This oral history interview was conducted with two sisters, Mrs Elva Hill and Mrs Mary Martina. They describe growing up in Beechworth, living a fairly well-off life compared to others around them. Mrs Martina in particular talks about going to school, becoming a teacher, and helping to set up Beechworth Secondary School. She talks briefly about gender roles for girls in the classroom and how teaching has changed over time. Mrs Hill and Mrs Martina describe the Beechworth community as friendly, including towards migrants, and suggest they were not particularly involved in political movements except for protesting after the dismissal of the Whitlam Government. They discuss visiting the Albury Show. The sisters briefly discuss 'them pushing the wheelbarrow to Mt Buffalo'. This refers to a publicised wager between garage proprietor Tom Parkinson and Post Office Hotel licensee Tony Evans in 1935. Evans challenged Parkinson to push him in a wheelbarrow for over 80km (with an elevation of 1000m) from the Beechworth Post Office to Mt Buffalo in just eight days, with the winner awarded twenty pounds. A brochure was published with official rules, and the incident made international news in the New York Times. They briefly discussed that their parents worked at the 'Mental Hospital', the full name of which was the Mayday Hills Mental Hospital, known at other points as the Beechworth Asylum and the Beechworth Hospital for the Insane. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.The statement captures a personal perspective on the teaching profession and education at rural schools during the mid-twentieth century, with a focus on the experience of young girls and women going to school. It specifically discusses the establishment of Beechworth Secondary School. Mrs Hill and Mrs Martina also provide insights into the social dynamics of the town, as two girls from a well-off family discuss how they believed people from different backgrounds interacted with one another. The interview also puts Beechworth into a wider social context, as the women discuss how they were perceived when they went to College and how they interacted with wider politics. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Elva & Mrs Mary Martina /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, hill, martina, sisters, boarding school, rural school, primary school, beechworth secondary school, mayday hills mental hospital, gender, gender at school, entertainment, albury show, dress codes, wealth gap, whitlam dismissal

Sumner Berg was born in the small logging town of Toledo in Oregon, USA. He came to Australia in 1970 as a teacher. Prior to teaching, he travelled in Africa and joined the peace corps. Upon arriving in Australia, he was originally placed in Melbourne, then transferred to Beechworth in 1971, and has since taught and lived there, teaching biology at Beechworth High School. He is a nature enthusiast and animal rights activist. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Sumner Berg’s story is significant because he provides an opinion on life and schooling differences between America and Beechworth during the 1970s. His story also presents a perspective on teaching in Beechworth and what it was like to emigrate from America in the 1970s.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, jennifer williams, twentieth century, berg, sumner berg, usa, toledo, oregon, teaching, nature, animal rights

Herbert McFeeters as born in Wooragee Creek in 11th July 1905. Mr McFeeters would walk to school in Beechworth by foot, about 3.5 miles through the hills. It would take him and his siblings one hour to get to school. Mr McFeeters worked at the local tannery from the age of 14 for 11 years. After which he worked for himself, farming cattle and selling milk around the region. Mr McFeeters bought land from the Crown, who were selling lands after many miners had left the region. Mr McFeeters recalls the Chinese community that remained the Beechworth area and the social activities in the town, including the pictures, football games and Harvest Festivals. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke. Mr McFeeters oral history provides detail of life in rural Victoria during the early 20th Century. Mr McFeeters describes his early childhood and working life, including details of the social activities This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke. This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mr Herbert McFeeters /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, herbert mcfeeters, wooragee creek, reid's creek

