Compiled by Gus Weir of the Wellington Tramway Museum, former Wellington tram driver. Comprises some 33 double-sided album sheets for photographs of Melbourne A1 & A2 class trams. Scanned into 3 parts as pdf files. Many photos taken in the City area, Kew Junction, Port Junction, Port Melbourne, Hawthorn Bridge, Mont Albert, Docklands Photos by Gus himself during Melbourne visits. Part 1 - cover - A1 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 246 Part 2 - A1 246, 248, 255, 256, 257, 258, A2 259. 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, 269, 275, 278, 280, 282, 283, 284, 286 and 287 Part 3 - A2 288, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 298, & 300 Yields detailed information about Melbourne trams from 1991 to 2012Set of 33 album sheets generally with four photos within a bound album, with many blanks to allow for further photos. Each photo has a label on the rear, with details of the photograph's location, photographer, and date. An insert label on each page gives the tram number, location, and date.tramways, tramcars, albums, melbourne, yarra trams, m>tram, kew, docklands, cbd, kew junction, port melbourne, port junction, a1 class, a2 class

Sports Clubs in Kew in the final decades of the 19th century and in the early 20th century were often umbrella organisations with facilities for a number of sports. Typically in Kew, this included teams in lawn bowls, tennis and croquet. The Kew Bowling Club was formed in 1880 while the privately owned Auburn Heights Recreation Club was opened in 1904. By 1998, the two Clubs decided to amalgamate at the Auburn Heights site in Barkers Road, forming the Kew Heights Sports Club. The combined club was itself taken over by the Melbourne Cricket Club in 2012 becoming MCC Kew Sports Club. In 2017 MCC Kew closed and its landholding was subsequently sold to Carey Baptist Grammar School. Both the Kew and Auburn Heights Clubs assembled important collections. These historically significant and large collections were donated to the Society in 2020. The collections include manuscripts, pictures, trophies, plans, honour boards etc. References Barnard FGA 1910, 'Sports and Pastimes' in Jubilee History of Kew Victoria: Its origin & progress 1803-1910. Nixon NV 1980, The History of the Kew Bowling Club 1880-1980. Reeve S 2012, City of Boroondara: Thematic Environmental History, p.216.The combined collections of the four sporting clubs making up the collection number hundreds of items that are historically significant locally. They are also significant to the sporting history of the greater Melbourne area and to the sports of lawn bowls and tennis in Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection illuminates two of the Victorian historic themes - 'Building community life' through forming community organisations and 'Shaping cultural and creative life' by participating in sport and recreation.Blue and white RVBA Division A1 1957-58 pennant. [The item is part of the large historic Kew Bowling Club collection (1880-1988) gifted to the Kew Historical Society in 2020].kew bowling club - wellington street - kew (vic), clubs - lawn bowls - kew (vic), lawn bowls - pennants

Sports Clubs in Kew in the final decades of the 19th century and in the early 20th century were often umbrella organisations with facilities for a number of sports. Typically in Kew, this included teams in lawn bowls, tennis and croquet. The Kew Bowling Club was formed in 1880 while the privately owned Auburn Heights Recreation Club was opened in 1904. By 1998, the two Clubs decided to amalgamate at the Auburn Heights site in Barkers Road, forming the Kew Heights Sports Club. The combined club was itself taken over by the Melbourne Cricket Club in 2012 becoming MCC Kew Sports Club. In 2017 MCC Kew closed and its landholding was subsequently sold to Carey Baptist Grammar School. Both the Kew and Auburn Heights Clubs assembled important collections. These historically significant and large collections were donated to the Society in 2020. The collections include manuscripts, pictures, trophies, plans, honour boards etc. References Barnard FGA 1910, 'Sports and Pastimes' in Jubilee History of Kew Victoria: Its origin & progress 1803-1910. Nixon NV 1980, The History of the Kew Bowling Club 1880-1980. Reeve S 2012, City of Boroondara: Thematic Environmental History, p.216.The combined collections of the four sporting clubs making up the collection number hundreds of items that are historically significant locally. They are also significant to the sporting history of the greater Melbourne area and to the sports of lawn bowls and tennis in Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection illuminates two of the Victorian historic themes - 'Building community life' through forming community organisations and 'Shaping cultural and creative life' by participating in sport and recreation.Framed and glazed original photograph of the A1 Division Team, Winners of RVBA Pennant 1954-55. [The item is part of the historic Kew Bowling Club collection (1880-1988) gifted to the Kew Historical Society in 2020].kew bowling club - wellington street - kew (vic), clubs - lawn bowls - kew (vic)

