Black and white photograph of a large Monterey Cypress. Orchard in the foreground."Monterey cypress Mid-Sept 1947 E M Gibson." "Large limb lost nearest to camera a few days after this photo was taken." T H Kneen 581 12/5e. m. gibson collection, monterey cypress, orchard

Black and white photograph. Uprooted Monterey Cypress with the Principal's Residence in the background.."6/9/48?" T H Kneen 924 23tree removal, e. m. gibson collection, monterey cypress, principal's residence

Black and white photograph. Root ball of Monterey Cypress. POrincipal's Residence in the background. "6/9/48?" T H Kneen. 924 23tree removal, e. m. gibson collection, monterey cypress, principal's residence

Black and white photograph. Removing Monterey Cypress. The tree has fallen down and has uprooted. One man working and two men watching."6/9/48?" T H Kneen 924 24tree removal, e. m. gibson collection, monterey cypress

Written on back of photograph, "24/8/81. Looking south from Monterey Place, North Ringwood over where is soon to be subdivided - towards Jull Road and Oban Road (seen in distance)".

Foolscap manilla folder containing double-sided flyer advertising residential subdivision development, including outline of local facilities and services, with locality map and layout of Monterey Park streets. Subdivision includes Parkwood High School, Tortice Drive, Heape Way, Appleberry Place, Stringybark Court, Conifer Court, Crawley Grove, Monterey Close (later Monterey Place), Lucy Place, Middlebrook Drive, Gahnia Close, Glanfield Court, Cone Close, Jull Parade, Pinus Close (later Pinetree Court), Radiata Close, Old Warrandyte Road, and entry from Warrandyte Road. Vendor - Jennings Industries Limited, 690 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, 3170, Phone 5618000. A4 enclosures with tables showing each allotment List Price, Builders Price, Cash Price and Terms Price. Information page headed "Form of Restrictive Covenant to be incorporated in Transfer" specific to Certificates of Title. Restrictive Covenant (summary): (Name/s) "... will not erect or construct or cause to be erected or constructed on the land hereby transferred (a) Any front boundary fence, other than a fence which does not exceed one metre in height unless the same is set back as least 1.5 metres from the front boundary and the same is effectively screened from that boundary by the planting of trees, shrubs or plants. (b) Any side boundary fence other than a fence which is set back at least 1.5 metres from the front boundary on which does not exceed 1 metre in height within 1.5 metres of the front boundary. (c) For a period of 5 years from the date hereof, any building on the said land unless and until the Plans and Specifications thereof have first been approved by the said Residential Developments Pty. Limited. (d) For a period of 2 years from the date hereof whilst the said land remains vacant any Signboard or Notice advertising the sale of the said lot or any other lot. These covenants shall appear on the Certificate of Title to issue for the said land and run with the land."

Photo of the P&O liner Monterey approaching Station Pier on its maiden voyage, with several people waiting by lamppost on the pier. 1932Details pencilled on backmelbourne harbor trust - port of melbourne authority, piers and wharves - station pier, transport - shipping, engineering - bridges, monterey

Note by T.H. Kneen, "View from the Principal's Residence to the SE corner of the Gardens. Prominent tree is Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) one of the earliest trees planted, no longer existant. Removed 1984.Black and white photograph. Garden view from Principal's Residence to the SE corner of the Gardens (T. H. Kneen). Prominent tree is Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) one of the earliest trees planted, no longer existant. Labels on plants in the foreground.principal's residence, gardens, cupressus macrocarpa, monterey cypress, garden view

Produced by PMH&PS as a promotional/fundraising item. 600 printed.1999 calendar produced by PMH&PS, printed black on white; cover photo the 'Monterey' approaching Station Pier 1932. Produced with blank protective cover.societies clubs unions and other organisations, built environment, piers and wharves - station pier, centenary bridge, transport - shipping, transport - railways, port melbourne town hall, missions to seamen, garden city, industry, arts and entertainment - film/cinema, celebrations fetes and exhibitions, religion - anglican (holy trinity), transport - tramways, pat grainger, monterey, ps weeroona, r graham carey, faram brothers hardware, george faram, thomas faram, richard faram, herbert faram, wilbraham frederick evelyn liardet, wfe liardet, port melbourne historical & preservation society, pmhps

Black And White Photograph of the SS Monterey, In Sydney Cove 14Th August 1934. 140 mm x 85 mm Sh 192 Ships M - Rflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ss monterey, photograph

Ship Plans In 2 boxes labelled "Harbour Trust" .01 Flotta Lauro .02 Sea Princess .03 Shaw Saville - Ocean Monarch- MV Akaroa - Mv Arawa - MV Aranda .04 Chandris - Britanis - Queen Frederica .05 Sitmar - TV Fairsky - SS Fairsea - SS Fairwind - Fairstar .06 SS United States - Marco Polo - Monterey- Mariposamelbourne harbor trust - port of melbourne authority, flotta lauro, sea princess, ocean monarch, shaw savill, p & o, lauro line, britanis, chandris lines, sitmar, fairstar, fairsky, fairwind, marco polo, monterey, mariposa, ss united states, united states line, royal interocan lines, mv tswingi, mv akorda, mv arawa, mv aranda, queen frederica, fairsea, transport - shipping

Monterey Cypress Trees have been removed from along Diamond Street, Eltham at the site of the Eltham Retirement Centre (formerly known as Judge Book Village). In 2021, Judge Book is known as St Vincent's Care Services Eltham. judge book memorial village, aged care, melbourne city mission, seniors, nursing home, aged care facility, judgebook, monterey cypress trees, tree removal, robert weller, ken patterson

Bi-fold advertisement for sale of residential allotments, including photographs, map, and summary of subdivision features and local facilities. Undated handwritten notation reads "streets don't exist today".Subdivision layout includes Mullum Mullum Road, Rangeview Avenue, Press Avenue, and Mountview Avenue. Local Agent - J.B. McAlpin, Opposite Railway Station, Ringwood, Phone Ringwood 7. Vendor - T.J. Press, Builder, "Monterey", Second Avenue, Kew, Telephone Haw. 3428.

While a number of subdivisions of what was to become Kew East occurred in the 1880s, such as the 'Mount Pleasant Estate' (1888) and 'Monterey Estate' (1888), Glynn's Lot 91 remained open farmland until the Harp Estate (1912) was sold, hence the undeveloped nature of the view in 1907-8.A rare image of the open farmland in the eastern part of Kew looking towards Burke Road in 1907-8.Damaged, and very rare, black & white photograph of what was to become the suburb of East Kew, taken by a member of the Bennett family in 1907-8. The photograph is taken from the Harp of Erin Hotel showing, apart from a building on the left (no longer extant), fenced open farmland stretching into the far distance.HIGH ST LOOKING NOTRTH TO BURKE RD FROM HARP / EDWD GLYNN'S LOT 91 FROM 1851 / GIFT FROM BENNETT FAMILY 22 HARP RD EAST KEW 1980 / 1907-8harp of erin, high street -- east kew (vic), harp estate

A Wilson Monterey tennis racquet. Wilson logo and model name, feature across base of head and throat, surrounded by decorative swirl devices. 'W' trademark features on lower shaft and butt cap. Leather handle grip features patterned perforations. Materials: Wood, Nylon, Leather, Adhesive tape, Ribbon, Plastic, Glue, Lacquer, Metal, Ink, Stringtennis

