non-fictionTime line of metrication in Australiametrication

Foresters usually measure the diameter of trees at Breast Height – traditionally 4 foot, 6 inches – now 1.3 m – which is termed Diameter Breast Height Over Bark (DBHOB). The most common way to measure tree diameter is to place a calibrated tape around the stem at breast height. It’s simple, but can be slow, particularly if the scrub is thick, or if there are heaps of trees. A tree caliper is another quick method of estimating DBHOB. Wooden tree measuring calipersMeasurements are in inches (pre metrication in 1974) A crown faint crown mark (331) and crows foot is visible on one end forest measurement

Metrication in Australia took place between 1970 and 1988. Before then, Australia mostly used the imperial system for measurement. This tea-towel is a handy reminder of conversions.This item was designed to assist people to understand the conversion and as a reference to make conversions from imperial to metric. It is in mint condition (never used)Linen tea-towel. Cream background with blue, red and black print.Conversion tables for metric stencilled on tea-towel.imperial measurement, metric measurement, metric conversion, tea-towels

Prior to metrication, a variety of 66 foot (1 chain) tapes were standard issue for measuring timber. This unit was made in about 1910 The woven tape is reinforced with metal strands to prevent stretching.circular stitched leather container housing 66 feet of fabric measuring tape with brass fittingsOn both sides of container: Chesterman Sheffield England On brass pop-out winder: 66FT On fabric tape: Chesterfield Sheffield England Metallic 57

Before metrication was introduced into Australia in the 1970s land was measured in chains and links. Many old parish plans show length measurements in chains and links. Area was shown in acres, roods and perches. Gunter's chain was used for measuring distance in surveying. It was designed and introduced in 1620 by English clergyman and mathematician Edmund Gunter (1581–1626). Gunter developed the measuring chain of 100 links. The chain and the link, became statutory measures in England and subsequently the British Empire. After metrication units of length were measured in meters and area in hectares. The chain was later superseded by steel ribbon tape.The 66-foot long (1 chain) Gunter's Chain was a fundamental instrument for land surveying. It is divided into 100 links (each 7.92 inches long) which are marked off into groups of 10 by brass tags with 'fingers' to indicate 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 links from the hand grips, thus simplifying intermediate measurements. Each end of the chain is fitted with a brass hand grip. It was heavy and sturdy enough to be dragged through the bush and over rough terrain on surveying transects. Giving rise to the common forestry term "chainman" for the person tasked with dragging it. 1 chain = 100 links = 22 yards = 66 feet = 792 inches = 4 rods, poles or perches. 10 chains = 1 furlong 80 chains = 1 mile 1 acre = 10 square chains = 4 roods = 160 square rods, poles or perches.forest measurement, surveying, forests commission victoria (fcv)

Stone mileposts dating from the 1870s are found on the Glenelg Highway. Stone and iron mileposts are now a rarity, and have remanining markers have become a tourist attaction in many smaller towns with remnant markers. The stone mileposts on the Glenelg Highway are listed on the Victorian Heritage Reigister as being significant to the State of Victoria. Their primary purpose is to inform the travelling public of distances and directions to various destinations. The stone milepost in the current City of Ballarat are located on the Glenelg Highway (between Ballarat and Scarsdale), Smythes Creek and Delacombe, and have been registered by Heritage Victoria, (HO155) Other stone mileposts are located In Golden Plains Shire at Smythesdale (Victorian Heritage Register H1701) Metrication in Australia caused former mile markers to be gradually replaced with 10 km markers on highways and country roads, which are referred to as "kilometre plates".Colour photograph of a stone mile post on between Ballarat, Scarsdale and Lintonmilepost, mile post, scarsdale, linton, ballarat, mile marker, stone milepost, milestone

Device to convert Imperial measurements of length, area, weight etc to the metric system. Decimal currency was spectacularly introduced in an overnight overthrow on 14 February 1966, but it took another 8 years before metrication finally arrived in the forest and timber industry. Eventually, the measurement of logs and sawn timber changed from imperial, and excruciating, measures such as super feet of sawn timber, billets and cunits (100 cubic feet) of stacked pulpwood and hoppus log volumes to simpler cubic metres. Measuring firewood was a particular nightmare. For example, there were standard chords, stove cords, kitchen cords, running cords, face cords, thrown chords, fencing cords, country cords, long cords, raummeter or steres (1m x 1m x 1m). A standard cord of firewood had a volume of 128 cubic feet, measured as a pile 8 feet long, 4 feet high and 4 feet wide (3.624 m3). And how about this for confusing…. in Victoria, an imperial or long ton (by measure) of green firewood was a stack 5 feet long billets (2 axelengths at 2′ 6″ each), one axelength high (2′ 6″) and two axelengths long (5 feet) equalling 62.5 cubic feet. For added befuddlement, there were three different sorts of tons: Imperial tons or long tons, American short tons and metric tonnes (spelled with two n’s). Not forgetting that a cubic imperial ton of firewood (40 cubic feet) which equalled 1.133 cubic metre. The metrication process began in 1974 and was completed by 1976 but the transition was not without its challenges along the supply chain for foresters, overseers, logging contractors, sawmillers, hardware stores and builders alike. Timber lengths changed from feet to metres but were still sold in multiples of one foot or 0.3 m (1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7 etc) whereas a menacing lump of 4-Bee-2 transformed into a rather less colourful 100mm by 50mm. Measurement and calculations of area also became so much easier in hectares rather than complicated acres, roods and perches. The Forest Metriverter slide-rule was issued by the Forestry and Timber Bureau to make metric conversions easier.Forest MetriverterRoss Pennyforest measurement, surveying, forests commission victoria (fcv)