Sports Clubs in Kew in the final decades of the 19th century and in the early 20th century were often umbrella organisations with facilities for a number of sports. Typically in Kew, this included teams in lawn bowls, tennis and croquet. The Kew Bowling Club was formed in 1880 while the privately owned Auburn Heights Recreation Club was opened in 1904. By 1998, the two Clubs decided to amalgamate at the Auburn Heights site in Barkers Road, forming the Kew Heights Sports Club. The combined club was itself taken over by the Melbourne Cricket Club in 2012 becoming MCC Kew Sports Club. In 2017 MCC Kew closed and its landholding was subsequently sold to Carey Baptist Grammar School. Both the Kew and Auburn Heights Clubs assembled important collections. These historically significant and large collections were donated to the Society in 2020. The collections include manuscripts, pictures, trophies, plans, honour boards etc. References Barnard FGA 1910, 'Sports and Pastimes' in Jubilee History of Kew Victoria: Its origin & progress 1803-1910. Chapman J & C 1999, The history of the Auburn Heights Recreation Club, 1904 to 1908. Reeve S 2012, City of Boroondara: Thematic Environmental History, p.216.The combined collections of the four sporting clubs making up the collection number hundreds of items that are historically significant locally. They are also significant to the sporting history of the greater Melbourne area and to the sports of lawn bowls and tennis in Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection illuminates two of the Victorian historic themes - 'Building community life' through forming community organisations and 'Shaping cultural and creative life' by participating in sport and recreation.Framed and glazed photograph of the Auburn Heights Ladies' Bowling Club team who were VLBA Winners of the 1968-1969 A1 flag. [The item forms part of the large historic Auburn Heights Recreation Club collection, with items relating to the sports of lawn bowls, tennis and croquet, gifted to the Kew Historical Society in 2020].auburn heights ladies' bowling club - barkers road - kew (vic)

Print of an e-mail file titled "Conversion Dates of A1 class tramcars from pole to pantograph", sent to Warren Doubleday by Hugh Waldron by e-mail 27/3/2017. List dated Oct. 1995 Lists the tram number, last day in service with pole, first day with pantograph and the three which were converted back to a pole for a period.trams, tramways, a class, trolley poles, kew depot, pantographs

The family would have used this cutlery on a daily basis as it is not the 'best' cutlery used for special occasions. Assorted very worn kitchen cutlery for every day use by the family. Most of it has a wide end at the handle with a small scalloped pattern: Forks, one large and one small, seven very rusted knives with bone handles, spoons, two larger serving, six dessert, ten teaspoons, two very small round sugar spoons, one patterned butter knife and two decorative servers.Various makers which are indecipherable. Two knife have 'G R Joseph Rodgers & Sons Cutlers to His Majesty (with a lined star shape and a cross underneath)'. Another knife has 'C J on a flag outline, with C Johnson & Co Sheffield England'. A smaller knife has a 'round symbol shape with a crown on the top - inside is Viner & Hall Sheffield Made Stainless Deluxe' One of the non matching servers has 'Grovesnor Delphic EPNS A1'cutlery, kitchenware, kitchen knives, table spoons, teaspoons, tableware, servers