A Wilson Stan Smith Monterey tennis racquet. Base of head features Wilson logo. Throat and shaft feature model name and gold and white shield device with 'S' at centre. Lower shaft and butt cap feature 'W' trademark. Leather handle grip features quatrefoil perforations. Butt cap has metallic plate adhered to it, engraved with the name 'JOE'. Materials: Wood, Nylon, Leather, Glue, Metal, Lacquer, Paint, Adhesive tape, Ribbon, Plastictennis

SS Mariposa was a luxury ocean liner launched in 1931, one of four ships in the Matson Lines "White Fleet", which included SS Monterey, SS Malolo, and SS Lurline. She was later renamed SS Homeric. Mariposa was designed for service in the Pacific Ocean, including regular stops in ports along the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia. On the 12th January 1942 the Mariposa left San Francisco in the "Australian — Suva" convoy escorted by two destroyers and the light cruiser and with two other troopships (destined for Suva). This was the first large convoy to Australia after Pearl Harbor with Mariposa transporting Army personnel, ammunition and fifty P-40 fighters intended for the Philippines and Java.Mrs B SmythAn oil painting of the SS Mariposa in an ornate gold frame. Mariposamigrant ships, ss mariposa, wwii

Built in 1891 for Head Teacher John Brown. His predecessor and the school's first Head Teacher, John Clark, lived in his own house 'Shoestring' in Metery Road, adjacent to the school. At the time of this photograph, the building was being used for before and after school care. Its present-day (2023) use is for school administration offices. Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p49 The former head teacher’s residence on 690 Main Road, was built in 1891 for the head teacher, John Brown. His predecessor David Clark lived in his own house known as Shoestring at Metery Road, possibly built in the late 1850s. With the school, Wingrove and Jarrold Cottages, it makes up the original Eltham township south of Dalton Street’s only group of 19th century buildings. The two Monterey Pines were popular vegetation in the late 19th and early 20th centuriesThis collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, dalton street, eltham, eltham primary school, headmaster's residence, main road, state school no. 209

Sepia photograph of Joyce McMahon and 'Tiny' Carroll at the War Memorial Tower, Kangaroo Ground c.1934. The guns were installed in 1934 and removed in 1942. Taken in the early 1930s, the photograph ... shows the Kangaroo Ground Tower of Remembance with Joyce McMahon, daughter-in-law of Mr. P. J.McMahon, the then Shire of Eltham Secretary, her horse and a very tall person patting the horse. He is ex-serviceman W. "Tiny" Caroll who was the council's caretaker of the surrounding War Memorial Park. He lived in the stone cottage which still stands in the park. "Tiny" is seen as the fictional character "Tiny Bourke" who, in author Alan Marshall's book "This is the Grass", "was a giant of a man, well over six feet high, with huge hands that completely encircled the cup of tea". The bronze casting, which shows the 79 names of those who paid the "supremen sacrifice" in World War 1 (1914-1918), was erecfed above the entrance to the Tower in September, 1930. The Monterey cypress trees which now form the windbreak around the park's fenceline, were just knee high in this photograph. They were planted in August 1926, with all the plantings paid for, and done, by the public as the Tower was being erected. The two field guns have been identified as of German origin, Krupp 77 mm calibre captured on October 4, 1918 at Geneve, France. They were removed in 1943/44 as a wartime requirement of the Australian Govenment. A public notice dated October 16, 1926 by Cr. H Rutter, Chairman of the Eltham Soldiers War Memorial League stated: "On the summit of that central and conspicuous landmark, Garden Hill, there is being erected a massive memorial tower which will, for all time, remind every passerby of the part played by the men of the Shire of Eltham in the Great War. The work has been undertaken by the people of the Shire a a tribute of love and admiration for those who were known and dear to use in the days of their youth and early manhood, who went out from amongst us, never to return, and whose self-sacrifice has made us, each and all, thier ever-lasting debtors" Harry Gilham, Eltham District Historical Society Kangaroo Ground Tower of Remembrance, A Journey in Time: a column about Nillumbik's history, Nillumbik Mail, 9th August, 2000 Since that research the following has been sourced from Eltham and Whittlesea Shires Advertiser and Diamond Creek Valley Advocate, April 8, 1921, p. 3 Retrieved April 25, 2020, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57639687 Eltham Shire Council From Town Clerk, Melbourne, stating that a light machine-gun captured by the 22nd battalion, A.I.F. at La Motte Farm, near Beaurvoir, on Oct. 3rd, 1918, during the operations which won the Beauvoir line and completed the smashing of the great Hindenburg defence-system, has been alloted to the Shire of Eltham. - On the motion of Crs Hubbard and Smedley, it was decided to have the gun placed in the Memorial Park. Sepia Photographgarden hill, gun, joyce mcmahon, kangaroo ground, memorial tower, shire of eltham war memorial tower, tiny carroll, war memorials, war trophy, william carroll

Opened in 1891, the bridge formed part of the Maroondah Aqueduct carrying water from Watts River near Healesville to the reservoir at Preston where it joined Melbourne's metropolitan water system. Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p99 Built to supply thirsty Melbourne in the late 19th century, the siphon bridge spanning the Plenty River off Leischa Court, Greensborough, was part of an engineering masterpiece. Opened in 1891, the bridge formed part of the Maroondah Aqueduct carrying water from the Watts River near Healesville to the reservoir at Preston where it joined the metropolitan distribution system. A major link in Melbourne’s water supply, it also had a huge impact on communities, which mushroomed along its route. Named after the Aboriginal word for the area around the Maroondah Reservoir, the Maroondah Aqueduct was fully operational until the 1970s. Since the 1980s the land along parts of the aqueduct have been used for walking and bicycle riding, shaded in places by Monterey Pine trees planted to stabilise the surrounding ground. From 1857 the Yan Yean Reservoir supplied Melbourne’s water but the growing city needed additional catchments.1 In 1886 work began on a weir on the Watts River to enable the aqueduct to carry most of the river water 41 miles (66km) to Melbourne. The aqueduct, built by the Board of Works, is the oldest remaining aqueduct near Melbourne and was probably the first built with concrete.2 Although the aqueduct is now only used between the Maroondah and Sugarloaf Reservoirs, it can still be traced across the Shire. It extends from the Maroondah Reservoir through Christmas Hills, Kangaroo Ground, Research, Eltham, St Helena and then previously wound west through Greensborough to Reservoir.3 Built by horse and manpower the aqueduct gravity fed 25 million gallons (113.6ML) of water a day to Melbourne along a gradient of one foot to the mile. It included 25 miles (41km) of open concrete and brick channel, six miles (10km) of tunnels, and nine miles (15km) of 14 inverted siphons of riveted wrought-iron across creeks. Bricks for the aqueduct were made from clay found near the sites and remains of several kilns can still be found between Kangaroo Ground and Christmas Hills. Building the aqueduct transformed local communities. An abattoir was established at Christmas Hills. Grog shanties and labourers’ camps sprang up and local courts dealt with cases of ‘petty pilfering and boisterous behaviour’.4 The Kangaroo Ground school population jumped to 91, crammed into a room with one teacher. Miners who built the tunnels camped just north of Churinga in Greensborough – then called Tunnel Hill Camp – and adjacent to the Evelyn Arms Hotel. The miners’ high spirits were sometimes quenched in horse troughs or by a ‘welt under the ear and kick on the behind’ as the local constable calmed them down rather than lock them up.5 But the growing city of Melbourne needed more water, so the O’Shannassy catchment, east of Warburton, was added to the system in 1914. In 1920 work began on the present concrete Maroondah Dam one mile (1.6km) from the weir on the Watts River. The aqueduct capacity was thus doubled to 50 million gallons (227ML) a day.6 Intense land development threatened to pollute the open water supply, so channel sections were replaced with large pipes. In the late 1960s a large water main was built from the tunnel outlet at Research and extended through St Helena and Greensborough, so this section of the aqueduct was taken out of use. Long sections of the unused open channels in Greensborough and Bundoora were destroyed, but the old channel in Research and Eltham North remained largely intact. In the 1970s, the Sugarloaf Reservoir was constructed, inundating 445 hectares of land in Christmas Hills. Sugarloaf was officially opened in 1980 and serves as a water storage and treatment plant supplying Melbourne. In the early 1980s pipes replaced the section from Sugarloaf Reservoir to the tunnel entrance at Kangaroo Ground. The Research-Kangaroo Ground tunnel operates as part of the pipeline system.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, maroondah aqueduct, pipe bridge, siphon bridge