Notice of Ordinary Meeting of the Council of the City of Sunshine to be held on 27th July 1977 Report of the Town Clerk's Department Report of the Town Clerk Building Highpoint West Agreement with Development Underwriting (Vic) Pty Ltd about Accommodation for Library, Infant Welfare and Child Care Services Infant Welfare Services Proposed Errington Reserve Committee of Management Financial Reports Rates, Sanitary and Interest Abandonments for 1976/1977 Melbourne Tourist Authority Reservation of Land for Facilities and Services for the Elderly Pound Keeper and Fees Valuations Site for Kindergarten for Physically Handicapped Children Rogers Reserve fronting Sonley Street and Babb Street Maidstone Australian - Britain Society Contribution Ambulance Service Melbourne Abandonment of Footpath Account Lot 94 Delmont Street Storage of Wastepaper at Sunshine Tip Site Hulett Street by Smorgan Consolidated Industries Interest on Rates Policy Rates Deferred Westerngate North Estate Report of the Co-Ordinator of Welfare Services Youth Outreach Project Closure of Access Radio Station 3ZZ Report of the Senior Health Inspector School Canteens Health Act Registrations Report of the By-Laws Officer Street Stall Rear of G. J. Coles in Clarke Street Victorian Railways and Community Services Programme Report of the City Engineer Land Use Permit and Land Use Permit Application Display Homes Centre Camelot Drive and Trafalgar Street Land Use Permit Application Subdivision Furlong Road Land Use Permit Application Sign 592 Ballarat Road Deer Park Land Use Permit Application Sales of Secondhand Motor Vehicles, Mechanical Work and Motor Vehicle Storage Lots 48 & 48 Cranwell Street and Lots 35 & 36 Gilbert Street Land Use Permit Application Subdivision Neale Road Land Use Permit Application Sky Sign 310 Ballarat Road Braybrook Land Use Permit Application Extension to Flats Lot 50 Oldfield Street Land Use Permit Application Extension to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church 90 Monash Street Land Use Permit Application Factory Lot 43 Somers Street South West Corner of Grainger Street Sunshine North Plan of Subdivision Corner Rear of 17 Simmie Street and 1 St. Andrews Street Plan of Strata Subdivision 26 Ravenscourt Road Plan of Subdivision Hook Street and Vule Street Plan of Subdivision Rita Street Plan of Subdivision Geelong Road and Francis Street Brooklyn Continuance of Consultant Services National Safety Council of Australia Construction of Western Avenue Reconstruction of Ashley Street Savlage Deport of Wastepaper and Bottles at Garbage Tip Sunshine Tip Smorgan Consolidated Industries and Manufacturers Bottle Company of Victoria Pty Ltd Allocation of Funds 77/78 Joint Works Main and Unlcassified Road Proposed Land Acquisition Boundary Road and Fitzgerald Road Intersection Items for Consideration at 77/78 Estimates Metrication of City Plans & Conversion to Metric Scale of Detailed City Plans Harrison Street and Miles Street Private Street Scheme Report of Building Surveyor Fencing 83 Hall Street Sunshine West Australian Institiute of Steel Construction Seminar Installation of Underground Tanks Readymix 550 Geelong Road Brooklyn Installation of Underground Tanks Australian Cargo Enterprises Lot 2 Kalingra Road Installation of Underground Tank Esso Service Station Lots 39, 40 & 41 Ballarat Road Corner Northumberland Road Dangerous Building 5 Wattle Road Maidstone Loading Space Lot 80 Porter Road Deer Park Sewer Willis Street Pre-School Centre Tenders Willis Street Pre-School Centre Construction Major Repairs Central Library and Infant Welfare Centre W.C. Facilities Hampshire Road city of sunshine, alexander "alex" george gillon, highpoint west shopping centre, rosamond road, maribyrnong, rogers reserve, sonley street, babb street, maidstone, delmont street, albion, sunshine tip, smorgan consolidated industries, radio station 3zz, camelot drive, trafalgar street, st. albans, furlong road, ballarat road, deer park, cranwell street, gilbert street, braybrook, neale road, oldfield street, sunshine west, our lady of the immaculate conception church, monash street, sunshine, somers street, grainger street, sunshine north, simmie street, st. andrews street, ravenscourt road, tottenham, vule street, rita street, geelong road, francis street, brooklyn, western avenue, ashley street, boundary road, fitzgerald road, harrison street, miles street, hall street, kalingra road, northumberland road, wattle road, porter road, willis street pre-school centre, willis street, errington reserve committee of management, main road east, clarke street, coles, hulett street