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part A - Pre MMTB or W class – sheets A1 to A29 ", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4600i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\htd4600-TAP-PartA, images TAP1 to TAP65. TAP01_Malvern Depot-assembling-trams.jpg TAP02_M1_Union Rd. Ascot Vale.jpg TAP03_Myer-Santa-tram_WilliamSt_MMTB.jpg TAP03_Myer-Santa-tram_William St_MMTB-obverse.jpg TAP04_8_Preston WS_Norm Cross.jpg TAP05_22-5_High St-Prahran_1910_CRC Field.jpg TAP06_31-36_High St-Armadale Rose Postcard.jpg TAP07_36_Dandenong Rd_c1917_Duckett Collection.jpg TAP08_Glenferrie Rd. Rose Postcard.jpg TAP09_52_Glenferrie Rd. Rose Postcard.jpg TAP10_53_Glenhuntly Rd_13Nov1913_Duckett Collection.jpg TAP11_93_Balwyn.jpg TAP12_163_Barkly St.jpg TAP13_177_Footscray_25Sep1953_W John Webster.jpg TAP14_177_Radiax Truck_Footscray_25Sep1953_W John Webster.jpg TAP15_181_Footscray_25Sep1953_WJ ohn Webster.jpg TAP16_185_Newmarket.jpg TAP17_197_SouthMelb_RJNowell.jpg TAP18_202_WilliamSt-late1920s.jpg TAP19_204_WilliamSt-late1920s.jpg TAP20_205_BowCollector.jpg TAP21_206_Preston_Mar1948_JackRichardson.jpg TAP22_ZooHorseTRam_TMSV-Postcard.jpg TAP22_ZooHorseTRam_TMSV-Postcard-obverse.jpg TAP23_16_Bendigo.jpg TAP24_456-others_Preston_Jul1947_JackStranger.jpg TAP25_180_WilliamstownRd.jpg TAP26_U_RacecourseRd.jpg TAP27_BoxHill-saloon.jpg TAP28_NMET-9-trailer_MtAlexanderRd.jpg TAP29_16_NicholsonSt-Coburgt_MMTB.jpg TAP30_26_CamberwellDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP32_47_MalvernDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP33_44-18_Bendigo.jpg TAP34_50_.jpg TAP35_60_KewDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP36_83_MalvernDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP37_275-6-93_Preston_RayPearson.jpg TAP38_99_KewDepot_Jan1937_RayPearson.jpg TAP39-122_McCraeSt_NormCross.jpg TAP40_137_HawthornDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP41_138_BourkeSt_20Oct1991_RayMarsh.jpg TAP42_140_PointOrmond.jpg TAP43_141_MalvernDepot_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP44_150_PointOrmond.jpg TAP45B_159_SwanstonSt_KSKings_14Mar1948.jpg TAP45C_159_SwanstonSt_KSKings_14Mar1948.jpg TAP46_171_SouthMelbourneDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP47_174_StGeorgesRd_JohnBeckett_1949.jpg TAP48_177_FootscrayDepot.jpg TAP49_177_FootscrayDepot_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP50_178_PointOrmond.jpg TAP51_178_ElsternwickRS_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP52A_179_LeedsSt-Footscray.jpg TAP52A_179_LeedsSt-Footscray_LCrow.jpg TAP52B_179_LeedsSt-Footscray_LCrow.jpg TAP53_187_SouthMelbourneDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP54_190_CamberwellDepot_GeoffGrant_7May1955.jpg TAP55_191_ElizabethSt-terminus_JohnBeckett.jpg TAP56_192_StKildaSA.jpg TAP57_200_MillerSt.jpg TAP58_205_LygonSt-into-BrunswickRd.jpg TAP59_208_EssendonDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP60_V214_MillerSt_1978_MMTB.jpg TAP61_15_EssendonDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP62_PrinceofWales-decoration_1920.jpg TAP63_EssendonDepot-PowerHouse.jpg TAP64_DoncasterTram_IllustratedAustrlianNews_9Nov1889.jpg TAP65_180_BourkeSt-at-SpencerSt.jpg Transit Australia Photos - Pre W class - sheets A1 to A29 -trams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, pmtt, htt, mbctt, nmetl, doncaster, bendigo, tram 1, tram 13, tram 9, 16, tram 8, tram 22, tram 5, tram 31, tram 36, tram 50, tram 63, tram 53, tram 93, tram 163, tram 177, tram 181, tram 185, tram 197, tram 202, tram 204, tram 205, tram 206, tram 84, tram 456, tram 180, tram 9, tram 26, tram 31, tram 36, tram 47, tram 44, tram 60, tram 83, tram 275, tram 93, tram 99, tram 122, tram 137, tram 138, tram 140, tram 141, tram 150, tram 159, tram 171, tram 174, tram 177, tram 178, tram 179, tram 187, tram 190, tram 191, tram 200, tram 205, tram 214, tram 15, tram 180

