The Heliograph MkV is a fascinating piece of historical surveying and communications equipment. It was primarily used for visual signaling by reflecting sunlight with a mirror to send coded messages over long distances. This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. The MkV model, specifically, was widely used by the British Army and other military forces from around 1906 until the mid 1960s. It remained in use with the Australian Army Survey Corps until the mid 1980s. The device typically included a 5 - inch mirror and was often mounted on a tripod for stability. Initially the instrument was used to communicate between survey stations using Morse code to coordinate their activities. Later when better forms of communication were available, they were used for precise angle alignment where the sunlight reflection from the mirror was targeted between the survey stations to give very accurate results. The MkV was relatively light weight and portable, making it ideal for use in the field. It could be setup and adjusted quickly. The heliograph had an adjustable mirror that could be tilted to reflect sunlight towards a distant receiver. Surveyors could align the mirror using a sighting device. Whilst it was primarily used by the Military it was also used in civil surveying particularly in the remote areas of Australia. The British Army Mark V version uses a flat round mirror with a small unsilvered spot in the centre. The sender aligned the heliograph to the target by looking at the reflected target in the mirror and moving their head until the target was hidden by the unsilvered spot. Keeping their head still, they then adjusted the aiming rod so its cross wires bisected the target, they then turned up the sighting vane, which covered the cross wires with a diagram of a cross, and aligned the mirror with the tangent and elevation screws, so the small shadow that was a reflection of the unsilvered spot hole was on the cross target. This indicated that the sunbeam was pointing at the target. If the sun was in front of the sender, its rays were reflected directly from this mirror to the receiving station. If the sun was behind the sender, the sighting rod was replaced by a second mirror, to capture the sunlight and direct it onto the main mirror to reflect it to the receiving station.. 1 Brish Army "Mance" Mk V A253 Heliograph has two 125mm diameter mirrors on a brass arm with targeting attachments. The Instrument is mounted on a three-legged tripod of brass and mahogany with spiked feet, approximately 1.2 metres high. The instrument was made by LUCO Art Metal Co Ltd, London in 1940. .2 A military green metal carrying safety storage case with khaki shoulder strap.A253 stamped on instrumentroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr

Engraved trench art. WW2.Trench art - grey metal, engraved, oval box, plastic top and bottom.“Rabaul 1946”passchendaele barracks trust, trench art, metal case, ww2

The Senior Technical Schools Athletics Association ‘Herald Shield’ is one of many timber and metal repoussé commissions undertaken by students and staff at the Ballarat Technical Art School. The School was known for the quality of its art metal work which was applied to product, interior and commemorative designs. Between 1915 and 1936 Wilfred Kenneth (c1883-1957) taught boys and girls at preparatory and senior levels, including the ‘Art Metal Work and Repoussé’ industrial design specialisation. During World War I, Kenneth oversaw the training of repatriated soldiers which catalysed into a new, a successful art metal business, the Decorative Metal Craft Company in Chancery Lane, Ballarat. The shield was given by the proprietors of The Herald.Timber and metal repousse shield listing winning teams from 1918-1940. 1918 - Ballarat 1919 - Ballarat 1920 - Working Men's College Melbourne (now RMIT) 1921 - No contest 1922 - Swinburne 1923 - Ballarat 1924 - Ballarat 1925 - Ballarat 1926 - Ballarat 1927 - Geelong 1928 - Maryborough 1929 - Bendigo 1930 - Bendigo 1931 - Working Man's College 1932 - Wonthaggi 1933 - M.T.C. 1934 - Ballarat 1935 - Ballarat 1936 - Ballarat 1937 - No Contest 1938 - Ballarat 1939 - Ballarat 1940 - Geelong Above list engraved into metalherald shield, athletics, working mans college, rmit, ballarat school of mines, trophy, commission, art metal, repousse, ballarat technical art school, wilfred kenneth

Wrist badge for self identifiaction made by 2381 C.W. Smith as Trench Art during service in WW1Manufactured during WW1 by C.W. Smith as an item of identification in case of an adverse occurrence during his operational serviceHand made metal map of Australia with brown leather band hand stitched and brass metal buckle“2381 C.W.SMITH/1ST FIELD SQDN./A.N.Z. MTD DIV M.” Inscribed on front of metal mapwrist, badge, metal

The Bendigo School of Mines was opened in 1873 to meet the scientific and technical needs of the mining industry on the local gold fields. Mining, chemistry, geology, metallurgy and art were taught. In c.1907 a Junior Technical School commenced to operate at the School of Mines and Industry. This was to enable boys who had completed primary school the opportunity to continue their education and learn skills to assist them in their future. In c.1961 the Junior Technical School ceased to operate with that function being transferred to the White Hills and Kangaroo Flat technical schools.Red/brown soft covered booklet.A.W Steane written on front coverbendigo junior technical school, prospectus, w.h walter, j.r.v anderson, a.w. steane, w.s. lake, k.c. abbott, mr grant, mathematics and science, woodwork and sheet metal, art, principal, bendigo

