Flour has been produced for centuries by grinding a variety of grains to make flour. In the early years of the Retsel Corporation established 1962, their designers carried out research which convinced them that grinding of flour between slow turning stones produced a better quality of flour. They continue to market grain mills similar to this item. The black knob on the side allows for the distance between the stones to be adjusted so that flour of varying coarseness can be milled. Grain mills such as this were used widely throughout the Wodonga district in the late 20th Century and have had a resurgence in many areas.This item is significant because it is representative of domestic appliances used in the Wodonga district.A grain mill made from metal with two grinding stones. The small black knob on the side enables the distance between stones to be adjusted. Each foot has holes to allow the mill to be screwed to a bench for added stability. The long handle is used to turned to drive the machine. The large funnel is set into a hole on the top of the mill to hold grain. Another bowl would be placed underneath the outlet at the bottom to catch the flour.On handle and circular disc: RETSEL CORPORATION McCAMMON IDAHO 83250domestic appliances, grain mills

Wimmera Flour Mills and Grain Store Taylor Street From Sketch series Circa 1890stawell businesses

Cast iron grain mill with hand-cranked wooden handle, on a cast iron base.Watervilemill equipment

This photograph was taken in 1999 at 'The Harvest' exhibition at the Burke Museum for members of Baking Industry Victoria. The grain mill, manufactured by B.M. Purshouse in Wolverhampton, England, was of special interest.This photograph is of primary social significance to the Beechworth community because it depicts a 19th-century grain mill, manufactured by B.M. Purshouse in Wolverhampton, England, which was probably used at flour mills in the Ovens District, such as that at Tarrawingee, which opened in 1866. The purchase of agricultural machinery such as the grain mill accompanied the expansion of agriculture, including grain growing, in the Ovens District following the gold mining prosperity of the 1850s. This photograph may be of interest to researchers who wish to observe an image of the Purshouse grain mill.Colour rectangular photograph printed on matte AGFA photographic paper.Obverse: THE HARVEST / THE HARVEST Reverse: 2854beechworth, burke museum, promoting settlement, living in country towns, making regional centres, preserving traditions and commemorating, farming and agriculture, exhibitions, burke museum exhibitions, building local economies, transforming land, victorian agricultural history, marketing and promoting agricultural products, the harvest exhibition, harvests, victorian gold rush towns, grain mill, bm purshouse, crops and grain, baking industry victoria

140 Loose pages titled The Bendigo Saleyards Economic Viability Study. Report written by Kate Millard on behalf of the Bendigo Development Committee Inc. Contents include: Chapter 1 - Background Information, Chapter 1 - Present Operations at the Saleyards, Chapter 3 - Economic Factors, Chapter 4 - Environmental Factors, Chapter 5 - Selling Techniques, Chapter 6 - Employment Study, Management and Sundry Issues, Chapter 7 - Survey of Farmers and Saleyard Users in the 'Catchment Area', and Chapter 8 - Recommendations of the Report. Includes diagrams and maps. Recommendations printed on dark yellow paper.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - the bendigo saleyards economic viability study, bendigo development committee inc., kate millard, loddon campaspe planning authority, street, ryan and associates, bendigo city council, strathfieldsaye shire council, department of industry technology & resources, national library of australia, meldrum burows & partners, core wilson sayer, town planning appeals panel, ces, victorian farmers and graziers association, stock agents association, department of agriculture, department of industry technology & resources, department of conservation forests and land, cr jock comini, rca depot, wellsford rifle range, bendigo airport, bendigo field naturalists club, mr david kennedy, mr john brumby, mr john radford, neil o'keefe, bendigo east progress association, bendigo east traders, trades hall council, mr tom uren, mr frank wilkes, mr bruce reid, mr k i m wright, mr e t ebery, bendigo pastoral council of the vfga, victorian meatworks association, bendigo stock & station agents association, rutlands transport, mr don pickles, country abattoirs & wholesalers association association of victoria, meat and allied trade federation of australia, bendigo saleyards advisory committee, bendigo residents & ratepayers association, a h & n graham, mrs p unmack australian bureau of statistics, mr lloyd houlden, cr c rodda, mr jolly, mr tony milanese, dr robert carter, university of melbourne, bendigo college of tafe, t matthews, a s & r d rutland, john kerr, j talbot, g l o'sullivan, penney & lang pty ltd, graeme pickering, pickhall j w & sons, r a plant, w k schmidt, t j vick, k & j wignall, a e wright, g chapman, a j gillies, p g & m m harris, ian r hollingsworth, b kennedy, s letcher, s & d k letcher, p m llewellyn, l g mason, boyer r t, connally m f, kennedy & mortlock, nevins j p, r w johnstone, w j keith, b d kelly, notman r, pitts a j & c a, pitts mervyn l & co, rowe w o, warren k m, associated stock & station agents, dalgety farmers ltd, elders dsm estates, ellis nuttall & co, gallagher g d, hamilton real estate, mcgregor ralph h & co, mckean w & co, miller turner livestock co, vains e m & co, victorian producers, hill m j & co, bennetts meats, comell bros, davis b & d, hardwick g f & v c, penney & lang p/l, tendercut meats, northern seed supply co, bendigo fertilizers, agri business pty ltd, agrilink consulting group pty ltd, acil aust pty ltd, mcgowan & associates, chapman w c, talbot e j, mcculloch w & sons pty ltd, k v equipment, commercial egg producers assoc co-op, monsanto aust ltd, balmer bryan r, barry i j, bath l, clarke b j, treacy k m, turner j m, bendigo mower serv pty ltd, everlast concrete tank tyltd, wicks bros, canvas goods, don mcarthur, bendigo communications, transcom, emdell pty ltd, epsom pharmaceutical supplies, sandhurst fencing pty ltd, arnolds gates & fencing, r furniss, carne neville, awa & unicla, ajm refrigeration, bendigo concrete sawing service, hamilton r j, hearpes t w, j e brown, campey dr a r, fyffe j j, kangaroo flat vet clinic, ottrey k e, bendigo sprinkler installations, milnes irrigation, onga pumpshop, barastoc products, bush's produce stores, epsom produce, k m m pty ltd, bendigo grain co, eaglehawk chaff mills, grain elevators board dept, bonneys pest control, knights pest control, brown wk & l d, bendigo sewerage authority, bendigo water board, aci computer services, leham donald, a e hueffer & associates, wolmoke planners, p langley, mr ken strachan, mr evan jones, mr peter byrnes, mr wayne street, street ryan & associates

