Edmund 'Toby' Barton, Australian politician and judge, served as the first Prime Minister of Australia after the Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed on 1 January 1901, in office from 1901 to 1903. The Prime Ministers Avenue is a collection of bronze bust portraits of the Prime Ministers of Australia, located at the Ballarat Botanical Gardens in Ballarat, Victoria. The Prime Ministers' portraits are commissioned after the incumbent term of each Prime Minister by the City of Ballarat. The City of Ballarat has taken responsibility for commissioning the busts after funds set aside by politician Richard Armstrong Crouch were exhausted in 2014. Crouch originally donate money to pay for six busts, the first of which was unveiled in 1940. The collection of prime ministers' busts are unique in Australia, representing the only sculptural portrait collection of all past Australian Prime Ministers. The different styles used reflect the unique artistic practices of the selected artists; textures, sizes and features and proportions are used by the artists to interpret the characteristics of each of the subjects.The artwork is of historic and aesthetic significance to the people of BallaratBronze bust cast on granite plinth Edmund Barton Prime Minister 1901-03 first prime minister, australian prime minister

On March 2, 1940, Sir Winston Dugan, Governor of Victoria unveiled the busts of the six first prime ministers of Australia at a ceremony on the long avenue of Horse Chestnuts. The donor, Richard Armstrong Couch, was born in Ballarat in 1868.The Prime Ministers Avenue is a feature of national significance, set in the magnificent Horse Chestnut Avenue of the Gardens. The 28 Prime Ministers of Australia are displayed as bronze portraits mounted on polished granite pedestals. The collection includes a portrait of one of the founding fathers of Federation, Alfred Deakin, who was the first Federal Member for Ballarat and the second Prime Minister.Kodachrome slide depicting the gardens during the installation of the pedestals and busts of the first six prime ministers.Kodachromeballarat botanical gardens, trees, lawns, pathways, sculptures, busts, governors, prime ministers avenue, richard armstrong couch, federation, 1940, chestnut trees, horse chestnuts, bronze, granite, pedestals, alfred deakin, sir winston dugan, wallace anderson

On March 2, 1940, Sir Winston Dugan, Governor of Victoria unveiled the busts of the six first prime ministers of Australia at a ceremony on the long avenue of Horse Chestnuts. The donor, Richard Armstrong Couch, was born in Ballarat in 1868.The Prime Ministers Avenue is a feature of national significance, set in the magnificent Horse Chestnut Avenue of the Gardens. The 28 Prime Ministers of Australia are displayed as bronze portraits mounted on polished granite pedestals. The collection includes a portrait of one of the founding fathers of Federation, Alfred Deakin, who was the first Federal Member for Ballarat and the second Prime Minister.Kodachrome slide depicting a pathway and lawns where pedestals and busts of the first six prime ministers are lying on the ground to be installed. A man with hat, long winter coat is standing on the pathway.Kodachromeballarat botanical gardens, trees, men, pathways, lawns, sculptures, busts, prime ministers avenue, chestnut trees, granite, alfred deakin, federation, horse chestnuts, richard armstrong crouch, pedestals, governor, sir winston dugan, wallace anderson

On March 2, 1940, Sir Winston Dugan, Governor of Victoria unveiled the busts of the six first prime ministers of Australia at a ceremony on the long avenue of Horse Chestnuts. The donor, Richard Armstrong Couch, was born in Ballarat in 1868. Edmund Barton (1849 –1920) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1901 to 1903. He was appointed prime minister on 1 January 1901, the day on which the new federal constitution came into effect. The Prime Ministers Avenue is a feature of national significance, set in the magnificent Horse Chestnut Avenue of the Gardens. The 28 Prime Ministers of Australia are displayed as bronze portraits mounted on polished granite pedestals. The collection includes a portrait of one of the founding fathers of Federation, Alfred Deakin, who was the first Federal Member for Ballarat and the second Prime Minister.3/4 view using flash of the bronze bust and granite pedestal of Prime Minister, Edmund Barton in the Prime Ministers Avenue. A vertical scratch line is visible on the right side.Kodachromeballarat botanical gardens, trees, lawns, pathways, sculptures, busts, governors, prime ministers avenue, richard armstrong couch, federation, 1940, chestnut trees, horse chestnuts, bronze, granite, pedestals, alfred deakin, edmund barton, wallace anderson, sir winston dugan