Ill, p.56.non-fictionIllustrative and textual description of Australian M113 and M113 A1 armoured personnel carriers in Australian service 1962-1972military weapons - australia, armoured personnel carriers - australia

SoftcoverAddress of Tony (Rallen?) 45 Bell St. 413901australian standard, steel structure standard, walsh st library

SoftcoverFirst page "Peter L. Dale"australian standard, steel structure standard, walsh st library

Presentation featuring 'Billi' water dispenser design conceptsink, paper

Sports Clubs in Kew in the final decades of the 19th century and in the early 20th century were often umbrella organisations with facilities for a number of sports. Typically in Kew, this included teams in lawn bowls, tennis and croquet. The Kew Bowling Club was formed in 1880 while the privately owned Auburn Heights Recreation Club was opened in 1904. By 1998, the two Clubs decided to amalgamate at the Auburn Heights site in Barkers Road, forming the Kew Heights Sports Club. The combined club was itself taken over by the Melbourne Cricket Club in 2012 becoming MCC Kew Sports Club. In 2017 MCC Kew closed and its landholding was subsequently sold to Carey Baptist Grammar School. Both the Kew and Auburn Heights Clubs assembled important collections. These historically significant and large collections were donated to the Society in 2020. The collections include manuscripts, pictures, trophies, plans, honour boards etc. References Barnard FGA 1910, 'Sports and Pastimes' in Jubilee History of Kew Victoria: Its origin & progress 1803-1910. Nixon NV 1980, The History of the Kew Bowling Club 1880-1980. Reeve S 2012, City of Boroondara: Thematic Environmental History, p.216.The combined collections of the four sporting clubs making up the collection number hundreds of items that are historically significant locally. They are also significant to the sporting history of the greater Melbourne area and to the sports of lawn bowls and tennis in Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection illuminates two of the Victorian historic themes - 'Building community life' through forming community organisations and 'Shaping cultural and creative life' by participating in sport and recreation.Framed and glazed photograph of the VBA Pennant Winners, “B Team” 1931-2. [The item is part of the historic Kew Bowling Club collection (1880-1988) gifted to the Kew Historical Society in 2020].kew bowling club - wellington street - kew (vic), clubs - lawn bowls - kew (vic)

Sports Clubs in Kew in the final decades of the 19th century and in the early 20th century were often umbrella organisations with facilities for a number of sports. Typically in Kew, this included teams in lawn bowls, tennis and croquet. The Kew Bowling Club was formed in 1880 while the privately owned Auburn Heights Recreation Club was opened in 1904. By 1998, the two Clubs decided to amalgamate at the Auburn Heights site in Barkers Road, forming the Kew Heights Sports Club. The combined club was itself taken over by the Melbourne Cricket Club in 2012 becoming MCC Kew Sports Club. In 2017 MCC Kew closed and its landholding was subsequently sold to Carey Baptist Grammar School. Both the Kew and Auburn Heights Clubs assembled important collections. These historically significant and large collections were donated to the Society in 2020. The collections include manuscripts, pictures, trophies, plans, honour boards etc. References Barnard FGA 1910, 'Sports and Pastimes' in Jubilee History of Kew Victoria: Its origin & progress 1803-1910. Chapman J & C 1999, The history of the Auburn Heights Recreation Club, 1904 to 1908. Reeve S 2012, City of Boroondara: Thematic Environmental History, p.216.The combined collections of the four sporting clubs making up the collection number hundreds of items that are historically significant locally. They are also significant to the sporting history of the greater Melbourne area and to the sports of lawn bowls and tennis in Australia in the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection illuminates two of the Victorian historic themes - 'Building community life' through forming community organisations and 'Shaping cultural and creative life' by participating in sport and recreation.Framed and glazed Auburn Heights Recreation Club pennant won by a team from the Men's Bowling Club.auburn heights recreation club - barkers road - kew (vic), sports clubs - kew (vic) - pennants, auburn heights men's bowling club - barkers road - kew (vic)

Probably 1917 with birth of first child Alis, born to Miriam Effie Innes at Broken Hill. Donor's Mother.A1. Apex - E.P.N.S. silver feeding 'pusher'. 'Folding' pattern on handle, with rectangular 'pusher' end.A1. Apex E.P.N.S.domestic items, cutlery