Taken in 1999, the photograph depicts a section of “The Harvest” exhibition held at the Burke Museum between May 1st and June 20th 1999 as part of the Baking Industry Victoria. In the foreground is believed to be an old seed distributor. The grain mill made by B. M. Purshouse in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, was of special interest during the exhibition. This photograph is of historical and research significance, connecting with various themes such as farming, adapting to diverse environments, and the promotion of settlement in Victoria. The photograph is an example of an exhibition held at the Burke Museum in 1999, demonstrating the communal interest of Beechworth in their farming history. The photograph contains a strong interpretive capacity as it demonstrates the importance of farming to Beechworth and Beechworth's history, revealing the enduring connection between the local community and the surrounding land. The historical and research value of the photograph is further enhanced by the depiction of historical farming machinery, providing a means for future generations to view historical machines used in farming. Colour rectangular photograph printed on photographic paper.Reverse: 2857burke museum, the harvest, exhibition, baking industry, grain mill, b. m. purshouse, beechworth, baking industry victoria, seed, seed distributor

Taken in 1999, the photograph depicts a section of “The Harvest” exhibition held at the Burke Museum between May 1st and June 20th 1999 as part of the Baking Industry Victoria. In the foreground is depicted a seed distributor. The grain mill, which can be seen in the background, was made by B. M. Purshouse in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom, and was of special interest during the exhibition. This photograph is of historical and research significance, connecting with various themes such as farming, adapting to diverse environments, and the promotion of settlement in Victoria. The photograph is an example of an exhibition held at the Burke Museum in 1999, demonstrating the communal interest of Beechworth in their farming history. The photograph contains a strong interpretive capacity as it demonstrates the importance of farming to Beechworth and Beechworth's history, revealing the enduring connection between the local community and the surrounding land. The historical and research value of the photograph is further enhanced by the depiction of historical farming machinery, providing a means for future generations to view historical machines used in farming.Colour rectangular photograph printed on photographic paper.Reverse: 2855burke museum, the harvest, baking industry, baking industry victoria, seed distributor, grain mill, b. m. purshouse, beechworth, exhibition

Golden Eagle rolled flour mills and grain stores. Invoice dated Bendigo May 3rd, 1920 for 3 pounds. Stamped in the middle Bayliss 7 co. Late.bendigo, business, golden eagle

John Logan Smith 1860-1932 , the son of Irish immigrants James and Marianne Smith was born at their home near the 'Toll Gates' on Point Nepean Road and Dendy Street. East Brighton. At that time the area had many orchards that were later replaced by market gardens. J.L.Smith at first rented a cottage 'Law Muir Den' & Shed from Mr Box and commenced business as a wood merchant - sawing logs into shorter pieces using one horse to power the saw. He purchased the property, added to the buildings , began trading in fuel and fodder as well and installed a chaff cutting mill powered by 10hp steam engine. The business prospered 1909 following the death of Tommy Bent, J/L Smith was nominated for Councillor of the Shire of Moorabbin. WW1 1914 - 18 both John and Mary Ann supported local War Relief Auxiliaries and their son Vic served as a Signaler in AIF. As Motor transport was increasing 1926 J L Smith built a small Garage on the opposite corner (Woolworths Supermarket 2005) , employed a good mechanic ( Reg Hunt ) and developed another successful business. The Grain Store was managed by family until 1930. In 1932 JL Smith assisted a man whose car had broken down, pushing it to the garage and sadly suffered a heart attack and died. He is buried in Cheltenham Cemetery J.L.Smith was an early settler in East Brighton now Bentleigh and established successful Wood cutting, Grain & Chaff cutting and Motor garage businesses in Centre Road . He was elected Councillor of the Shire of Moorabbin and, with Mary Ann, his family were involved with local Church, Red Cross, and other community organizations.Black & White photograph of J L Smith Hay & Grain Store and Crushing Mill Jasper Rd / Centre Rd Bentleigh 1916. A veranda has been added to the store, new signage attached and a Gas light and hitching post are in foreground. 3 Horse drawn carts loaded with grain bags and drivers sitting on top of loadV. Smithgas street light, hitching posts, smith vic, photography, smith j l; smith mary ann, stanley helen, smith vic, smith harry redvers, chaff cutter, horse drawn carts, toll gates brighton, motor cars 1900, steam engines, early settlers, bentleigh, parish of moorabbin, city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman s, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, market gardeners, vineyards, orchards