Stanley Bruce was an Australian politician and diplomat, who served as Prime Minister between 1923 and 1929, when he became the first Prime Minister to lose his seat at an election. Lizzie Bennett married William Todd at Linton on New Year's Day 1882, and the Todds celebrated their Golden Wedding at Linton in 1932.Letter of thanks dated 19th February 1932, from S. M. Bruce, Commonwealth Treasury, Canberra, F.C.T. to Mrs L. Todd 10 Raglan Street, Ballarat.Text: COMMONWEALTH TREASURY / CANBERRA, F.C.T. " On back of letter: "My mother like myself used to write to congratulate any one for a good job done. australia gave this man a rough handling which didn't please my mother so she wrote to him this is the reply".stanley bruce, elizabeth (lizzie) todd

Map of Australia printed for the Centenary of Federation 1901-2001. Description of the footsteps to federation and starting at left pictures of: John Forrest (first premier of Western Australia) - Edmund Barton (Australia's first Prime Minister) - Charles Kingston (premier of South Australia) - Catherine Helen Spence (first woman to run for political office) - Alfred Deakin ( Australia's first deputy Prime Minister) - John Quick (Force behind the people convention) - Andrew Inglis Clark (Attorney General of Tasmania) - Henry Parkes (Premier of New South Wales) - Robert Garran (helped draft the final version of the Constitution) - George Reid (Premier of New South Wales) - Maybanke Wolstenholme (leading women' s suffrage and Federation campaigner) - Samuel Griffith (former Queensland Premier) - The Exhibition Building, Melbourne - Vaiben Louis Solomon (represented the Northern Territory). On the right the evolution of the colonies and the states from 1788 to 1915.australia, history, centenary of federation

This coin was issued to commemorate the centenary of Federation in Australia in 2001. The six Australian States were federated into the Commonwealth of Australia in January 1901 after several years of campaigning and planning. The first Prime Minister was Edmund Barton and the first Federal Parliament was held in Melbourne and continued to be held in Melbourne until the establishment of the Australian capital at Canberra in 1927. In 2001 ceremonies and celebrations were held all over Australia to commemorate the centenary of Federation. This coin is retained for display purposes as a souvenir of the centenary of Federation in AustraliaThis silver-coloured 12-sided coin has an image of Queen Elizabeth 11 and etched printing on one side and a Coat of Arms and printing on the other side. Elizabeth 11 Australia 2001 Centenary of Federation 1901 - 2001 New South Wales Fifty Cents federation in australia, history of warrnambool, coin

The book was published at a time when Australia's first woman Prime Minister was under constant personal attack from the media and political commentators. It discusses gender bias and respect.It highlights the gender bias in the business and particularly the political world and the reporting of the same.A 62 page book with black printing on multi coloured pages. The outer covers are pink in colour with white writing. 2 copies.julia gillard, politics, media bias, sexism, misogyny, victorian womens trust

In 1954, as the defeated French forces left the State of Vietnam, Ngô Đình Diệm, a devout Roman Catholic, became the first prime minister. In 1956, a government-controlled referendum determined that South Vietnam should become a republic rather than stay under the control of Emperor Bảo Đại (who was living in Cannes, on the French Riviera). Ngô Đình Diệm appointed himself the first President of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). He then appointed his younger brother, Ngô Đình Nhu, to be his chief advisor and head of both South Vietnam’s secret police and its largest intelligence agency. During 1963, a campaign of civil resistance led by Buddhist monks protested religious discrimination. The government’s brutal treatment of Buddhists convinced many that Ngô Đình Diệm should go. While the United States publicly denied playing any part in the 1963 coup that overthrew Diệm, it was revealed that American officials had met with and encouraged the generals who planned the coup. Both Ngô Đình Diệm and his brother, Ngô Đình Nhu, were executed on 2 November 1963. 1st elected president of South Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem. 1st president vietnam, ngo dinh diem, republic of vietnam, south vietnam, assassination, execution

