This book provides a basic guide to best practice in every aspect of museum work from organisation, through collections management and conservation to marketing and security. The book is designed as a basis for training courses.This book provides a basic guide to best practice in every aspect of museum work from organisation, through collections management and conservation to marketing and security. The book is designed as a basis for training courses.Front Page : Susan Barnettmuseums, management, archives, educations and research establishments

As part of management standards to adhere to best practice, RVIB went through the certification process to receive ISO accreditation within its offices.1 certificate with signatures and stampCertificate reads "Certificate of Registration. Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind Limited, 557 St Kilda Road Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia (refer to Schedule of Addresses dated March 20 2003 for additional certified sites) complies with the requirements of AS/NZS ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems Requirements for the following capability: This registration covers the Quality Management System for the provision of case management, production, resources, and support services including education, course development and provision of training, rehabilitation, employment, technology, information and fundraising for people who are blind or vision impaired. The registration also includes the provision of commercial products and services through RVIB Enterprises." Signed: Alex Ezrakhovich, General Manager Certification. Certificate #: QEC12897. Issue Date: 1st April 2003. Certified Date: 29th December 1999. Expiry Date 19th March 2006.royal victorian institute for the blind, registration

My visual stories seek to inform about the natural and cultural histories that attribute to the experience of country (place), in order hat the audience gains respect, understanding and a sense of belonging to the place. My practice involves various mediums in two and three dimensional form, which include permanent and ephemeral installation, paving, stonework, woodwork, metal work, lighting design, illustration, mural painting and mosaic work. I am competent in using all these mediums, but do have a preference to stone and wood. Having been involved in public and community art as a designer and sculpture/maker in both individual and collaborations for the past fifteen years, I have been fortunate to work with and partake in various collaborations and project teams; working with council organizations, landscape designers, art practitioners, artisans and arts workers. (https://www.glennromanis.com/biography, accessed 08 June 2022)Glenn ROMANIS Wurundjeri/woi wurrung and Boonwerrung This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.A fire pit with sculpted redgum seats in the shape of a gum leaf. It was created for the Arts Victoria 'Artlands' Conference held in Horsham in 2004. Artlands is a national event designed to reflect and respond to emerging trends and shine a spotlight on arts in regional Australia. It is designed to showcase new thinking, present contemporary work, and generate exchange and conversations. The programming champions best practice and strengthens a national network of artists and practitioners working in regional, rural and remote Australia. Presented and delivered by Regional Arts Australia, Artlands is positioned as a multi-art, cross-industry and inter-generational. It presents a critical survey of the contemporary regional cultural landscape; and provides much-needed opportunities for artists to gather, present work and enter into meaningful exchange.art, artwork, aboriginal, glenn romanis, sculpture, campsite, camp fire

Wooragee Landcare was formed in 1989 to promote sustainable conservation and land-use practices in the North-East region of Victoria. The organisation's work has included public awareness and education campaigns to control invasive, introduced species and protect native wildlife, such as campaigns to replant native plant species to improve soil integrity and restore habitat for flora and fauna. The organisation has drawn on the work of a variety of Government and academic experts to ensure best practice approaches are utilised. This photograph was taken at Riverview Farm, Victoria on Sunday the 5th of September as part of a day trip by the Wooragee Landcare Group. The event was about looking at land use on small farms and as a social get-together for the Group. Wooragee was also researching how small landholders could run some enterprises around the time of the trip. This photograph is a great example of the type of events that Wooragee Landcare Group has organized, while educating the public about the importance of land use management.Landscape colour photograph printed on gloss paper. Reverse: WAN NA E0NA2N2. NNN+ 4 4240/ [PRINTED] (No. 24) / 377wooragee, wooragee landcare group, wooragee landcare's collection, land use, social, riverview farm, animals, pests, indigo shire, tatong, samaria, north-east victoria

Contents: 1: Introduction 2: Data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander over-representation in the criminal justice system 3: Explanations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander over-representation in the criminal justice system PART TWO : CASE STUDIES 4 : Poor Practice Case Studies - 5 : Best Practice Case Studies PART THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION 6: Adequacy of Information -7: Aboriginal and Police Community Relations 8: Responding to Public Drunkenness 9: Police Practices and Procedures 10: Imprisonment as a Last Resort 11: Court Processes, Legislation and Aboriginal Legal Representation 12: Aboriginal Young People and the Juvenile Justice System PART FOUR 13: Conclusion APPENDIXES Appendix 1: The recommendations of the Royal Commission most proximate to reducing the over-representation of Aboriginal people in custody Appendix 2: Methodological issues in determining over-representation Appendix 3: Details of Federal funding related to State agencies for the implementation of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody recommendations.b&w illustrations, tablesaboriginal deaths in custody, criminal justice system