This item is from a collection donated by descendants of John Francis Turner of Wodonga. Mr. Turner was born on 6 June 1885. He completed all of his schooling at Scotts Boarding School in Albury, New South Wales. On leaving school, he was employed at Dalgety’s, Albury as an auctioneer. In 1924 John was promoted to Manager of the Wodonga Branch of Dalgety’s. On 15/03/1900 he married Beatrice Neal (born 7/12/1887 and died 7/2/1953) from Collingwood, Victoria. They had 4 daughters – Francis (Nancy), Heather, Jessie and Mary. In 1920, the family moved From Albury to Wodonga, purchasing their family home “Locherbie” at 169 High Street, Wodonga. "Locherbie" still stands in Wodonga in 2022. The collection contains items used by the Turner family during their life in Wodonga.This item comes from a collection used by a prominent citizen of Wodonga. It is also an example of silverware of the early 20th century.A set of tongs for serving or moving fresh bread. Tongs have one hinged arm. They are made of electro plated nickel silver as marked on the arm. The letters EPNS A1 indicates that the item is made from Electro Plate Nickel Silver. A1 indicates that it was manufactured with the highest quality EPNS the manufacturer produces.on back: "EPNS A1"domestic items, electroplated silver

The A1 Gold Mine is located north of Woods Point, near Jamieson, in the Upper Goulburn region of Victoria. Gold was discovered at the A1 site in 1861 and mining operations began in 1864. The A1 Mine Settlement refers to a small township known variously as Castle Reef, Castle Point, and Raspberry Creek, which developed in the 1860s around mining industry centred on a crushing machine that worked the three gold reefs in the area. Historically, the name "A1"referred to the high quality of gold found in the quartz reefs at depths of at least two thousand feet. Along with the Morning Star mine at Woods Point, the A1 gold mine produced almost sixty percent of Victoria's gold output in the 1950s to 1970s and continued operating until 1992 when it went into administration. Operations at the site were revived in 2016 and the A1 Mine is now considered one of Victoria's premier gold mines. The A1 mine is part of the extensive and prospective Lachlan Fold Belt, a north-west trending belt of tightly folded Early Devonian sedimentary rocks extending from New South Wales to Victoria. Mineralisation is hosted within or immediately adjacent to diorite dykes. Contemporary development of the 'Queens Lode' at the A1 mine signals a move from high-grade, narrow vein airleg mining into larger scale, mechanical mining designed to increase ore production volume. This original, undated photograph of the A1 Mine appears to depict an area or phase of disuse or abandonment. The aged and humble appearance of the cottage suggests association with the historical A1 Mine Settlement, therefore the image may have been taken prior to the 1950s-1970s revival period in which the A1 mine is known to have produced high gold yields. The photograph contributes to our understanding of the A1 Gold Mine's impact on the landscape and the social, environmental impacts of mining on communities and may be compared with others in the Burke Museum's extensive collection of mining photographs to deepen our understanding of mining in the Jamieson area.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on photographic paperReverse: 5577 / A1 Mine / Near Jamieson / Vic. /burke museum, beechworth museum, beechworth, gold fields, gold rush, victorian gold rush, mining tunnels, gold ming history, colonial australia, australian gold rushes, mining technology, beechworth historic district, indigo gold trail, indigo shire, upper goulburn shire, jamieson, woods point-walhalla goldfield, a1 gold mine, victorian high country, modern mining methods, orogenic gold province, gold mineralisation, devonian, dykes

1930s Trophies Donor: Deed of Gift: Details: Left to Right A1 Class ‘Acrospire’ 1936 Young Frothblowers Corella 1930 Corella and Royalist 1930/ 34 a1, acrospire, frothblowers, corella, royalist

"After the war Pipe-Major Duncan McLennan, moved to Ballarat and took up a position as cadet instructor and leader of the Ballarat Highland Pipe Band and the Ballarat Ladies Pipe Band. " (Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 85, No. 1, June 2014)A1 - Coloured photo taken at Highland Day 1978 A2 - Coloured photo taken at Begonia Festival 1978 A3 - Coloured photo taken at Highland Day 1978A1 - Highland Day March 78 A2 - Begonia Festival March 78 A3 - Highland Day March 78ladies pipe band, ladies highland pipe band, photograph, black and white photograph, highland day, begonia festival, ballarat ladies' highland pipe band