Hard cover book. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Author: Anita Loos Publisher: Brentanos Ltd Illustrator: Ralph Barton Date: 1926 Further Information: Plain blue Cloth hardcover with lettering and patterning to spine in black. The spine has a Library label with an inscription. fictionGentlemen Prefer Blondes is the Illuminating Diary of a Professional Lady that follows Lorelei Lee, a self-absorbed, gold-digging blonde flapper from Arkansas, as she journals her romantic and financial conquests travelling from New York to Europe (Paris, London) with her more sensible friend Dorothy, collecting rich admirers, diamonds and comic misadventures along the way. It was published the same year as F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Carl Van Vechten's Firecrackers, and is considered one of several notable 1925 American novels focused on the carefree hedonism of the Jazz Age. The London/Brentano's edition you're describing (1926) came out shortly after the original 1925 American edition, illustrated throughout in Art Deco style by caricaturist Ralph Barton.shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, warrnambool, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, gentlemen prefer blondes, anita loos

The Nillumbik Cemetery is of historical, architectural, aesthetic and social significance at a Regional level (North-east Melbourne). The memorial arch is of State significance. Nillumbik Cemetery, which was established in 1867, is of historical and social significance for its association with the early history of Diamond Creek and as a record of the pioneering families of the district. Significant graves include those of the famous writer Alan Marshall, author of 'I Can Jump Puddles', footballer Gordon Coventry, and William Ellis, notable early settler and benefactor. The 1897 Tudor/Gothic revival memorial arch, bequeathed by William Ellis, is a rare design in ornamental gateways and is relatively large for the size of the cemetery. It is unique in Victoria as a cemetery gateway arch. The burial ground has associated structures, such as the hexagonal timber sexton's office, post and wire fence and picket hand gate along Main Street, all probably built in the early twentieth century. Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. National Trust of Australia (Victoria) - Regional significance Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p83 Entering Nillumbik Cemetery through an ornamental gateway and shaded by the Monterey Cypress hedge helps one leave the busy world outside and contemplate yesterday’s Diamond Creek. The gateway, classified by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria), and inscribed with ‘JANVA VITAE’ (gate of life), was a gift from a distinguished pioneer, William Ellis. Ellis, who was an original trustee of the Nillumbik Cemetery representing the Primitive Methodists and a successful farmer, bequeathed £100 to build the red-brick and carved stone gateway in 1887. In 1867 surveyor Edward Bage had set aside two acres (0.8ha) now 35 Main Street, for this cemetery, in what was then called the village of Nillumbik. Several earlier burials on private lands in the district might have been exhumed and re-interred in the new cemetery. The first burials in the cemetery are thought to be of ‘a Chinaman who hanged himself from a tree behind the Church of England’ and ‘another man who was drowned in a water-hole behind the same church’.1 The 1000 or so graves in the cemetery are grouped into five denominational sections: two Anglican and one each for the Methodist (the largest), Catholic and Presbyterian Churches. It is believed that several unmarked graves are of Aborigines and Chinese miners.2 Perhaps the most famous person buried in the cemetery was author Alan Marshall, who died in 1984 and wrote, among other books, I Can Jump Puddles. Surprisingly his grave is particularly modest consisting of only a grassed plot with a tiny boulder and a simple bronze plaque. It lies about halfway down the main path, at the west and third row back. The first European, interred at the cemetery on July 9, 1869, was Hannah, aged 13 years eight months, daughter of local orchardist John Lawrey and wife Honor.3 Each grave has a story which reflects a rich history. Phillip Cummings, who died in 1884, provided the barn for Diamond Creek’s first school, run by the Primitive Methodist Church. The barn stood at the corner of Phipps Crescent and the main road.4 Former Eltham Shire councillor George Stebbings, who died in 1896, built several prominent buildings in the district, including Shillinglaw Cottage in Eltham.5 The grave of miner James Joseph Whyte, who died in 1908, is a reminder of Diamond Creek’s gold mining history. At age 51, Whyte died from a rock fall in the Diamond Mine, Diamond Creek. Diamond Creek’s first butcher, Patrick Ryan, became President of the Shire of Heidelberg and Chairman of the Eltham Hurstbridge Railway Trust. A former gold miner, he was grandfather of local historian Reverend Jock Ryan. He was buried in an unmarked grave halfway down the central path. His son John Lawrence, who is buried elsewhere, had been a Mayor of the City of Heidelberg. George Martin Pizzey gave a hall, for what was to become The St John’s Anglican Church in Diamond Creek. He was a Crimean War veteran, mason and leather goods manufacturer in Melbourne, who died in 1915. The two world wars took a heavy toll of locals with 54 personnel buried here, two thirds of whom served in World War One. A sporting pioneer was Greensborough District Cricket Club founder, Andrew Webb, who was buried in 1971. Politician Roy Mountford Vale (Monte), who died in 1977, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Greensborough, and a founding councillor and president of the Diamond Valley Shire. Modern-day residents are also remembered in this cemetery. The tragic Ash Wednesday bushfires took their toll on the district: William Marsden of Panton Hill CFA died, aged 39, fighting bushfires at Upper Beaconsfield in 1983.6 Several graves tell of those who held distinguished positions overseas, including William Constable, who died in 1989. Constable was artistic director of a ballet company, art director of more than 30 films for London-based film productions, and was awarded best Film Art Director at the Moscow Film Festival in 1960.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, diamond creek, memorial arch, gateway, nillumbik cemetery, william ellis

