This Gestetner Cyclostyle duplicating machine was invented and manufactured by David Gestetner. He claimed in 1922, once he had released several models, that if a Gestetner Durotype stencil was used together with his Cyclostyle machine, then 10,000 copies could be made from the one Durotype stencil, an amazing claim for office technology of that era. David Gestetner (1854-1939), was born in Csoma, Hungary. He has been called the “founder of the worldwide office copying and duplicator industry.). He moved to London and in 1879 filed his first copying patent. In 1881 he patented the Cyclostyle stylus (or pen), which was used in conjunction with his Cyclograph device for copying text and images, He established the Gestetner Cyclograph Company in England at this time (1881) to protect his inventions and to produce his products; stencils, stylos (stylus or pen) and ink rollers. HIs inventions included nail-clipper and the ball-point pen (although the latter is more commonly associated with Laszlo Biro). Gestetner’s patented Cyclograph duplicator was used with his Cyclostyle Stylus or pen to write or draw on special thin wax-coated stencil paper (originally used for kite making paper) in the following way; 1. The Cyclostyle stencil was placed on a lower, framed metal plate of the Cyclograph 2. An upper frame was clipped over the top 3. The Cyclostyle pen, with its tip being a small metal-spiked or toothed wheel, was used to write or draw on the stencil, punched small holes into the paper and removed the wax coating in those places 4. The upper frame and stencil was then removed and a piece of blank paper was placed onto the metal plate in the lower frame and the upper frame with stencil was replaced 5. A roller was given an even distribution of Cyclostyle ink and rolled by hand over the stencil in the frame. This forced the ink through the holes in the stencil to and made a copy of the stencil on the paper 6. The upper frame was raised, the printed paper removed and another blank sheet was put into place. The whole process was repeated until enough copies were made. Gestetner’s invention developed further in 1894, with a stencil that could be placed on a screen on a revolving drum. The drum was manually rotated, the stencil then wrapped around another drum and was fed between cloth-covered rollers on which ink was evenly spread. Each revolution of the drum forced ink through the holes in the stencil and transferred the ink onto paper that had been fed between rollers and pressed against the drum. The process was repeated for each page. The paper was still fed and removed manually in this earlier invention but became more automatic in later models. In 1902 Gestetner duplicator model 6 was put onto the market. This model included the improvement of an automatic paper feed that synchronised with the rotation of the stencil. The Gestetner machine was the first office printing machine. It was easily installed and it made exact copies of the sane document quickly, effectively and inexpensively. This changed the way offices operated, making information easily available to many more users. The machines were commonly used in small businesses, schools, churches, clubs and other organisations for the wide distribution of a wide variety of information in the form of worksheets, newsletters and more. In 1906 the Gestetner Works were opened in Tottenham Hale, North London, and thousands of people were employed there up until the 1970’s. Due to the fast growing success of the Gestetner Duplicator machines many international branches for sales and service centres were established. David Gestetner was succeeded by his son Sigmund, followed by his grandson’s David and Jonathan. Further advancement was made by using a manual typewriter with specifically designed stencils. The end product was a printed, typewritten copy similar to the print from newspapers and booklets. In the next few years there were further developments of this revolutionary invention. The Gestetner Cyclostyle duplicator in our Collection is dated c.1922 - 1929 and it uses Gestetner Durotype stencils The 1922 British Industries Fair’s catalogue contained advertising for the Gestetner Rotary Cyclostyle “The World’s Premier Duplicator”, demonstrated at Stand K 86.” A Notice at the foot of the advertisement’s page boasts "Important - D Gestetner's latest invention, the "Durotype" Stencil, enables you to obtain 10,000 copies from one original if desired. It contains no wax of any description, is indestructible, can be stored indefinitely and printed from as required” In 1929 the look of the Gestetner machines changed; American designer Raymond Loewy was invited by Gestetner to improve the look of his duplicators, resulting in a very streamlined appearance. Eventually, around 1960’s, offices replaced their Gestetner with small photocopying machines and printers. Gestetner took over ownership of other office machine companies over time, including Nashua, Rex Rotary, Hanimex and Savin and eventually all came under the holding company name of NRG (Nashuatech, Rex Rotary and Gestetner). In 1996 Ricoh acquired the Gestetner Company, and it was renamed the NRG Group. REFERENCES Cyclostyle, Stencil Duplicating Machines, antique Copying Machines, Early Office Museum, http://www.officemuseum.com/copy_machines.htm Duplicating machines, Wikipedia Duplicator, Collection online, Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation http://techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/collection-item.php?id=1989.0229.001 Gestetner duplicators, Totterham-Summerhillroad.com http://tottenham-summerhillroad.com/gestetner_duplicators_tottenham.htm Gestetner Duplicator, V&A Museum http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O322014/gestetner-duplicator-duplicator-loewy-raymond-fernand/ Gestetner, Grace’s Guide to British Industrial History, http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Gestetner Duplicating machines such as this one revolutionalised access to copies of printed material, changing the way that educational bodies, offices, small businesses and community clubs and charities operated.Duplicating machine, Gestetner Cyclostyle Durotype, a stencil-method duplicating machine with two rotating drums plus rollers. Hand operated, tabletop office machine. Front has folding Bakelite handle, oil filling hole, calibrating gauge with scale, and copy counting meter. Right side has printed manufacturer’s plate that slides out as a paper output tray. Left side has metal plate with protrusions and perforations, plus another similar plate that is detached. It also has a metal frame attached [that would have been used to hold a paper input board, adjusted for various sizes of paper]. Cover, metal, with folding wooden handle on top, attaches to base with metal clips. Inscriptions printed on machine, mostly in gold-coloured paint. Round metal manufacturing plate is stamped with Serial Number 95759. Made by D. Gestetner, London, c.1922-1929Maker’s plate “MANUFACTURED / BY / D. GESTETNER LTD, / No. 95759 / CYCLOSTYLE WORKS / TOTTENHAM HALE / LONDON, N” Copy counting meter shows “1 4 6 4 8 [space]“ copies. Calibrating gauge has divisions with numbers “0 1 2“, labelled “← [left arrow] “TO PRINT LOWER” and “→ [right arrow], TO PRINT HIGHER”. “The Gestetner”, “Cyclostyle”, “Gestetner” (Trade Mark), Right side print of manufacturing details includes “The / Gestetner / TRADE MARK” And “THE FOLLOWING TRAFE MARKS / - - - OF INK, STENCILS / - - - AND GUARANTEE OF PERFECT / - - - BOTH - - - AND MACHINE” and “CYCLOSTYLE / DUROTYPE / GESTETNER” and “D. Gestetner” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, office machine, copying machine, gestetner machine, duplicating machine, duplicator, stencil machine, gestetner cyclograph company, cyclograph, cyclostyle, d. gestetner ltd, gestetner durotype stencils, gestetner cyclostyle, printing machine, office technology, durotype stencils, david gestetner, raymond loewy, roneo, rotary duplicatorten, mimeo, mimeograph machine, roneograph copier