Desmond (Des) McIntosh was born in Beechworth in the old goldfield’s hospital in 1940. He was the third child born in a family of five children. His great-grandparents moved from Scotland to Yackandandah in the 1930s to pursue wealth in the gold boom, but only just made a living out of it. His grandfather eventually moved and lived in the Woolshed Valley, where Desmond’s parents came from. His family continued to live in the Woolshed Valley as dairy farmers until the 1950s and then moved to Beechworth. Desmond went to school in Wooragee but left when he was 15 to work as a salesman at Freeman’s Store in Beechworth. He worked there for nine years, and then started working in the prison service in Beechworth at what is now known as the Old Beechworth Gaol, or HM Prison Beechworth, where he worked for 27 years. Desmond was an active member of the Beechworth community outside of the Prison in the church and an APEX member (which is a social justice program run across Australia). In prison, he led work programs for the prisoners such as a gardening program where they grew the fresh vegetables and fruit that they would eat. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Mr. Desmond McIntosh’s account of his life in Beechworth and the local area during the 20th century is historically and socially significant to the cultural heritage of the region. He details some of the change that occurred across Beechworth over time, as well as details about the management of the Old Goal Beechworth. His account is important to the region's history in terms of social issues and the effect WWII has on Beechworth. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally recorded on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up to 40 minutes of recordings on each side. Mr. Desmond McIntoshlisten to what they say: voices of twentieth century beechworth, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, desmond mcintosh, old goal beechworth, apex, wooragee, hm prison beechworth, woolshed valley, scotland, dairy farmer, freeman's store, gardening, garden, social justive

Francis Blair was born on January 17th, 1910. He was born in Bendigo, and lived in Daylesford from pre-school to the age of thirteen. His father was a miner who died in an explosion when he was one years old. As a result he was handed from relation to relation, commenting that he can never remember seeing his mother. He has a sister and aunt who owned a hotel in Daylesford. His sister was placed in the local convent to be looked after. He overheard his aunt talking about having him work in a drapers store, and not liking the idea, took a bicycle and rode off. He headed to Bendigo, staying with a relative where he eventually got a job at a wholesale food manufacturing company, making jelly crystals, custard powders and other things. He arrived in Beechworth in 1952, due to having built up a consultancy in the food manufacturing business. When he moved to Beechworth he had no prior contacts except the firm that was in Beechworth (Beechworth Brewery). He eventually became a well known personality around Beechworth, becoming president of the hospital and the bowls club. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Francis Blair's story is significant because he details how many food and beverages were crafted in the 1900s in Victoria. His story also allows the craft to stay alive by detailing the different aspects required to create specific food and beverage items.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum

Mr John Clemens was born in 1913 to Australian parents. His father worked in building roads which led to the family's move from Sunnyside Gen Willis to Beechworth. His father was part of the road making team on the Buffalo River Road between Myrtleford and Beechworth. John worked as a motor mechanic in his early years, having left school in sixth grade. He later worked carting wood (independently) and drinks for Murray Breweries/Billson's Breweries. He delivered drinks and wood to the Old Hospital after its relocation in 1940, to Bonegilla Migrants Camp and got to know most of the townspeople. He recounts his interactions with various members of the community, highlighting the importance of the Zwar Tannery, which John recounts as employing approximately 200 people (dating this recollection to approximately 1938). This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.John's interview demonstrates the dynamics of the Beechworth township in the 1920s-1940s, showing the important industries and connections of the town which he was involved in. His mention of the Model T Ford, produced 1908-1927, shows his experience with early cars in the town, which were owned by the richer people. He talks about the dominance of the Zwar Bros. Tannery over the town, by employing hundreds of people (dating John's recollection to approximately 1938). John's interview shows the changed that the town has gone through through his experiences as a driver for wood and drinks. It can be interpreted as historically significant to the Beechworth local area but also to a wider audience; Zwar Tannery supplies leather to General Motors Holden, the brewery was one of the largest in the country, and the Bonegilla Migrants Camp was the largest and longest running migrant camp in Australia. John's everyday interactions with all of these places and people within makes his story significant. The project is significant for its recording of stories from members of the local Beechworth community before they are lost. It tells of the everyday stories of the people and their memories of the town. The recordings were done in 2000, with interviewees such as John being in their 80s when interviewed. The interviews were recorded to cassette, before being digitised in 2021. This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side. john clemens, burke museum, beechworth, bonegilla migrants camp, beechworth hospital, murray breweries, billson's breweries, zwar bros. tannery