Various colour photos of Wimmera Flour Mill at time it was being demolished. Note roof being dismantled. Rail line in foreground. Willaim Frayne founded the Wimmera Flour Mill on a site in Taylor Street (beside the railway line) Stawell 1876. When Willian Frayne dies 1899 his son George took over the mill. The mill continued to be a propriety company until early 1966, when it was sold to the Victorian Mill Owners. The sale was forced because of the lack of export markets. A factor which affected most country mills. The Victorian Oat Growers Pool took over on July 1st, 1967. Trading under the name of Wimmera Flower Mill as a subsidiary company. Later years it sold clipped and graded seed, oats, stockfeed for poultry, pigs and dairy cattle and all types of crushed grain. The original Frayne homestead still stands behind where the Mill stood facing Frayne Street. In 2007 during our "Collection Review" the four smaller colour photos, which were donated by Mr. Mick Walsh, 52 Patrick St Stawell were very similar to the bigger photo in the file 139.6e.139-6 a-d & e Coloured photographs showing various views of the Wimmera Flour Mill or Grain Handling Corporation building in progress of being demolished. There is a red brick building with a tiled roof in these coloured photos. The rail line is shown in foreground of 139-6 e. Our records on the data base show 139-6e to be a black & white photo but the same photo in the office folder is an enlarged colour photograph. Grain Handing Corporation stawell industry

Five photos of the Tomlins Simmie and Co. Flour Mills plus negatives of the same, 1, The mill with a steam train in the foreground with two drivers and two workers standing on the steps (also one small photo of this). 2, The Mill. 3, One card with four photos on it relating to the mill (a) Sign - Tomlins Simmie and Co. flour millers (b) The mill itself with a horse and cart in the foreground. (c) A side on photo of the previous. (d) Mills at Bendigo and Richmond sign. 4, The Mill and Grain Store.buildings, commercial, flour mill, tomlins simmie and coy. flour mills

Benjamin Rank was considered by many to be the father of plastic surgery in Australia. He was born on 14 January 1911 in Heidelberg, Victoria, where his father, Wreghitt Rank, owned a grain store and mill. His mother was Bessie née Smith. He was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne, and Ormond College, University of Melbourne, graduating with many honours and prizes. He did a two-year residency in the Royal Melbourne Hospital before going to London to specialise in surgery. There he did junior posts at St James' Hospital, Balham, but soon became fascinated by the new specialty of plastic surgery and was appointed assistant plastic surgeon at Hill End (Bart's EMS unit). Joining the Royal Australasian Army Medical Corps in 1940, he commanded their plastic surgical unit in Egypt. In 1942, he returned to Australia to set up a plastic and maxillofacial unit at Heidelberg Military Hospital. Among the patients treated there was one Flight Lieutenant John Gorton, who went on to become Prime Minister of Australia. In 1946 he was the first honorary plastic surgeon at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. He spent much time overseas and was instrumental in setting up the specialty of plastic surgery in India, for which he set up 'Interplast' - a charity supported by the Rotary Clubs to offer training and expertise to Asian and Pacific nations. He was the Sims Commonwealth Travelling Professor of the College in 1958, Moynihan lecturer in 1972, President of the British Association of Plastic Surgeons in 1965 and President of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons from 1966 to 1968. He made important contributions to the study of Marjolin's ulcer, radiation carcinoma, and the transition from benign to malignant melanoma. He also made a major contribution to hand surgery, and his textbook Surgery of repair as applied to hand injuries (Livingstone, 1953) ran to four editions. He wrote extensively, including an autobiography, and was a talented painter. He was a tireless campaigner for no-fault motor accident insurance and was President of the St John Ambulance Association. He married Barbara Lyle Facy in 1938. They had one son Andrew, and three daughters, Helen, Julie and Mary (one of whom became a nurse). He died on 26 January 2002. Reference; https:livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk surgeon, sir benjamin rank, heidelberg military hospital, plastic surgery, royal melbourne hospital

Part of the original cottage named Culla Hill built by Thomas Sweeney (a former convict) remains as a small section of today’s house. Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme National Estate National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Local Sifgnificance Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p19 Thomas Sweeney, a former convict who became a respected citizen, once lived on a property at what is now the corner of Sweeneys Lane and Culla Hill, Eltham. As Sweeney was one of the district’s first settlers, the property is registered by the National Trust. Thomas Sweeney was born in 1802, son of impoverished tenant farmers in Tipperary County, Ireland. He became a ploughman, then at 21 he was sentenced to hang for setting on fire the house of Patrick Guyder at Gullshill. It is said the arson was due to a dispute over undelivered guns to a social justice guerilla group, the White Boys, of which Sweeney was a member. But the sentence was commuted to life transportation to Australia in 1823.1 Apparently in Sydney he became a servant to James Chandler at Botany. Soon James Chandler leased his farm and became a catechist on the Hawkesbury River, so Sweeney was reassigned to a former convict, John Brown, at Liverpool. Later Sweeney was assigned to George Brown of Lake Illawarra. In 1831, Sweeney was granted a ticket-of-leave and bought a boat to carry goods between Illawarra district and Sydney Town. He married his first wife who had come to Australia as a free woman. However she drowned after bearing him a daughter. In 1838, one month after he had received a conditional pardon, Sweeney married a blacksmith’s daughter, Margaret Meehan, newly arrived from Ireland. They then moved to Port Phillip and squatted on the south side of the Yarra River, about seven miles (11km) from Melbourne. Around 1842, Sweeney bought 110 acres (44.5ha) in the parish of Nillumbik for £110. He built a slab hut 12 x 10 feet (3.6m x 3m) and then his homestead, Culla Hill, a typical Tipperary style cottage, now known as Sweeney’s Cottage. It was here that many generations of Sweeneys lived for almost 100 years. Culla Hill became a social centre for the district and the Catholic community used it as a church. Sweeney was apparently on good terms with a tribe of Aborigines living on the river nearby, who helped him build his house.2 Sweeney proved himself a civic-minded leader. In 1844, he led a call for a bridge over the Plenty River. He was on the first school board and supplied the first grain for Eltham’s mill. Sweeney profited during the gold rush, not by gold digging, but by providing supplies for nearby fields and others as far away as Beechworth.3 Thomas Sweeney died in 1867 and was buried at the Eltham Cemetery, leaving two sons, five daughters, and 300 acres (121.4ha), as well as Culla Hill. Culla Hill – by then reduced to 75 acres (30ha) – was sold out of the family in 1939, then renamed Sweeneys. The present Sweeneys Lane, running diagonally through the original holding, was the track to the house. Part of the original cottage remains as a small section of today’s house. The dining-family room fronted by a veranda is original, and although there have been some changes, the cedar door and most of the small 12-paned wooden-framed windows are original. The walls are made of the original hand-made brick. After buying the property in 1952 Mr and Mrs Burston demolished a dilapidated slab hut, a three-roomed detached kitchen and cellar, as materials needed to restore them were very difficult to obtain so soon after the war.4 However the barn remains almost in its original condition. It is believed to have been built from stone quarried on the property. Now roofed with iron sheets it was probably originally thatched. The sandstone barn has a peaked roof supported by the original saplings and a doorway large enough to accommodate a fully loaded wagon.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, culla hill, eltham, sweeney's cottage, sweeneys lane, thomas sweeney