Members of the Women’s Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) were posted to Army Reserve units in the 1980s and 1990s. They were rarely posted to Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) but were invaluable in the A1 Echelon driving fuel, ammunition, ration and water supply vehicles. Colour photograph of two WRAAC soldiers of 'A' Squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles serving a meal from a BBQ set up on back of truck in A1 Echelon during field training. Private L. Cameron at left ; Private T. Roche, right.

"After the war Pipe-Major Duncan McLennan, moved to Ballarat and took up a position as cadet instructor and leader of the Ballarat Highland Pipe Band and the Ballarat Ladies Pipe Band. " (Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 85, No. 1, June 2014)A1 - Coloured photograph of children playing the bagpipes. A2 - Coloured photograph of a group of men A3 - Coloured photograph of children playing drums A1 - 19 Waller Ave, Ballarat. Lew Zilles and another old timer watching the 'learners' at the Band's 40th Birthday Reunion. A2 - M. Bennett, 19 Waller Avenue Ballarat A3 - M Bennett, 19 Waller Avenue, Ballarat. Learnersladies pipe band, ladies highland pipe band, photograph, learners, 40th birthday, reunion, coloured photograph

Letters written to Hazel during WWII, including one about having a B-24 Liberator named after her.Wedding photograph of Capt. Frank Seales, USAF 380th Bomb Group and wife Hazel.Letters written to Hazel by her husband during WWII. In one Frank asks Hazel if she would like him to name his aircraft after her.a1

This item is from a collection donated by descendants of John Francis Turner of Wodonga. Mr. Turner was born on 6 June 1885. He completed all of his schooling at Scotts Boarding School in Albury, New South Wales. On leaving school, he was employed at Dalgety’s, Albury as an auctioneer. In 1924 John was promoted to Manager of the Wodonga Branch of Dalgety’s. On 15/03/1900 he married Beatrice Neal (born 7/12/1887 and died 7/2/1953) from Collingwood, Victoria. They had 4 daughters – Francis (Nancy), Heather, Jessie and Mary. In 1920, the family moved From Albury to Wodonga, purchasing their family home “Locherbie” at 169 High Street, Wodonga. "Locherbie" still stands in Wodonga in 2022. The collection contains items used by the Turner family during their life in Wodonga. Thomas Stokes a diesinker and electroplater was born in Birmingham in 1831, and arrived in Victoria in the 1850s. By the 80s he was well-established in Melbourne, employing 30 tradesmen and apprentices. The business became a proprietary concern in 1911, re-named Stokes & Son Pty Ltd. This assists in establishing the provenance of the item to before 1911.This item comes from a collection used by a prominent citizen of Wodonga. It is also an example of silverware of the early 20th century.A silver plate sugar bowl. It is circular in shape but has a scalloped rim and has a handle attached to the top. The hallmark of Stokes and Son, Australia is embossed underneath the bowl. This indicates that the item is made from Electro Plate Nickel Silver. A1 indicates that it was manufactured with the highest quality EPNS produced by Stokes and Son.On underside of bowl: "W S in the middle of a star and above a boomerang EPNS S&S A1 MADE IN AUSTRALIA 462 MATES LTD ALBURY"silverware, silver plate, domestic items

