Document in black and gold frame. Meritorious Unit Commendation awarded by US Army on 4/7/91 to 1st Battalion RAR for service in Vietnam 1965-1966US Army logo, Seal of US Armyframed document, 1st battalion rar, meritous unit commendation

an original painting of Jim Bourke. There are two images of Jim, one as a young soldier and the second in later years dressed in a suit and bow tie. Jim Bourke served with 1st battalion RAR 1965painting, vietnam lest we forget, 1st battalion rar

Framed document of Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm Citation awarded to 1st Battalion RAR for Gallantry in support of US 173rd Airborne Brigade from May 1965 to June 1966. Presented by Nguyen Cao Ky ( PM 1965-67) + VP (68-71) dated May 14 1996Cross of Gallantry with Palm. Airborne Patch1st battalion rar, 173rd airborne brigade, nguyen cao ky, noble bill

1st Battalion RARplaque, army

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.A black and white photograph of Diggers of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, peer nervously ahead as they come under NVA/VC sniper fire during Operation Goodwood. The diggers had been pinned down and their advances held up by very accurate sniper fire from trees ahead of them.photograph, operation goodwood, gibbons collection catalogue, 1st battalion rar, 1st battalion, royal australian regiment, nva/vietcong, diggers, sniper fire, denis gibbons

The 2002 Chief of Army's Military History Conference.Vietnam was Australia's longest war, and among its most controversial and devisive.australian army, vietnam war, 7th battalion, the royal australian regiment, 2nd battalion royal australian regiment, 1st battalion rar, australian task force - vietnam, anzac battalion, president kennedy, us military

The 2002 Chief of Army's Military History Conference.Vietnam was Australia's longest war, and among its most controversial and devisive.australian army, vietnam war, 7th battalion, the royal australian regiment, 2nd battalion royal australian regiment, 1st battalion rar, australian task force - vietnam, anzac battalion, president kennedy, us military

Private Horne was originally buried in Terendak Cemetery, Malaysia in 1966 and Re-intered at Sydney War Cemetery, Rockwood NSW on the 3rd June 2016.1st battalion rar, private neville wayne horne, terendak cemetery - malaysia, royal australian infantry corps, operation crimp, binh duong province

To commemorate the award of the Meritorious Unit Commendation - United States Army on 4 July 1991 to The 1st Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment Group for service in South Vietnam (1965-1966)The award is on a blue background with golden border and 17 medals around it.To commemorate the award of the Meritorious Unit Commendation - United States Army on 4 July 1991 to The 1st Battalion. The Royal Australian Regiment Group for service in South Vietnam (1965-1966)1 rar, united states army, 1st battalion rar, meritorious unit commendation, the royal australian regiment

A folded blue flag with embroidered emblem of 1st Battalion that has a kangaroo standing in front of two long gunsand text belows "Duty-First - Royal Australian Regiment"Duty-First Royal Australian Regiment (inscription) Flag 1 Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment One of several unit flags flown at Nui Dat during the first and second tours of Vietnam by the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (description)flag, 1st battalion rar

This is a photograph of Francis Patrick (Pat) Burgess, journalist, who travelled to South Vietnam with the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. He recorded the experiences of 6 Platoon, `B’ Company. This image was taken by Sgt Bill Noble, who served in 1 RAR.Black and white photo of a man in uniform in jungle setting holding a camera. He is wearing an army issue hat and a belt with a canteen and a revolver in a holster attached. He is looking at the camera with an amused look on his face. On reverse " Pat Burgess in his "warco gear". Pat attached himself to B Coy 1 RAR on the first tour of 1st Battalion RAR 1965-1966."pat burgess - australian war correspondent, vietnam, 1965-1966, burgess, 1rar, noble, journalist

A copy of a Tribute to Brigadier Colin Khan D.S.O. which was downloaded from the fifth Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment Association website. See media files for more information.brig colin kahn, brigadier colin nicholas khan, 235030, lt col colin nicholas khan, royal australian infantry corps, 5th battalion, royal australian regiment, companion of the distinguished service order, dso, royal military college, duntroon, 1st battalion, 1 rar, wounded in action, battle of binh ba, 5 rar