In the early 1900s, Mary Sweeney commissioned artist Charles Bertie to paint the main house at Culla Hill. He charged her 5 shillings for the picture and 18 pence for the frame She took this painting with her when she married Michael Carrucan in 1910 and it hung in the Dalton Street farmhouse for many years. At a later time (1960s), the Burstons (the then owners of Culla Hill) had a card printed from the painting. The original sketch was photographed in 1970 for reproduction in the Shire history publication Pioneers & Painters (1971). The very fragile original was kept in the Council strongroom and suffered significant damage to its edges over the years, no doubt it has also yellowed. A comparison of the original as digitised (2022) with the negative taken 50 years earlier also reveals that the left 20% of the sketch has been cut off, probably due to damage. In June 1842 Thomas Sweeney applied to the Superintendent, C.J. La Trobe, asking permission to purchase a portion of the recently surveyed ‘Parish of Nillumbik'. His request was allowed and handed to the sub-treasurer and Land Board. He paid £110 for 110 acres and called the land 'Culla Hill'. He first built a temporary house, a slab hut 12 feet by 10 feet, in which he lived with his wife, an Irish girl whom he had married in 1838. (His first wife had been drowned at Port Jackson.) Some time later he built a permanent residence on the model of a Tipperary farmhouse. It was a rectangular building of hand-made bricks and stone quarried from the Western Hill with a recessed verandah in front, and bore a slate roof. The out-buildings consisted of a detached kitchen, stable and a barn. It was in this house that succeeding generations of Sweeneys were reared. The original slab hut became a washhouse and survived till recent years. 'Culla Hill' became a social centre for the district, church services being held there on various occasions. The first wheat crop in the district was planted by Sweeney who also supplied the first grain for a mill that later was built at Eltham. He took an active interest in the development of the district. At this time travelling people--many of them runaway sailors or convicts--often passed the settlement, and some of them stayed and worked with Sweeney. A tribe of aborigines living on the river below 'Culla Hill' were apparently on good terms with Sweeney, for it is said that they helped him with the building of his house. Very little is known about the aborigines who originally lived in the Eltham district. There must have been many of them; their stone axes, grinding stones, and anvil stones have been found in the gullies around Research and canoe trees and artifacts were found on the Kangaroo Ground hills. Early settlers remembered a tribe that camped on the site of the present railway bridge at Eltham. They held corroborees there and visited settlers for hand-outs of 'flour and bacca’. There was an aboriginal reserve on the Yarra, upstream from Eltham, but most of those who had collected there later went to live on the Pound Reserve at Warrandyte, where the last aborigines in the area finally ended their days. The Pound Reserve, of 1,103 acres, was established at Pound Bend in 1841. The chief protector, George Robinson, and his four assistants, were given instructions to care for the aged and sick, to provide blankets and rations for all who lived there, to train the able-bodied men in agriculture and other trades and to find them jobs. The Yarra blacks, who later came under the protection of William Thomas, have been described as a 'fine race, well made and above the average height'. Thomas Sweeney died on 6 September 1867 and was buried in the Eltham Cemetery. To his wife Margaret and his son John, he left the entire property of 'Culla Hill'. To his other son Patrick, he left 150 acres, including a small two-roomed wooden cottage. He had five daughters: Kate and Margaret (twins) who were born in 1842, Ellen 1846, Annie 1848 and Johanna 1851. John Sweeney farmed 'Culla Hill' until his death in 1909. He had ten children; one of them, Mary, became Mrs M. Carrucan whose son, Mr John Carrucan, still lives at Eltham. 'Culla Hill' passed out of the Sweeneys possession in 1939 and was renamed by its new owners, 'Sweeneys', in memory of its pioneers. - Pioneers & Painters: One Hundred Years of Eltham and its Shire, Alan Marshall 1971, pp10-12 Original colour sketch artwork 4 x 5 inch black and white negative of original colour sketchculla hill, art, charles bertie, drawing, mary carrucan (nee sweeney), sketches, sweeney's cottage