This magazine supplement celebrates a most significant event in the history of Australia – Federation. Australia became a nation on 1 January 1901 when 6 British colonies – New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania – united to form the Commonwealth of Australia. Prior to this time each colony acted like a separate country which caused inefficiencies and problems as the population grew. Sir Henry Parkes began the movement towards a Commonwealth. Elected delegates worked through a series of processes to finally present a constitution that would unite the colonies and give Australia a federal system of government. The people of the colonies approved the constitution in a series of referendums. The Commonwealth of Australia was declared on 1 January 1901 at a ceremony held in Centennial Park in Sydney. During the ceremony, the first Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, was sworn-in and Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton, and federal ministers took the oath of office. The first federal elections for the new Australian Parliament were held on 29 and 30 March 1901. The first Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia was opened at noon on 9 May 1901 by the Duke of Cornwall and York (later King George V). For more information see https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/federation/the-federation-of-australia The item is significant as both a written and pictorial document pertaining to the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia.The magazine supplement, put out by the Sydney Mail, is a celebration issue for the new Commonwealth of Australia. It provides written background on the formation of the Commonwealth, maps of Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Adelaide and pictorial photos of each state and it’s capital city. It includes the portraits of: delegates to the National Australasian Convention, 1891; delegates to the Federal Convention, Sydney, 1897; delegates sent to England to see the Commonwealth Bill through the House of Commons; the Earl of Hopetoun, first Governor-General of Australia and Queen Victoria. Being a magazine supplement, it has pages at the beginning and end devoted to advertisements for a variety of goods ranging from jewellery to farm machinery. flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, commonwealth, federation, jan 1 – 1901, sydney mail, commonwealth number, melbourne 1901, sydney 1901, brisbane 1901, adelaide 1901, capital city maps 1901, victoria, tasmania, new south wales, queensland, south australia, western australia

Established by George Guthrie in 1857 (about 5km north of its current site) and then again seven years later in 1864 after it initially closed, Bendigo Pottery remains one of the most influential and longest running Pottery’s in Australia. Over the years the Pottery has contributed to the growth and development of the district through both its products including building products, table ware and decorative and commemorative war as well as artistically, being responsible for training and supporting many potters locally. The City of Greater Bendigo has had a long history of partnering with Bendigo Pottery and the Civic Collection holds a number of important items within its collection. This Sir Edmund Barton 'reform' flask was one of a limited edition character bottles produced by the Pottery to commemorate his contribution to Australian politics. Edmund Barton became Australia’s first Prime Minister on New Year’s Day 1901, at a huge public ceremony in Centennial Park in Sydney. Reform flasks were English salt-glazed stoneware flasks produced in the early 19th century shaped into the form of figures connected with the Reform Bill of 1832. Much was made of puns like ‘the spirit of reform’ at the time. Artist John Frith has taken the reform flask form as inspiration for a series of political ceramics of some Australian Prime Ministers. The series includes Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin and Chris Watson. Glazed ceramic flask in the shape of Sir Edmund Barton. Square shaped with most of the detail on the front facing side other than head which is more detailed. Cork still in place in top of head.On reverse of flask; Sir Edmund / Barton / Prime Minister / of Australia / 1901 to 1908 Bendigo Pottery / LMTED / Edition Series / 110/1200 /Australia Signed lower centre; 'Frith'australian politics, bendigo pottery

John Christian 'Chris' Watson, Australia's 3rd Prime Minister and the first Labor Prime Minister, held office for only four months in 1904. The Prime Ministers Avenue is a collection of bronze bust portraits of the Prime Ministers of Australia, located at the Ballarat Botanical Gardens in Ballarat, Victoria. The Prime Ministers' portraits are commissioned after the incumbent term of each Prime Minister by the City of Ballarat. The City of Ballarat has taken responsibility for commissioning the busts after funds set aside by politician Richard Armstrong Crouch were exhausted in 2014. Crouch originally donate money to pay for six busts, the first of which was unveiled in 1940. The collection of prime ministers' busts are unique in Australia, representing the only sculptural portrait collection of all past Australian Prime Ministers. The different styles used reflect the unique artistic practices of the selected artists; textures, sizes and features and proportions are used by the artists to interpret the characteristics of each of the subjects.The artwork is of historic and aesthetic significance to the people of BallaratBronze bust cast on granite plinthJohn Christian Watson Prime Minister 1904prime minister, australian pm