The Ballarat School of Mines is a predecessor institution of Federation University Austraila.Black and white poster of images of teaching staff at The School of Mines. Images grouped into teaching areas/subjectshumanities, maths, science, metal fabrication, art/craft, machine shop, administration, planning, student services, co-ordinator, motor mechanics, library, educational services, audio visual, print, electrical trades, plumbing, sheetmetal, remedial, carpentry, business studies, panel beating, body making, painting and decorating, bricklaying, rural studies, woolclassing, barry firth, librarian, heather durant, paula hall, john van dreevan, frank sheehan, ballarat school of mines, staffmembers, poster, staffmember poster

Nineteenth century household object employing an Aboriginal shape with art nouveau figurative designDiecast metal plate. Impressed with the figure of a naked figure with a wand in his or her hand touching the nose of a head (the moon?), causing it to sneeze. Lady lying on a bed of flowers. Three stoppers on the reverse to hold the plate above the surface.metal dish, art nouveau - australia

A typical example of art work for printing and plastic diary cover. TBCAn example of how embossing was prepared and that Legacy Handbooks were printed with the torch and laurel logo.Navy blue Legacy diary, with the metal art work block used to emboss the words "Melbourne Legacy" onto the cover, also graph paper on cardboard used to mock up the artwork.Manilla Envelope, in black texta Melbourne Legacy Diary/H/Book Cover Art White paper adhered to envelope with the word in red HIOTECH words in brown graphics 50 Cremorne Street, Richmond Victoria 3121 (03) 428 1925 A.C.N. 005313155., between two horizontal brown lines. Thin brown horizontal line at bottom of paper. Handwrittenin black ink, J.D.Harris. Diary cover Legacy logo, MELBOURNE LEGACY in gold. Cover Block, handwritten in gold ink (very faded) between Legacy logo and Melbourne Legacy. Cardboard graph, Legacy logo, MELBOURNE LEGACY, handwritten in blue ink SLS. Metal block, Legacy logo. MELBOURNE LEGACY written backwards. White glossy paper, Legacy logo and MELBOURNE LEGACY stamped onto the paper. handbook, logo

The Ballarat School of Mines was a predecessor institution of Federatin University Australia. The scrap books were kept by the librarians and related to topics of interest to the Ballarat School of Mines, its students and its staff. 17 December 1954 - Ballarat Junior Technical School Headmaster's Report 05 February 1925 - Ballarat School of Mines Museum closure 25 February 1925 - War Trophies Museum 06 May 1925 - Ballarat's Museum. Where is it? Some Interesting Facts 14 May 1925 - White Flat Reserve 21 June 1928 - Ballarat School of Mines Procession 14 March 1929 - Mr A.D.R. Galloway - An Australian Abroad - Tragic end. 1929 - Technical Education 17 October 1929 - Agricultural Engineering 15 February 1930 - Ballarat School of Mines Student Association 20 February 1930 - 61s Annual Meeting of the Ballarat School of Mines 02 June 1930 - R. Young in Belgium and visits battlefields including Hill 60. 19 February 1931 - School Hostel Suggested 14 April 1931 - Frank Pinkerton Obituary 15 October 1921 - Life at Mt Isa (E. Loveland) 18 February 1932 - Discussion on Teachers College (Ballarat Teachers' College) 11 July 1931 - Phoenix Model Locomotive donation to the Ballarat School of Mines 06 May 1932 - The Mt Isa Country 11 Oct 1932 - Death of F.W. Alsopp (former SMB student) 21 January 1933 - Education In Victoria: Will a New Era Open 28 September 1933 - New Teaching System Explained by the Minister 17 February 1934 - Trip to New Guinea (A.F. Heseltine) 19 April 1934 - Early Ballarat - Address by Nathan Spielvogel 30 August 1934 - Ballarat Junior Technical School Tennis Court 23 August 1934 - Welding plant and Battery 17 June 1935 - Men about Town - A.F. Heseltine 21 June 1935 - Vocational Guidance 16 July 1935 - Ballarat School of Mines (history) 03 August 1935 - Men About Town - William H. Middleton 10 August 1935 - A.E.C. Kerrballarat school of mines, martha pinkerton, scrap book, a.w. nicholson, john lynch (junior), mount lyell, leslie evans, leslie blake evans, herald shield for athletics, ballarat school of mines museum, motor mechanics' classes for ladies, farm engineering, villers bretonneux carvings, trengrove, museum, port pirrie, j.i. simpson, reuben s. russelll, ballarat technical art school, charles harvey, elliott gower, la gerche, c. curnow, applied art, macroberston scholarship, ballarat school of mines procession, rag, vale park tree planting, smb ball, pottery classes, delineascope, mica smith scholarship, james peart, burma mnies, smb excursion to western australia, kalgoorlie, elsie mckissock, war trophies, warwick smith, spencer street bridge, war museum, richard j. young, alfred mica smith obituary, reginald callister, john rowell, sewerage installation, h.h. smith, w.h. middleton, olive scott, dolly whitehead, vale park, ballarat war museum opening, repatriation classes, sewerage at the ballarat school of mines, australian coals, j.p. ellsworth, yallourn, w.g. walker, reunion, norfolk island pine, mica smith memorial, jessice smith, harry fern, t. henderson, bhp, john adam, ols students' association, l.b. curnow, laura crouch, signwriting, excursion, port pirrie excursion, albert potter, pearl fricke, technica school sports, percy trompf, ballarat school of mines battery, albert mclean, a.d.r. galloway, alan douglas richard galloway, r.j. young, alan ludbrook, r. timpe, ballarat ironworkers and polytechnic association, h. jolly, carpentry, harold jolly, millinery classes, phoenix model locomotive, s.j. morgan, r.d. bannister, juvenile industrial exhibition, w.h. shaw, j.c. winds, f.h. davis, h.r. worland, w.t. magee, l. george, l. balhausen, white flat oval, resue from yarrowee creek, e. berriman, ballarat teachers' college, reg mcconnell, mount lyell co, munro reaper, munro reaper model, weaving classes, mervyn trimmings, briquette dust, edna findlay, jean rogers, n. mccallum, jessie glass, classroom ventilation, art metal, charles fenner, levi molyneux, olice scott, poster competition, kerr grant, w.h. steane, h. caddy, colvin smith, claude creelman, robert colins, stan hillman, n.c. heathcote, egg collection, john alexander, nornie gude, charles deane, graham hopwood, roswald john dart, max wilson, new battery, jess hopwood, william middleton, a.e.c. kerr, hand weaving classes, m. martin, a.h. leeson, mona rogerson, lorna bailey, prospectors classes, edwin robinson, kalgoorlie vist, railway locomotive