Digital copy of an artistic event catalogue 142 pages.non-fictionCatalogue for an artistic discovery Ttail during Open House 2022.open house melbourne, 2022, ying-lan dann, circular temporalities, norla dome, exhibitions, video installation, cultural events

Take Hold of the Clouds is a curated exhibition featuring two key works by renowned international contributors – Forensic Architecture’s Cloud Studies (2021) and Cauleen Smith’s Sojourner (2018) – along with six, newly commissioned, responsive works from local and national creative practitioners. The experimental exhibition is distributed across seven of the city’s most significant buildings and urban spaces, with each temporal creative work adding a new layer to how we understand these spaces in relation to the world around us. Embedding the work within the city itself rather than a traditional gallery, the exhibition models best practices for high-impact yet sustainable and resource-sensitive exhibition-making. Created in partnership with Monash University, Take Hold of the Clouds navigates the Weekend’s theme of Built/Unbuilt through a series of thoughtful encounters in which artists reveal the invisible stories and issues in corners of the city. The exhibition is conceived by Tara McDowell, Director of Curatorial Practice at Monash Art, Design and Architecture, and co-curated with Fleur Watson, Open House Melbourne’s Executive Director. To create this poster, the artist used a copy of of one of Walter Butler plans for the 7171 building held in the archives as an homage to the architect. The sketch was then retouched to make it loo like a blueprint. The Mission is one of the sites open every year during Open House. A3 size Blue print type plan print on glose paper.open house melbourne, 2022, ying-lan dann, circular temporalities, norla dome, blueprint, plans, walter richmond butler (1864–1949), cultural events

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders on the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. Document outlining the Vision, Mission, Aims, Goals and Principles of VIOSH Australia. The main vision is to provide the best undergraduate, graduate and industry focused OHS program in Australia and Asia - Pacific Region. Improvement in occupational health and safety within workplaces in Australia and overseas and stimulate best practice within the University of Ballarat is the mission. Detailed statements covering Aims, Goals and Principles outline how this will be achieved.Thirteen A4 pages, typed. Coloured sections.Symbols for VIOSH, CSIRO, SafetyLine, Safety Institute of Australia, Worksafe Australia,Canadian Centre for OH&S. Health and Safety Executive (United Kingdom), National Institute for OH&S (United States), Occupational Health and Safety (United States), International Occupational Safety and Health Information (Finland)viosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, university of ballarat, vision, mission, aims, goals, principles, research and colsultancy, courses, viosh working papers, noise control in mining, resources, australia, csiro, safetyline, safety institute of australia, worksafe australia, canada, canadian centre for occupational health and safety, united kingdom, health and safety executive, united states, national institute for occupational safety and health, occupational health and safety administration, finland, international occupational safety and health information

Wooragee Landcare was formed in 1989 to promote sustainable conservation and land-use practices in the North-East region of Victoria. The organisation's work has included public awareness and education campaigns to control invasive, introduced species and protect native wildlife, such as campaigns to bait or trap foxes and to identify and monitor quoll populations in the region. The organisation has drawn on the work of a variety of Government and academic experts to inform best practice approaches are utilised. In 2004 Andrew Murray, a leading quoll expert from Parks Victoria, conducted training for Wooragee Landcare members and the local community in how to identify potential quoll habitat and populations (through identifying scat and other methods). Spotted-tail or Tiger quolls were known to have lived in the Mt Pilot and Stanley Plateau region previously but habitat encroachment, competitor species such as foxes and natural disasters had reduced sightings in recent years. The Spotted-Tail quoll (formerly known as the Tiger Quoll) is the largest of four species of native marsupial carnivore on mainland Australia, and the second-largest carnivore (after the dingo). The species' scientific name, Dasyurus maculatus, references its' 'hairy tail'. Adults are approximately 125cm long, including their long tail, and weigh around 5 kilograms. The Spotted-tail quoll is currently considered to be a threatened species, but other species are currently listed as endangered. This photograph is significant as an example of wildlife protection awareness programs undertaken by Wooragee Landcare Group in the 2000s in Indigo Shire.Landscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paper.Reverse: WAN NA 0ANA2N0 NNN+ 2 8743 / [PRINTED] (No.22) / 268wooragee, wooragee landcare, kiewa landcare, indigo shire, north-east victoria, farming, conservation, wildlife, quoll, quolls, marsupials, predators, simon feillafe, andy murray, south-east forests, spotted tail quoll, mt pilot, stanley plateau, andrew murray