The Gestetner is a type of duplicating machine named after its inventor, David Gestetner (1854-1939). (Ref. Wikipedia) Used as a photocopying machine. It made multiple typed or written document copies.

Collection of six Printer’s Tools used at Stawell Times - Gestetnerstawell

The MMTB Timetable details the trips from Elsternwick or Point Ormond for each day of the week. The sheet records the time of the last tram, 1036pm, driver G Loft No. 2480, and the tram as X2 677 on 22-10-1960. The donor advised that the MMTB following the practice adopted for the Bourke St changeover in 1940, the MMTB chose to pull the tram service before the last advertised trip for the day. Those present to ride the last started early and rode up and down for quite a few runs, then, on one arrival at Elsternwick Station, the Inspector (known as grasshoppers or Braids) on board instructed the driver to keep going and we rode through to GH Depot without paying another fare. They noted a half-cab bus, destination 'Clifton Hill', lurking ready to take up the running. The donor reported (and as you will see from the endorsements on the timetable) “I circled the time of the last run and got the signature and badge number of the driver. The rubber-stamp impressions were also applied to souvenir tickets (3d).” Yields information about the Point Ormond Service prior to its closure and records details of the last tram service.Foolscap Gestetner duplicated sheet, dated 29/1/1960Marked to show the last tram on 22-10-1960, time, tramcar and driver's name and number.tramways, timetables, tram 677, point ormond, closure, last tram

