This Kerosene lamp was made in a similar design to marine lamps of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Kerosene lamps were one of the most common oil lamps used and manufactured until the 1980s. The lamp is an example of 19th and early 20th-century kerosene lamps used on board ships. The design was still made in the 1980s. Kerosene lamp; metal framed cylindrical lamp with a hinged top lid with a chain-locking device. A swinging metal handle on top pivots on two side lugs and a loop in its centre. Another similar handle is on the base. Four thin rods join the base to the top. The tank at the base has evenly distributed formed holes around it. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, maritime-museum, modern reproduction, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, kerosene lamp, lighting, mantle lamp, marine lamp, lantern, maritime lamp, lighting equipment, marine technology, ship's lighting

One of the most common centre draft kerosene lamps one can find in the USA and Canada is the Rayo. Large and sturdy, simple to use, but also notorious for being a fuel hog. This lamp was made by Bradley and Hubbard Metalworks in Chicago also Bradley and Hubbard made the “Perfection” brand lamps that look like the Rayo and are pretty much the same lamp with all parts interchangeable. The Rayo was given away to customers for free as a promotional item by the Standard Oil Company. The lamp’s huge appetite for fuel meant a hefty increase in sales of kerosene for the company and increased profits. The Rayo is a classic centre draft lamp that uses a widely available tubular wick that measures 62mm flat. It employs a simple and reliable mechanism for securing wicks in the burner along with a brass tube with many small teeth at its end. The tube is attached to the toothed rack that’s moved up and down by the adjuster knob.This type of lamp was used in most households and on rural properties before the introduction of electricity and is an early example of a promotional. The lamp was given away to customers of Kerosene oil as a means of increasing the Standard Oil Company sales of Kerosene during the late19th to early 20th century.Lamp of metal without shade. Mantle burner, plated light metal base. Ornate shade holder. Broken glass.Marked "Rayo Junior"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, lamp, mantle lamp, metal lamp, lighting, oil lamp, bradley & hubbard

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The screws on the side adjust the flame and hence the strength of the flame produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided lighting in all householdsPioneers and early settlers in Moorabbin Shire relied on kerosene lamps for lighting their homes after sunset.This kerosene, flat wick, banquet lamp has a clear glass shade chimney with a frilled rim, a reservoir of plain yellow glass and a metal engraved base . 1 side screw to adjust the flamelights, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, cheltenham. lamps, kerosene, paraffin, oil

Early mantles were made of cotton mesh, which would burn away upon first use to leave behind a fragile mesh of thorium and cerium oxides.Tilley lamp mantles, crucial for the kerosene pressure lamp's intense white light, evolved from delicate, early cotton-mesh designs to durable, modern materials. Two small white paper packets containing one silk double-tie mantle for all Tilley Lamp types with directions for use and manufacturing details printed in red print on the front. There is a blue shield at the top of the front of the packet underneath 'The Shields' brand. The silk mantle has a fine lace type appearance.'The Shields One Silk Double- Tie Mantle for all Tilley Type Lamps.' Directions are included below as well as manufacturing information.lighting equipment, lamps, kerosene lamps

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The side screws adjust the length of the wick and hence the strength of the flame / light produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided light in households after sunset.Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided light after sunset for the early settlers, as they established their farms and businesses, in Moorabbin Shire.A Victorian kerosene banquet lamp, with a gilded metal quad footed base, cranberry glass oil reservoir with geometric patterns, original etched, yellow, glass globe shade and clear glass chimney. There are 2 side screws for adjusting the flame.early settlers. pioneers, follett w, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, ormond, market gardeners, kerosene, paraffin, lights, lamps, candles

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The side screws adjust the length of the wick and hence the strength of the flame/light produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps were used for lighting in all households after sunsetPioneers and early settlers relied on kerosene lamps for lighting their homes after sunset.A 19th Century kerosene chamber lamp, with clear, plain glass shade and reservoir, circular metal base and 1 side screw for adjusting the flameearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, ormond, cheltenham, candles, lights, lamps, kerosene, paraffin, oil