Wooragee Landcare was formed in 1989 to promote sustainable conservation and land-use practices in the North-East region of Victoria. The organisation's work has included public awareness and education campaigns to control invasive, introduced species and protect native wildlife, such as campaigns to bait or trap foxes and to identify and monitor quoll populations in the region. The organisation has drawn on the work of a variety of Government and academic experts to inform best practice approaches are utilised. In 2004 Andrew Murray, a leading quoll expert from Parks Victoria, conducted training for Wooragee Landcare members and the local community in how to identify potential quoll habitat and populations (through identifying scat and other methods). Spotted-tail or Tiger quolls were known to have lived in the Mt Pilot and Stanley Plateau region previously but habitat encroachment, competitor species such as foxes and natural disasters had reduced sightings in recent years. The Spotted-Tail quoll (formerly known as the Tiger Quoll) is the largest of four species of native marsupial carnivore on mainland Australia, and the second-largest carnivore (after the dingo). The species' scientific name, Dasyurus maculatus, references its' 'hairy tail'. Adults are approximately 125cm long, including their long tail, and weigh around 5 kilograms. The Spotted-tail quoll is currently considered to be a threatened species, but other species are currently listed as endangered.This photograph is significant as an example of wildlife protection awareness programs undertaken by Wooragee Landcare Group in the 2000s in Indigo Shire.Landscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paper.Reverse: WAN NA 0ANA2N0 NNN+ 1 8743 / [PRINTED] (No.23) / 269wooragee, wooragee landcare, indigo shire, north-east victoria, andrew murray, queries about quolls, wildlife, conservation, farming, predators, spotted tail quolls, quolls, marsupials, south-east forests, mt pilot, stanley plateau

This photograph was taken during a bus excursion to Tatong in North East Victoria, held by the Wooragee Landcare Group in September 2004. The purpose of the excursion was to look at land use on small farms. As part of this, the excursion included a visit to Samaria Farm, run by Sue and Don Matheson. In this photo, taken at Samaria Farm, Don Matheson is discussing the management of his commercial rose garden. Events like this meet Wooragee Landcare's organisational goals of promoting best land management practices, cooperating and engaging with landowners, and providing information on plant management and care. This object is significant as a record of Wooragee Landcare's activities and community involvement. Landscape colour photograph printed on gloss photographic material. Reverse: "WAN NA E0NA2N2 NNN+ 1 4240/ don matheson, sue matheson, matheson, tatong, excursion, bus trip, wooragee landcare, wooragee, landcare, wooragee landcare group, samaria farm, roses, commercial rose garden, rose growing, education, activity, 2004, rose, farm, small farms, land use

Jazmina Cininas’ printmaking practice is best known for its technically demanding reduction linocuts. A two-legged dingo stole Lindy’s tears draws on the complex mythologies and rhetoric that have become embedded in the protracted Lindy Chamberlain saga. The work is a critique of the media’s unfair treatment of Chamberlain when the case broke in the 1980s. This is a key work from Cininas' Girlie Werewolf Project, which explores how female 'otherness' has been depicted through history. Donation by the artist