The Ballarat Technical Art School was part of the Ballarat School of MinesA soft covered book of 58 pages called the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries Prospectus A. Contents includes teaching staff, school hours, curriculum, fee list, Travelling concessions, school library, classification of subjects. scholarships, list of examiners, full science courses Includes images Staff of the Ballarat School of Mines and Students at work in Turning and Fittingballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, design, modelling, figure drawing, fashion plate drawing, black and white illustration, wood carving, lettering, art metal work, retouching, architecture, architectural diploma, draughtsmen's courses, art teachers' courses, outdoor sketching classes, photography, building construction, architectural drawing, ticketwriting, signwriting and decorating, dressmaking, needlework, art teachers' certificate., student activities

William John ARCHER (Bill) No 321 (born Castlemaine, enlisted Castlemaine) in B Coy 21st Batt AIF on 18.1.15. Embarked for Eygpt 8.5.15. Hospital 9.9.15 with Influenza. Hospital 24.11.15 with Gastric Enteritis. Hospital 2.1.16 with Otitis Media. Transfers to the 57th Batt and embarks for France. Hospital with Trench Fever 4.10.16. Promoted to Cpl 28.4.17. Hospital 19.3.18 with Scabies. WIA 18.4.18 GSW's to chest and leg severe. Discharged from the AIF medically unfit 9.1.19. Alexander William ARCHER No 40637 (born Castlemaine, enlisted Melbourne) in the RAAF on 16.5.41 age 18 years 8 months. He wanted to be a Mess Steward and was taken in as he had worked in similar work line. He then has 5 postings before embarking for Egypt on 2.4.1942 and was posted to No 3 SQD RAAF on 20.5.1942. Re mustered as a Motor Cyclist he became a Dispatch Rider on 8.9.1942 between the RAAF and the Army. Alex served in the Middle East and Italy with 3 SQD. He embarked from Egypt diagnosed with Kyphosis and Scoliosis on 5.2.1944. In Australia he was re mustered as Office Orderly on 6.7.1944 and then discharged from the RAAF on 2.10.1944 Medically Unfit. Wooden base with brass shells either end resembling Officers caps,one being WWI, the other WWII, both inscribed. Centre plaque inscribed Alex Archer and Bill Archer, father and son. Above the centre plaque is a piece of German shrapnel chrome plated Map - "North Africa, 1940", on left hand side, "18-Pounder, 1917, Bill Archer-Anzac, 1914-1919", on right hand side, "German shrapnel"handcrafts - trench art, metal craft- brassware, arms - ammunition, military history - souvenirs

Letter opener. Hand crafted by a crewman on HMAS Hobart in Tokyo Harbour at the surrender signing in 1945.Metal trench art letter opener. Rifle cartridge with metal knife blade.H.M.A.S Hobart. Tokyo. Mounted on card. Letter opener. Hand crafted by a crewman on HMAS Hobart in Tokyo Harbour at the surrender signing 1945. Donated by: Mr. Robert Cameron. Parkdale.