John Marfell (1847-1927) established a hay and corn dealing business in Liebig Street in 1878 in partnership with Henry Phillips. In 1887 he built a grain store in Raglan Parade and carried this business on until his death. He also managed a Warrnambool flour milling company in Banyan Street and with several other local business men established the Warrnambool Woollen Mill. He was a Warrnambool Councillor for 22 years and Mayor in 1903.These labels are a mementoes of John Marfell a prominent late 19th and early 20th centuries business man in Warrnambool. He was a miller and a grain merchant. .1 Brown card label with black text. Two corners are mitred . There is a hole with a reinforce sticker at one end. .2 Identical to .1from JOHN MARFELL & SONS GRAIN MERCHANTS Phone Warrnambool 6 WARRNAMBOOL john marfell, miller, warrnambool woollen mill, warrnambool council

This is an early map of the Borough of Warrnambool (1872/3) showing the central town area of Warrnambool and the surrounding district. Reserves, public buildings and some businesses are marked. The map was photolithographed by John Noone, a Melbourne artist and photographer who claimed in 1858 to have the oldest-existing photographic studio in Melbourne. Photolithography was a process first developed in Melbourne. For several years Noone was the official photographer for the Victorian Crown Lands Office and for the Victorian Public Library and Museum. The map has the stamp of the seller of the map – Charles Hider, the well-known stationer and bookseller in Timor Street, Warrnambool. The owner of the map, Henry George Marfell, (1883-1962) was the son of John and Mary Ann Marfell. The Marfells were well-known in Warrnambool as grain merchants and managers of the Warrnambool Co-Operative Milling Company. It is surmised from the writing on the Marfell label that this map was at some stage given by Henry Marfell to the old Warrnambool MuseumThis map of early Warrnambool is of considerable significance, firstly because its original state and early date (1873) make it of antiquarian and historical interest. Also the connection with the names, Charles Hider and Henry Marfell and the old Museum gives it added provenance and interest.This is a wax paper map mounted on cloth. At the top it is attached by nails to a piece of wood and at the top it has a cloth ring for hanging the map. The map is in black shadings on a yellow background. The map is badly creased and coming away from the cloth at the edges and at other various points. There is some red or pink marking or staining on the township area of the map (originally the sold lands on this map were coloured in brown and the reserves, buildings, etc in pink). On the left hand corner there is a piece of paper glued on with some handwriting in ink (Marfell). There is also the stamp of the seller of the map – Charles Hider, stationer and bookseller, of Timor Street Warrnambool‘Early Map of W’bool, H.G. Marfell’ history of warrnambool, charles hider, henry marfell

This is of historical and social significance in that Echuca was a terminal for rice distribution and processing. The rice mills were located in Annesley st next to the railway line. Here 4 silos and 2 of the conveyor towers are visible, looking to the east. The rice mills employed many people in Echuca. Echuca has historically had many storage silos for grains. The rice mills in Echuca stored and processed rice up until the early 1990s. This photograph clearly shows the rice silos and conveyor towers that were in Annesley street .Colour photograph (postcard size) of rice mill silos, Echuca. Photograph shows 4 silos with 2 conveyor towers.In blue pen on reverse:"35A-36". Printed in red on reverse:"It's Kodak for color. Nov.79. Print made by Kodak. M."rice mills, echuca, echuca-industry

Used at the Ballarat School of Mines and the Ballarat Technical Art SchoolThis collection of examinations is significant because of its completeness with the full range of examinations between 1914 and 1950.Large leather bound books, with leather spine, containing all examinations held at the Ballarat School of Mines (including the Ballarat Technical Art School and Ballarat Junior Technical School). The examination papers were supplied and printed by the Education Department, Victoria. Examinations include: Agriculture, Algebra, Architecture, Arithmetic, Applied Mechanics, Assaying, Biology, Botany, Boilermaking, Building Design, Blacksmithing, Bricklaying, Carpentry and Joinery, Coachbuilding, Cabinet Making, Civil Engineering, Cabinet Making, Commercial, Chemistry, Engineering Drawing, Economics, English, Electrical technology, Electricity and Magnetism, Electric Wiring, Electric Welding, Electrical Fitting, Electrical Trades, Food Analysis, Geology, Geological Mapping, Graphics, Geometry, Heat Engines, Heat Treatment, Hydraulics, Hand Railing, Instrument Making, Millinery, Milling and Gearouting, Machine Shop Practice. Metal Founding, Mining, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Mathematics, Motor Mechanics, Mine Surveying, Mining Mechanics, Petrology, Physics, Painting and Decorating, Pattern Making, Plastering, Plumbing and Gasfitting, Printing, Refrigeration, Spelling, Science , Shorthand, Surveying. Signwriting. Sheet Metalwork, Toolmaking, Ladies Tailoring, Trigonometry, Typewriting, Welding, Commercial Geography. Millinery, Dressmaking, Needlework, Decorative Needlework, Architecture, Building Design and Construction, Art (Composition in Form and Colour), Art (Casting Clay MOdels) Art (Drapery), Art (Drawing the Human Figure From Casts), Art (Drawing the Antique from Memory), Art (Drawing from Memory); Art (Drawing Plant Forms from Nature, Art (Drawing Plant Forms From Memory), Art (Drawing from Models and Objects), (Drawing From a Flat Example). 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Louis Chevalier, brother of popular artist Nicholas Chevalier, opened a sawmill in Beechworth near Spring Creek in Newtown in 1853. This facilitated a boom in building in the town, as materials were much more available than they had been previously. A second sawmill was opened in the town in 1856. Louis Chevalier served on the Beechworth Council as a representative of Newtown between 1858 and 1860. As this photograph is taken in 1859, the mill would have been operating as a sawmill at the time this photograph was taken. Louis Chevalier’s mill stopped sawing wood and began milling flour at some point between 1860 and 1862. At this time, the Oven’s district was almost self-sufficient, producing considerable quantities of grain, dairy, fodder and meat. Unfortunately, the region experienced poor agricultural yields in the 1880s and 1890s, which lead to the closure of the Beechworth Flour Mills in the 1880s. This photograph depicts the first sawmill in Beechworth, which was responsible for making the materials available for other early buildings in the town. The mill race and wheel are also clearly depicted, which may shed light onto how mill wheels of this era and place were constructedBlack and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on boardReverse: 3146 / 1997.2654 / Louis Chevalier's Flour Mill on / the Newtown Falls before the / Bridge / Est 1853 / this photo 1859 / 84-229-1 / Burke Museum Beechworth / Page 41 / 81 % / (Illegible) / (Illegible) 14 / chevalier, louis chevalier, newtown, mill, grain mill, sawmill, flour mill, 1850s beechworth, beechworth council, farming and agriculture, victorian agricultural history, spring creek, buildings, industry, forestry, wood, timber