'Fortuna' was developed by George Lansell, the 'Quartz King', from the 1870s to 1906. The estate features a mansion, a notable Italian water garden with imported elements, and a large lake originally used for mining. The property covers 6.7 hectares and contains many mature trees, including palms, poplars, pepper trees, Norfolk Island pines, and various specimen trees. Since 1942 to the 1980s, the Department of Defence has owned and maintained the property. General Considerations are to: 1 Preserve and restore the heritage value and history of the gardens to complement historic buildings. Maintain plant health and species diversity to enhance the area's character. 2 Address financial constraints, human use, military requirements, and stakeholder engagement. 3 Employ qualified experts to prepare the plan. 4 Address historical significance, plant health, heritage value, remedial works, and visual character (including maintaining views and screening modern structures). 5 Restore garden design to its original character where possible. 6 Recommend measures for future works to protect garden health and significant trees. 7 Identify and map significant plants and recommend suitable species for replanting. Consultant to start in September 1994 and complete by December 1994 with Regular meetings with a steering committee and encourage public involvement. The plan aims to ensure the long-term preservation, enhancement, and appropriate use of the heritage gardens, balancing historical, ecological, recreational, and military needs. In 1996 Fancine Gilfedder and Associates produced the Garden Conservation Management Plan for the Department of Defence: This Conservation Management Plan for the historic Fortuna Bendigo Garden outlines its historical development, significance, and strategies for preservation and management. 1. The plan was commissioned by the Department of Defence and prepared by Francine Gilfedder & Associates in 1996. It covers the Fortuna Garden site, its heritage status, and the methodology used for assessment. 2. Historical OverviewProvides a detailed chronology of the garden's development and its phases. Identifies significant materials, features, and architectural elements. 3. Site AssessmentSurveys existing site conditions, including plant and tree inventories.Documents architectural features and general landscape conditions. 4. Assesses the garden's heritage value using established criteria (e.g., Burra Charter, AHC criteria). Identifies elements of significance and provides comparative analysis with similar sites. 5. Summarizes the heritage value and unique aspects of the Fortuna Garden. 6. Outlines statutory and non-statutory requirements, user needs, and physical constraints affecting management. 7. Recommends general and component-specific policies for conservation. 8. Implementation Provides guidelines and specific recommendations for development and ongoing management. 9. Details best practices for tree, shrub, rose, and lawn care, as well as maintenance of paths and structures.Fortuna Villa Conservation Management Plans This Document Contains the following Items: 11231.4a This document is a draft brief by the army, 1994. It outlines the brief for a conservation management plan for the heritage gardens and surrounds of Fortuna Villa in Bendigo. It's three pages outlines Purpose, Background History and General Considerations, requirements and a summary. Seven first pages reproduced here. 11231.4b This Conservation Management Plan for the historic Fortuna Bendigo Garden outlines its historical development, significance, and strategies for preservation and management. Black Fabric Binding of approximately 110 pages (printed on both sides), photocopy with photos and plans. The first four pages showing the cover and index are shown here. 11231.4c Undated. This document is a horticultural report providing suggestions for improving the grounds and gardens at 'Fortuna', a historic estate now used by the Army Survey Regiment in Bendigo. The black and white report of approx 100 pages is "Spiralex" bound. It contains - it is compiled for the army by Karl Liffman (TAFE horticulture department) and Ian Huxley (experienced horticulturist and garden designer), with input from gardening apprentices. It contains many photos with new suggestions overlyared on top of them. The report addresses only the grounds and gardens visible to visitors: main drive, car parks, front garden, and areas around the lake. Recommendations are from a horticultural perspective, emphasizing plant variety and practical maintenance over formal landscape architecture.PurposeAims to guide the Army in developing and maintaining Fortuna’s gardens, recognizing the property's heritage and its value for public relations. 11231.4d An unbound copy of the above 11231.4e A letter to Range Control, Department of Defence, Puckapunyal, from Francine Gilfedder and Associates, Landscape Architect and Horticulturist, 15 Dover St Richmond; and a 18 page management plan. The plan aims to guide the conservation and management of the Fortuna Villa gardens, focusing on heritage values and preservation needs. May 1995. 11231.4f March 1996 five page document which outlines a conservation and restoration proposal for the Pompeii Fountain and adjacent heritage structures at Fortuna, Golden Square, Victoria. The fountain's steel column was severely rusted; rendered surfaces and marble font were deteriorating; adjacent garden walls and staircases were failing. 11231.4g Copy of above 11231.4h A five page document which contains key points from the conservation and restoration plan for Fortuna Villa. 1990s. 11231.4i A 30 page document. Part of the conservation policy and management plan for the Fortuna estate: 11231.4j A six page document is a conservation management plan and tree health report for Fortuna Villa in Bendigo, focusing on diagnosing tree diseases, assessing tree conditions, and recommending removal or treatment actions. Prepared by Francine Gilfedder and Associates, Landscape Architect and Horticulturist, 15 Dover St Richmond for the army. 11231.4k The one page document is a tree inspection report for a Sierra Redwood at Fortuna Villa, Bendigo, prepared in response to concerns about the tree's stability after the removal of a nearby specimen. Prepared by Trevor Lawrence Tree Surgeon, 830 Barkley St Ballarat. July 1995 11231.4l A 15 page document which provides an interpretive plan and historical overview for Fortuna Villa, a heritage site in Bendigo, focusing on its history, significance, and strategies for visitor engagement. 1995 prepared by Dianne Bish, Eaglehawk 11231.4m A large army plan of the Fortuna Grounds with prominent trees marked.bendigo, fortuna villa, history, army survey regiment, gardens, conservation management

FedPride 2021-2024 is a comprehensive strategy, aimed at achieving best inclusive practice in every area of university life: from recruitment and enrolment, to our culture, campuses, how we engage with the communities where our campuses are located and importantly through our curriculum and research. We know that diversity – having access to and embracing difference in backgrounds, perspectives, knowledge and skills – gives our university a breadth that supports innovation and the highest quality of thinking. It enriches us as individuals and as a community. FedPride has a particular focus on our staff and students being able to bring their whole selves to university life. When we feel safe, included and celebrated, we contribute freely and with enthusiasm and bring the best of ourselves to work and study. FedPride is an intersectional strategy, in that the rights, inclusion and access of people from diverse cultural backgrounds, people with disability and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are held as core to every impact area. FedPride 2021–2024 has been developed with consultation across the University. The strategy is led by the FedPride Steering Group and implemented and monitored by the Implementation Group. Reports to measure progress will be provided annually for the Vice-Chancellor’s Senior Team. FedPride is endorsed by the Vice-Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor’s Senior Team.A3 poster publicising Fed Pride. This poster was displayed at all Federation University posters in 2022.fed pride, equity