Two page Gestetner copy of an amended timetable for tram services in Bendigo for the SECV issued October 1955. Gives times for the departure from the City and the terminus for the Eaglehawk, Quarry Hill, Golden Square and North Bendigo routes. On Gestetner foolscap sized paper, stapled in the top left corner. Headed the "Electricity Supply Department - Northern Branch" bendigo, secv, timetables, tram services

Details the sign on / sign off times for each run number operated by Motormen / Conductors and where they signed on, either depot or city and the total time worked for that particular shift. Has "LJD / 3/70", showing that Les Denmead authorised the roster. Was part of D. J. Everett papers. 2296.1 - as above, but typed original in a vertical or portrait format, rather than a landscape format. From the SEC 1971. 2nd copy of 2296 added 10/1/2007. 2nd copy of 2296.1, added 2/8/2012. See item 9939 for an original typed copy.Demonstrates aspects of the Ballarat Tramways management system of operations, the way the crews were given information on operating times, lunch breaks etc. The last timetable alteration.Single sheet of off white duplicating paper titled "On and Off - Total Times of Duty". Printed by wax cut stencil or Gestetner method. trams, tramways, ballarat, rosters, employees, shifts, timetables

THE HISTORICAL RECORDS OF ST MARY'S KANGAROO FLAT Hand made book with gestetner printed pages. Stapled together. Written by P D Kissick 31.10.1982P.D. Kissickchurch, history, st. mary's kangaroo flat, st. mary's, kangaroo flat. church.

Provides a listing allocation of tramcars to various depots, workshops, storage and disposal and includes Footscray tram depot which was to close later that year.Yields information about the distribution of the Melbourne tramcar fleetTwo foolscap sheets stapled in top left hand corner, Gestetner printed, titled "MMTB Engineering Department - Workshops and Runningsheds Branch - Allocation of Tramcars January 1962",tramcars, tramways, mmtb, lists, depot, depot allocation

Corrector fluid was used to cover typing mistakes before retyping over it upon drying. Correction fluid became available sold with a brush and was drier and therefore quicker to use. Computers then followed with 'delete' keys to correct mistakes. History of Gestetner Company.Jan worked as a typist in the S.E.C. offices and would have used corrector fluid when typing reports etc..Small bottle with no neck and with black bakelite lid. Inside there is a bright pink liquid of 'Corrector fluid'. Cardboard box containing the bottle is lined with cardboard and is red with white writing on the top and white with black writing on the bottom. Each side of the box is written the Brand name and Directions each side in different languages. Embossed on bottle AA517 on base Embossed on bottle UC or UG on basecorrector fluid bottle; gestetner company

Provides a list of bus route numbers in 1961 and 1962. The 1962 sheet shows the additional routes following the take over of the bus routes in the Box Hill, Warrandyte and Ringwood areas.Yields information about bus route numbers.Set of two, Gestetner printed lists, foolscap sheets titled "MMTB Bus Routes Numbers". .1 - dated March 1961 - 1 sheet .2 - dated December 1962 - 2 sheetsItem 2 has "Obtained 2 May 1967" along top edge.tramways, trams, mmtb, route numbers, routes, buses

Letter - or form letter - Gestetner printed, from the, Manager repair shops, Tramway Board Repair Shops Nicholson St, advising the Town Clerk of a plan to open road for repairs. Printed on a quarto sheet.trams, tramways, tramway board, cable trams, track repairs, trackwork, maintenance, nicholson st, workshops