1st Battalion RAR is a Motorised Battalion of the Australian Army, based out of Townsville. Banner donated by Shane Reynolds of 1 RAR A Coy. PT321635.Large banner, predominately dark blue, large gold and black emblem in centre. Emblem has standing Kangaroo in centre over two crossed rifles. A crown above the Kangaroo who is standing on a base with motto on the base. Below the base is a boomerang with Royal Australian Regiment inscribed. From the end of the boomerang, leaves and fruit of a plant curling up to the crown giving a rough circular configuration. In top left corner numeric of "1" in white. Top right corner a flag emblem in colours of green, blue and green. Left edge of banner has white reinforcement and small plastic hole at top and bottom.Inscribed on base " Duty First" as motto and " Royal Australian Regiment". 1 rar, banner

Item is part of the collection of "Lloyd Farrell" 3796187 1 RAR "C" COY. In photo Lloyd is in back row, first from left.Photograph of C. Company, 1st Battalion of Royal Australian Regiment, all in uniform and in formation of four rows, posed in front of a building at Selarang Garrison, Singapore. Sept 1970.Headed "C COMPANY 1st BATTALION THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN REGIMENT - SELARANG GARRISON - SINGAPORE - SEPT 1970".rar, photograph, butterworth, l. farrell.

1. & 2. Drink Coasters - grey colour hard plastic square shape mat used as a dinner table drink coaster for an anniversary event. Gold colour print on grey background. Illustrated with "FIFTH BATTALION/ RAR ASSOCIATION/ SOUTH VIETNAM 66-67 69-70" with tiger motto and a border decoration on two sides of coaster of international vine leaves. Printed information on front.Information in gold print on coasters, "THE FIFTH BATTALION/ THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN REGIMENT/ ASSOCIATION/ 30th ANNIVERSARY/ Holsworthy Saturday 4th March 1995/ Celebrating/ The Raising of the Battalion/ on the 1st March 1965".memorabilia, fifth battalion, anniversary

The pages shown are a small selection of the Album. Photos cover Skill at Arms, relaxing, socializing, parade ground, weapons display, bush time and The 8th Battalion Colours/on parade. The Album belonged to Graeme Arthur Jones, enlisted on 1.2.1967 in the 1st Intake National Service for that year. He was posted to 1 PL A Coy 2RTB (Recruit Training) Regt No 3790932. After approx 10 weeks he is posted 20 PL E Coy 3 TB (Infantry Training) Singleton for another approx 10 weeks. Finally he would be posted to A Coy 8 RAR. 8 RAR had deployed to Malaya in Oct 1967. Graeme's National Service was completed and he was discharged on 31.1.1969. His service with 8 RAR in Malaya was 1 year 93 days. A number of people have been identified in the album by a former A Coy Member. In one photo: Sgt Ebner, Barry Popworth, R Venables, George Newton. On an other photo has Keith Boase. This is the first item in a much larger collection which will cover from the initial paperwork regarding National Service to enlistment, training, Malaya, photographs, documents, webbing and equipment, pay to discharge documents, taxation and re establishment documents among many..1) Photograph album, colour cover with B & W photographs inside, each page has a tissue piece in between. .2) A plain brown cardboard cover that the album was purchased with.album, photographs, 8 rar, national service

Letter written to Mrs Reidy by her son Paul's Section Commander BRUCE D SCOTT. It details the circumstances of PAUL REIDY'S death in Vietnam on 25.5.1969. It was during “Operation Reynella” around the Long Hai Mountains. Paul Francis Reidy (born Bendigo) No 3793403. A National Serviceman Paul served Vietnam first in 1 ARU from 24.2.1969 - 17.3.1969 and then posted to B Coy 9 RAR 18.3.1969 until his death. Bruce Donaldson Scott No 213485. Australian Regular Army served Vietnam first in 1 ARU from 10.3.1969 - 1.4.1969 and then posted to B Coy 9 RAR 2.4.1969 until being Medivaced home on 2.6.1969. 1 ARU (1st Australian Reinforcement Unit) 9 RAR (9th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment) Refer 1189.5, 2224, 2237.2P re Paul Reidy. Copy of typed two page letter on A4 paper from BRUCE D SCOTT to Mrs Reidy.documents - letters, military history