This letter was sent by a customer D. Menzies at Skipton to the Mortlake Mill, detailing an unusual payment method for the processing of his wheat into flour. David Menzies was a Scots farmer who lived in Skipton c. 1860's on a bend in the Mount Emu Creek. He helped establish the local school and a lane in the township bears his name. The letter illustrates the nature of commerce and the difficulties of communication and life generally in the country at the time. The bluestone Mortlake Mill built in 1856, has been a prominent landmark in Mortlake for over 150 years. It played a significant role in the commercial life of the town and was initially a wind-mill to process district grain for sale. The goldrush at Ararat 100 km. away led to a temporarily increased population and demand for foodstuffs. In 1857 the Mill was sold to Aikman, Hamilton and Geddes who converted it to steampower and later built the prominent chimney, which is on the Heritage Register as part of the National Estate. D. Menzies at Skipton lived at least 85 km away - his wheat which urgently needed milling, faced a slow and arduous journey by bullock dray. After the demise of the Ararat goldfields and the decline in population (as well as the district soils proving unsuitable for sustained wheat cultivation), the operation of the Mill declined too and the proprietors increased their involvement in other activities - supply of building materials, timber felling and sawmills. Despite the apparent difficulties of conducting business in the 1850's, it is notable that commerce thrived at that time in country districts, as an examination of Mill accounts and records show.Handwritten letter dated 1864 (water-stained)Skipton March 7 1864 [to] Messrs. Hamilton & Co. Mortlake. Dear Gentlemen, I was in hope of hearing from you before now that you had commenced working the Mill, & that I could have sent you the enclosed money [for a] load of wheat for Gristing. Please receive the enclosed 2 halves of 2 [two] 5 [pound sign] notes forwarded to your account. the other halves will be sent on receipt of your stating you having received those notes sent. As I am out of flour be so good as say how soon I may send a load of wheat. In haste I am Gentlemen Yours truly D. Menziesmortlake mill grain wheat hamilton geddes aikman laang dixie menzies skipton

The Old Wind Mill in Mill Street Mortlake was constructed in 1856 by Thos. Bostock. It was erected to process locally-grown grain to supply the increased population of the Ararat goldfields with flour. It was painted in 1916 by W.Alen a local artist, who did not have first-hand knowledge of the old Mill, but would have relied on descriptions from those living in the district who did, as well as possibly recollections of windmills in Europe and Britain. The Mill has been a prominent landmark in Mortlake for over 150 years. It was converted to steam after it was sold in 1857 to Hamilton, Aikman and Geddes. Its use declined after the Ararat goldfields petered out, the diggers moved on and local soils proved unsuited to the sustained cultivation of wheat. The existing Mill Chimney is Heritage listed and is part of the National Estate.1 paintingSigned W.Alenmill windmill mortlake national estate hamilton bostock aikman geddes

Early photo of Procter & Son Butchers shop c. 1880. West end of High St Charlton. Built as a single fronted, two storey building in September 1880 and extended to triple fronted building in 1884 by C. Procter. The business was previously further west in High Street in one of Peter Johnson's weatherboard shops.Mounted, unframed photo of Procter's Butcher shop. Four people standing in front of shop, two men wearing aprons, a boy and a woman. A horse is tied to a pole in front of the shop. There are many animal carcasses haning in front of the shopprocter & son butcher shop, malcolm's flour mill, charlton, business, industry

Photograph of western end of High Street, Charlton showing the Bank of Victoria, Malcolm's Flour Mill, Egan's, Golden Fleece Hotel, Johnson's Bridge Store, Dining Rooms and the Bank of New South Wales. c. 1883Early photo of High St, western end streetscapeSepia photograph of western end of High Street, Charlton showing the Bank of Victoria, Malcolm's Flour Mill, Egan's, Golden Fleece Hotel, Johnson's Bridge Store, Dining Rooms and the Bank of New South Wales. c. 1883. Man standing in front of the Bank, two ladies also standing on the footpath. Horse and cart in front of Johnson's store. Damage to the lower third of photo.bank of victoria, malcolm's flour mill, egan's, golden fleece hotel, johnson's bridge store, dining rooms, bank of new south wales, high street, business