Trench art ashtray metal shell and 50 calibre bulletOn base of object; 7 [2 Asian characters] Ftrench art, ashtray, military memorabilia, bull case, shell

Souvenirs collected by Private Allan Joseph Campbell Cowan, No 3715 (born Fitzroy, enlisted Melbourne) on 17.7.1915 in the 12th Reinforcements 6th Batt A.I.F age 33 years, embarked for Eygpt 23.11.1915, embark for France 23.6.1916. Once in France and overtime Allan spends approx 6 months in the field. His records show he was hospitalised with numerous problems including Influenza, Bronchitis, Otitis Media, Corneal Opoaties, Mystagius and medically downgraded and RTA 21.4.18 as medically unfit classed Visual defect Cataract and discharged from the Army on 5.12.1918 Medically unfit.Collection of souvenirs in an arranged design. The collection includes; Small name plaque, Badges, metal from six countries, Australia, Britain, United States, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. Uniform buttons - metal. Medals - metal. Coins, metal. Trench Art - metal. Munitions The frame is timber with a timber mount box. Glass front, timber back. Brown stain finish on all timber.Inscription on name plaque - black ink on white cardboard. "Souvenirs/ Collected by/ Private A.J. Cowan/ 6th Batt A.I.F./ 1914-1918".souvenirs, ww1, trench art, framed collection

Items souveniered or collected by James Worland Mills No 3441 59th Batt AIF. Refer 169P. Metal souvenirs from France and Letter opener. .1) Silver shield with cross, wheat, on either side, crown on top. Town coat-of arms for Ypres, with clasp. .2) Tarnished metal, lion on shield, crown on top,3 leaf clover on either side, town coat-of-arms for Arras, with clasp. .3) Letter opener. Trench art - metal rifle cartridge with pressed brass handle and knife/blade. .1) "YPRES" coat of arms. .2) "ARRAS" coat of arms. .3) "SOUVENIR OF FRANCE" (under helmet)souvenirs, coats of arms, letter openers, trench art

Mass production of Jewelry Boxes began in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. Jewelry boxes came in a variety of sizes. They were made of cast metal, first plated with copper, then silver or gold. They were lined with fine pale coloured silks and often trimmed with a fine twisted silk cording. The Art Metal boxes during the early 1900s in Art Nouveau style were most popular with floral motifs gaining great favour. Jennings Brothers were founded in 1890 and produced a variety of objects. Each item is marked with JB and a 3-4 digit catalogue number. They went out of business in 1953. Their dies were purchased by another company to manufacture cheaper replicas of the original products.This box displays all of the typical features of a small example of this style of jewellery box or casket, particularly the elaborate Art Nouveau flower motifs decorating the lid and sides. The diamond pattern with floral motives is unusual.Antique silver plated Art Nouveau Jewelry Box (or casket) on legs, lined with silk showing silk-corded edges.Manufactured by Jennings Brothers Company, USA. Base features diamond shapes with floral motive in each shape.Base bears the initials JB near bottom left leg and number 113 near top right leg. 'M' scratched in one shape on base.art nouveau

Hecla produced a wide range of appliances for domestic use, beginning with heaters and later branching out to a wider range of kitchen appliances Hecla was established by Clarence William Marriott, a young Melbourne metal worker. He began manufacturing Australia's first carbon filament electric radiators in 1899. He originally worked for his father James Marriott who commenced business in Melbourne as an art metal worker in 1872 and was, in 1907, appointed as the official art metal worker to the Victorian Government producing items including the ornate iron gates and gas lamp standards outside Melbourne's Parliament House. With the invention of nickel chromium wire after 1900, C.W. Marriott began making more efficient heating elements using this new material in 1916. After being influenced by the eruption of Mount Hekla in Iceland, on 19 December 1918, Clarence registered the brand name "HECLA" with an erupting volcano as its logo. The company Hecla Electrics Pty Ltd was officially registered in 1922. In 1928 the company adopted the advertising slogan, 'By Hecla, it's Good'. The Hecla range rapidly expanded to include electric heaters and radiators, electric foot warmers, electric kettles, ceramic & metal electric jugs, immersion hot water elements, electric fans, electric coffee percolators, electric toasters, electric grillers and stoves, electric irons and electric frypans, clocks and curling wands. Electric blankets were introduced shortly after WWII.In 1930, a controlling interest in Hecla Electrics Pty Ltd was acquired by General Electric Corporation. Clarence William Marriott died in June 1967 in Melbourne, Victoria.This item is representative of a common domestic appliance used throughout Australia. It was manufactured by a pioneering Australian company.A small chrome steel toaster manufactured by Hecla Australia. It has a door on either side which flips down to insert or remove a slice of bread on each side, Each door has two black Bakelite knobs. The electric element is placed down the centre of the cavity. A detachable electric cord is included.240 Volts, 600 Watts. Cat. No. T4 Submitted to Electrical Approval Board Ref Application A1/AD01 SECV 240 Volt 600 Watt MANFED. IN AUSTRALIA SOLID BRASSelectrical appliances, hecla corporation australia, clarence william marriott, domestic appliances