This lamp has no known history. Lamps such as this one were for indoor use and were essential items in households in the 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century until electric lighting became common in most households. This item has no known local provenance and will be useful for display as an example of a common household item of the past.This is a lamp with a glass base which is fluted and mostly coloured green. The bowl is clear glass with a concave raised pattern on the base of the bowl. The bowl contains a discoloured white wick. The lighting mechanism is brass with an external knob for controlling the use of the wick. The lamp mantle is bulbous-shaped. social history, history of warrnambool, kerosene lamp

There is no known history connected to this item. A spirit lamp was an essential household item in the 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century until electric lighting became a common feature of most homes. This lamp has no particular significance and is suitable for display as an example of family life in the past.This is a spirit lamp with a milk glass base in two sections (two pedestals in rings). The bowl is made of green glass emulating the shape of the base. There is a brass section connecting the bowl to the wick holder with the wick exposed. There is a small knob or handle external to the bowl for controlling the wick’s use. The clear glass lamp mantle is slim-line bulbous shaped. history of warrnambool, social history, spirit lamp

The heavy twin tanks formerly contained vaporised kerosene which was used as a fuel to light the lantern. Kerosene became available in the 1860s as the oil industry in the United States developed, and vaporised kerosene soon became the most common system of illumination. The kerosene vapour lamp was perfected by Chance Bros. for burning the light in their renowned lenses. The system involved vaporising kerosene under pressure and mixing it with air and then burning the vapour to heat an incandescent mantle. The lamp had to be watched throughout the night in case a mantle broke, and the tanks needed to be maintained by hand-pumping each hour or so. Kerosene tanks like these were developed in the early twentieth century, and kerosene as a fuel was phased out by electricity, with the last kerosene system in Australia eventually replaced in 1985. The wick lamp in Gabo Island’s light was altered to a vaporised incandescent kerosene mantle burner in 1909. They would have been in use until 1935, when the light was electrified and the original first-order lens was replaced by a fourth-order lens. The Gabo Island tanks, which are presumed to be those used in the lighthouse between 1909 and 1935, are not attached to the optical apparatus and are no longer in the lighthouse. They are also missing the pressure gauges that were formerly attached to the top of each cylinder. Cape Schanck has a pair of unattached tanks, which are not historically associated with the lighthouse. Point Hicks has an iron stand that formerly supported its lighthouse oil tanks. Despite their lack of intactness, the Gabo Island tanks have first level contributory significance for their provenance to the lightstation and historic association with the lantern’s original Chance Brothers first order lens, which was removed in 1935Two large green cylinders standing in a metal frame. There is also a pumping mechanism attached to the stand with a wooden handle.

An item of this type would have been used for lighting purposes by householders both within and around the house in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It may have originally been attached to a wall or ledge. This item has no known local provenance but is retained as an example of a lighting mechanism some 100 years ago.This is the main body of a kerosene lamp. It is made of metal and the base and back stand have been painted green. It has a mantle, an oil container and a round reflector plate (which has been originally painted silver). The glass bulb is missing.N (?) 23 Victorvintage lighting, kerosene lamps

This is a vintage lighting mechanism probably dating from the 1920s. It would have been used in a household or business to provide lighting for a room. It is quite heavy so would have mostly rested on a table or ledge. It is a Petromax lantern, a brand name for a type of pressurised paraffin lamp that uses a mantle. The Petromax lantern was developed in 1910 by Max Graetz of the firm of Ehrich and Graetz of Berlin, Germany (petro= petroleum, max=Max Graetz).The Petromax lantern is still produced todayThis lantern is of antiquarian interest as an example of household lighting100 years ago.This is a lantern with a metal base, a wooden stem painted black, a metal body holding a piece of circular glass and a metal top with perforations acting as a chimney. The base has a hand pump and a removable screw cap to enable the base to be filled with paraffin. The main body has a screw holder to control the lighting and a pre-lighting mechanism and a mantle fitting inside the glass. The mantle is missing.PETROMAX No. 886 MADE IN GERMANYvintage lighting, petromax lanterns

