Showing 174 items
matching museums omnibuses
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Ballarat Tramway Museum
Administrative record, Government of Victoria, "Motor Omnibus Act 1928", "Motor Omnibus Act 1929", 1929
... Museums Omnibuses... Parade Ballarat Ballarat goldfields Museums Omnibuses Ballarat ...2260.1 - 32 page document, Victorian Act No. 3742, titled "Motor Omnibus Act 1928". Printed on white paper, edge stapled, dated 12/2/1929. Provides the law and licencing provisions relating to the use of buses, omnibuses in Victoria, including Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong. See also Reg. Item No. 1976 for the regulations regarding this Act. 2260.2 - 8 page document, Victorian Act No. 3851, titled "Motor Omnibus Act 1929". Printed on white paper, saddle stapled, dated 30/12/1929. Provides amendments to the 1928 Act in particular for light motor omnibuses or motor cars. The full Acts can be downloaded from the Parliamentary Web site.2260.1 - has ESCo date stamp of 8 Feb. 1929. 2260.1 - has ESCo date stamp of 16 Jan. 1929, the nine has been altered to a "3" in pencil. Probably should have read 1930. Also has a red "3" within a circle in the top right hand corner.museums omnibuses, ballarat, bendigo, buses, competition -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Administrative record, Victorian Government, "Victorian Government Gazette - No. 32", March 1929
... Museums Omnibuses.... buses Bendigo Museums Omnibuses Regulations Bus Services ESCo ...Victorian Government Gazette No. 32 of 20/3/1929 on pages 1081 to 1085 detailing the By-Laws and Regulations No. 58 pursuant to the Sections 9 and 46 of the Motor Omnibus Act (Urban and Country) No. 3570, of 1927 detailing the operational requirements for buses in Bendigo. Provides definitions, fares, timetables, and passengers. The regulations detail the routes, timetables, and advertising matter. A similar set of regulations are provided for the Mildura bus service. Yields information about the Bendigo bus regulations of 1929 for Bendigo.Document - 56 foolscap pages, off white paper stapled on the left hand edge.ESCo dated stamp of 16 Apr 1929buses, bendigo, museums omnibuses, regulations, bus services -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book, DON CAMILLO OMNIBUS, c. 1956
Book hardcover, grey, red and gold label on spine. Collection of 3 stories by Giovanni Guareschi, translated from Italian -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Manual - CAC commonwealth aircraft corporation, rolls royce derby nene omnibus parts modifications publication 288
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Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Rules of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association", 1937 to 1951
Set of five books that were the property of Jock Menzies, a SEC Ballarat driver. .1 - same as btm3655 - "Rules of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association" - 1939. .2 - same as btm3135 - "The Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees' Association / Agreement / Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong" - 1937 .3 - same btm3112 - "Electric Tramways of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria By-Law No. 1" - August 1951. .4 - same as btm3068 - "State Electricity Commission of Victoria - Tramways - Rules Governing Employees - May 1936" .5 - same as btm3116 - "Rules Governing Employees" - see btm8078i1.pdf for a full scan of the book. This version is slightly different to other versions,All items have notations on the cover and inside - notes made by Jock.trams, tramways, ballarat, geelong, bendigo, atmoea, unions, agreements, uniforms, sec, rules, regulations, by laws, motormen, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Ephemera - Melbourne cable tram City ticket, Tramway Board (TB), c1917
Cable trams operated in Melbourne from 1885 to 1940. Initially by the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co (a private operator) then the "Tramway Board" from 1916 to 1919 until the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board took over. This strip of two tickets would have been a set of pre-purchased ticket in a lot of eight (8) tickets (1/- worth). Priced 1 1/2d each. On the rear lists the lines available and the section available. Issued by the Tramway BoardDemonstrates a Melbourne cable tram ticket issued by the Tramway BoardLight yellow coloured card printed strip ticket with perforations - two prepurchased tickets.cable trams, tickets, tramway board, melbourne -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Booklet - Souvenir Programme, "Popular Conductress Competition - Gala Ball", August 1944