Blue hard covered book with hand written reports from the Art Principal, H.H. Principal. Two letters are pasted into the front, one from Frank Tate of the Victorian Education Department. 26 April 1918 - Proposed pottery industry in Ballarat 31 May 1919 - Erection of pottery kiln, with Selkirk bricks. 28 June 1918 - Daylesford Technical Art School. 30 August 1918 - Resignation of C. Campbell, instructor of Photography. 25 October 1918 - Returned Soldiers Classes in Art Metal and Signwriting. 25 October 1918 - Herald Shield Trophy 28 July 1922 - Ragged Boys Home, Tennis Court 22 August 1924 - Letterhead of the Attorney General Victoria concerning the transfer of the Ballarat Supreme Court to the Ballarat School of Mines. 15 October 1924 and 20 May 1925 - Carvings of 24 panels decorated with Australian birds, animals and flora to form part of the decoratve scheme for the Villers Bretonneux school. 21 April 1926 - White Flat is available for the use of the school. 29 February 1928 - Donation of a linotype machine by The Courier. 27 June 1928 - Internal Sewerage to the Ballarat Technical Art Schoolballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, h.h. smith, returned soldier teachers, harold herbert, ponsonby carew-smyth, f.h. hoskin, carpentry workshop, donald i. johnston, herald shield, kenneth moss, hilda wardle, miss bell, margaret bell, millinery, j.y. mcdonald soldiers memorial, john rowell, repatriation building, stained glass classes, dressmaking fees, ballarat supreme court, m. baird, carvings, villers bretonneux school carvings, ethel kift, m.c. young, macrobertson scholarship, elvie ford, edwin robinson, annie hauser, robina mackie, e. quick, tennis court, w.e. gower, colin hunt, white flat, frank hall, effie holmes, mavis beacham, henry harvey, plaster casts, pearl frickie, w.r. dean, marjery henderson, sewerage, laura crouch, ballarat teachers' college, gertie gough, gwen nagle, lynda clark, jack walker, cyril gibbs, repatriation, donald johnston, ceramics, kiln, c. campbell, photography, jean maude, sylvia copperwaite, olga dulfer, may pollock, margaret bailey, stella clarkson, may norrie, nellie nicholls, nancy govan, edith curnow, kathleen windsor, betty johnson, edna pearson, elvie thege, gwen neagle, effie george, gwen tunbridge

8724.1 - Ornate wooden bookcase with six pigeon holes, a cabinet to store books, either side of the cabinet are four small rounded shelves, there are also cupboards below the pigeon holes and also two larger shelves either side of a metal decorative art piece. 8724.2 - Red leather bound book. 8724.3 - Green leather bound book. 8724.4 - Green leather bound book. 8724.5 - Green leather bound book. 8724.6 - Green leather bound book. 8724.7 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXIII 8724.8 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXII 8724.9 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXIV MAPS 8724.10 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXV INDEX 8724.11 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL I 8724.12 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL II 8724.13 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL III 8724.14 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL IV 8724.15 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL V 8725.16 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL VI 8725.17 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL VII 8724.18 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL VIII 8724.19 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL IX 8724.20 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL X 8724.21 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XI 8724.22 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XII 8724.23 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XIII 8724.24 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XIV 8724.25 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XV 8724.26 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XVI 8724.27 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XVII 8724.28 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XVIII 8724.29 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XIX 8724.30 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XX 8724.31 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXI 8724.32 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXII 8724.33 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXIII 8724.34 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXIV 8724.35 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXV 8724.36 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXVI 8724.37 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXVII 8724.38 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXVIII 8724.39 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXIX 8724.40 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXX 8724.41 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXI8724.7 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXIII 8724.8 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXII 8724.9 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXIV MAPS 8724.10 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXV INDEX 8724.11 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL I 8724.12 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL II 8724.13 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL III 8724.14 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL IV 8724.15 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL V 8724.16 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL VI 8724.17 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL VII 8724.18 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL VIII 8724.19 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL IX 8724.20 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL X 8724.21 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XI 8724.22 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XII 8724.23 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XIII 8724.24 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XIV 8724.25 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XV 8724.26 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XVI 8724.27 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XVII 8724.28 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XVIII 8724.29 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XIX 8724.30 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XX 8724.31 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXI 8724.32 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXII 8724.33 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXIII 8724.34 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXIV 8724.35 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXV 8724.36 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXVI 8724.37 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXVII 8724.38 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXVIII 8724.39 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXIX 8724.40 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXX 8724.41 - Encyclopaedia Britannica VOL XXXI