This is a hurricane lamp, so called because the tall glass dome was designed to protect the flame from excessive draft. These lamps were common in households in the first half of the 20th century ( used for house lighting) and later used for camping and out door activities.This item is retained as an example of type of lighting used in pre electricity times.This is a metal lamp with a glass bowl contained within a metal frame with a handle. There is a mantle inside the bowl. On the metal frame and base are various mechanisms for controlling the flame and a place for filling the container at the bottom with kerosene. The metal is heavily rusted with splotches of paint.vintage lighting, hurricane lamps

There is no known history attached to this item. Lamps such as this one were common household items in the 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century until electrical lighting became common in most households. This item has no known local provenance but it is useful for display as an item that was common in households in the past. This item has a cast iron base in a pyramidal shape with the four sides having identical scrolls and star shapes. A piece of brass attaches the base to a violet-coloured bowl. The bowl contains a white wick. The brass wick holder has an external knob for regulating the light intensity. There is more brass between the bowl and the mantle which is made of plain glass. On the base of the lamp: ‘Rd. No. 207869’ history of warrnambool, social history, ruby glass kerosene lamp

Originally these mantles where produced to be used in gas street lights in Europe and North America cities.There use started in 1891. These mantles were used before electrical power street lighting was installed. They have been used ever since until safety concerns regarding radiation from their thorium infused particles made alternate mobile lamps more attractive. The age of open flame recreational lighting is fast coming to a close. The greater use of battery and generator powered lighting(ease of operation) has brought the costing of these alternative lighting to an acceptable level. The age of miniaturisation and volatility of the open flame has seen a greater swing to smaller and more stable lighting. These incandescent gas mantles were initially used in the Coleman White Gas LanternsThe Kiewa Valley, with its closeness to the Victorian Alps, allows greater opportunity for the "happy" campers to enjoy the outdoors. The lighting provided by the incandescent gas lamps allow the adventurer at heart to enjoy an alternative lifestyle and still having the comforts of "home" at their finger tips. The numerous camping facilities in the Kiewa Valley and the upper alpine region is testament that those living in the cities need a break from the day to day grind and go to a quieter and more spiritual environment. Artificial lighting, as provided by mobile apparatus, is highly valued by the urban gypsy. The outdoor recreational industry has significantly provided for, if only at holiday time, an industry that has a relatively high employment rate and beneficial to local communities.The gas mantle is in a fabric, pear shaped, of rayon fabric impregnated with cerium. It's appearance is similar to a very small fishing net. The fabric is very ply-able until it is heated by an open flame then it becomes more rigid and lets out an incandescent white light. Its colour is white to off white. It has a draw string fastened a t the bottom (to wrap around the flame source)lighting, gas, heating, camping, outdoor equipment lamp

The kerosene lantern is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lanterns have a wick or mantle as light source. They may be hand-held for portable lighting.This kerosene lantern was used as a light on road works in the Orbost area. It would have been carried/used by one of the road workers. Lamps of this kind were significantroadworks items in their period of use as essential tools to the safe-working operations of the Country Roads Board.. A red metal roadworks warning lantern. It is rectangular with a metal carrying handle. The top is domed. The door at the back is hingedand opens with a small nail. The lamp was lit by kerosene held in a small square tank with a wick.lantern kerosene light lamp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tilley-storm-lantern-X246-May- Tilley storm lantern, this model has been in production since 1964 The Tilley Lamp derives from John Tilley’s invention of the hydro-pneumatic blowpipe in 1813 in England. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lamp#Pressure_lamp Pressure lamps are far more sophisticated than wick lamps and produce a much brighter light, although they can be quite complicated and fiddly to use. This type of lamp is commonly known in the UK as a "Tilley lamp", after a manufacturer of the same name, and in North America as a "Coleman lantern" for similar reasons. A kerosene blowtorch displaying the various aspects of the kerosene burnerA pressure lamp has a fuel tank at the bottom with a small pump to pressurise the kerosene. There is a narrow gap up to the top of the lamp, called a flue, and at the top of the lamp there is a burner (gas outlet). Directly underneath the burner is the mantle, a fabric bag coated with chemicals that incandesce when heated by the gas flame. The burner lamp is known for its brightness. It is so bright because of the amount of pressure that is placed onto the wick. This pressure allows a steady flow of the gasoline and a constant light Tilley Storm Pressure Lantern, model no x246 has a stainless steel base which is filled with kerosene, with a pump used to pressurize the kerosene vapor. Under the base is a sticker.On top is a black hood with vents which sits on the glass heat resistant shade. The glass shade has an etched label. It has a white and pink mantle on the central rod with a long shaped stainless steel handle, this folds down when not in use.Base - Sticker Tilley Lamp Model X246 Etched on glass shade Tilley, Durosil, ITI, Heat Resistant. Made in Englandlantern tilley pump pressure mantle kerosene methylated spirits stainless steel lamp kerosene lamp round glass cylinder