1st Battalion Australia is an Infantry Battalion of the Australian Army. The 1st Battalion can be traced back to 1854 as a unit of Volunteer Rifles raised in New South Wales. The Battalion was active during periods 1914-1919, 1921-1930 and 1957-1971. The Battalion is still in existence as the 1st/19th Battalion Royal NSW Regiment.The Plaque is an original.Wooden Plaque, tri shadark brown background, ?metal blue plaque with the RAR Badge, 1st Battalion underneath the badge, Red US Badge for Commendation.RAR, !st Battalion

On 23 April, the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR), under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Bruce Ferguson, and the 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, occupied prominent hills on either side of the seven-kilometre-wide valley, where a small tributary joined the Kapyong River. Also forward were headquarters units, tanks and artillery. The 1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, were to the rear. Early in the evening, retreating South Koreans streamed past the Commonwealth position, with Chinese forces closely intermingled. Soon afterwards a platoon of American tanks supporting 3 RAR was overrun. The Kapyong valley was too large an area to defend with the forces available, and the brigade was spread very thinly. Throughout the night the Chinese repeatedly pressed the Australian positions, attacking in waves over their own dead and wounded. At dawn, A Company, under the command of Major Bernard "Ben" O'Dowd, found that the Chinese had infiltrated its position, but a counter-attack was able to eject them. Meanwhile B Company, which had spent the night on a hill near the riiver, discovered Chinese occupying some old bunkers on a small knoll. Hand-to-hand fighting ensued with grenades and bayonets. C Company, under the command of Captain Reg Saunders, was in position to reinforce both A and B Companies. "Major O'Dowd then directed the radio operator to contact anyone. The American 1st Marine Division answered but their operator refused to believe who our operator was speaking for. Major O'Dowd took the phone and demanded to speak to the commanding officer. The general in charge of the [Marine] division came on the phone and told O'Dowd we didn't exist as we had been wiped out the night before. Major O'Dowd said, 'I've got news for you, we are still here and we are staying here.'" Private Patrick Knowles, 3 RAR, on the morning of 24 April 1951 Fighting continued throughout the day with the Australians holding their positions, and the Chinese also engaging D Company. But late on 24 April, with their position now untenable, the Australians were forced into a fighting withdrawal down a ridge to the valley, where they rejoined the brigade. Their withdrawal was supported by New Zealand artillery from the 16th Field Regiment. Having found the Canadian position unassailable, the Chinese made no further attacks. By the afternoon of 25 April the road through to the Canadians had been cleared of Chinese and 2 PPCLI was relieved by US Army units. On Anzac Day 1951, the Australians rested after a long fight. Thirty-two Australians were killed and 53 were wounded for their part in stalling the Chinese advance and preventing Seoul from falling into enemy hands. Lieutenant Colonel Bruce Ferguson was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his skilful leadership, and the Australian and Canadian battalions both received United States Presidential Distinguished Unit Citations for their part in the battle. http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/korea/operations/kapyong/Print of painting of action in Kapyong Korea in wooden frame under glassDonated by Frank Arnold on behalf of Korean Veterans Association of Australia inc.korea, kapyong, 3rar

2.v. Ill, index, maps, p.274non-fictionTwo volume set. Volume 1 is descriptive of the ANZAC Battilion in 1967-1968 and the second of maps.vietnam - pictorial works, vietnam war - 1961-1975 - australian participation

Three piece banner. 1st and 3rd parts show coloured RAR badge. 2nd part depicts sheeps' head mascot superimposed on roman numeral nine. The words 9th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment in burgundy with yellow writing at bannerbanner, 9 rar