Booklet - "Popular Conductress Competition - Gala Ball" - Melbourne Town Hall 31/8/1944 - 8pm to 2am. Gives details of the event, the entrants, Red Cross work for some 23,000 Prisoners of War and their thanks to the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association. Includes a photo of each entrant and written in ink is the amount raised by each conductress. Programme number 703. Has an advertisement for Black and White cigarettes on the back cover. See 8823 for a photograph of the entrants in their ball gowns.Demonstrates work to support the Red Cross Prisoner of War fund raising.Eight page booklet, printed centre stapled.most popular conductress, sylvia mitchell, tramways, sec, red cross, events, union, atmoea -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Letter/s, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), 21/02/1962 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about the Union use of Electra Hall for a public meeting and the SEC being thanked.Letter on quarto paper with rounded corners, from R. Courtney, Secretary of the Ballarat Division of the Australian Tramways Omnibus Employees Association to Mr. Linaker, Manager SEC Ballarat Branch, dated 21-2-62, with the SEC stamp of 23 Feb. 1962, thanking him for the use of Electra Hall for a meeting. The meeting could not take place at Trades Hall. letter File number "62/1424" in top right hand corner.trams, tramways, letterhead, unions, meetings, ballarat, atmoea -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Administrative record - Memorandum, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Tramways Statistics", 6/02/1962 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about preparation of tramway statistics to enable the Transport Regulation Board to plan bus replacement., Yields information about preparation of tramway statistics to enable the Transport Regulation Board to plan bus replacement.Copy of a Memorandum sent by the Melbourne office, Engineer and Manager SEC to the Manager Ballarat Branch, 6/2/1962, requesting the preparation of statistics for the Transport Regulation Board planning of the Motor Omnibus Services. Has a long list of items. Similar letter to Bendigo. Also refers to Reg Item 7930 and 7932 for the response.trams, tramways, reports, passengers, employees, fares, tramcars, routes, revenue, finances, tickets -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "The Tramway Record December 1987", Dec. 1987
Magazine 40 page, with pink page cover and plain white paper inside cantered stapled - "The Tramway Record December 1987" - with title in black ink and Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association logo on the front cover and a photo of No. 1 cable tram set and hand Witten note "These contraptions are slow compared to the car! Features history of the Union, list of office bearers, President page noting the opening of the St Kilda Beach Light Rail, extract from the MMTB Instruction to Motormen in Electric car driving for the Eastern system and general news from the depots. trams, tramways, unions, melbourne, mmtb, instructions, drivers, motormen -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "MMTB Electric Tramways and Motor Omnibuses Sections and Fares", 1976
Grey cardboard with light grey cloth end binding covered book, 124 pages "MMTB Electric Tramways and Motor Omnibuses Sections and Fares", dated July 1976. Details the various section stages and fares for each tram and bus route, General instructions, concession fares and has photos or drawings of the various special tickets, eg passes or prepaid tickets. Book consists of eight sections, bound with cloth binding on the outside covering internal staples.trams, tramways, tickets, fares, sections, passes -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Tramcar component - Sliding Door Roller, Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co. (MTOCo), 1880's late
Brass door roller from a former Melbourne cable car trailer - numbered 2 222 - probably No. 2 end of trailer No. 222. Consists of a large cast section for attachment to the top of the door, roller wheel and axle. Cable trams commenced in 1885 and by 1891 there were 350 sets. (see reference) See p79 of "Mind the Curve", John D.Keating re number of tram built by 1891.melbourne, cable trams, door roller, tramcar component -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "The Tramway Record Vol. 54, No. 9, Sept. 1991", Sep. 1991
Fifty Six page, with glossy white cover and plain white paper inside - "The Tramway Record Vol. 54, No. 9, Sept. 1991" - with title in red ink and Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association logo on the front cover. Printed by the Victorian branch of the union. Features on the front cover a photo (see image) of Stewart R. Thompson, a tram driver who recently retired after 39 years from Essendon depot. Also features the Editors note on the driver and a five page article written by Stewart Thompson on his life as a driver. Other items featured is an obituary for former Secretary of the Tramway Union, Sydney E. Edwards, an article on the Doncaster Bus Depot written by Alan Bailey and news from the various depots. trams, tramways, unions, melbourne, doncaster, employees, atmoea -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "Federal Rules of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employee's Association", 1969