The couple are May & David Mitchell in the front room of their holiday shack called "The Holiday Hut" - built by E.C. Mitchell of Stawell at the site of the Borough Huts. See Rec 586 for more information.The photo shows a man and a woman standing in a room. The walls have been papered. A double shelf behind the man has a china jug/vase on the top section and glasses on the lower one. Two lamps stand on the mantle shelf behind the couple. Both people are wearing glasses and the woman is wearing a cardigan with a cream blouse with a brooch. The man is wearing a tie, shirt and zipped cardigan.buildings, houses

Gas lamps worked by heating something called a 'mantle' with a gas flame. The mantle then glowed brightly, lighting up the room. Lamps had either two chains, for a ceiling-mounted lamp or a tap for a wall-mounted burner to turn off the gas. These chains or taps could also adjust the flow of the gas and hence the brightness of the mantle. Before Carl Auer von Welsbach invented the gas mantle in the 1890s, all gas lights in homes and street lights had simple gas jets that pointed upwards. In the home, these lights were covered with glass globes and had an overall ornate look making the lamp ascetically pleasing and protecting the flame from being blown out. However, this arrangement was extremely inefficient: To get as much light as possible, the gas had to be turned fully up, resulting in large sheets of flame rising towards a ceiling. Also, because the lamp had to be point upwards, the illumination was directed upwards, i.e. at the ceiling rather than where it was needed. So the usable light for a given amount of gas was minimal but the invention of the gas mantle eventually changed this. It enabled gas lights to have a small flame and to direct their light downwards. The item is significant as it is part of a very ornate gas lamp wall bracket from the late 19th to early 20th century. Its provenance is currently unknown and at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place and the item is assessed as a collective asset.Gas lamp wall bracket; part of a gas lamp. A single burner fancy wall mounted bracket, brass, ornate and decorative, featuring a Lamassu - figure with the body of a lion , wings of an eagle and human head. It was recovered from the wreck of the Loch ArdNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, gas lamp, brass lamp, gas burner bracket, domestic artifact, gas lighting, gas lamp bracket

