preserved. A good response to a call for items related to the historical area of Moorabbin Shire brought donations of a wide variety of artefacts which are now preserved by the current members of CMHS at Box Cottage Museum . Helen Stanley, Secretary of CMHS, began producing a Newsletter for members in April 2007 to provide current information and well researched items of historical interest. Helen Stanley has produced a bi-monthly Newsletter, 2007 - 2013, for the members of the City of Moorabbin Historical Society that contains well researched interesting historical items, notification of upcoming events, current advice from Royal Australian Historical Society , Museums Australia Victoria and activities of Local Historical Societies. The Newsletter is an important record of the activities of the CMHS. Tom Sheehy, past President of CMHS, was an Historian and Author of 'Battlers tamed a Sandbelt'.A4 paper printed both sides x1. Issue 4 of the bi-monthly, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter produced by Society member and Secretary, Mrs Helen Stanley in October 2007 Dr G Whitehead’s talk on October 28 has been cancelled because the official ‘Re-opening of Joyce Park’ will be at 2pm that day and large crowds are expected. More volunteers at Box Cottage will also be needed that day. The excerpt from the CMHS Newsletter of March 1963 by Tom Sheehy, President, continues with ‘Higinbotham and the reshaping political scene of 1890’s’ CITY of MOORABBIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY / OCTOBER 2007 NEWSLETTERcity of moorabbin historical society, stanley helen, melbourne, moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, ormond, bentleigh, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin shire, sheehy tom, whitehead dr graham, lawson bob, bent tommy, higinbotham george, deakin alfred, box cottage museum, joyce park ormond

Catherine Helen Spence (31 October 1825 – 3 April 1910) was a Scottish-born Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician and leading suffragette. Her family moved to South Australia in 1839. In 1897 she became Australia's first female political candidate after standing (unsuccessfully) for the Federal Convention held in Adelaide. Given the epitaph "Grand Old Woman of Australasia", Spence was commemorated on the Australian 5 dollar note issued for the Centenary of Federation of Australia. She was one of the prime movers, with C. Emily Clark (sister of John Howard Clark), of the "Boarding-out Society". This organization had as its aim the placing of destitute children, who would otherwise be sent to "Industrial School", into approved families. She was an advocate of Thomas Hare's scheme for proportional representation, at one stage considering this issue more pressing than that of woman suffrage.This doll is used as an educational toy to help visitors imagine life c1900An antique copy china doll representing Catherine Spence. The Doll has dark brown hair with a head scarf decorated with flowers and a navy blue dress with white cuffs and collar. dolls, spence catherine, suffragettes, politics, authors, orphanages, child care

History of The English Revolution of 1640 From the Accession of Charles 1 to his Death Author: F. Guizot, translated by William Hazitt Publisher: David Bogue Date: 1854non-fictionThis 1854 William Hazlitt translated edition is a later reissue, not the original first edition. The work is historically important because Guizot treats the English Civil War as a major turning point in the broader development of constitutional government and European political history. The subject 1854 copy records show the English translation appeared before 1854, with editions by D. Bogue in 1846 and 1848, and the 1854 David Bogue issue is another later edition. The 1854 title page in digitised copies also identifies it as a “new edition” in one-volume form, which further indicates it is a later printing rather than the first. warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, shipwrecked-artefact, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, great ocean road, history of the english revolution of 1640, f. guizot, william hazitt

Issue of severance of Phillip Island from the Shire of Phillip Island and Woolamai to become Shire of Phillip Island 1925-1929. This issue had strong opinions on both sides amongst Island residents and shows the political landscape of the times. This is a snapshot of life on Phillip Island in the 1920s. Book also contains notes, poem by D.H. Robb in his handwriting.HistoricalGreen exercise book with handwritten notes, articles from newspapers, pamphlets.Cover states D.H.Robb, Cowes. Lists of absentee ratepayers and householders, objectors,d.h.robb, severance of phillip island, local government, w.d.davie, akt sambell, women's progress association, phillip island early roads, phillip island valuations, local identities, reverend rath, tourism, phillip island 1920s, farming