This 1813 cannon is classified as a carronade, having been made by the Carron Ironworks foundry in Stirling, Scotland in 1813. It is a large calibre, short range, gun mainly used on ships. The carronade model of cannon was first used when introduced into the British Royal Navy in the American War of the Revolution (1775-1883). This cannon was originally a 28pdr, 48cwt, 8ft gun. The date ‘1837’ on the barrel probably indicates the date that the Board of Ordinance accepted the change in size to a 32pdr. It may originally have been a naval gun and the conversion undertaken when it was brought ashore. It is very probably one of the 15 guns that are known to have constituted the defences of Victoria in 1860. This group of 32pdrs was the shorter model of the 4800width and 8ft length cannon and as such are different from the 32pdrs found in NSW. It was originally located on Cannon Hill in Warrnambool when it was the site of the Warrnambool Battery Western Artillery, formed in 1866. It was obsolete by the time of the 1887 fortifications, and was moved from the Warrnambool Fortifications to the Botanic Gardens in 1910, when the Fortifications were declared obsolete. HISTORIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE CANNON IN THE WARRNAMBOOL AREA In the years following the Crimean War (1854-1857J) there was a great concern in the Colony that Imperial Russia would attempt an invasion. Coastal defences in the colony of Victoria were greatly strengthened by the Government as a result. Warrnambool was originally protected by cannons at Cannon Hill, approximately 1 kilometer west of the Flagstaff Hill Fortifications. The cannons included two 1866 guns, both 80 Pound Rifled Muzzle Loaders (RML) purchased by Victoria’s Colonial Government. They were part of a shipment of 26 such guns sent from England in December 1866. They are registered as No. 23 (80cwt-2qr-0lbs) - Gun 1, and No.13 (81cwt-1qr-12lbs) - Gun 2. They were cast at the Royal Gun Factory, Woolwich Arsenal, in 1866 and have a 6.3 inch bore. Both barrels carry the Royal Cypher of Queen Victoria, Insignia of the Royal Engineers, within the Garter and Motto surmounted by the Crown, with the Royal Cypher of Queen Victoria within the Garter (letters in centre “VR”, motto “HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE”, "Shame be to him who thinks evil of it."). The guns were originally supplied with wooden carriages. (The Royal Arsenal at Woolwich, England, was established eleven years after the Restoration of King Charles II. It was the principal supplier of armaments to the British and Empire Governments. At the height of its operations during World War One the factory covered 1300 acres and employed very nearly 80,000 workers. Woolwich was the Headquarters of the Royal Artillery since the raising of that Regiment in 1716. The Arsenal was closed in the late 1960’s.) The two 80pdr cannons were transferred to the Warrnambool Garrison Artillery Battery Fortifications erected at Flagstaff Hill in 1887 as part of Victoria’s Coastal Defences. The original wooden carriages were subsequently replaced with the present iron garrison carriages in 1888. They are a “C” pivot. The ‘racers’ or curved track set into the floor of the gun emplacement (which enabled the guns to be traversed more quickly) are as specified for guns up to 10 inch, being of wrought iron 2.78 inches wide. A temporary third gun, now no longer on Flagstaff Hill’s site, was a 5 inch Rifled Breech Loading (BL) Armstrong gun mounted on an Elswick hydro pneumatic disappearing carriage It was faster to load and fire than the 80 pound RMLs and its arrival spelt the end of the older 80 pound guns’ useful life, apart from being used for practice sessions. The 5 inch BL gun was the main defensive weapon of the Warrnambool Battery until the Battery was downgraded in importance and the gun was recalled to Melbourne in 1910. The gun emplacement still remains in place set between the 2 80pdr cannon. The State of Victoria took over the ownership of the guns at the time of Australian Federation in 1901. In about 1901/1902 the Garrison Battery was converted to the Warrnambool Battery of the Australian Field Artillery (No 4 Field Battery). It was equipped with 4.7 inch naval guns mounted on field carriages. They were now a mobile unit but continued to use the Warrnambool Garrison area at Flagstaff Hill for practice. When the Fortifications were declared obsolete the two 80 Pounder RML were relocated to Cannon Hill in 1910. On the outbreak of World War 1 the 4.7 inch guns were recalled to Melbourne, and the Battery was disbanded. Most of the personnel probably re-enlisted in the local 4th Australian Light Horse Regiment. The two 80 Pounder RML were moved back to the Fortifications in 1973. They were both fully restored by Army First Year Apprentices at the Ordinance Factory in Bendigo in time for the centenary year of the fortifications in 1987. The guns are capable of firing 80 pound (32.3kg) armour piercing exploding shells 3.65kms out to sea. They were original manned by volunteers before a paid Garrison was established. Now the Guns are again fired by volunteers on Special Event days. Since restoration the Gun Number 1 had been fired on a regular basis but Gun Number 2 hadn’t been fired since the mid 1990’s. In April 2015 Gun Number 2 was serviced in preparation for the firing of both cannons on the ANZAC Centenary commemorations on April 25th 2015. Other guns from the original Cannon Hill location were obsolete by the time the 1887 Warrnambool Garrison Artillery Battery was built. These guns are (1) a 32 Pounder Muzzle Loading Smooth Bore (SB) cast in 1813 at the famous Carron Foundry, number 80837 and now located in the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens. It is now mounted on a replica carriage due to the original carriage being in a fragile condition (the original carriage stored under cover at Flagstaff Hill). (2) a 68 Pounder Muzzle Loading Smooth Bore cast in 1861 at the equally august Low Moor Foundry, number 10310 and now located on the lawn area at the entrance to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. It is still mounted on its original wooden garrison carriage. Its wooden slide compressor mechanism is fragile and now kept in Flagstaff Hill’s storage. There are only seven 32 Pounder SB made by Carron and fifteen 68 Pounder SB made at Low Moor known to exist in the State of Victoria Plaque attached to the carriage “This replica carriage was constructed by the Warrnambool Tritan Woodworkers club in conjunction with the generosity of local businesses and the Warrnambool community. The original carriage (circa 1860) was removed for restoration and is now located at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. The timber used for the replica carriage is Monterey Cypress, which was an early planting in the gardens. 2010 marked the centenary of the cannon’s relocation in the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens.” (Reference; Victorian Guns and Cannons, South Western Victoria Assessment, May 2008, item W/B/01; Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village datasheets and archives). There are only seven 32 Pounder SB made by Carron known to exist in the State of Victoria and this is one of them. On a world level, this cannon represents a high level of rarity. Further, as it has been modified (bored up) it is representative of the historical process of amending artillery in order to ensure a longer usefulness of each piece despite rapidly advancing artillery technology. The number of surviving carriages with traversing slides in this group in South Western Victoria is unique in Australia and probably in the World. Out of 10 such platforms surviving in Australia, the South Western Victorian group has half. Several survive around the world but probably not in such a large group. The wooden sliding compressor mechanism belonging to this cannon is extremely rare, and the only one in this South Western Victorian group of Guns and Cannons. As a whole, this cannon has undergone very little restoration or modification, giving it a high level of integrity. The City of Warrnambool is one of several custodians of a collection of artillery pieces of heritage significance at a state, national and international level. These pieces are directly related to the defence of south-west Victoria in the 19th century. The care and preservation come under the Heritage Act 1995. (Reference; Victorian Guns and Cannons, South Western Victoria Assessment, May 2008).Cannon, or carronade, 32pdr with wheels. Muzzle loading smooth bore (SB) cannon. Cannon has original wooden Burmese Teak carriage and slide with wrought iron fittings and iron wheels. Manufactured by Carron in Scotland, in 1813. It has been converted from a 28pdr. There is a loop for a rope on the cascabel, which was part of the original casting. Re-bored in 1837. Marks include Serial Number, Royal Cypher of King George III, broad arrow of proofing, and numbers to represent the weight. NOTE: The cannon is displayed in the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens and is mounted on a replica wooden carriage; the original wooden carriage is now stored under cover at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. This carriage has 4 wheels on swivel attachments and a central gear that allows the wheels to turn on rails. Pressed into left trunnion “80837 / CARRON / 1813”, cast on barrel“symbol (Royal Cypher of King George III”, “symbol (broad arrow of proofing)” and numbers “45-3-24 / 1837” . Cascable “CV” and marks with gradations from nought to three in quarters on each side, On the carriage the end of one of the main slide members carries the mark “W symbol (broad arrow) D” incised into the timber. Plaque attached to the carriage by the Warrnambool Tritan Woodworkers club, 2010, marking the centenary of the cannon’s relocation in the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens and the addition of the replica carriage. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, victoria’s coastal defences, warrnambool fortification, warrnambool garrison battery, ordinance, armaments, cannon hill fortifications, victorian colonial government, carron ironwroks foundary, 32pdr smooth bore cannon, 28pdr smooth bore cannon, 1813 cannon, carronade