Victor GREENHALGH (1900-1982) Born Ballarat, Victoria Edward Gough Whitlam was born in Kew. In 1972 he became the first Australian Labor Party Prime Minister in 23 years, and served as Prime Minister until 1975 when the Governor-General dismissed the government. Victor Greenhalgh was born and educated in Ballarat. He was a student, then a staff member of the Ballarat School of Mines Technical Art School. Greenhalgh was appointed head of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology's Att School in 1955. He died in 1983. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Marquette of a bust of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. It was used for the bronze bust in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens. art, artwork, prime minister, gough whitlam, prime ministers avenue, victor greenhalgh, sculpture, bust, ballarat botanical garden, ballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, alumni

Established by George Guthrie in 1857 (about 5km north of its current site) and then again seven years later in 1864 after it initially closed, Bendigo Pottery remains one of the most influential and longest running Pottery’s in Australia. Over the years the Pottery has contributed to the growth and development of the district through both its products including building products, table ware and decorative and commemorative war as well as artistically, being responsible for training and supporting many potters locally. The City of Greater Bendigo has had a long history of partnering with Bendigo Pottery and the Civic Collection holds a number of important items within its collection. This John C Watson (Chris Watson) 'reform' flask was one of a limited edition character bottles produced by the Pottery to commemorate important figures in Australian politics. He was the first Labour Prime Minister elected forming a minority government in April 1904, aged 37, after the ALP withdrew its support from Deakin. He was one of the first socialists to head a government in a parliamentary system, attracting international attention, and remains Australia's youngest prime minister. After less than four months in office, the Watson government lost a confidence motion and Watson was succeeded as prime minister by anti-socialist George Reid. The original reform flasks were English salt-glazed stoneware flasks produced in the early 19th century shaped into the form of figures connected with the Reform Bill of 1832. Much was made of puns like ‘the spirit of reform’ at the time. Artist John Frith has taken the reform flask form as inspiration for a series of political ceramics of some Australian Prime Ministers. The series included Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin and Watson.Glazed ceramic flask in the shape John Watson. Square shaped with most of the detail on the front facing side other than head which is more detailed. Cork still in place in top of head.On reverse of flask; John C Watson / Prime Minister / of Australia / 27.4.1904 / To / 18 .08. 1904 Bendigo Pottery / LMTED / Edition Series / 55/1200 /Australia Signed lower centre; 'Frith'australian politics, bendigo pottery