This butter or cheese knife is a decorative example of electroplated cutlery that had become an affordable alternative to more expensive silver cutlery in the late 1800s to early 1900s. The knife has stamp marks in the back of its handle that are a combination of letters and symbols used by British silversmiths to identify their workmanship. The design and type of this knife was not normally used by everyday people but rather those of a higher social class with time and money to have a particular decorative knife to serve butter or cheese. The marks on the handle tell that it was made of nickel silver, and electroplated with superior quality Stirling silver. The Barker Brothers of Birmingham made the knife between 1885 and 1907, but most likely before 1895. It was made for the British, or British colonial, people, connected with a government department such as the navy or defence. This story may be slightly inaccurate, as some silversmiths added extra ‘pseudo marks’ to their wares to disguise the quality. THE MARKS and their meaning – - ‘A1’ The silver used in electroplating this knife was the highest level, ‘superior quality’, measured in grams of silver per table spoon or table fork, with ‘A1’ being 2 2/3 grams, and ‘D’ being 0 1/2 grams of silver. - ‘BB’ The Baker Brothers used these initials from 1885 to 1907. - ‘[crown symbol]’ – This symbol is used for Sterling silver but this knife is a metal alloy. The crown is also the town mark of Sheffield (appointed by the Sheffield Assay Office) but this knife was made in Birmingham, which has the town mark of an anchor. The Barker Brothers may have added the crown mark to this electroplated silverware as a ‘pseudo hallmark’, leading the buyer to think that it was actual Sterling silver. The use of pseudo hallmarks by electroplaters of the Victorian era was common practice but it was illegal. In 1895 the unlawful practice was seen as imitating the Sheffield Silver Mark and the law was firmly applied to eradicate the deception, so items with this mark probably date before 1895. - [EPNS] Electro Plated Nickel Silver, called nickel silver or German silver, is a metal alloy that usually combines copper, nickel and zinc (60 percent copper, 20 percent nickel, 20 percent zinc). It has a silver-white appearance and is sometimes referred to as ‘white ware’. It does not contain any silver but is often used as a base for electroplating, when the item is covered with a thin layer of silver to give it the polished appearance of pure silver. It became popular in the late 19th and early 20th century as an affordable substitute for sterling silver. - Broad Arrow - an official stamp that indicates it was once the property of Britain government, either in Britain or one of its colonies, and used in the defence force. In Great Britain, from an 1875 government act, it was, and still, is a crime to forge or wrongfully use, the broad arrow symbol. The BARKER BROTHERS of Birmingham - Barker Brothers were one of the earlies firms of Birmingham silversmiths, established in 1801 by Mary Barker. They became Barker & Creed, then William and Matthias Barker, then from 1885 they were the Barker Brothers. They were operating in Paradise Street in 1871 until in 1903 they moved to Unity Works, Constitution Hill, in Birmingham. The firm also had a showroom at 292 High Holborn, London, from the early 1900s to the 1980s. In 1907 the firm became Barker Brothers Silversmiths Ltd, then in the 1960s they merged with Ellis & Co, becoming Barker Ellis Silver Co. Ltd. In 1979 they were registered in USA as Ellis & Co., Barker Ellis, and Ellis Barker. The business went into administration in 1992, after almost 200 years of production. The firm advertised as specialists in electroplating, and used the trademarks BRITANOID, UNITY PLATE and THE HYGENIA.This knife is historically significant, dated from 1885 to 1907 but most likely pre-1895, and made by the longstanding Birmingham silversmiths, the Barker Brothers, established in 1801. The knife is an example of decorative flatware used by people of ’class’. It also has the broad arrow stamp, connecting it to the British government, in particular the ordinance department. The stamp also connects it to other items in our collection with that stamp. It may have been connected to pre-Federation government organisations and officials such as the army Garrison, government naval vessel, police, lighthouse keepers, harbour masters. The knife is the only example of its kind in our collection, being a decorative silver butter or cheese knife, made by the Barker Brothers of Birmingham. Butter knife, or cheese knife, electroplated nickel silver (EPNS). Upper blade edge has decorative shape and engraved motifs, lower blade edge is bevelled to a cutting edge, and narrow plain handle flares out to a wide, rounded end. Maker’s marks are stamped on the reverse. Made by Barker Brothers of Birmingham in the late-19th century. Stamps: “flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, butter knife, cheese knife, electroplate, electro plate, nickel silver, nickel alloy, alloy composition, copper nickel zinc, german silver, epns, barker brothers, birmingham, london, silversmiths, victorian era, 19th century, a1, bb, crown inside square, broad arrow, flatware, tableware, cutlery, cutler, dining utensils, eating utensils, superior quality, pseudo hallmark, stirling silver, silver-white metal, mary barker, barker & creed, william barker, matthias barker, barker brothers silversmiths, barker ellis silver co, ellis & co, barker ellis, ellis barker, britanoid, unity plate, the hygenia, british, colonial, government use, defence department use, naval use, knife, serving knife