It is no secret that copper is currently experiencing a huge upsurge in popularity. This is mainly thanks to its beautiful colour featuring heavily in the ranges of countless homeware retailers. There is, however, far more to this lustrous metal than just its appearance. For example, it has a greater level of thermal conductivity than any other metal (except silver); roughly 60% higher than aluminium and 3000% higher than stainless steel. This means copper is capable of heating up very quickly when compared to other metals. Perhaps a less commonly known property of copper is it being inherently antimicrobial. A wide range of harmful microbes are unable to survive for more than a couple of hours when in contact with a surface made of copper or one of its alloys (brass and bronze). This has led to it often being used for frequently touched surfaces such as door knobs, push plates and taps. A seemingly perfect material for cooking, it is therefore no surprise that it has been used in kitchens for millennia. But exactly when did we learn to utilise copper and its valuable assets? Origins It is hard to pin down an exact date when copper cookware was first introduced. Pieces discovered in regions of the middle east were dated as far back as 9000BC, suggesting cooking with copper began during the Neolithic period (≈10000-2000BC). As civilisations became increasingly capable in metallurgical techniques, metals such as copper became more widely used. It would have been around this time that copper replaced stone as the material used for making tools and cooking vessels. The use of copper is also well documented in Ancient Egypt. Not only was it used to produce water and oil containers, but it was also used to in medical practices. The antimicrobial nature of copper was exploited long before the concept of microorganisms was fully understood. The Smith Papyrus, a medical text written between 2600 and 2200BC records the use of copper in sterilising wounds and drinking water. Tin Lining Although copper is essential to many processes within the human body, it can become toxic if consumed in excess. It was this knowledge that gave rise to lining cookware with tin, a technique used for hundreds of years to prevent copper leaching in to food. These tin linings would eventually wear out and during the 18th and 19th century, it was common for people to send pans away to be re-tinned. This practice is becoming increasingly rare, as are the craftsmen who perform it. Despite this, there are still manufactures producing tin-lined copper cookware who also offer a re-lining service. Perhaps the best known of these is Mauviel, a French manufacturer who have been making this type of cookware since 1830. Tin has now largely been replaced by stainless steel as an interior cooking surface. Not only is it more cost effective, but the high grade of stainless steel used in premium cookware (typically 18/10) is highly resistant to corrosion and more durable than tin.Copper saucepans are still used in many kitchens.Small copper saucepan with long handle and three ridges around the circumference. Extensive corrosion.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, copper, saucepans, kitchen equipment

Hospital Organization and Operation, part of the W.R. Angus Collection. Author: Frank E. Chapman. Publisher: Macmillan & Co Date: 1924 Further Information: Hardcover, textured brown, embossed title and details in black embossed lettering.non-fictionThis publication, Hospital Organization and Operation (1924) by Frank Elmo Chapman, is a landmark early text in the field of modern healthcare administration. Published as part of the Modern Hospital Library series, this volume served as a practical, comprehensive guide to running a modern medical facility. During the 1920s, hospitals were rapidly evolving from charitable almshouses into complex, technology-driven scientific institutions. Chapman’s work addresses the internal machinery required to run a hospital efficiently, covering: · Administrative & Governance Structure: Defining the duties of hospital boards, superintendents, and department heads. · Departmental Workflow: Organising nursing services, dietary management, laundry, housekeeping, and medical record-keeping. · Financial Management: Standardised accounting, purchasing protocols, inventory control, and patient fee structures. · Medical Staff Integration: Rules and procedures for coordinating physician care with administrative operations.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, hospital organization and operation, book, dr w r angus, dr ryan, surgical instrument, t.s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, mira hospital, flying doctor, medical treatment, medical history, medical education, medical textbook