Queen Victoria was born at Kensington Palace, London, on 24 May 1819. She was the only daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, the fourth son of George III. Her father died shortly after her birth and she became heir to the throne because the three uncles who were ahead of her in the succession - George IV, Frederick Duke of York, and William IV - had no legitimate children who survived. Warmhearted and lively, Victoria had a gift for drawing and painting; educated by a governess at home, she was a natural diarist and kept a regular journal throughout her life. On William IV's death in 1837, she became Queen at the age of 18. Queen Victoria is associated with Britain's great age of industrial expansion, economic progress and, especially, empire. At her death, it was said, Britain had a worldwide empire on which the sun never set. In the early part of her reign, she was influenced by two men: her first Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne, and then her husband, Prince Albert, whom she married in 1840. Both men taught her much about how to be a ruler in a 'constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch had very few powers but could use much influence. Albert took an active interest in the arts, science, trade and industry; the project for which he is best remembered was the Great Exhibition of 1851, the profits from which helped to establish the South Kensington museums complex in London. Her marriage to Prince Albert produced nine children between 1840 and 1857. Most of her children married into other Royal families in Europe. Edward VII (born 1841), married Alexandra, daughter of Christian IX of Denmark. Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born 1844) married Marie of Russia. Arthur, Duke of Connaught (born 1850) married Louise Margaret of Prussia. Leopold, Duke of Albany (born 1853) married Helen of Waldeck-Pyrmont. Victoria, Princess Royal (born 1840) married Friedrich III, German Emperor. Alice (born 1843) married Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Helena (born 1846) married Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Louise (born 1848) married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll. Beatrice (born 1857) married Henry of Battenberg. Victoria bought Osborne House (later presented to the nation by Edward VII) on the Isle of Wight as a family home in 1845, and Albert bought Balmoral in 1852. Victoria was deeply attached to her husband and she sank into depression after he died, aged 42, in 1861. She had lost a devoted husband and her principal trusted adviser in affairs of state. For the rest of her reign she wore black. Until the late 1860s she rarely appeared in public; although she never neglected her official Correspondence, and continued to give audiences to her ministers and official visitors, she was reluctant to resume a full public life. She was persuaded to open Parliament in person in 1866 and 1867, but she was widely criticised for living in seclusion and quite a strong republican movement developed. Seven attempts were made on Victoria's life, between 1840 and 1882 - her courageous attitude towards these attacks greatly strengthened her popularity. With time, the private urgings of her family and the flattering attention of Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister in 1868 and from 1874 to 1880, the Queen gradually resumed her public duties. In foreign policy, the Queen's influence during the middle years of her reign was generally used to support peace and reconciliation. In 1864, Victoria pressed her ministers not to intervene in the Prussia-Denmark war, and her letter to the German Emperor (whose son had married her daughter) in 1875 helped to avert a second Franco-German war. On the Eastern Question in the 1870s - the issue of Britain's policy towards the declining Turkish Empire in Europe - Victoria (unlike Gladstone) believed that Britain, while pressing for necessary reforms, ought to uphold Turkish hegemony as a bulwark of stability against Russia, and maintain bi-partisanship at a time when Britain could be involved in war. Victoria's popularity grew with the increasing imperial sentiment from the 1870s onwards. After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the government of India was transferred from the East India Company to the Crown, with the position of Governor-General upgraded to Viceroy, and in 1877 Victoria became Empress of India under the Royal Titles Act passed by Disraeli's government. During Victoria's long reign, direct political power moved away from the sovereign. A series of Acts broadened the social and economic base of the electorate. These acts included the Second Reform Act of 1867; the introduction of the secret ballot in 1872, which made it impossible to pressurise voters by bribery or intimidation; and the Representation of the Peoples Act of 1884 - all householders and lodgers in accommodation worth at least £10 a year, and occupiers of land worth £10 a year, were entitled to vote. Despite this decline in the Sovereign's power, Victoria showed that a monarch who had a high level of prestige and who was prepared to master the details of political life could exert an important influence. This was demonstrated by her mediation between the Commons and the Lords, during the acrimonious passing of the Irish Church Disestablishment Act of 1869 and the 1884 Reform Act. It was during Victoria's reign that the modern idea of the constitutional monarch, whose role was to remain above political parties, began to evolve. But Victoria herself was not always non-partisan and she took the opportunity to give her opinions, sometimes very forcefully, in private. After the Second Reform Act of 1867, and the growth of the two-party (Liberal and Conservative) system, the Queen's room for manoeuvre decreased. Her freedom to choose which individual should occupy the premiership was increasingly restricted. In 1880, she tried, unsuccessfully, to stop William Gladstone - whom she disliked as much as she admired Disraeli and whose policies she distrusted - from becoming Prime Minister. She much preferred the Marquess of Hartington, another statesman from the Liberal party which had just won the general election. She did not get her way. She was a very strong supporter of the Empire, which brought her closer both to Disraeli and to the Marquess of Salisbury, her last Prime Minister. Although conservative in some respects - like many at the time she opposed giving women the vote - on social issues, she tended to favour measures to improve the lot of the poor, such as the Royal Commission on housing. She also supported many charities involved in education, hospitals and other areas. Victoria and her family travelled and were seen on an unprecedented scale, thanks to transport improvements and other technical changes such as the spread of newspapers and the invention of photography. Victoria was the first reigning monarch to use trains - she made her first train journey in 1842. In her later years, she became the symbol of the British Empire. Both the Golden (1887) and the Diamond (1897) Jubilees, held to celebrate the 50th and 60th anniversaries of the Queen's accession, were marked with great displays and public ceremonies. On both occasions, Colonial Conferences attended by the Prime Ministers of the self-governing colonies were held. Despite her advanced age, Victoria continued her duties to the end - including an official visit to Dublin in 1900. The Boer War in South Africa overshadowed the end of her reign. As in the Crimean War nearly half a century earlier, Victoria reviewed her troops and visited hospitals; she remained undaunted by British reverses during the campaign: 'We are not interested in the possibilities of defeat; they do not exist.' Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, on 22 January 1901 after a reign which lasted almost 64 years, then the longest in British history. Her son, Edward VII succeeded her. She was buried at Windsor beside Prince Albert, in the Frogmore Royal Mausoleum, which she had built for their final resting place. Above the Mausoleum door are inscribed Victoria's words: "Farewell best beloved, here, at last, I shall rest with thee, with thee in Christ I shall rise again." Source: https://www.royal.uk/queen-victoria This picture captures Queen Victoria in her later years. It may well have been painted to commemorate her Golden Anniversary in 1887, or her Diamond Anniversary in 1897.Picture, print, reproduction of a drawing or photograph of Queen Victoria. She is wearing a dark-coloured dress, white headdress and a diamond necklace and earrings. On her left shoulder is the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, awarded to female members of the British Royal Family and female courtiers. There are four grades or classes of this Royal Order as well as the Sovereign's Badge, which is exclusive to her. Also across her left shoulder, is a blue riband representing the Order of the Garter. The picture is in a medium-coloured timber frame with a white string across the width at the rear. The label says it was framed by Hoy Art, Warrnambool. The signature of the Queen is on the picture but is not obvious since the picture has been re-framed."HOY ART / PICTURE FRAMING / 48 Kepler St, Warrnambool 3280 / Phone (055) 62 8022" Signature (hidden by new framing) "Victoria H.R.S."flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, picture of queen victoria, queen victoria, the royal order of victoria and albert, the order of the garter, hoy art