This gas lamp light and stand came from the original manufacturer in Melbourne. Gas street lights such as this one were used in Melbourne from the mid-19th century. The lights enabled safer after-dark travel for pedestrians and vehicles and were a deterrent to crime. A lamp lighter was employed to keep the lamps lit, sometimes with little success due to weather conditions and the pranks of youths. WARRNAMBOOL Gasworks In Warrnambool prior to 1874 there were about twenty rare, individually lit street lights in Warrnambool, each with its own supply of kerosene. These lamps were in the central business area of Timor, Koroit and Liebig Streets. The Warrnambool Gas Company Ltd. was registered as an incorporated company in 1873. It was a private, locally owned business. It was located at 209-215 Merri Street, Warrnambool, on the land, which is just west of the later-built railway station. The first managers of the Gas Company lived in a substantial stone house on site, but later the managers lived in a residence in Henna Street between Merri and Timor Streets. The original home, which still stands, became a residence for the Railway Station Master from about 1890. In August 1874 the construction of the gasworks was complete and at the end of that month gas was supplied to all of the existing lamps in Warrnambool for the first time. The Warrnambool Gas Company wound up in 1880-1881 and was purchased by the Warrnambool Borough Council with money raised by a loan – the Borough’s first ‘loan transaction’. The Council established a piped network to supply gas to other street connections. The gasworks were privatised and upgraded in 1952. In 1972 the town supply was converted to liquid petroleum gas and by the early 1980s the gasworks were closed down. In 1986 Warrnambool was supplied with natural gas from a site near Port Campbell. The Warrnambool gasworks supplied all street and shop lighting and most domestic lighting until 1923 when electricity was available for lighting. Bromfield Street in Warrnambool was named after the director of the gasworks, James Astley Bromfield (1823-1903). He arrived in Warrnambool from Worcestershire, England, in 1852 and was very active in the local council and community. Cockman Street was named after the first secretary of the gasworks in 1874, Walter Cockman (c.1821-1892). He was a Mayor and businessman. The second Manager, Luther Rodgers, worked for the gas company for about twenty years and both Rodger Place and Rodgers Road in Warrnambool have been named after him. LAMP LIGHTS IN MELBOURNE In the 1820s Melbourne's innkeepers were legally required to have a lamp light outside their premises from sunset to sunrise. This was the first instance of street lamps being used in Melbourne. In 1847 the first oil lamp was used in the city. In 1849 a gas lamp was installed on the Swanston Street Bridge and much of the city had oil lamps installed by then. In August 1857 the installation of street gas lamps began in Melbourne. They were welcomed for the much brighter illumination they gave. By 1860 there were 414 lamp pillars. The phrase was quoted often - "A light was as good as a policeman". The first gas burners used for street lighting were called 'fishtail' gas burners. These were replaced in the early 1900s by gas mantles. The City of Melbourne Gas Coke Company was formed in 1850 but due to the Gold Rush the manufacture and distribution of the gas supply was delayed until January 1856. By the 1890s the gas supplying the lights was supplied by three companies in Melbourne. In 1879 a football match was played at the MCG under electric lighting and gradually electric arc lights were installed inside and outside buildings in the city. Lamp lights such as the one in Flagstaff Hill’s collection were no longer needed. (References: John Lindsay re Lamp Light history 2019-01-29, Former Warrnambool Gas Company Limited, Victorian Heritage Database Report, Heritage Number 149746 https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/149746/download-report ) The lamp light is representative of the lamps used in Melbourne from the mid-nineteenth century to light the streets at night and make Melbourne a safer city. The lamp is also representative of the gas street lighting in Warrnambool from the mid-1870s-1920s.Lamp light or gas light. Street light, one of the last gas street lights removed from Melbourne. (Reconditioned by Friends of Flagstaff Hill, 2013)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, lamp light, gas light, gas lamp, street lamp, street light, gas street light, melbourne street lighting, warrnambool street lighting, melbourne gas street light, warrnambool gas company, warrnambool gasworks, james bromfield, walter cockman, luther rodgers, city of melbourne gas coke company

Kerosene lamp with ceramic base and shade. Metal shade holder and glass cover for mantle.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Lamp with large disc for radiating heat. Heavy circular base, tank with fuel inlet and pressure pump. Mantle type wick with half-spherical mantle. "Companion" inscribed onto fuel tank.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, lighting, lamp, companion

Black enamel top cover with circular dome. Mantle with glass cover 8cm: adjustable fuel knob. Protective guard with carrying handle attached - silver coated steel. Silver coated domed base with primer knob. mantle fragile & damaged.Tilley 'Pyrex' 171. Made in UK. Manufactured in United Kingdom '570XA'