Honours, awards, decorations:-/ Mention in Dispatches (MID) Pte B.C. Arthur, Pte R.A. Bourne, Sgt T.H, Cross, 2Lt I. Jones, Maj L.J. Lewis, Maj W. MAudio, C Donald, Cpl M.A.G. rose, Maj J.A. Sheldrick, Maj J Mcl. Stewart, Sgt J.S. VautinMaroon board with yellow and white print. There are four awards/medals mentioned, each of which is underlined with a yellow line. Recipients of awards are listed with Rank, Name and position/company.Honours, awards, decorations:-/ Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO),Lt Col. A. L. Morrison, MBE/Military Cross (MC), Maj E.A. Chitham, Lt P.J. Cosgrove,/ Military Medal (MM), Pte D.J, Cromb, Cpl C. Hammond, L/Cpl A.G.S. Ochiltree, Cpl A.P.P. Rae, Pte G.D. Salmon, Cpl P Snell, L/Cpl T.R. Whitton,/ Mention in Dispatches (MID) Pte B.C. Arthur, Pte R.A. Bourne, Sgt T.H, Cross, 2Lt I. Jones, Maj L.J. Lewis, Maj W. MAudio, C Donald, Cpl M.A.G. rose, Maj J.A. Sheldrick, Maj J Mcl. Stewart, Sgt J.S. Vautin9 rar, honour board, companion of the distinguished service order, dso, member of the order of the british empire (mbe), lt col alan lindsay morrison, 2508, royal australian infantry corps, 9th battalion, the royal australian regiment, military cross, mc, maj edward albert chitham, 235140, officer commanding, b company, lt peter john cosgrove, 235341, 1 australian reinforcement unit, headquarters, 1st australian task force, military medal, mm, pte douglas john cromb, l/cpl douglas john cromb, 3792885, australian national serviceman, 10 platoon, d company, cpl colin hammond, 214044, 1 platoon, a company, l/cpl andrew gordon stuart ochiltree, 39324, section commander, 8 platoon, c company, cpl allen patrick paul rae, 216899, royal australian army medical corps, raamc medical assistant, pte gregory donald salmon, 2788882, machine gunner, 2 section, 7 platoon, cpl peter snell, 39397, l/cpl trevor robert whitton, 217749, 12 platoon, mention in dispatches, mid, pte barry charles arthur, 39601, stretcher bearers, pte raymond arthur bourne, 1733972, gunner, anti-tank platoon, sgt thomas henry cross, 54454, platoon sergeant, 2lt ian jones, 1201040, 3 platoon, maj lawrence john lewis, 26351, maj (temp) william mcdonald, 335122, medal for gallantry, cpl (temp) mark ardroy greffield rose, 39532, maj john arthur sheldrick, 335088, operations officer, support company, maj (temp) warwick louis hunt smith, 53024, maj john melville stewart, 4899, sgt john stafford vautin, 214185

Four coloured photograph and two black and white Photograph in a black frame. 1969 and present day depicting 1st birthday and return to Australia, final parade, Scotty Burnett, Dougie Crombe (MM), 1st section 10 Platoon, D Coy 9 RAR, 1969.D Coy. D Company Final parade R.T.A. today. D Company Mob 1969 in vietnam and one year later. The Comradery and Mateship continues.d coy, 9 rar, collage, photograph, scotty burnett, dougie crombe, pte nigel moubray burnett, 5715795, royal australian infantry corps, 9th battalion, the royal australian regiment, 9 rar reunion