This Post Office Receiving Pillar was restored in 1980 and is now a fully operational Australia Post mailbox. In early August 1980 Prime Minister Mr. Fraser posted Warrnambool’s first commemorative envelope into this restored Post Office Receiving Pillar at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. The special limited edition envelopes are numbered 1 – 7000. When posted, the envelopes would have the Flagstaff Hill Logo and Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village’s own postmark of a ship’s steering wheel surrounding a lighthouse and a sailing ship, and were dated August 3 on the First Day Cover. Amongst Flagstaff Hill’s collection is that very first letter posted by Prime Minister Fraser. HISTORY OF POST OFFICE RECEIVING PILLARS In 1851 ‘pillar boxes’ were installed at roadside locations in the island of Jersey, England; they had already been successful in several European countries. The use of new prepaid, adhesive postage stamps as well as the roadside pillar boxes meant there was no need for the public to take a trip to the Post Office just to post a letter. By 1855 London had installed its first six Pillar Boxes. In 1856 the pillar boxes were first introduced in Sydney. These were circular with a crown on the dome, supported by leaves. Early Victoria Mail was originally collected by ‘letter carriers’, first appointed in Melbourne in 1841, equipped with leather bag and hand bell. He wore a red coat with brass buttons and a black top hat! In 1844 two wooden receiving boxes were erected in Melbourne. The first cast iron boxes were installed in South Melbourne (Emerald Hill) and were still in service until 1967. They were a fluted circular design and made in England. In the early 1860’s the ‘low door round’ design posting box was introduced, being circular and surrounded by a crown, with two broad embossed bands around its circumference. The clearance door was in front of the box and low down. These were made in Australia. In the early 1870’s square boxes with a tapering top were being used. These too were made in Australia by different manufacturers with slight variations on style such as the orientation and number of slots. Next came the circular boxes again, similar to the ‘low door round’ but with the clearance door extending to just below the posting slot, often referred to as ‘high door round’. These boxes did not have embossed bands. In 1887 small cast iron boxes were introduced, attached to posts and poles and called ‘lamp post receivers’. Around 1930 a ‘London’ model was used in Victoria. It was copied from the flat-domed type in London but made in Tasmania. [References: Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village records, The Warrnambool Standard, August 1st, 1980, “Stamps.Au” http://www.stampsau.com, 4th April 2011 (Extracted from “Australian Street Posting Boxes” by Ken Sparks – out of print)] Post Office Receiving Pillar, or letterbox.1885 “High Door Round” design. Tall cast iron cylinder with decorative dome cap with crown on top. Side has a slot and a hinged door with handle shaped as a fist. Painted red with gold trim. “POST OFFICE / RECEIVING PILLAR” lettering cast into cylinder. Restored in 1980 and once again operating as an Australia Post mailbox. Commemorative plague on pillar.“POST OFFICE / RECEIVING PILLAR” lettering cast into cylinder. Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum – Port of Warrnambool. This letter receiver was officially commissioned on 3rd August 1980 by the Prime Minister of Australia, the Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser M.P. on completion of 25 years’ service as the Federal Minister for Wannon.”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, post office receiving pillar, letterbox, mailbox, australia post