Mudbrick cottage, heritage listed, Lillies on Brougham Street Peter Garner Mud Brick Studio Victorian Heritage Database Listed https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/55317 From Shire of Eltham Heritage Study (Bick 1992) Cultural Significance: Constructed by Peter Garner when he was just 16 years old, this studio exemplifies the highly creative structures erected in the Shire of Eltham during the I960s and 1970s and the social movement behind them, both of which Eltham is well known for. The Garner studio is one of the two finest small examples of these structures anywhere in the Municipality and is distinguished by the quality of its fittings, also all designed and made by Peter Garner. Sharing the common use of mud brick and second-hand materials, these structures reflect the physical involvement (and individual creativity) of their owners, often, as in Garner' s case, through building the building and making all of its fittings and artworks. The tree branch framed spiral stair and wrought metalwork are particularly fine. History: Arthur F. Munday who was associated with the Montsalvat Artists' Colony, subdivided a property bounded by Maria Street (now Main Road) and Brougham Street in 1964. The largest portion, three acres of land facing Brougham Street in Lot 2, was sold to Leslie and Lenore Garner. A sketch in Lodge Plan 65141 drawn at the time of the subdivision showed that the southern part of the land was subject to flooding. By 1967 a brick house with an iron roof and outbuildings had been constructed for the Garners and Peter Garner's separate studio followed in 1969. DESCRIPTION: Studio Style Eltham style. Design unique. Plan rectangular; living room occupies northern two thirds, with kitchen in remainder and bedroom on top of the kitchen. A store adjoins the kitchen. Single storey with attic bedroom; living room has a cathedral ceiling. Walls adobe (solid single skin mud brick), bluestone chimney. Roof gabled with eaves, corrugated iron clad. Features are the modest size, living room into which the front door opens directly, exposed mud brick walls internally, fireplace, most unusual spiral stair and small gallery off the bedroom, herringbone brick floor, log faced internal doorway that separates kitchen and living room, timber lined ceiling, exposed truss, the various second-hand windows and their placement and the outbuilding. Also the kitchen doorway, adzed table and benches, fireplace high relief metal panel and other art works are features and all were presumably made by Peter Garner, following the ethic of the time. The present owner has advised (4 May 2025) the spiral staircase was removed prior to their taking possession of the property.david taylor collection, eltham, 62 brougham street, peter garner adobe studio

Mudbrick cottage, heritage listed, Lillies on Brougham Street Peter Garner Mud Brick Studio Victorian Heritage Database Listed https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/55317 From Shire of Eltham Heritage Study (Bick 1992) Cultural Significance: Constructed by Peter Garner when he was just 16 years old, this studio exemplifies the highly creative structures erected in the Shire of Eltham during the I960s and 1970s and the social movement behind them, both of which Eltham is well known for. The Garner studio is one of the two finest small examples of these structures anywhere in the Municipality and is distinguished by the quality of its fittings, also all designed and made by Peter Garner. Sharing the common use of mud brick and second-hand materials, these structures reflect the physical involvement (and individual creativity) of their owners, often, as in Garner' s case, through building the building and making all of its fittings and artworks. The tree branch framed spiral stair and wrought metalwork are particularly fine. History: Arthur F. Munday who was associated with the Montsalvat Artists' Colony, subdivided a property bounded by Maria Street (now Main Road) and Brougham Street in 1964. The largest portion, three acres of land facing Brougham Street in Lot 2, was sold to Leslie and Lenore Garner. A sketch in Lodge Plan 65141 drawn at the time of the subdivision showed that the southern part of the land was subject to flooding. By 1967 a brick house with an iron roof and outbuildings had been constructed for the Garners and Peter Garner's separate studio followed in 1969. DESCRIPTION: Studio Style Eltham style. Design unique. Plan rectangular; living room occupies northern two thirds, with kitchen in remainder and bedroom on top of the kitchen. A store adjoins the kitchen. Single storey with attic bedroom; living room has a cathedral ceiling. Walls adobe (solid single skin mud brick), bluestone chimney. Roof gabled with eaves, corrugated iron clad. Features are the modest size, living room into which the front door opens directly, exposed mud brick walls internally, fireplace, most unusual spiral stair and small gallery off the bedroom, herringbone brick floor, log faced internal doorway that separates kitchen and living room, timber lined ceiling, exposed truss, the various second-hand windows and their placement and the outbuilding. Also the kitchen doorway, adzed table and benches, fireplace high relief metal panel and other art works are features and all were presumably made by Peter Garner, following the ethic of the time. The present owner has advised (4 May 2025) the spiral staircase was removed prior to their taking possession of the property.david taylor collection, eltham, 62 brougham street, peter garner adobe studio