Jack Scott was born in Beechworth on the 24th January 1919 into a third generation Beechworth family who had migrated from Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland during the 1860s. Also present during the oral history recording is Jack’s wife, Gwen Scott. In 1878 Jack’s grandfather established the carrier business - R. Scott Carriers. Jack’s grandfather secured a contract with the Zwar Brothers' Beechworth Tannery to transport all goods between the tannery and train station via horse and cart. Jack’s father and uncle carried on the family business, before Jack and his brother eventually joined after the Second World War. The company expanded from a single horse and cart short route to multiple trucks operating interstate routes. Prior to joining the family carrier business, Jack on leaving school started work at the tannery and served in the air force during the Second World War. When asked about the working conditions at the tannery, Jack recalls while they did have union representatives, it was not particularly effectual. The union representatives were often placated by sharing multiple whiskies with the Zwar brothers when in their offices to discuss workers’ issues. Gwen’s father also worked for the tannery for a period of time, and she enjoyed the annual picnics the tannery provided for employee families. Both Jack and Gwen’s connections to the tannery reinforces the tannery’s role as a major employer and presence in the Beechworth community. Prior to marrying Jack, Gwen worked in a range of roles including at the Ovens and Murray Hospital for the Aged, managing the family home when her parents both worked during the Second World War, and apprenticed with her sister as a hairdresser. Jack and Gwen provide some insight into maternal health issues in brief discussions of hospital birthing trends and awareness of contraception and family planning. Both Jack and Gwen recalled attending the open-air cinema at ‘The Rock’ in their childhoods. Gwen remembers that the ‘elites’ would sit on chairs at the front, and Gwen’s family sat on a rug at the back, while Jack would jump the fence and get in for nothing. Jack and Gwen discuss attitudes towards both Chinese Australians and Italian migrants in Beechworth. They did not notice any racism and from their perspective felt they were accepted in the town. Jack did note that Italian employees lost their jobs at the tannery during the Second World War, but believed they all stayed within the area and found stonemason and concrete work in the interim. Jack socialised with members of the Italian community and joyfully recalled attending their homes for music nights with lots of drinking and instruments being played. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke. Gwen and Jack Scott’s account of their lives in Beechworth is historically and socially significant to the cultural heritage of the region. Gwen and Jack in reflecting on their everyday experiences of operating a family business, availability of work, leisure opportunities, interaction with migrants, and access to maternal health care provide essential economic, social, and healthcare insights. Gwen and Jack Scott’s oral history recording is part of a larger collection of oral histories recorded by Jennifer Williams in 2000, collectively they provide invaluable insights into Beechworth during the 20th century, much of the information in these oral histories would be lost if not documented and missed in the interpretation of tangible objects. This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Gwen and Mr Jack Scott jack scott, gwen scott, r. scott carriers, scott brothers, zwar brother's beechworth tannery, zwar tannery, beechworth tannery, ovens and murray hospital for the aged, benevolent asylum, open-air cinema, the rock cinema, italians beechworth, hospital births 1920s, wang tech, wangaratta tech, nell scott, jennifer williams, oral history, listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century beechworth, tannery union

Ken Howe was born on the 9th February 1941 in Beechworth. His parents came from Everton. His mothers parents were from Northern Island and his fathers parents from Everton. They were farmers and did not come to Beechworth for gold. Ken left school when he was 13 and a half and worked at the Zwar brothers Tannery for four years. He then went on to work at with the Forest Commission. Ken discusses his job's, family, the arrival of Baltic immigrants after world war 2, The impact of the story of Kelly's in his life and just life in general at Beechworth. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Ken Howe's story offers an insight into life in Beechworth from the 1940's onwards, he details the various jobs that occurred in the Zwar brothers tannery factory, the tasks that occurred for the forest commission. He also provides insight into the role the Kelly story played in their lives and the significant places were incidents occurred. His story also offers a look into everyday Beechworth life and how the baltic immigrants after World War 2 integrated into the Australian lifestyle by working at the Zwar brothers tannery. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mr Ken Howe /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, ken howe, howe, everton, northern island, farmers, zwar brothers tannery, glue, forest commission, family