Chiltern Pharmacy, now called Dow's Pharmacy, opened in 1859 at a time when the township of Chiltern was experiencing a second-wave gold rush that redistributed the balance of commercial and social activity in the region. David McEwan, father of Prime Minister John McEwan, was one of the first pharmacists practicing at the business. It was purchased in 1929 by pharmacist Hilda Dow who ran the business with her apprentice and husband, Roy Dow, until they closed the business in 1968. In 1988, after founding the North East branch of the National Trust, the Dows donated the premises with its entire fittings and stock. Some of the more than 4,000 items in stock at the time of closure in 1968 were present in the shop when the Dows took charge in 1929 and date to the late Nineteenth Century (around the time this image was taken). Hilda Dow (nee Grey) was born in 1897, the daughter of a police magistrate. She enrolled to study at the Victorian College of Pharmacy in 1919 and worked initially for Poynton's Pharmacy in Morwell before purchasing the Chiltern Pharmacy that was later named after her. She was a member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria, a hospital committee and Board, the Red Cross and the Infant Welfare Association and held office for the Chiltern branch of the Country Women's Association. Her sister Helene Grey received an OBE for her work as Lady Superintendent of the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Although Hilda Dow was not Australia's first female pharmacist (this was Caroline Copp in 1880) the preservation of the pharmacy and the stories it presents sheds light on the general issue of recognition for female medical pioneers in Australia. Lantern slides, sometimes called 'magic lantern' slides, are glass plates on which an image has been secured for the purpose of projection. Glass slides were etched or hand-painted for this purpose from the Eighteenth Century but the process became more popular and accessible to the public with the development of photographic-emulsion slides used with a 'Magic Lantern' device in the mid-Nineteenth Century. Photographic lantern slides comprise a double-negative emulsion layer (forming a positive image) between thin glass plates that are bound together. A number of processes existed to form and bind the emulsion layer to the base plate, including the albumen, wet plate collodion, gelatine dry plate and woodburytype techniques. Lantern slides and magic lantern technologies are seen as foundational precursors to the development of modern photography and film-making techniques.This image is significant as it provides insight into social and commercial infrastructure available in the North-East region of Victoria in the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries. The business pictured is also associated with a Prime Minister of Victoria and some of Victoria's first female medical and pharmaceutical practitioners. Thin translucent sheet of glass with a circular image printed on the front and framed in a black backing. It is held together by metals strips to secure the edges of the slide.burke museum, beechworth, lantern slide, slide, glass slide, plate, burke museum collection, photograph, monochrome, hilda dow, roy dow, chiltern pharmacy, dow's pharmacy, chiltern, indigo shire, north east victoria, history of pharmacies, women in pharmacy, women in medicine, women in business, david mcewan, john mcewan, national trust, national trust victoria, north-east victoria national trust, heritage buildings, industrial heritage, helene grey, pharmaceutical society of victoria, victorian college of pharmacy, country women's association, caroline copp, royal melbourne hospital, red cross, infant welfare association