The first school of Mines in Australia was established at Ballarat in 1870. At the time of its jubilee (1930) the following people were members of the School Council: W.H. Middleton (President), W.T. Humphreys (VP), J.S. Vickery (VP), F. Barrow, Col. W.K. Bolton, William Baragwanath, A.E. Cutter, J.N. Dunn, G. Fitches, W.H. Fleay, F. Herman. W.D. Hill, T. Hurley, K. Kean. J. Kelly, L. Lederman, Mayor of Ballarat, Mayour of Ballarat East, D. Maxwell, M. Martin, R. Maddern, D. Ronaldson, F. Saunders, R. Stephenson, A.O. Stubbs, R.E. Tunbridge. The School Staff in 1920 comprised: Herbert H. Smith, Walter Rowbotham, Reginald L. Cutter, M.C. Young, Hilda Wardle, M. Wiliamson, P.S. Richards, L.H. Archibald, J. Woods, Ken Moss, W. Kenneth, Mrs McIlvena. B. Robinson, S. Rowe, E. Hope-Jones, Miss Abrams, L.St.G.P. Austin, Alfred Mica Smith, J.R. Pound, Herbert R. Murphy, N.H. Junner, Maurice Copland, L.H. Archibald, E.J.A. McConnon, Newton King, D.m. Hull, T.R. Gordon, John M. Sutherland, T.K. Jebb, Dick Richards, C. Tonkin, A.W. Steane, J. Paterson, H.W. Malin, R.V. Maddison, S.M. Mayo, F.A. King, W.H. Steane, T.R. Gordon, T.A. Williams, H. Waldron, G. Black, E.J. McConnon, R.V. Duncan. R. Cutter, E.G. Vawdrey, Hilda WardleWhite stapled booklet - landscape format - 20pp + soft covers with blue writing. Includes an historical sketch of the Ballarat School of Mines. Contains images of the school from around 1920. The history outlined in the booklet follows: 'Ballarat has helped to influence the life and destinies of Australia in many ways, the recital of which would perhaps prove tedious to the citizens of less favoured localities! However, it can be said, without much fear of contradiction, that only less known thought Australia than its fame as a gold field is the reputation won for it by its school of Mines, ... Ballarat was still quite a new place when the School was founded, but a very propserous and popular place all the same, with a go-ahead lot of citizens brim full of the spirit of enterprise which seemsto animate mining populations generally. Money was plentiful, and they launched out into ventures, which later, were to develop and take the place of the gold mines, while what is more to the point, they understood the value of education. the old digging days were passing away. So far as Ballarat itself was concerned the day of the cradle and tin dish had already passed into an antiquity "as dead and distant as the age of the Tubal Caon," said dir redmond Barry on declaring the School open. Mining had become a serious business, and the mining engineer, the metallurgist, and the geologist had become a power in the land. In these circumstances the suggestions to found a School of Mines met with ready acceptance. The late Mr James M. Bickett had the honor of bringing forward the proposition at a meeting of the Ballarat Mining Board in October, 1869. it was agreed to, and the Government, having been approached for assistance, granted a lease of the old Supreme Court buildings at a nominal reantal. A modest sum, including 100 pounds from the Borough Council of Ballarat West, was subscribed by a number of sympathisers, and on the 26th October, 1870, the inaugural address was delivered by Sir Redmond Barry, the first President of the School. Classes were commenced on the 23rd January, 1871. The students at first were mostly adults. They were chiefly men emloyed at the mines, who had the wisdom and energy to devote their spare time to study, and, though their attendance was somewhat irregular, they made very good progress. Old prints which have been preserved show them at work at furnaces, big bearded men of the old-fashioned type of miner. It is interesting to note that among those who gave evidence and encouragement was Sir Roderick Murchison, who many years before had advised Cornish miners to emigrate to Australia to search for gold, and who in 1848 was in possession of gold ore sent from this country. Sir Roderick sent a parcel of books for the library, and gave useful advice as to the curriculum which should be adopted. The Museum, which now contains a most valuable collection of minerals, was one of the first things attended to, and the reports presented to the Council from time to time speak of additions being made from all parts of the world. New equipment was constantly being added to the School, a good deal of assay work was done, and some specimens were sent from the East Indies for examination as far back as 1873. By this time there was a difficulty in providing accomodation for the students who wished to enrol, and the number of instructors had grown from two to four. In 1882 the first building was being erected on what was then part of the gaol reserve. A little more than ten years afterwards a buildnig formerly serving as a Methodist Church was absorbed, while later on, the demand for accomodation increasing, the attack upon the gaol was renewed. The School continued to grow in reputation and size, and became the science centre of the district, and in 1889 a learge new building was opened by Sir Alexander Peacock. Students came from over seas as well as from all the States of Australia, and after going through their courses they took with them the name and fame of the old School to all parts of the globe. School of Mines boys have played a great part in developing the mining fields of Western Australia, South Australia, and africa, while old students who have made a name in their profession are constantly dropping in to see how the old place is getting along. It was not to be expected, however, that the Ballarat School would be left without rivals, its very success inspiring competition. Mining Schools were started in other parts of Australia, and, at the same time, Victoria ceased to hold first place as a mining state. On the other hand there was a great advance in manufacturing, and the demand for technicaly trained men became a great and as insistent as ever it had been for trained mining men. The Council was quick to adapt the school to the new conditions, and the result is seen in the institution, which is one of Ballarat's proudest possession. Instruction is given in all branches of technical work, and the classes are filled with students who are building up for Ballarat a reputation as an industrial centre, which promises to equal that which it formerly held as a mining town. Owing to its bracing climate, its abundant opportunities for recreations, and its accessibilty, Ballarat as a city is an ideal place for educational purposed, and is yearly becoming more and more appreciated throughout the State. The chairman of one of Ballarat's biggests industries claims that the workman can do twice the day's work here that he can do in Melbourne. he was a little enthusiastic over it, perhaps, but it is a well-known fact that the healthy and invigourating Ballarat climate is conducive to both physical and mental activity, and the records of the School provide ample proof of it. One of the most interesting and successful branches of the School of Mines and Industries - if the name be enlarged with the enlargement of its scope - is the Technical Art School. "The City of Statues" has from its earliest days been a stronghold of art. Art schools have flourised here, and in 1905 the Education Department came to the conclusion that the best thing to do with them was to place them under the management of the School of Mines Council. A magnificent new Technical Art School was built at a cost of some 12,000 pounds on the site of the old Supreme Court building, and was formally opened on the 23rd July, 1915. The results have not only been justified but surpassed all anticipations. The most comprehensive list of subjects is taught, and this list is constantly added to. Students have flocked to the art School, which may be said to occupy a unique position in Australia, and its record of success is really astonishing. Its students supply art teachers for the newer schools that are being built, and many occupy leading positinos in important business houses. So well is its reputation known that orders are constantly being received, not only from Victoria, but from other States, for honor boards and challenge shields to be designed and made. The most recent addition to the School of Mines and Industries is the Junior Technical School, for which a new building is now being erected on a portion of the gaol site, transferred to the School of Mines Counci by the Government. At the present moment temporary quarters are being occupied. Some students after passing through the Junior School go straight to employment, continuing perhaps to attend the evening trade classes, while others move on to the senior School. In a review of the work of the School of Mines mention must be made of a series of industrial research carried out under supervision of the Principal. One in particular, regarding the suitability of the local ores for the manufacture of pigments attracted much attention, while the experiemtns on the manufacture of white potery from Victorian clayes were considered of sufficient importance by the Federal Advisory Council of Science and Industry to warrant the appointment of a special investigator. The results of these have been most encouraging, and may have far-reaching consequences. The vocational training of returned soldiers also should not be overlooked. The work was taken in hand from the first, before the Repatriation Department gave assistance, and now with the help of the department of the School has become one of the largest vocational training centres in Victoria outside of Melbourne. The soldiers, trained in a variety of occupations, have made remarkable progress, and already considerable numbers have found employment in local workshops and factories. To sum up, the School is divided into the following departments, each well staffed and equipped: - The School of Mines, science, and Engineering; the Techncial Art School, the Boys' Junior Technical School, the Girl's Preparatory Technical Classes, Trade Classes, and the Commercial School. The school of Mines, science and Engineering, comprises the following branches: - Mining, Metallurgy, Geology, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, and Pharmacy. Battery treatments, Cyanide Testing, Smelting, Assays, and Clay Testing from a regular part of the School's work. Students gaining qualifications obtain concession in their courses at the university, should they proceed there to continue their studies. The technical Art school curriculum includes training in all branches of pictorial and applied art, an Architectural Diploma Course, a Draughtman's Course, technical Art teachers' Course, Photography,Ticket Writing, Art Metal Work, Woodcarving, Needlework, and Leather work. The Trade Classes give instruction in Telephone Mechanics, telegraphy, Carpentry, Cabinet Making, Plumbing, Blacksmithing, Fitting, Electric Wiring, and Printing. Numerous Scholarships are offered every year, and altogether students will find few places to equal the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries as a training place for their life's work. One of the first in the continent to be established, its Jubilee finds it still in the front rank, keeping pace with the times, and offering to the youths of this country the means of taking advantage of Australia's teeming opportunities. william, battery, smith, herbert, drawing from the antique, ballarat school of mines botanical gardens, ballarat school of mines, redmond barry, alfred mica smith, james bickett, museum, dick richards, ballarat junior technical school, s m b, ballarat school of mines and industries, ballarat technical art school, model mine, james m bickett, j m bickett, roderick murchison, vocational training rooms, wesley church, methodist church, alexander peacock, lathes, repatriation, repatriatin department, war service, school council, baragwanath, gold mining, mining laboratory, plaster cast, r.w. richards, anniversary, jubilee