Liaison Letters details happenings within the various Sections of the Australian Survey Corps to inform all members of current information and practices. 9137.1 Liaison Letter No 1. 21 July 1937. Para 1. Object of Letter. See context section. Para 3. Progress of work. Incomplete, rest of Letter missing only 1 page. 9137.2 Liaison Letter No 2 Letter missing. 9137.3 Liaison Letter No 3. Jan 1937. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... W/O H. Rossiter. -- "Aerial Surveying". -- Article missing. .... W/O W. M. Sarll. -- "A day in the Draughting Office". -- Report on No 1 Field Sheet, Sale. -- Article missing. .... W/O H. A. Johnson. -- "Semigraphic methods of resection and intersection". -- Article missing. .... Capt. J.J. Raisbeck "Rapid production and reproduction of Military maps". Article missing. .... Lt. L. Fitzgerald. report "Survey Exercise at Sale". Article missing. .... W/O W. M. Sarll. report on No1. Field Sheet, Sale. Article missing. Para 3. Progress of work. .... "No1 Draughting Section". .... Printing. .... No1 Survey Section. .... No2 Survey Section. .... Pages 3 - 6 Missing. .... Article by W/O W. M. Sarll. "A day in the Draughting Office". Pages 7 - 10. 9137.4 Liaison Letter No 4. April 1937. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... Lieut. H. W. G. Clews. -- Notes on the non-ascertained Base problem. -- Article missing. .... W/O W. M. Sarll. -- Helpful hints on air photos. -- Article missing. .... Capt. T. H. B. Foott. .... & Capt. J.J. Raisbeck. -- A short history of the Military Survey of Australia. -- Article missing. .... W/O H. Rossiter. -- Notes on Aerial Surveying. -- Article missing. .... W/O H. A. Johnson. -- A type of Beacon. -- Article missing. Para 2. Progress of work. ..... No1 Draughting Section. ..... No1 Survey Section. ..... Pages missing. 9137.5 Liaison Letter No 5, July 1937. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed .... Lt L. Fitzgerald -- A new section and its job. -- Article missing. .... WO G.R.L. Remington. .... & H. E. Eggeling. Azimuth of the Plane table. -- Article missing. .... W.O. B. M. Sarll. -- The Second Annual Smoke Night of the Members of the Aust.Survey Corps stationed in Victoria. .... Also included is a very interesting article on the United States Geological Survey by J. F. Staask, extracted from the Canadian Surveyor. February 1936. -- Article missing. Para 2. Progress of work. .... No1. Draughting Section. .... No 1 Topographical Section. No further articles till page 7. .... The Second Annual Smoke Night of the members of the Aust. Survey Corps. Stationed in Victoria. Pages 7 - 9. 9137.6 Liaison Letter No 6, September 1937. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed .... Lt L. Fitzgerald. -- Geodetic Triangulation reconnaissance. Article missing. -- Article missing. .... Lt. R.F. Rule, M.M. -- A suggested Form for Field Book 3rd Order Traverses. -- Article missing. .... W/O. H. A. Johnson. -- A suggested Form for Quadrilateral Adjustments. -- Article missing. Para 2. Progress of work. .... No1. Draughting Section. .... No 1 Topographical Section. No further pages to letter 6. 9137.7 Liaison Letter No 7. January 1938. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... Major T. A. Vance. -- Report on the Survey of a Training Area in Tasmania. -- Article missing. .... W/O D. Macdonald. -- The naming of Trigonometrical Stations. -- Article missing. Para 2. Progress of work. .... No1 Draughting Section A.H.Q. .... No1 Topographical Section, 4 M.D. .... No2 Topographical Section 3 M.D. .... No3 Topographical Section 2 M.D. .... No4 Topographical Section A.H.Q. No further pages to letter 7. 9137.8 Liaison Letter No 8. April 1938. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed .... Capt. H.P.G.Clews. -- A possible method of estimating Stereoscopic ability. -- Article missing. .... W/O. A.L.Smith. -- Hints to Topographers from a Draughtsman's point of view. .... W/O. W.W. Sarll. -- Seeing that which a Surveyor sees. Para 1.a. -- Relative to article on naming of trig stations which appeared in No7. This contribution has examples of naming. Para 1.d. Enlistment. -- George Gladstone Bolwell was enlisted as W/O.II. Draughtsman in the No. 1 Draughting Section A.H.Q. on the 26th April 1938. Mr. Bolwell was of the Victorian Lands Department. Para 1.e. Embarkation. -- Major T.A. Vance. O.C. Aust Survey Corps, embarked S.S. "Monterey". 28 Mar 1938 to undergo six months training in USA and Canada. Para 1.f. Promotions. -- To be Capt. (prov.) Lieut. H.P.G. Clews 9.11.1937. Para 1.g. Medals -- Award of Aust. Meritorious Service Medal -- W/O.H. Rossiter. .... Award of Aust. Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct -- W/O, A.L. Smith. Para 2. Progress of work. .... No.1 Draughting Section A.H.Q. .... No.1 Topographical Section, 4 M.D. .... No.2 Topographical Section 3 M.D. .... No.3 Topographical Section 2 M.D. .... No.4 Topographical Section A.H.Q. Article missing by Capt. H.P.G.Clews. -- A possible method of estimating Stereoscopic ability. Article by W/O. A.L.Smith. -- Hints to Topographers from a Draughtsman's point of view. Contains 3 pages. Article by W/O. W.W. Sarll. -- Seeing that which a Surveyor sees. Contains 3 pages. 9137.9 Liaison Letter No 9. July 1938. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed .... Captain H.P.G.Clews -- Computation of log p and log v; also Abbreviated interpolation. .... W/O. G.R.L. Rimington. -- Light Weight Camping Gear. .... W/O. H.A. Johnson. -- The use of the Calculating Machine on Resections, etc,; also comments by O.C.No.4 Topographical Section on this article. Para 1.a. A.A.O. 104. Examination for Appointment to the Rank of Lieutenant. February - March,1938. .... W.O.I. A.L. Smith. .... W.O.I. W.M. Sarll. .... W/O. II. G.R.L. Rimington. .... W/O. II. A.F. Kurrle. .... W/O. II. H.A. Johnson. .... W/O. II. D. MacDonald. .... W/O. II. H.F.Eggeling. .... For Captain. .... Capt. (p) H.P.G. Clews. .... Lieut. L. FitzGerald. .... Lieut. R.K. Rule M.M. Para.1. b. A.A.O. 109. Allotment W/O. II. W.B. Relf to No.3 Topo Section 2 M.D., 5.4.38. Para.1. c. Gaz. No. 37 -- Promotions. -- To be Captain, Lieut. L FitzGerald. 5th July 1938. -- The provisional promotion of Captain H.P.G. Clews is confirmed. Para. 2. Progress of Work. .... No.1 Draughting Section A.H.Q. .... No.1 Topographical Section, 4 M.D. .... No.2 Topographical Section 3 M.D. .... No.3 Topographical Section 2 M.D. .... No.4 Topographical Section 2 M.D. 9137.10 Liaison Letter No 10. October 1938. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... Lieut. R.K. Rule M.M. -- Barometric levelling in Forest Areas. .... W/O. H.A. Roseblade -- Adjustment of principal points on master grid. .... W/O. II. A.F. Kurrle. -- The Hunter short base applied to photo control. .... W/O. W.B. Relf -- Reunion at Newcastle. .... The articles are all missing Para. 1. a. A.A.O. 184. Discharge -- W/O. II. G.G. Bolwell. 15th July 1938. Para. 1. b. A.A.O. 174-195, 31.8.38. Vacancy for Draughtsman. Para. 1. c. Obituary. -- Major John Lynch. 29th July 1938. Para. 2. Progress of Work. .... No.1 Draughting Section A.H.Q. .... No.1 Topographical Section, 4 M.D. .... No.2 Topographical Section 3 M.D. .... No.3 Topographical Section 2 M.D. .... No.4 Topographical Section A.H.Q. 9137.11 Liaison Letter No 11. January 1939. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... Major T.A. Vance. -- Training Abroad, Canada and U.S.A. .... Captain L. Fitzgerald -- Air Reconnaissance for 1st Order Triangulation. .... W/O C.E. Stewart. -- Reunion at Traralgon. Para 2. A.A.O. 301/38. .... a. Appointments. -- Royal Ormond Worcester, on enlistment in the Aust Permanent Military Forces is appointed W/O II. 30th November 1938. -- Thomas Micheal Connolly, on enlistment in the Aust Permanent Military Forces is appointed W/O II. 30th November 1938. .... b. Discharge. -- No. 3614 W/O II. G.R.L. Rimington. 30th November 1938. .... c. Awards of the Australian Military Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (Military). -- No.1175, W/O I, E.T. Johnson. .... d. Return of Officers to Australia. -- Major T.A. Vance, having completed training in the United States of America, Canada and New Zealand, returned to Aust. on the S.S. "Awatea", disembarked Sydney on 3rd December 1938. .... e. Allotment. -- No.3689, W/O. II A.F. Kurrle, allotted to No. 4 Topographical Section, A.H.Q., 1 January 1939. Para. 2. Progress of Work. .... Cartographic Section, A.H.Q. .... Geodetic Section, A.H.Q. .... No.1 Survey Section, 4 M.D. .... No. 2 Survey Section, 3 M.D. .... No. 3 Survey Section, 2 M.D. 9137.12 Liaison Letter No 12. March 1939. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... W/O H.F. Eggeling -- Topographical Survey and Barometric Levelling. .... W/O G.T.P. Carter Methods of plotting from air photographs. .... Editor, Canadian Surveyor -- The Australian Survey Corps Para 2. A.A.O. 57 -- .... a. Promotion. -- No. 3577 S/Sgt G.T.P. Carter. appointed Topographer promoted to W/O II. 15th January 1939. .... b. Allotment -- The following are allotted to No. 3 Topographical Section 2 M.D. 1st February 1939. .... No, 171 W/O I B. Rossiter. .... No. 178 W/O. I V.W. Aldred. .... No. 150 W/O. I A.T. Smith. .... c. Transfer. -- No. 369 W.O. A.F.Kurrle. to No. 4 Topo Section A.H.Q. 1st January 1939. .... d. Promotions -- To be Major J.J. Raisbeck. and Lieut. W.M. Sarll as of 1st January 1939. Para. 3. Progress of Work. .... Cartographic Section, A.H.Q. .... No.4 Topographical Section, A.H.Q. .... No.2 Topographical Section, 3 M.D. .... No.3 Topographical Section, 2 M.D. .... Articles Missing -- W/O H.F. Eggeling -- Topographical Survey and Barometric Levelling. -- W/O G.T.P. Carter Methods of plotting from air photographs .... Article -- Editor, Extract from "The Canadian Surveyor" -- The Australian Survey Corps. 9137.13 Liaison Letter No 13. June 1939. Para 1. Our thanks are due to the following for articles contributed. .... Lieut. W.M. Sarll -- Meeting a crisis with maps and equipment; also comments by O.C. Cartographic Section. .... W/O H.F. Eggeling -- Design and description of an Epidiascope. -- Article missing. .... Editor, Melbourne Herald -- "They do a Vital Task". 6th July, 1939. .... Also enclosed is a Corps Seniority Roll. -- Article missing. Para 2. a. A.A.O. 118/39. -- Appointment to Lieutenant, February, March, 1939. .... 3572 W/O. I. H.C. Raisbeck. .... 3684 W/O. I.I. T.R. Westgarth. .... 3686 W/O. I.I. C.E.B. Stewart. .... 3702 W/O. I.I. C. S. Tyler. .... 4479 W/O. I.I. W.B. Relf. Para. 2. b. A.A.O. 127/39 -- Appointment to W/O. I.I. .... G. V. Brooke. 5.4.39. .... L. J. Lockwood. 5.4.39. .... J. P. Hanley. 17.4.39. .... W. J. Harrison. 24.4.39. .... J. K. C. Herridge. 1.5.39. Para 2. c Gaz. 26/39. Awards of the Aust. Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct Military. .... No. 1439 W/O. I. H. A. Roseblade. .... No. 1176 W/O. I. J. Cullen. Para. 3. Progress of Work. .... Cartographic Section, A.H.Q. .... Geodetic Section A.H.Q. .... No. 2 Survey Section, 3 M.D. .... No. 3 Survey Section, 2 M.D. .... Editor, Melbourne Herald -- "They do a Vital Task". 6th July, 1939. .... Lieut. W.M. Sarll -- Meeting a crisis with maps and equipment; also comments by O.C. Cartographic Section. 9137.1 Liaison Letter No 1. 21 July 1937. Para 1. Object of Letter. The object of these letters, which it is to be proposed quarterly, is to enable members of the Australian Survey Corps to stimulate interest in the progress of the work as a whole. It is also intended as a means to invite helpful criticism and suggestions for improvements in methods in any branch of the work. All members of the Corps are invited to contribute. Their suggestion should be forwarded to the O.C. section for transmission to O, C. Survey Corps and, if considered of sufficient merit, will be included in the next letter. It may often happen that a method, that may appear obvious and of little consequence to a member or Section using it, may not be followed by the others. In any case a discussion of detail in methods should be helpful to all.54 x A4 Photocopied pages of typed text. 9137.1 Liaison Letter No 1. 21 July 1937. 9137.2 Liaison Letter No 2 Letter missing. 9137.3 Liaison Letter No 3. Jan 1937. 9137.4 Liaison Letter No 4. April 1937. 9137.5 Liaison Letter No 5, July 1937. 9137.6 Liaison Letter No 6, September 1937. 9137.7 Liaison Letter No 7. January 1938. 9137.8 Liaison Letter No 8. April 1938. 9137.9 Liaison Letter No 9. July 1938. 9137.10 Liaison Letter No 10. October 1938. 9137.11 Liaison Letter No 11. January 1939. 9137.12 Liaison Letter No 12. March 1939. 9137.13 Liaison Letter No 13. June 1939. royal australian survey corps, army survey regiment, fortuna, rasvy, army svy regt, asr