A white board roll of honour for the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment listing the name and dates of their members who were killed in Vietnam. The first list of names were from 1966-67 and the second list of names were from 1969-70. At the top of the board is the 7RAR insignia5 rar, roll of honour, pte errol wayne noack, 4717546, australian national serviceman, royal australian infantry corps, 5th battalion, the royal australian regiment, killed in action, pte paul charles sullivan, 3786696, pte john robert sweetnam, 215958, maj donald mackenzie bourne, 23916, 1st australian reinforcement unit, cpl brendan francis coupe, 15358, capt robert bruce milligan, 29635, pte leslie thomas farren, 3786921, pte donald murray clark, 5713804, pte robert john lubcke, 42720, pte michael damien poole, 342916, l/cpl marian tomas, 5713739, pte richard wayne sandow, 43496, pte raymond john kennedy, 16196, pte james clifton webster, 5713751, pte graham francis anthony warburton, 3786978, l/cpl george bruce green, 2782127, cpl norman james womal, 15170, lt john carruthers, 36911, pte gordon henry d'antoine, 54865, maj malcolm bruce mcqualter, 235136, mention in dispatches, l/cpl bryan phillip watson, 5713748, pte richard edward lloyd, 2784015, pte erald herman nilsen, 1200083, 2lt kerry patrick rinkin, 217479, pte noel arthur pracy, 216044, cpl george geoffrey gilbert, 14900, pte leslie james pettit, 217961, 2lt brian geoffrey walker, 5411605, l/cpl paul leslie smith, 135494, sgt (acting) bernard lyle smith, 42252, pte hans leonhard muller, 2788085, pte james mungo white, 5715978, 1 australian reinforcement unit, 1st battalion, pte james clyde mcmillan, 3794377, pte geoffrey anthony pike, 218421, pte baron frederick smith, 3793566, pte alexander remeljej, 4719818, pte david john banfield, 6709107, lt erroll john lee, 235328, pte ronald francis connors, 218554, australian army catering corps, pte andrew drummond, 55537, pte matthew philip linton, 1734491, pte peter joseph jackson, 2789790, cpl (temp) henry edward suttor, 218006, pte wayne edward teeling, 2790880, l/cpl michael paul white, 217191, cpl john joseph kennedy, 216304, pte nick john cassano, 5716427, pte anthony edward loughran waring, 5716163, pte barry john thompson, 2789920, pte timothy charles turner, 4720253

A Poster, Information Board on 5 RAR 1st Tour 1966 to 1967. Below a black and white photograph reads: 5 RAR Operation Canberra 6th to 10th October 1966. Lance Corporal Shoebridge and Lance Corporal Bryan supporting Private Riik and Private Birtles securing weapons. Resulting from a booby trap explosion, 7 members of C Company 8 platoon were wounded when ascending the Nui Thi Vai mountain on the 8th Oct 1966. Overcoming difficult terrain, C Company prepared a landing zone (LZ) on the slopes for evacuation of the wounded - (Medevac). Under a coloured photograph of soldiers reads; 5 RAR - Bush Bashing 1966. Members of C Company 9 platoon after days of bush bashing - a soldier's term used to describe days of navigating dense terrain and vegetation while being always at the ready for enemy contact. Under a coloured photograph of APC reads: 5 RAR - Operation Hayman 8th to 12 November. Armoured Personnel carriers supporting 5 RAR during staging/forming mode prior to being air-lifted on to the summit of Nui Nua on Long Son Island. The Battalion's objective was to capture or eliminate the Chau Duc District VC Company that had been restricting movements of the local regional force. Thirteen Viet Cong survived and surrendered days later to mainland police. Under a coloured photograph of soldiers walking on a log over water reads: 5 RAR - Hat Bands. The Viet Cong occasionally wore the same or similar headgear as the Australian forces in an attempt to create confusion when contact was made. In the short term this was remedied by threading a coloured ribbon around the Australian bush hat. The ribbon served as an identification marker so as to quickly identify an Australian soldier from the enemy. Colours were regularly changed.5 rar, c coy, operation canberra, operation hayman, l/cpl ronald peter shoebridge, 216068, royal australian infantry corps, 5th battalion, the royal australian regiment, pte david george riik, 2781458, australian national serviceman, l/cpl david alexander bryan, 3786720, pte robert charles birtles, 3786660, wounded in action, 8 platoon, nui thi vai mountain, armoured personnel carrier, nui nua, long son island, chau duc district vc company, viet cong prisoner