The word ashtray came into use around the 1920 and is a receptacle for ash from cigarettes and cigars and are typically made of fire retardant material such as glass, heat resistant plastic, pottery, metal, or stone. The most common ashtray design is a shallow cylinder with a flat base, designed to rest on a table. Other ashtrays, particularly in public places, are either wall or floor mounted. While simple, utilitarian forms of ashtrays existed long before the 19th century, it was during the start of the 20th century that the design, aesthetics and their popularity took off. As more women began to smoke. in the early 1900s, the ashtray went closer to being an art form as many women avoided the use of the traditional ashtray as it failed to reflect their feminine values, regarded as an item rather basic in design the general societal through of the time was that smoking was an activity exclusive to men. What emerged were detailed, often very fancy ashtrays acceptable to women depicting either pastoral scenes or vibrantly coloured landscapes. As time went on, and the onset of women smoking both cigars and cigarettes became less of a departure from the average person, ashtrays saw a decline in design and aesthetics beginning more of a shift towards practicality. The subject item is a primitive form of ashtray used in public spaces any time from the 1920-1960s and is not associated with an historic person or event. However the item could have come from the Warrnambool Town Hall given the inscription on the base of the item.Ash tray-large rectangular floor model with cement sheet lining. Made from a wooden box covered with textured metal on the outsideThe metal has a relief design embossed at the top back "smokers" and "Town Hall" printed on bottom.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ash tray, town hall, cigarette tray, smoker's ash tray