Charlton Motors Pty Ltd Service Station, corner of High & Armstrong Streets. Motor engineers, motor supplies of all kinds. Agents for Goodyear and Dunlop tyres, Buick cars, Indian motorcycles. Massey Harris Farm Implements c. 1918. Former Malcolm's steam operated Flour Mill 1876 - 1911. Group of six men, five standing, one on a motor bike. Car across footpath. Wischers written on building next door.Black & white photograph, mounted, unframed. Group of six men, five standing, one on a motor bike. Car across footpath. Sign on building reads "Charlton Motors Pty Ltd Service Station". Advertising for Dunlop & Goodyear Tyres, Buick and Indian Motorcycles. The words Massey and Wischers are written on the building next door.charlton motors, service station, malcolm's flour mill, wischers, massey harris, high street, charlton, business, industry

Charlton Motors Service Station agents for cars, motorcycles and tyres. Established c. 1911 in the former Malcolm's Flour Mill building. The flour mill was established in 1876 and closed in 1911. The business was operated by Mr LazarusBlack & white photo, mounted, unframed. Charlton Motors Pty Ltd Service Station, corner of Armstrong and High streets. Five men in front of service Station, one man in front of Massey Harris building. Large telegraph pole on corner. Signage on buildings advertising Dunlop & Goodyear tryes, Buick and Indian motorcycles. Massey Harris Farming Implements, Wischers ?, Lazarus ?charlton motors, charlton, armstrong street

A previous mill had operated in Charlton by Mr. W.E. Foreman on the banks of the Avoca River and was acquired in 1919 by Noske Bros. The present Flour Mill was built by Noske Bros and opened in May 1927. It was taken over by the Grain Elevator Board in the 1970s. Noske's Flour Mill, with its commanding presence and towering silos, has long **dominated the Charlton skyline** and remains a significant landmark, even though it no longer mills flour. The mill's history is deeply intertwined with the development of Charlton and the grain industry of the surrounding district. The foundation for the mill's presence was laid in 1919 when Messrs Noske Bros. Pty. Ltd., already owning mills in Horsham, Nhill, and Murray Bridge, acquired G. H. Foreman’s Mill located by the Avoca River. The founder, **T. J. Noske**, was an early pioneer of flour exporting, expanding his milling business after unexpectedly acquiring the Horsham mill. ### A State-of-the-Art Operation The original mill by the river operated until August 1926 before being closed and dismantled. Plans were well underway for a **new, state-of-the-art mill** to be located at the former Cobb and Co site. In 1927, the new mill began operation. It was one of the largest in the state, boasting a capacity of three tons of flour per hour, a 250 h.p. diesel engine, and three initial silos. The mill quickly gained a reputation for **excellence** for both its design and its flour, which was sold successfully in local and overseas markets. ### Periods of Expansion and Trial The mill continued to grow, reflecting the importance of the local agricultural industry. Between 1940 and 1941, **nine new silos** were built, adding bulk receival points. In the record-breaking 1968 season, the mill received a colossal wheat intake of **695,000 bushels**. However, the mill also faced setbacks. On January 21, 1949, disaster struck when a **large fire** erupted in the storage shed, which contained 500 tons of bagged flour ready for export and new flour bags. The blaze was so intense that smoke was visible as far away as Wycheproof, and it threatened to destroy the entire mill. Thanks to the monumental efforts of the Charlton, St. Arnaud, Wycheproof, and Wedderburn Brigades, who ran the main pump almost continuously for 26 hours, the damage was contained, though the estimated loss was a substantial £60,000. ### Transformation of the Site At its peak, the mill was a major employer, providing work for approximately 65–70 men. But after over 45 years of operation, flour production at the mill ceased on October 25, 1973. Noske Industries Ltd. sought to adapt, converting the operation to a less successful stock feed production centre. In 1977, the **Grain Elevators Board** took over the site as a grain receival depot, building a large elevator tower that surpassed the height of the original buildings. The site eventually returned to private hands and, since 2000, has been owned and operated as a primary grain receival site for **GrainCorp**, cementing its continued, vital role in Charlton's agricultural life. Colour photograph of Charlton Flour Mill and silos. Intersection of Kaye & Davies Streets in the foreground. One large silver silo and three taller greyish concrete silos to the left. Three other cream coloured silos behind. There are pipes and sheds on top of the silos. There is a cream single story building to the right of the silver silo and a multi-storey building behind with eight window in the upper level. There is a small red brick building on the far left of the photo.w.e. foreman, noske bros, flour mill charlton, business, industry

1909 flood, High Street, Charlton Victoria. Children standing in floodwater in High Street looking west from corner of Armstrong Street. Malcolm's Flour Mill and Proctors Double story building.B/W photograph of 1909 flood. Children standing in floodwater in High Street looking West from Corner of Armstrong Street Charlton.charlton, armstrong street, arm, floods