Ninety six page book with blue cover, titled "Federal Rules of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employee's Association" as amended by the Australian Council 1969. Cover - light blue cover, saddle stapled with two staples to the off white printed rules of the Union. Rules printed on 76 pages, with pages 77 to 80 numbered only and the last 16 pages un-numbered. Pages ii to iv has a detailed index giving rule number and page number. 2290.1 - additional copy with "L. Bird" in ink on the top right hand corner. - added 1/2/2008 2290.2 - additional copy with "A. Jeffreys" in ink on the top right hand corner - added 6/8/2016 .1 - On top right hand corner of cover "J. Everett" in blue ink. .2 - ditto for "L. Bird" .3 - ditto for "A. Jeffreys" trams, tramways, unions, atmoea, rules, federal rules -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Financial record - Receipt/s, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employee's Association Ballarat Branch", 11/01/1968 12:00:00 AM
Significant in being a receipt issued by the Union to a driver showing that he paid his union dues for the following four weeks. Printed specifically for a defined period. Shows the importance attached to being a union member and the method of collecting dues, especially printing receipts for a specific date.Pink colour receipt from the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employee's Association Ballarat Branch dated 11 Jan 1968 written by R. Courtney as Collector giving membership to 8th Feb. 1968. The 8th Feb. 1968 date printed onto the receipt. The receipt date "11 Jan" and. " R. Courtney" stamped on red ink. Name of member "J. Everett" hand written on in blue ink. Office given as Tramway Office, Sturt St. Amount was 60cents.trams, tramways, receipts, atmoea, unions -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, G. McEldowney, "100 years of Melbourne's Trams", Nov. 1985
Thirty Two page book, A4 landscape format, saddle stapled, titled "100 years of Melbourne's Trams", published by the Metropolitan Transit Authority and the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association in 1985. Colour cover featuring drawings of Melbourne trams from cable trams to articulated electric trams. Has foreword by Tom Roper, Minister for Transport. Book published to celebrate the centenary of the opening of the first cable tram in Melbourne, 11/11/1885. Reviews the history of trams in Melbourne, cable trams, horse trams, Clapp, municipal tramways, electric trams, MMTB, buses, Preston Workshops, Wattle Park and the Metropolitan Transit Authority. Notes the MTA winning the tender to building the Kowloon - Canton Light Rail system and Melbourne's Automatic Vehicle Monitoring System. Has colour photos and sepia toned (black and white) photos throughout.trams, tramways, melbourne, mmtb, cable trams, mta, horse trams -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Badge - ATMOEA Union, K.G. Luke Melbourne, 1930's
ATMOEA Vic. Branch (Tramways Union) badge No. 1938. Badge made on a brass/gold backing with painted enamel on front. On central portion of the badge, had the ATMOEA logo, with words "Vic" with red enamel backing and on outer edge of badge "Aust Tramway & Motor Omnibus Employees Association" with a royal blue background. On back of badge has clip for fitting through an opening on a jacket or coat lapel. On top of back of badge has number stamped in "1938" and bottom words "K. G. Luke / Melb." indicating manufacture. See image files for front and back of badge.tramways, trams, unions, badges, atmoea, employees -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Darge No.1136, c1910
Black and white postcard printed photograph of the front of a Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Co. cable car with the photograph of an employee in uniform against a black background merged into the front of the cable tram between the roof uprights and the decorative front apron. "M. T & O Coy" have been printed on the destination panel. At base of card is "Darge Photo copyright No. 1136". On rear is printed Postcard, /Correspondence/Address Only. On side of card vertically is "DARGE, Photographer, 175 Collins St. Melbourne Vic." In position where stamp would go, in a square box repeated twice, are the words "KODAK AUSTRALIA", along with decorative scrolls. See btm632doc.pdf for historical note re print.Niltrams, tramways, melbourne, cable trams, darge photographer's, mtoco , tram cable car -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Rule Book, City of Ballaarat, "City of Ballaarat - Regulation No. 13", 1882