Photograph of Bendigo Birney No. 29 in Pall Mall, eastbound nearing Charing Cross. Based on the cars in the photo and Reg Item 432, date could be 12-4-1959. In the background is McKenna's furniture store, Suttons Pty Ltd, Hume & Iser, UFS Dispensary, The Bendigo Advertiser, and a sign for Gestetner sales and service.Yields information about Bendigo tram 29 and Pall Mall c1959.Negative and Digital images of the Wal Jack Bendigo Negative file.trams, tramways, bendigo, pall mall, tram 29

Typists used carbon paper to make copies of letters and documents.These stencils were used in the SECV office on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme where Jan Burnett worked.Large cream and red cardboard box with 10 Gestetner Typing Plate with carbon and backing sheets. Each group of papers is attached to a single paper with green stripes with random looking holes. On cover of box in red 'Durotype 62'Side of box in blue ink 'stencils'gestetner. typist. carbon paper. stencils.

Photo of Bendigo Birney No. 28 in Pall Mall opposite near Post Office, Photo by Wal Jack, 3-1-54. In the background are shops for: Suttons Furniture, McKenna's, Hume & Iser Dispensary, and Gestetner Sales and Service. Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details.Yields information about Bendigo No. 28 and Pall Mall buildings.Black and white print with photographer’s notes on the rear.On the rear in blue ink "SEC Bendigo Birney No. 28 Birney ex North opposite Post Office 3-1-54" with Wal Jack copyright stamp in the top right hand corner and the number "T214" written in.trams, tramways, bendigo, pall mall, birney, tram 28

Memorandum, Gestetner duplicated on a quarto sheet, dated 23/2/1918 to all depots regarding the impact of the Workers Compensation Act and the impacts if workers are already partly incapacitated - advise Head Office. Signed by the General Manager, H Wilcox using a stamp.trams, tramways, tramway board, personnel, wages, workers compensation

Provides a list of tram route numbers in use at the time. Yields information about tram route numbers.Set of two, Gestetner printed lists, each comprising two foolscap sheets titled "MMTB Route Numbers - Tram Routes". .1 - dated November 1957 .2 - dated 27 Sept 1965 .3 - Bus route numbers dated Dec. 1958Item 2 has "Obtained 2 May 1967" along top edge.tramways, trams, mmtb, route numbers, routes

Demonstrates making a document strongly associated with a tram tour to Geelong by the AETA and the level of detail made in producing a document that was printed by a duplication process.Part (cover - missing 1 sheet) of a duplicated brochure, titled AETA "Souvenir brochure, Geelong and Queenscliff" - 1955 issued for the AETA tour to Geelong and Queenscliff, 2/4/1955 - part of itinerary, map of Geelong trams and list of tramcars. Printed using a Gestetner Duplicator. geelong trams, aeta, map, geelong, list

Part 1 - Ballarat Horse Trams - notes that much of the details was supplied by the late Inspector James. Part 2 - Electric Trams - gives dates for the withdrawal of the ESCo cars, routes, SEC and extensions, including the Forest City signals. 11 pages of a typed article or research report on foolscap paper titled "History of Ballarat Tramways - 1887 - 1953", written by Wal Jack, Gestetner printed. With the file is a set of A3 size laminated photocopies, provided by the donor. See also Reg Item 6419 for another copy.trams, tramways, sec, esco, ballarat, sec, horse trams, tramcars

Demonstrates early BTPS work - Membership application form the early days of the BTPS - following closure of the Ballarat SEC system, around the time of the closure of the Bendigo system.Single foolscap light green (teal) paper page, printed using the Gestetner wax stencil process; Membership Application form for membership of the Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society (BTPS), c1972. Gives details of the organisation, its proposals, notes that Bendigo is to close soon, trams are stored at the SEC depot.trams, tramways, btps, membership forms