University of Ballarat is a predecessor institution of Federation University AustraliaPredominantly white and gold soft covered book outlining Research at the University of Ballarat. It includes information on: * Institute for Regional and Rural Research and Innovation * Centre for Regional Innovation and Competitiveness * Teaching to Global Citizenship * Older BLokes and Their Sheds: Community based Men's Sheds in Australia * Education and Re-education in Child Sexual Abuse * Water Demand Management and Climate Change * An Indigenous History of Stonington * Key Drivers of Change in Adult and Community Education * Benchmaking Research * Training for Child Protection * Grabbing a Lifeline to Better Health * Enhancing Nurse Preparation for health care practice * ACT for depression in adolescence * FRom Pokies to Peremptory PErsonal Pleasures * Worksafe Awards * Mineral Sands that are not sinking * Rising Generation Inspired by Trace Elements * Environmental Research from Namibia to Ballarat * Evaluation of VicHealth Sport & Physical Activity Programs * A good Hard Look at Sports Grounds * Preventing Knee Injuries inn Community Australian Football * WIDCORP Beyond the Pipelines *Woodside Energy Ltd Optimizes its Production * Australian Defence Force Seeks Best Fit * Mapping Augmentation Structures Images include: David Battersby, Wayne Robinson, Joel Epstein, Georgina Tsolidis, Barry Golding, Caroline Taylor, Julian Lowe, Laura Kostanski, Ian D. Clark, Jessie Harman, Patrick White, Angela Murphy, Katrina Brown, John McDonald, Robert Watson, Sally Wellard, Louise Hayes, Stephen Cowley, Susan Leggett, Steve Hall, Stafford McKnight, Larissa Koroznikova, Patrick Graz, David Stratton, Andrew Stranieri, John Yearwood widcorp, water in drylands collaborative research project, eugene kneebone

This dry tobacco variety of snuff is a finely ground, flavoured tobacco intended to be sniffed into the nose (not further into the sinuses or throat). It can vary in grind, blend and moistness. Snuff sniffing has been popular, particularly amongst the aristocracy, since the 1600’s and into the 1900’s and is becoming popular again as an alternative to smoking. It delivers a ‘hit’ of nicotine with lingering flavours that last for 15 to 20 minutes. It can be used by pinching a small amount from the container with thumb and forefinger then holding the pinched fingers to each nostril and giving a quick short sniff to transfer the snuff into the nostril. Another way is to sniff it from the ‘anatomical snuff box’, the depression on the back of the hand between base of thumb and forefinger. The user can also purchase a specially crafted snuff box or a bullet shaped nasal dispenser. A useful accessory to have on hand is a handkerchief, as the process of inhaling snuff can cause sneezing and increased nasal discharge. Snuff will keep in its sealed packet for up to 2 years, and for up to 6 months once the packet is opened and kept in a cool dark place. The most popular line of the Wilson’s snuffs is the SP line’s ‘Best SP Snuff”. They are also still selling Fribourg & Treyer’s “French Carrotte” and “Hot Dry Toast”. This snuff was part of Dr Angus's personal effects and was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII 1941-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Snuff in metal cylinder, part of the W.R. Angus Collection. Small silver metal cylinder with screw cap containing dark, fragrant ground substance. . Snuff aroma is “High Dry Toast”. Label on cylinder has information about the maker. The snuff container has been opened.Print on label reads "Fribourg & Treyer brand, est. 1720, Tobacconists & Purveyors of Foreign Snuff, to their Majesties the Kings of Stanober and Belgium, the Dukes of Sussex, Cambridge and Duchesses of Kent. No. 34 Upper End of the Haymarket W.S.1. Lloyds Leadenhal St, E.C.3, 130 High St Oxford and 18 Burlington Arcade, W.1".Symbol of a crown above a topless pyramid.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, dr w r angus, snuff, hot dry toast, fribourg & treyer, tobacco sniffing, personal effects

This dry tobacco variety of snuff is a finely ground, flavoured tobacco intended to be sniffed into the nose (not further into the sinuses or throat). It can vary in grind, blend and moistness. Snuff sniffing has been popular, particularly amongst the aristocracy, since the 1600’s and into the 1900’s and is becoming popular again as an alternative to smoking. It delivers a ‘hit’ of nicotine with lingering flavours that last for 15 to 20 minutes. It can be used by pinching a small amount from the container with thumb and forefinger then holding the pinched fingers to each nostril and giving a quick short sniff to transfer the snuff into the nostril. Another way is to sniff it from the ‘anatomical snuff box’, the depression on the back of the hand between base of thumb and forefinger. The user can also purchase a specially crafted snuff box or a bullet shaped nasal dispenser. A useful accessory to have on hand is a handkerchief, as the process of inhaling snuff can cause sneezing and increased nasal discharge. Snuff will keep in its sealed packet for up to 2 years, and for up to 6 months once the packet is opened and kept in a cool dark place. The most popular line of the Wilson’s snuffs is the SP line’s ‘Best SP Snuff”. They are also still selling Fribourg & Treyer’s “French Carrotte” and “Hot Dry Toast”. This snuff container was part of Dr. W.R. Angus' own personal effects. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII 1941-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Snuff in metal cylinder, part of the W.R. Angus Collection. Small silver metal cylinder with screw cap. Snuff aroma is “French Carotte”, The label gives details of the snuff and its maker. The cylinder has been opened. The label reads “Fribourg & Treyer brand, est. 1720, Tobacconists & Purveyors of Foreign Snuff, to their Majesties the Kings of Hanover and Belgium, the Dukes of Sussex, Cambridge and Duchess of Kent. No. 34 Upper End of the Haymarket W.S.1. Lloyds Leadenhall St, E.C.3, 130 High St Oxford and 18 Burlington Arcade, W.1.Symbol of a crown above a topless pyramid. Telephone Whitehall 1305, 14 c.c”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, dr w r angus, snuff, hot dry toast, fribourg & treyer, tobacco sniffing, personal effects