An Poster, Information Board of 5 RAR 1966 to 1967 (tst Tour). The 5th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment ("Battalion") were the leading element of the First Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and stationed in Vietnam from 1966 to 1967. The Battalion's task was to break Viet Cong control over the central region of Phuoc Tuy Province - an area that communists had freely operated in since 1945. Commencing of the 24th May 1966, the Battalion conducted its first operation codenamed "Hardihood". Their objective was to sweep and clear areas to the north and east of Nui Dat to a distance of 5000 meters, then create a defensive position to enable 1 ATF to establish an operation base. The Battalion conducted eighteen full-lenght operations as well as numerous day and night cordon and search, search and destroy, ambush and clearing patrols conducted at company, platoon and section levels. the Battalion achieved considerable success during Operations Canberra and Queanbeyan in October 1966 when it swept and cleared the Nui Thi Vai mountain. A Viet Cong base consisting of training facilities, a hospital, booby trap factory and several tonnes of rice was located and destroyed. during phase two (Operation Queanbeyan) the battalion discovered complex cave and tunnel systems along with other fixed installations that were vigorously fought for and destroyed by the battalion. Not only di the caves contain large quantities of weapons, equipment and documents but the 274 VC Regiments deputy commanders radio complex. For bravery and leadership, three Military Crosses, one Military Medal and one Mentioned in Dispatches were awarded. The last was awarded posthumously. However, at the completion of the battalion's first tour, the 274 and 275 Viet Cong Regiments remained functional. While the enemy retained the capacity to inflict serious casualities on smaller allied forces, the Battalion and other elements of the 1 AFt were successful in denying the enemy their previous gains. This enabled the South Vietnamese Government to re-establish control of over 96 per cent of the Phuoc Tuy Province during Australia's involvement. Source O'Neill, RJ Vietnam Task, the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment 1966/67, Melbourne. Cassell Australia Ltd, 19685 rar, 1st tour 1966 - 1967, operation hardihood, 1st atf base, poster, information board, nui dat, nui thai vai mountains, operation canberra, operation queanbeyan, viet cong, 274 vc regiments, military cross, bravery, military medal, mention in dispatches, capt robert john o'neill, 335113, royal australian infantry corps, 5th battalion, the royal australian regiment

An Poster, Information Board on 5 RAR. The 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5 RAR) was raised at Holsworthy Barracks NSW on the 1st March 1965 It was the first of nine rotating battalions composed of half regular army and half national servicemen (draftees) that were committed to active service in South Vietnam from 1966 to 1967. 5 RAR was the initial infantry element of the first Australian Task Force (1 ATF) Vietnam. The Battalion conducted two tours of dutyAn Poster, Information Board on 5 RAR. The 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5 RAR) was raised at Holsworthy Barracks NSW on the 1st March 1965 It was the first of nine rotating battalions composed of half regular army and half national servicemen (draftees) that were committed to active service in South Vietnam from 1966 to 1967. 5 RAR was the initial infantry element of the first Australian Task Force (1 ATF) Vietnam. The Battalion conducted two tours of duty5 rar, poster, information board, 1 atf, nui dat, phuoc tuy province, viet cong, battle of binh ba, lt col warr, lt col colin khan, military awards, wounded serviceman, r j o'neill, guerrilla warfare, 1st australian task force, australian national serviceman, killed in action, lt col john arnold warr, 3487, companion of the distinguished service order, lt col colin nicholas khan, 235030, commanding officers, capt robert john o'neill, 335113, mention in dispatches

An Poster, Information Board of The 5th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment ("Battalion") were the leading element of the First Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and stationed in Vietnam from 1966 - 1967. The Battalion's task was to break Viet Cong control over the central region of Phuoc Tuy Province - an area that communists had freely operated in since 1945. See media for more information Commencing of the 24th May 1966, the Battalion conducted its first operation codenamed "Hardihood". Their objective was to sweep and clear areas of the north and east of Nui Dat to a distance of 5000 meters, then create a defensive position to enable 1 ATF to establish an operational base.5 rar, 1 atf, viet cong, phuoc tuy province, nui dat, nui thai vai mountains, 274 vc regiments, 275 vc regiments, military awards, operation canberra, operation queanbeyan, operation hardihood, poster, information board, battle of binh ba, 1st australian task force, hat dich, bien hoa province, may tao mountains, 33 nva regiment, capt david symon wilkins, 235241, royal australian infantry corps, the royal australian regiment