Folded foolscap sheet - white paper - printed using the Gestetner duplicating process - form - published by the TMSV seeking financial assistance to preserve some tramcars from Ballarat and Bendigo. Nominates Bendigo 17, 11, 5 and 25 and Ballarat 17. Has on the rear, a sheet to be filled in to donate money for the appeal.trams, tramways, tmsv, closure, preservation

'Getting to know our Cathedral, Bendigo, St. Paul's Anglican Cathedral' Collection of information papers. History of cathedral, windows, ministers, chapel. 93 pages with photos. Signed by Mr. Alexander H. Stone. Dedicated to the memory of his wife, Mary Stone. Handmade with gestetner printed pages. Staple spine bound with tape.Alexander H. Stone.church, history, st. pauls' anglican cathedral, bendigo, anglican church, history.

Has a strong association with the formation of the BTPS and the involvement of Melbourne based tramway enthusiasts - first meeting of the BTPS in Melbourne.Single page - quarto size green coloured paper, printed using the Gestetner wax stencil process advertising a public meeting to be held of the BTPS at the VR Institute, Flinders St on 21 June 1971, signed by Paul Nicholson. Second copy from donation of the Tom Murray Estate added 20-11-2016.trams, tramways, btps, meetings

Two foolscap sheets stapled in top left hand corner, Gestetner printed, titled "MMTB Engineering Department - Workshops and Running sheds Branch - Allocation of Tramcars January 1966", listing allocation of tramcars to various depots, workshops, storage and disposal (disposed / approved) Has numerous alterations shown in red or blue ink.trams, tramways, tramcars, mmtb, lists, depots, depot allocation

Set of two Engineering Standards stapled within in a Standards Association of Australia folder" with the numbers stamped and hand written onto the cover. Contains 6 sheets printed using the Gestetner process and one photocopy on foolscap paper. Contains the standards for "E30 - 1934 - Australian Standards Specification for Manganese Steel Castings for Tramway Trackwork"in ink "1939" and "Hardwood Paving Blocks" on right hand edge.trams, tramways, standards, track materials, track repairs, road works, points, trackwork

Demonstrates early BTPS work - membership application form the early days of the BTPS - following closure of the Ballarat SEC system.Single foolscap white paper page, printed using the Gestetner wax stencil process; Membership Application form for membership of the Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society (BTPS), late 1971. Gives details of the organisation, to operate like Puffing Billy and has issues of the Courier following closure for sale. Has a tear off section to be filled in.trams, tramways, btps, membership forms

This was part of a series. Inside on the front page is recorded that this was Vol 2, No 3. The newsletter is a mix of accounts of the activities of the group and more general hints and items of interest. A newsletter in the form of a booklet. The cover is printed on yellow paper and the other pages in cream. They are secured with one staple. It has been duplicated using the gestetner method. The front cover has a masthead with an inverted boomerang and indicates it is published monthly for the First Surrey Hills Scout Group. Cover illustration is of 2 boys in uniform reading the newsletter.Nilfirst surrey hills scout group, newsletters, alan rudd, r dillon, john white, rex thompson, graeme ellis, peter hoard, neil watson, b morgan, scouts

Set of two Engineering Standards stapled within in a Standards Association of Australia folder" with the numbers stamped and hand written onto the cover. Contains 11 sheets and one loose sheet printed using the Gestetner process. Contains the standards for Hardwood Paving blocks, 1937, an amendment and Stone Setts, 1938. Used in paving tramways in Australia.in ink "1939" and "Hardwood Paving Blocks" on right hand edge.trams, tramways, standards, track materials, track repairs, cable trams, road works

Memorandum, Gestetner duplicated on a foolscap sheet, titled "Revenue Sharing scheme for Gripmen and Conductors" detailing the method of sharing the increase in earnings between 30/8 and 26/12 1919 and noting that the new Tramway Board will assume control on 1/11/1919 and that the scheme may not continue. Dated 9/10/1919. two copies held.trams, tramways, tramway board, mmtb, personnel, wages, passengers