The Douay (Douai) Rheims Bible is an English translation of the Latin Vulgate Bible (which had been the Latin Bible used by the Catholic Church since the 4th century). It was produced by Roman Catholic scholars in exile from Elizabethan Protestant England at the English College of Douai (then in the Spanish Netherlands but later part of France). The New Testament translation was published in 1582 at Rheims where the English College had temporarily located in 1578. The Old Testament was translated shortly afterwards but was not published until 1609-1610 in Douay (which makes it older than the King James version). The completed work was the only authorized Bible in English for Roman Catholics until the 20th Century. Its purpose was to uphold the Catholic tradition in the face of the Protestant Reformation and was produced as an alternative to the several Protestant translations then in existence. Prior to it being published, the Roman Catholic practice had restricted personal use of the Bible, in the Latin Vulgate, to the clergy. Bishop Richard Challoner issued a series of revisions (1749 - 1772) intended to make the translation more easily understandable and subsequent editions (including this one) were based upon this revision. In 1871, an edition of the Douay - Rheims Bible was published by Thomas Kelly & Sons of Philadelphia (and later, New York). Thomas Kelly described himself as a "Publisher, Printer, Binder, Lithographer and Steel Plate Engraver". In 1876, Thomas Kelly won an award (a Diploma of Honor and a Medal of Merit) for "the Best Catholic Bibles and Prayer Books" at the International Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia and his firm continued to print editions of the Bible throughout the 1870's but little is known of him after 1880 when this edition was published. This Bible has been in the Kermond family from 1888 until 1984 when Laurence Kermond (its last owner) died. The Kermonds were an old Warrnambool family with ties to the district going back to the mid 1840's. Joseph Kermond's mother, Catherine (1818 - 1895) and her husband John Kermond,, an ex-convict (1809 - 1877), had moved from Tasmania around 1843 and were living in the Warrnambool area in 1844 where their eldest son was born. They had six more children born at Port Fairy (or Belfast as it was then called). Catherine is buried at the Tower Hill cemetery. The last owner of the Bible was Laurence Kermond (1918 - 1984). He was the great grandson of John and Catherine Kermond and was a well known painter who lived in the Merimbula and Paynesville areas of N.S. W. and Victoria during the 1970's and early 1980's. The story of Joseph Kermond finding the Bible on a beach on the Shipwreck Coast near Peterborough on the southern coast of Victoria, Australia is plausible as it was not uncommon for items from shipwrecks to be washed ashore. However this Bible would not have come from the wreck of the Loch Ard as the dates don't align. The Loch Ard was wrecked in 1878 and this Bible was printed in 1880. It appears to have been printed for the Australian market as there is a page (with an engraved portrait) dedicated to the "Most Rev. Roger Bede Vaughan, O. S. B. Archbishop of Sydney, N. S. W.". It may also have been aimed at the Irish immigrants as the four "Family Register" pages are decorated with borders of shamrocks. The donor found the Bible in a box of secondhand books on a market stall in Gippsland and recognised its links to the Shipwreck Coast through the name of previous owners (a well-known Warrnambool name) and the story of it being found on a beach near Peterborough. This Bible is a rare example of Douay and Reims Catholic Bible of the late 19th century that was once a treasured item belonging to the Kermond family - one of Warrnambool's early settlers. It also has a most unusual story attached to it - being found (and rescued) washed up on a local beach and almost one hundred years later, being rescued again from a secondhand book stall.This Catholic Bible is an 1880 edition of a "Douay Bible and Rheims Testament", printed and published by Thomas Kelly of New York. Its full title is "The Holy Bible translated from the Latin Vulgate Diligently Compared with The Hebrew, Greek and Other Editions in Various Languages". It is revised with annotations by the Right Rev. R. Challoner D.D. The Bible has brown leather embossed front and back covers decorated with identical ornate gilt patterns and a central picture of a cross. It has two coloured illustrations and numerous black and white lithographs and engravings including portraits of past popes, events and places from Bible stories and decorative borders. The Bible includes the Old and New Testaments, approbations from Pope Pius the Sixth and Archbishops of the United States and other countries (including Archbishop Vaughan of Sydney), a Family Register with handwritten notes on births, deaths and marriages from the Kermond family (as well as a description of how they obtained the bible), a Catholic dictionary of the Bible, a history of the Holy Scriptures, a chronological list of heretics (Theological history) and a description of the "Centennial Award - Diploma of Honor and medal of Merit" won by Thomas Kelly (for the "Best Catholic Bible") at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. The Records section has a note on the Memoranda page written by William John Kennard in 1920.Spine: HOLY BIBLE Title Page: THE/ HOLY BIBLE /TRANSLATED FROM/ THE LATIN VULGATE/ DILIGENTLY COMPARED WITH/THE HEBREW, GREEK AND OTHER EDITIONS/ IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES/ THE OLD TESTAMENT WAS FIRST PUBLISHED BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT DOUAY, A.D. 1600 / AND THE NEW TESTAMENT, BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT RHEIMS, A.D. 1582./ REVISED WITH ANNOTATIONS/ BY THE RIGHT REV. R. CHALLONER D.D./ TOGETHER WITH REFERENCES, AND AN HISTORICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX./ NOW CAREFULLY CORRECTED ACCORDING TO THE CLEMENTINE EDITION OF THE SCRIPTURES/ NEW YORK / THOMAS KELLY, PUBLISHER/ 17 BARCLAY STREET. / 1880 Dedication Page: DEDICATION OF THE ORIGINAL EDITION/ TO/ THAT LOYAL, RELIGIOUS AND ENLIGHTENED BODY OF MEN / THE/ CATHOLICS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/ IN ADMIRATION OF THE STEADY ZEAL WITH WHICH THEY HAVE KEPTTHE/DEPOSIT OF FAITH/ BEQUEATHED THEM BY THEIR FOREFATHERS/ AND HANDED DOWN, WITHOUT INTERRUPTION OT ADULTERATION, TO THEIR GRATEFUL POSTERITY/ THIS EDITION/ OF THE/DOUAY BIBLE AND RHEIMS TESTAMENT/ IS / WITH GRATITUDE FOR PAST FAVORS AND HOPES OF FUTURE ENCOURAGEMENT/ MOST RESPECTFULLY ENSCRIBED. Handwritten note: ""This Holy Book was found . on the beach . near Peterborough Vic. having been washed ashore . from the wreck of the Loch Ard, (sailing ship) in the year 1888 . By .Joseph . Kermond; and presented to . his mother . Catherine Kermond , who in turn passed it - on . to her youngest . son ; one Jacob Kermond. He in turn presented . it to his son . William John Kermond , (the writer), 23/3/20)" [Original punctuation]flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, peterborough, kermond, kermond family, loch ard, bible, douay and rheims bible, catholic bible, thomas kelly and sons publiisher, douai, rheims, holy bible, religious bible, catherine kermond, john kermond, william john kermond'