The pupils of Falconer Street Central School No.3918 in North Fitzroy rehearse with conductress Miss Ida Park for their performance at the Temperance Hall, Russell Street Melbourne with proceeds going to the Lord Mayor’s Fund. The house on the right of the photograph is Jubilee House, 126 Michael Street North Fitzroy and is extant. Photographer notations on slide: Choir At Fitzroy State School 1933 B5 While this photograph appears not to have been published, a photograph taken from a different angle of the same event was published in The Age 21 July 1933. SCHOOL CHILDREN SING IN THE OPEN AIR. “A choir of children at North Fitzroy practise their songs for a Pantomime, to be given in the Temperance Hall for the Lord Mayor's Fund on Wednesday next. On the extreme left is the conductress of the Choir (Miss Ida Park).” Reference: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204368572 Research by project volunteer, Fiona Collyer: Children of The Falconer Street Central School Choral Society, trained by conductress Miss Ida Park, along with dance and gymnastics pupils of Misses Dorothy Gibb and Inez Ellis, performed in the “Cinderella” pantomime at the Temperance Hall in Russell Street, Melbourne on 26 July, 1933. The proceeds went to the Lord Mayor’s Fund. Conductress Miss Ida Park (1904- 1952) lived in the North Fitzroy and Clifton Hill area all her life. She was immersed in the music world of Melbourne and was a member of the Musical Society of Victoria. Ida graduated from Melbourne University Conservatorium with a Bachelor of Music degree in 1929 before departing for London where she studied piano and organ at the Royal Academy of Music. Ida returned to Melbourne in 1931, and billed as “The Gifted Young Australian Pianist”, held pianoforte recitals of classical music at Assembly Hall, Collins Street. She also played the organ for services at St Paul’s Independent Church in Delbridge Street, North Fitzroy and later St Luke’s, North Fitzroy. Ida conducted the children of the Falconer Street Central School Choral Society as they competed in the State School Choral Championships and the 85 children of the Fitzroy City Centenary Choir who sang at Melbourne’s Centenary celebrations of 1934/35. In 1945, Ida married Charles Hazeldine, a tenor and returned digger who had served in two world wars. The pair performed together in many concerts over the years. Tragically, both Ida and Charles were badly injured when struck by a car while crossing Queens Parade Clifton Hill in June 1952, with Ida dying from head injuries at St Vincent’s Hospital soon after. She was 48 years old. Charles wrote on Ida’s death notice - “Called home.” The choir were pupils of Falconer Street Central School No. 3918 in North Fitzroy which was built in 1915 to provide upper primary education for grades 5 to 8 for the area. In 1957 it became Fitzroy High School. In 1992, the Kennett Government swept to power, embarking on a program of fiscal austerity and privatisation of government services. 390 government schools were closed, with the land proposed to be sold to developers. 7000 teachers were sacked: 10% of Victoria’s public school teachers. Auxiliary school staff also lost their jobs. Amongst the first to close was Fitzroy High School. Fearful that the land would be sold, hundreds of students, parents, teachers and local residents occupied the building around-the-clock in four hour shifts and overnight for 14 months, sleeping on gym mats in the principal’s office and administrators’ wing. The blockade was lifted when a arrangement was reached to allow Kangan Batman TAFE to use the school from 1993 until 1998. With the election of the Bracks Government in 1999, and construction of new buildings, Fitzroy High School was reopened in 2004 after a 12 year battle. Temperance Hall, at 172 Russell Street, where the children performed “Cinderella”, was built in 1872 by the Melbourne Total Abstinence Society as a venue for lectures, meetings and alcohol-free community concerts and events. From 1934, Temperance Hall was fitted out as a cinema and renamed the Imperial Theatre, showing popular Hollywood films, before closing in 1939 for renovations and reopening as the Savoy Theatre, Melbourne’s first “Continental” talkies cinema. At this time, Australian cinema programming was dominated by American and British films. The lessees, Continental Film Art Theatre began negotiating for theatre properties in Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth and Auckland to screen foreign language films, hoping to present the finest productions from France, Germany, Holland and Italy. At the cost of £6000, the theatre was fitted with the latest Mirrophonic sound and projection system and enlarged to seat 800 patrons with luxurious, ultra modern fittings and furnishings in a colour palette of rust and beige. Instead of usherettes, General Manager Peter Dawson, hoping to bring a sophisticated European atmosphere to the theatre, employed attractive, multilingual “Continental hostesses” to assist guests (not patrons) and answer queries relating to the films. Collectively the hostesses spoke English, French, Dutch, German, Russian and Italian. The Age 20 May 1939- “Atmosphere is a very important part of the theatre's scheme. Ushers in the ordinary sense will not be employed; hostesses will look upon patrons as guests. They will be dressed in full evening dress, and the only indication that they are not guests is the little medallion pinned to their evening dress, on which their names are inscribed.” The hostesses were dressed in evening gowns of olive-green velvet, the full skirts embroidered with gold loops, wine velvet bolero jackets and long white kid gloves with silvery tiaras in their hair. For guests worried that they may not understand the plot, the management assured patrons that- “By means of superimposed English translations on the bottom of the screen, the dialogue is perfectly understandable and the whole witty story can be followed with ease.” The Gala opening of the Savoy Theatre, on 31 May 1939 was attended by a “who’s who” of Melbourne Society, the women wearing beautiful gowns, headdresses and furs. Amongst the guests were former premier Sir Stanley Argyle and Lady Argyle, former Lord Mayor Sir Harold Gengoult-Smith and his wife Cynthia, Field Marshall Thomas Blamey and Lady Blamey and Miss Jessie Brookes. The Vice Consul for France, Monsieur Frank Puaux and his wife attended, Madame Puaux dressed in a black satin gown and a musquash fur cape. She was presented with a beautiful bouquet of scarlet carnations and lily of the valley tied with the tricolour of France. In his speech Monsieur Puaux stated that “from the cultural, linguistic and artistic points of view it was excellent that the Australian public should have an opportunity to see foreign film in the original language.” “Letty” writing in Table Talk magazine described the atmosphere of “Continental” gaiety that had permeated Melbourne - “The Letters of Letty”, Table Talk 8 June 1939 “The “foreign influence” is definitely obtruding itself into the even tenor of Melbourne life these days…. but in the pleasantest manner possible! Included in the great number of Continental people who have recently made their homes here, we have stars of the Russian ballet settling in our midst…. and now… we have been presented with our own Continental picture theatre in the attractive shape of The Savoy, which opened its doors on Wednesday night for the exclusive release of foreign films. One could hardly recognise the old Temperance Hall in its adaptation to the smart, comfortable and thoroughly-intriguing Savoy Theatre. Where once this rather draughty old building stood in Russell Street there now greets us an unmistakable “Continental” edifice, living up to its exterior by sustaining within its walls its overseas’ atmosphere. Indeed, one feels as though one has crossed the threshold into a European city, stepping out of the unmistakably Australian street that is Russell into The Savoy lounge to be greeted by polite “messieurs” from the attractive, Continental-looking usherettes and to gaze upon a film as delightfully French in story and presentation as “La Kermesse Heroique.” But successful though “La Kermesse Heroique” proved on its initial presentation inside the theatre, the debut was no more triumphal than that made by the winning and pretty little French lass who had charge of the booking office outside in the foyer. With her attractive accent and Continental flair for making one “feel at home” she was undoubtedly one of the hits of the night-especially with the susceptible males, who spent very much longer in the lounge than is customary, racking their brains for excuses for making conversation with the attractive Parisienne! Those French girls certainly have a way with them!” The opening film, the 1935 French comedy “La Kermesse Heroique”, (The Heroic Sex) starring Francoise Rosay and Jean Murat (film now called “Carnival in Flanders”) was the winner of the Grand Prix du Cinema Francais as the finest picture of 1936 and described in the advertisement as “The Gay French Comedy of Laughter and Romance” The film is set during the 17th century Spanish occupation of Flanders in the Flemish town of Boom at the time of their annual festival. Hearing news of a pending visit to Boom by the commander, the Duke of Olivares and his army, and fearing rape