1. State Express Ready Rubbed, produced by the Ardath Tobacco Company (est. 1895 London), was a popular Virginia tobacco, notably manufactured in Australia during the mid-20th century. The tins were typically small to mid-sized, featuring the "State Express" and "Ardath Fine Cut" branding, with "Ready Rubbed" indicating it was pre-shredded tobacco. Used widely by Australian soldiers in WWII, these compact tins are highly collectible today, appearing through the 1960s. 2. The Tilley Storm Lantern,company started in the early 19th century, with William Henry Tilley manufacturing gas lamps in the 1830s. By 1919, the company pivoted to kerosene (paraffin) pressure lamps, using a pressurized system for lighting, which was improved with incandescent mantles. The company expanded rapidly, securing major contracts to supply lamps to railway companies for track work and inspections. Tilley lamps were extensively used by British armed forces during both World Wars. In WWII, they were essential for field operations, guiding aircraft (RAF), and providing light in blackout conditions. 1. A red rectangular, State Express cigarette tin with a hinged lid. The company logo and other details are printed in gold lettering on the lid as well as Ready Rubbed Virginia Tobacco Ardath Fine Cut. There is an insignia with two crossed heraldic flags and an eagle on top. This information is printed in black lettering on a gold background inside the lid. 2. The tin contains a folded green paper instruction leaflet for the use of a Tilley Storm Lantern made in England with a black plastic branded Tilley Spare Part Dipstick used for measuring the fuel level. There is also a broken thin black ring fitting.1. On the front of the lid: 'State Express Ready Rubbed Absolutely unique in its quality Virginia Tobacco Ardath Fine Cut'. There is an insignia with two crossed heraldic flags and an eagle on top. 2oz. Net Weight. When packed is at the bottom in black print. Inside the lid: 'Every tin of genuine Star Express Ready Rubbed Ardath Fine Cut has the name of Ardath printed on the paper lining' The insignia is also printed. 2. Included is a green folded pamphlet 'Hints on the use of your Tilley Storm Lantern (Regd.)' Information in the leaflet is quite detailed. The dipstick has 'The Tilley Lamp Co. Ltd. Dipstick for Models named on reverse. E.X.100.,P.L.53.,10.,T.L.13., R. T.L.106.,T.L.136.,X246.K.L.80.,LIFE BUOY. USE ONLY GENUINE 'TILLEY' SPARE PARTS'smoking equipment, cigarette containers, tobacco

Kerosene lamps were used as a main source of lighting throughout Australia prior to the supply of domestic electrical services. This was obviously later in many rural areas. This lamp was used in the home of Mrs. Laura Flower nee Sommer wife of Mr. Stanley Flower of Wodonga.This lamp is representative of the lamps used throughout Australia prior to the introduction of domestic electricity supplies. It was used in the home of a Wodonga resident.This item has a cast iron base in a pyramidal shape with the four sides having an identical leaf and flower design. A piece of brass attaches the base to a clear glass bowl. The bowl contains a white wick. The brass wick holder has an external knob for regulating the light intensity. There is more brass between the bowl and the mantle which is made of plain glass.Inside the base of the lamp: an Rd No which is uncleardomestic appliances, kerosene lamp

Was the stand for a Chance Brothers air & oil containers fitted with pump handle & pressure gauges.This type of installation was once common and relied on the lightkeeper having to pressurise the cylinders manually at regular intervals throughout the hours of darkness. The oil was fed under pressure to the burner mantle. It is all that remains of an air and kerosene oil tank installation, with each rounded side formerly supporting a heavy iron tank. The containers would have been fitted with a pump handle and pressure gauges. An intact assemblage is displayed in the AMSA offices, Canberra with a text that explains ‘This type of installation was once common and relied on the lightkeeper having to pressurise the cylinders manually at regular intervals throughout the hours of darkness’.The system involved vaporising kerosene under pressure and mixing it with air and then burning the vapour to heat an incandescent mantle. The use of kerosene as a fuel to light the lantern became the most common system of illumination from the 1860s after the oil industry in the United States began to develop. The kerosene vapour burner was created in 1901 by British inventor Arthur Kitson (1859-1937) and perfected by Chance Bros for burning a more intense light in their renowned lenses. The lamp had to be watched throughout the night in case a mantle broke, and the tanks needed to be maintained by hand-pumping each hour or so. The Point Hicks lantern was initially lit by a six-wick Trinity house kerosene burner. This was replaced by the more efficient and brighter 55mm vaporised kerosene mantle burner in 1905, and the tank stand is probably original to this apparatus. Electricity eventually replaced kerosene at Point Hicks in 1964 making the tank installation obsolete, and the last kerosene system in an Australian lighthouse was replaced in 1985. Gabo Island Lightstation has a pair of tanks that are not attached to the optical system and are no longer in the lighthouse. They are also missing the pressure gauges that were formerly attached to the top of each cylinder. An intact tank assemblage is displayed at the Cape Schanck Lighthouse Museum it is detached and not original to the lighthouse. Although corroded, the remnant Point Hicks tank stand has first level contributory importance to the lightstation. It is significant for its provenance and historical value as part of the Chance Bros vaporised kerosene burner introduced in 1905 to intensify the light and improve the efficiency of the system. The rusted iron stand rests on four short legs and is shaped like a pair of spectacles.