Close up photograph of part of the Charlton Lithograph showing the Charlton Steam Power Flour Mill of G & C Foreman. Located in on the bank of the Avoca river. The mill owners attempted to dam the river during the 1870s. The mill was built in 1876 as recorded by the local traveling correspondent . Foreman's flour mill established 1876 at the west end of High Street. Sold to Norske in 1925. Replaced by Noske's Flour Mill on Kays Street in 1927. Noske's Flour Mill, with its commanding presence and towering silos, has long **dominated the Charlton skyline** and remains a significant landmark, even though it no longer mills flour. The mill's history is deeply intertwined with the development of Charlton and the grain industry of the surrounding district. The foundation for the mill's presence was laid in 1919 when Messrs Noske Bros. Pty. Ltd., already owning mills in Horsham, Nhill, and Murray Bridge, acquired G. H. Foreman’s Mill located by the Avoca River. The founder, **T. J. Noske**, was an early pioneer of flour exporting, expanding his milling business after unexpectedly acquiring the Horsham mill. ### A State-of-the-Art Operation The original mill by the river operated until August 1926 before being closed and dismantled. Plans were well underway for a **new, state-of-the-art mill** to be located at the former Cobb and Co site. In 1927, the new mill began operation. It was one of the largest in the state, boasting a capacity of three tons of flour per hour, a 250 h.p. diesel engine, and three initial silos. The mill quickly gained a reputation for **excellence** for both its design and its flour, which was sold successfully in local and overseas markets. ### Periods of Expansion and Trial The mill continued to grow, reflecting the importance of the local agricultural industry. Between 1940 and 1941, **nine new silos** were built, adding bulk receival points. In the record-breaking 1968 season, the mill received a colossal wheat intake of **695,000 bushels**. However, the mill also faced setbacks. On January 21, 1949, disaster struck when a **large fire** erupted in the storage shed, which contained 500 tons of bagged flour ready for export and new flour bags. The blaze was so intense that smoke was visible as far away as Wycheproof, and it threatened to destroy the entire mill. Thanks to the monumental efforts of the Charlton, St. Arnaud, Wycheproof, and Wedderburn Brigades, who ran the main pump almost continuously for 26 hours, the damage was contained, though the estimated loss was a substantial £60,000. ### Transformation of the Site At its peak, the mill was a major employer, providing work for approximately 65–70 men. But after over 45 years of operation, flour production at the mill ceased on October 25, 1973. Noske Industries Ltd. sought to adapt, converting the operation to a less successful stock feed production centre. In 1977, the **Grain Elevators Board** took over the site as a grain receival depot, building a large elevator tower that surpassed the height of the original buildings. The site eventually returned to private hands and, since 2000, has been owned and operated as a primary grain receival site for **GrainCorp**, cementing its continued, vital role in Charlton's agricultural life.Colour photo taken of a small portion of the Charlton Lithograph. Showing the Charlton Steam Flour Mill of G. C. Foreman.Charlton Steam Flour Mills. G & C Foreman proprietors.lithograph, business, industry, charlton, flour mill, noske bros, foreman

East Charlton weir across the Avoca River about 60 metres upstream from Bridge.Colour photograph of a portion of the "Views of Charlton" Lithograph. The photo is a close up of the East Charlton Wier portion of the Lithograph.East Charlton Wier Across the River Avoca.charlton, lithograph, charlton weir, avoca river, flour mill, foreman, avoca water works trust

Black and white photo copied and enlarged from small photo which was part of a set produced in c.1948. Chris Clarke with his 1934 Dodge semi trailer and W Spicer in his 1930 International truck line up to unload wheat at Noske's mill. Noskes flour mill built in 1927 with extra silos added in 1940's.Photo enlarged by Vic Williams of Bendigo nephew of Chris Clarke transport driver. Noske's Flour Mill, with its commanding presence and towering silos, has long **dominated the Charlton skyline** and remains a significant landmark, even though it no longer mills flour. The mill's history is deeply intertwined with the development of Charlton and the grain industry of the surrounding district. The foundation for the mill's presence was laid in 1919 when Messrs Noske Bros. Pty. Ltd., already owning mills in Horsham, Nhill, and Murray Bridge, acquired G. H. Foreman’s Mill located by the Avoca River. The founder, **T. J. Noske**, was an early pioneer of flour exporting, expanding his milling business after unexpectedly acquiring the Horsham mill. ### A State-of-the-Art Operation The original mill by the river operated until August 1926 before being closed and dismantled. Plans were well underway for a **new, state-of-the-art mill** to be located at the former Cobb and Co site. In 1927, the new mill began operation. It was one of the largest in the state, boasting a capacity of three tons of flour per hour, a 250 h.p. diesel engine, and three initial silos. The mill quickly gained a reputation for **excellence** for both its design and its flour, which was sold successfully in local and overseas markets. ### Periods of Expansion and Trial The mill continued to grow, reflecting the importance of the local agricultural industry. Between 1940 and 1941, **nine new silos** were built, adding bulk receival points. In the record-breaking 1968 season, the mill received a colossal wheat intake of **695,000 bushels**. However, the mill also faced setbacks. On January 21, 1949, disaster struck when a **large fire** erupted in the storage shed, which contained 500 tons of bagged flour ready for export and new flour bags. The blaze was so intense that smoke was visible as far away as Wycheproof, and it threatened to destroy the entire mill. Thanks to the monumental efforts of the Charlton, St. Arnaud, Wycheproof, and Wedderburn Brigades, who ran the main pump almost continuously for 26 hours, the damage was contained, though the estimated loss was a substantial £60,000. ### Transformation of the Site At its peak, the mill was a major employer, providing work for approximately 65–70 men. But after over 45 years of operation, flour production at the mill ceased on October 25, 1973. Noske Industries Ltd. sought to adapt, converting the operation to a less successful stock feed production centre. In 1977, the **Grain Elevators Board** took over the site as a grain receival depot, building a large elevator tower that surpassed the height of the original buildings. The site eventually returned to private hands and, since 2000, has been owned and operated as a primary grain receival site for **GrainCorp**, cementing its continued, vital role in Charlton's agricultural life.Black and white photo copied and enlarged from small photo.charlton, flour mill, noske's, noske bros