and pillage, the boorish burgomaster feigns his own death, hoping the Spaniards will bypass the grieving town out of respect. The army arrives and the cowardly men of the town flee. The womenfolk decide on a different approach. Lead by the burgomaster’s beautiful wife Cornelia, they set out to to preserve the peace with grace and hospitality only to find the Spaniards attractive and virile, unlike their own husbands. The Sun newspaper described the film as “Mellow as a Stilton cheese, and as ripely suited to adult taste.” Preceding “La Kermesse Heroique” was a Gaumont British newsreel of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth departing for a tour of Canada and the Soviet documentary “Nine Months on a Drifting Ice Floe” During the war “Continental” films became difficult to source, so the Savoy screened Hollywood movies and held fund raisers for the war effort. After World War Two, the Savoy continued to screen “Continental” films, catering to post-war immigrants from Europe and bohemian Melburnians. In 1953, the Savoy had a wildly popular season with queues winding around the block to see Swedish summer romance “One Summer of Happiness” (Hon dansade en sommar) with its nude swimming scenes. The Chief Commonwealth Censor declined to cut the film on the grounds that although it displayed nudity, it was genuinely artistic. According to Wikipedia, film director Fred Schepisi was first exposed to European films such as “Bicycle Thieves”, “Rocco and His Brothers” and “The Wages of Fear” at the Savoy as a teenager, leading to his long career in filmmaking. In 1955, in response to the massive rise in car ownership, the Melbourne City Council recommended that parking stations be built on every block. The Savoy Theatre and adjacent buildings, which included the Golden Fleece Hotel were demolished in 1963 and replaced with Total House, a Brutalist commercial building consisting of a seven storey car park crowned by a four storey office block, shops at street level, and a basement theatre which housed the Lido Theatre Restaurant-Cabaret from 1965. The building was designed by architectural firm Bogle & Banfield Associates and named for the original tenant of the offices, French oil company, Total Oil Products P/L. The Lido Theatre Restaurant was managed by former Tivoli dancer and promoter David Hamilton McIlwraith, presenting dinner and a glamorous cabaret floor show of showgirls, (some topless) to accompany variety acts by local and international actors, singers, comedians and magicians. The interior of the Lido was opulently decorated in deep, lush green with old world gold trim and chandeliers. Handily, patrons could enter and leave via an elevator, straight from the building’s own car park! A four course gourmet dinner with show and dancing cost $8.00 in 1968. The Lido advertised in 1966 that “Every visitor to Melbourne soon discovers the brightest entertainment spot in the Southern Hemisphere with its million dollar decor, dining delights and spectacular stage productions.” Australian Jewish News - 21 April 1967 - “Superb decor and atmosphere, cuisine and service have been readily recognised as the contributing factors to the excellence of stage presentations, staging, costumes, decor and, of course, the actual choice of artists.” The bedazzling ensemble of 40 high-kicking, feathered and sequinned showgirls were advertised as the “Fabulous Lido girls and the controversial Baretop Lido Goddesses” who were described as “Statuesque Beauty as Nature intended” and “…a host of glamorous gals whose favourite shade is flesh pink.” Some of the acts who performed at the Lido were- -Broken Hill’s own - opera singer June Bronhill -1967. -Versatile singer Lovelace Watkins known as “Black Sinatra - 1967. -“Queen of the five-fingered boogie", honky-tonk and rollicking rag-time pianist, Winifred Atwell - 1967. -New Zealand pop duo, Bill and Boyd -1968. -American actress and soprano Kathryn Grayson -1968. -Denise Drysdale in “Say It With Music” -1968. -“Catwoman” Eartha Kitt -1969. -Internationally recognised female impersonator, Sydneysider Tracey Lee, (Maxwell Richie) billed as "controversial impressionist and singing personality from the famous Carousel Nightspot in Paris". -Frances Faye, American comedienne and show-tune singer and pianist-1969. -“Cry Guy” histrionic singer Johnnie Ray -1970. -Risqué revue “Oh Calcutta!” with some segments and the “four letter” words removed-1970. In 1970, under new management, the Lido was renovated with claret and gold wallpaper, midnight blue ceiling and a computerised fountain with fairy lights and relaunched by “The Tigress from Tiger Bay”, Shirley Bassey. The relaunch was short lived however, as later that year the venue became El Toro Espana, a Spanish restaurant and nightclub offering a four course meal for $4.50 while you watched the floorshow. The venue then briefly became the Red Garter Music Hall Theatre from 1972, then in 1974 the site became the 600 seat Total Theatre comprising of a cinema with a stage for live acts. There were also three bars to choose from - the Crush Bar, the Bleachers and the Snake Pit. Total Theatre had the unusual concept of a live music act, or plays, musicals and magicians followed by a film. In 1975 soprano Suzanne Steele featured, followed by the film “The Voyage” starring Sophia Loren and Richard Burton. In 1975, the Total held a rock film festival showing a Jimi Hendrix documentary, “Monterey Pop Festival”, “Pink Floyd in Pompeii” and more. In 1976, 17 year old Chrissy Amphlett, later of rock band Divinyls, played the role of Linda Lips for nine months in the Australian stage production of R-rated “sexual musical”, “Let My People Come” at the Total Theatre. The Total Theatre closed in 1979 and from 1980 to 2014 the venue became Billboard Nightclub, hosting local and international acts, including INXS, Tina Turner and John Farnham, and in 2009, 18 year old Taylor Swift. The venue is now called 170 Russell and presents hundreds of live local and international acts every year. In 2014, after being under threat of demolition, Total House was listed on the Victorian Heritage Register as “a landmark of post-World War II modernist design and…one of the earliest and best expressions of Brutalist architecture in Victoria”. References: RICHARD CROOKS ARRIVES SCHOOL AGAIN VENUE OF ROYAL VISIT (1939, May 31). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 17. Retrieved November 21, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article205629696 AMUSEMENTS. (1933, July 27). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 12. Retrieved September 19, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204378853 https://larzra.wordpress.com/origins/ CONTINENTAL HOSTESSES, (1939, May 31). The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), p. 27. Retrieved November 21, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article278189387 The Letters of Letty (1939, June 8). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 12. Retrieved October 29, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article149320966 SAVOY THEATRE (1939, June 1). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 7. Retrieved September 19, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article205639035 NEW THEATRE OPENED (1939, June 1). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 8. Retrieved September 21, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12134234 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_House Page [?] TOUCH OF SPAIN (1970, December 18). The Australian Jewish News (Melbourne, Vic. : 1935 - 1999), p. 35. Retrieved September 23, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article262493757 No title (1935, June 11). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 27. Retrieved September 29, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article244840169 Dine, wine, and watch a stage show (1966, November 16). The Australian Women's Weekly (1933 - 1982), p. 6. Retrieved November 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44025050 http://jonathanbollen.net/2011/02/26/tracey-lee/ LIDO ‘ART’ (1967, April 21). The Australian Jewish News (Melbourne, Vic. : 1935 - 1999), p. 8. Retrieved November 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article263003136 THE FABULOUS LIDO (1965, October 22). The Australian Jewish News (Melbourne, Vic. : 1935 - 1999), p. 17. Retrieved November 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article262983995 No title (1939, May 31). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 6. Retrieved November 21, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12134144 #NEW THEATRE OPENED (1939, June 1). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 8. Retrieved September 29, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12134234 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracey_Lee_(female_impersonator) https://citycollection.melbourne.vic.gov.au/35b-40h-image-of-a-model-for-the-total-house-offices-and-car-park-on-russell-street/ https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/from-the-archives-1990-s-hundreds-of-school-closures-hit-victoria-20190801-p52cwj.html http://jonathanbollen.net/2011/05/29/the-lido-melbourne/Photographer notations on slide: primary schools, schools, music, education, choirs, fitzroy, cars, theatre restaurants, venues, films