Minutes of the Ordinary Meeting of Council held on 27th July 1977 Report of the Town Clerk's Department Report of the Town Clerk Building Highpoint West Agreement with Development Underwriting (Vic) Pty Ltd about Accommodation for Library, Infant Welfare and Child Care Services Infant Welfare Services Proposed Errington Reserve Committee of Management Financial Reports Rates, Sanitary and Interest Abandonments for 1976/1977 Melbourne Tourist Authority Reservation of Land for Facilities and Services for the Elderly Pound Keeper and Fees Valuations Site for Kindergarten for Physically Handicapped Children Rogers Reserve fronting Sonley Street and Babb Street Maidstone Australian - Britain Society Contribution Ambulance Service Melbourne Abandonment of Footpath Account Lot 94 Delmont Street Storage of Wastepaper at Sunshine Tip Site Hulett Street by Smorgan Consolidated Industries Interest on Rates Policy Rates Deferred Westerngate North Estate Report of the Co-Ordinator of Welfare Services Youth Outreach Project Closure of Access Radio Station 3ZZ Report of the Senior Health Inspector School Canteens Health Act Registrations Report of the By-Laws Officer Street Stall Rear of G. J. Coles in Clarke Street Victorian Railways and Community Services Programme Report of the City Engineer Land Use Permit and Land Use Permit Application Display Homes Centre Camelot Drive and Trafalgar Street Land Use Permit Application Subdivision Furlong Road Land Use Permit Application Sign 592 Ballarat Road Deer Park Land Use Permit Application Sales of Secondhand Motor Vehicles, Mechanical Work and Motor Vehicle Storage Lots 48 & 48 Cranwell Street and Lots 35 & 36 Gilbert Street Land Use Permit Application Subdivision Neale Road Land Use Permit Application Sky Sign 310 Ballarat Road Braybrook Land Use Permit Application Extension to Flats Lot 50 Oldfield Street Land Use Permit Application Extension to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church 90 Monash Street Land Use Permit Application Factory Lot 43 Somers Street South West Corner of Grainger Street Sunshine North Plan of Subdivision Corner Rear of 17 Simmie Street and 1 St. Andrews Street Plan of Strata Subdivision 26 Ravenscourt Road Plan of Subdivision Hook Street and Vule Street Plan of Subdivision Rita Street Plan of Subdivision Geelong Road and Francis Street Brooklyn Continuance of Consultant Services National Safety Council of Australia Construction of Western Avenue Reconstruction of Ashley Street Savlage Deport of Wastepaper and Bottles at Garbage Tip Sunshine Tip Smorgan Consolidated Industries and Manufacturers Bottle Company of Victoria Pty Ltd Allocation of Funds 77/78 Joint Works Main and Unlcassified Road Proposed Land Acquisition Boundary Road and Fitzgerald Road Intersection Items for Consideration at 77/78 Estimates Metrication of City Plans & Conversion to Metric Scale of Detailed City Plans Harrison Street and Miles Street Private Street Scheme Report of Building Surveyor Fencing 83 Hall Street Sunshine West Australian Institiute of Steel Construction Seminar Installation of Underground Tanks Readymix 550 Geelong Road Brooklyn Installation of Underground Tanks Australian Cargo Enterprises Lot 2 Kalingra Road Installation of Underground Tank Esso Service Station Lots 39, 40 & 41 Ballarat Road Corner Northumberland Road Dangerous Building 5 Wattle Road Maidstone Loading Space Lot 80 Porter Road Deer Park Sewer Willis Street Pre-School Centre Tenders Willis Street Pre-School Centre Construction Major Repairs Central Library and Infant Welfare Centre W.C. Facilities Hampshire Road Orders of the Day Accounts Submitted for Payment as at 15th July 1977 Extraordinary Business Sealing of Fairbairn Road Quotation city of sunshine, alexander "alex" george gillon, highpoint west shopping centre, rosamond road, maribyrnong, errington reserve committee of management, errington reserve, main road east, st. albans, rogers reserve, sonley street, babb street, maidstone, delmont street, albion, sunshine tip, hulett street, smorgan consolidated industries, radio station 3zz, clarke street, sunshine, coles, camelot drive, trafalgar street, furlong road, ballarat road, cranwell street, gilbert stree, braybrook, neale road, oldfield street, sunshine west, our lady of the immaculate conception church, monash street, somers street, sunshine north, grainger street, simmie street, st. andrews street, ravenscourt road, tottenham, hook street, vule street, rita street, geelong road, francis street, brooklyn, western avenue, ashley street, boundary road, fitzgerald road, harrison street, miles street, deer park, hall street, kalingra road, northumberland road, wattle road, porter road, willis street pre-school centre, willis street