Circa late 1800s early 1900s a horse-drawn plough, potato digger, is one example of the implements that were widely used by early market gardeners in the Shire of Moorabbin. The flat plate, seen to the right of the photo, dug down into the ground below the potatoes and "scooped" them up. Behind the plate, two driving chains on cogs, (these chains are missing from our exhibit), then "rocked' the dug potatoes to loosen the soil from the "spuds". The potatoes were then harvested by hand. Very large tracts of land in the Shire of Moorabbin were planted with potatoes. Harvesting commenced in October, into November and on into December. Potatoes were a necessary food staple. The market gardeners were always in a rush to be first to get their potatoes to market, and hence the best price. Some market gardeners were so keen to be the first to market, (and get the most money), that they dug their potatoes "green" (or new). The only downside of this practice was that these early potatoes had to be handled with extreme care as their skins were very loose, and came off easily - so decreasing their profits.As well as taking their produce to the Melbourne and St Kilda markets, they also sent produce off to Sydney markets. It is interesting to note that a group of Chinese market gardeners were the first to access the Sydney market. .Following the 'Dendy's Special Survey' 1841 and the Crown Land Sale of 1852, land allotments were sold to pioneer settlers who established market gardens in the area of Moorabbin Shire. During the 1850s gold-rush population boom the number of market gardeners increased significantly spreading throughout the Moorabbin Shire. Potatoes were considered a staple foodstuff, so crops were regularly sown throughout the whole Moorabbin area. Circa late 1800s early 1900s. A horse-drawn plough potato digger is an example of the machines used by early market gardeners in Moorabbin Shiremelbourne, sydney, markets, vegetables, potato, dendy henry, st kilda, market gardeners, gold rush, moorabin, chinese gardeners, ploughs