The Warrnambool Standard Centenary Issue, 1872 - 1972, summarises the local and world history highlights over 100 years. The pages in the images are a sample of the newspaper's contents. They show: - PAGE 1; sketches of two young women, one dressed in 1872 fashion, the other in 1972 fashion. PAGE 34; This page was dedicated to the Ponting Bros. The business celebrated its Centenary in 1972. There apr photographs of the original and the new building, and a photograph and names of the staff of 1972. PAGES 34-38: Lift out facsimile copy of the first edition of The Standard (no longer in 3096.01) PAGE 39; In January 1917 Mr Basil Watson flew the first aeroplane to visit the Warrnambool area. He entertained the crowds by performing aerobic acrobatics in the plane he'd built himself. Two months later he died in a plane accident. PAGE 70; In 1967 Australia's Prime Minister, Mr Harold Holt, goes missing, presumed drowned. PAGE 71; In 1970 the mystery of four bodies were found in a car that crashed over the cliff at Loch Ard Gorge, near Port Campbel, made headlines in the Standard. PAGE 72; The back page features a photograph and greetings from Fletcher Jones and Staff. There are many staff members in front of the Fletcher Jones factory in Warrnambool, which was established around 1924.The centennial edition of the Standard newspaper includes local social, economic and historical aspects of Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia and the World. It reflects the interests of the local community and the reactions to the events of the time.The Standard, Warrnambool, Centenary Issue 1872 – 1972 (Two copies).100 years of District Service. The issue includes World and Local History, Advertisements, Timeline, Facsimile of the First Issue, Shipwrecks, and Wars. The Centenary edition was printed on October 2, 1972, 72 pages. One copy (3096.02) includes the centre lift-out on pages 35 to 38 of a facsimile copy of the first edition published on October 1, 1872.Page 1: "The Standard Warrnambool" "Warrnambool Standard Centenary Issue October 2 1972, 72 pages" On illustration of building "1872 / Warrnambool Standard" Page 34: "On this site ... since 1924" [Ponting Bros} "Staff of Ponting Bros. 1972" Page 39: "Aviation history-maker" "RECORD TRIP BY FIRST PLANE TO VISIT CITY" "Thrilling display of aerial acrobatics" Page 70: "PM HOLT IS PRESUMED DROWNED" "GAVE GOVT. IMAGE OF YOUTH" Page 71: "Where death car crashed on ledge" "PT CAMPBELL MYSTERY: FOUR BODIES FOUND IN CAR AT BOTTOM OF CLIFF" "POLICE SEARCH SWINGS BACK TO MELBOURNE" Page 72: "Greetings to the"Standard"" "Fletcher Jones" flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, ladies fashion 1872, ladies fashion 1972, ponting bros. centenary 1872-1972, ponting bros. staff, basil watson, basil watson 1917, harold holt 1967, car crash at loch ard gorge, fletcher jones and staff 1972, the standard centenary 1872-1972, warrnambool newspaper, warrnambool standard, centenary edition, the standard

Elizabeth Edith Mack was born to parents William & Elizabeth (nee Wilmont) Hatton, in approx. 1873 in Moyston, Victoria. She married Frederick David Mack (a wool and skin buyer) in approx. 1903. Frederick Mack was born in 1968 in Warrnambool to parents Joseph and Louisa Mary (nee Despard) Mack. Joseph served as Shire Secretary. The Mack family (including Elizabeth and Frederick) occupied the same sandstone house in the town for more than a century. They had at least 5 children. Elizabeth Edith Mack died in Warrnambool in 1931 aged 58 years. The Circular Memorial Window was erected in her memory by her children. Elizabeth and Frederick's son, Ronald, became The Honorable Sir Ronald (William) Mack, M.L.C. President of the Legislative Council of Victoria. He was knighted in 1967 (the first Warrnambool -Born person to be so honoured) while Minister for Health and regarded the care of the Mentally Ill of prime importance but also the care of the aged. He was given a state funeral after his death in 1968, the service being conducted at Christ Church.The Mack family was a prominent pioneer family in Warrnambool. Her son Ronald William Mack was the first Warrnambool-born person to be knighted.Circular stained glass window above five lancet windows in the west wall of the second nave, depicts 'Christ Ascending in Glory'. The inscription is on a mosaic plaque below the central window.The mosaic tablet below the centrral light refers to this memorial to Elizabeth Mack. "The Above Circular Window/ is erected/ To the Glory of God, in Memory of/ our beloved Mother/ Elizabeth Edith Mack/who departed this life on 23rd December 1931."mack elizabeth edith mack - elizabeth hatton - elizabeth wilmont - moyston victoria - frederick david mack - wool and skin buyer - shire secretary - sir ronald william mack - state funeral - circular window - memorial window - stained glass - christ churc warrnambool