Rule book or printed set of Regulation contained within Reg. Item 2526, page 16, titled "City of Ballaarat - Regulation No. 13". Booklet comprises eight pages, pinned and glued into the book. Details the regulations prepared to regulate the operations and parking of Hackney Carriages and Borough Stage Coaches. Details carriage stage coach stands locations and parking rules around Ballarat, Sebastopol, Stands for Omnibuses, and Fares for Hackney Carriages, by distance, detention and by time. Passed by the Council of City of Ballaarat 30/1/1882 and Gazetted in the Victorian Govt. Gazette, page 290 on 3/2/1882. Note Item Not formally Numbered.trams, tramways, ballarat, hackney carriages, regulations, fares -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "Rules of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association", Mar. 1939
Demonstrates aspects of the Tramway Union (ATMOEA) management systems that would conform with the Australian Industrial laws of the time and how the union was operated (in theory)Sixty four page book within blue light card covers, titled "Rules of the Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association", dated march 1939. Gives information regarding name, constitution, object, membership, contributions, arrears, exemptions, resignation of members, Australian Council, Australian Executive, Officers, General Secretary, Treasurer, elections, Auditor, Trustees, Branches, Funds, Disputes, Agreements, Mutual Support, Branch Management and branch officer details, standing orders, motions, has index and supplementary information regarding the Victorian Branch. Object 3656 was found with this item - possibly recording who donated it originally - C. H. Lancaster, 801 Urquhart St Ballarat. Full scan of document added as a pdf file 5/6/2019. See also Reg Item 8078,1 for another copy.trams, tramways, atmoea, unions, rules -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "The Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association", "Agreement - Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong", 1955
Demonstrates aspects of the Tramway Union (ATMOEA) management the provided a copy of the Award in a printed form for the use of employees - applicable for Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo.Sixteen page book within pink light card covers, titled "The Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association" & "Agreement - Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong", dated Geelong 1955. Gives details of Tramways - SEC award 1955, covering duration of the award contract of employment, rates of pay, margins, additional rates, hours, shift work, overtime, holiday work, call forward and call back, spread of hours, Saturday and Sunday work, special night allowance, penalty rates, time allowances, attending, reporting, meals, acting out of grade, surpluses and shortages, annual leave, sick leave, free travel, uniforms, training, reports, union notices, punishments. Signed by E.W. Tonkin as Conciliation Commissioner. Full scan of document added as a pdf file 5/6/2019.trams, tramways, atmoea, unions, rules, geelong, ballarat, bendigo, awards -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Financial record - Receipt/s, Dave Kellett, payments of Union fees, mid 1960's
Has a strong association with tram crews and the trammies union - receipt for the payment of union fees - probably 3 weeks worth, given the holiday period.Receipt No. 35, dated 7/1/1971 torn from a receipt book. Written out for Dave Kellett, $1.20 and 60c, on a pounds shillings pence form, with a stamp of "The Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees' Association Ballarat Division". Indicates payments of Union fees.Handwriting - see image.trams, tramways, ballarat, employees, unions, receipts -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Folder with papers, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "State Electricity Commission ACTS", c1935
Brown manila folder, quarto size titled "State Electricity Commission ACTS". Folder of the type that would have inside a spring backed folder. On inside cover lists the Acts of the Victorian Parliament that were relevant to the SEC or a reference documents. These include Workers Compensation Act, Melbourne Electric Supply Co. Act, Carriages Act, Electric Light and Power Act, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Act, Motor Car Act, Motor Car Act, Motor Omnibus Act, State Electricity Commission Act, Tramways Act and Transport Regulation Act. Has ink additions of up to 1946. Older index sheet underneath. Gives Act Numbers and dates. On front cover in top left hand corner has "Deptl. Tramways Superintendent".trams, tramways, sec, acts of parliament, administration -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "The Tramway Record Vol. 54, No. 11, March 1992", Mar. 1992
Forty Four page, with glossy white cover and plain white paper inside - "The Tramway Record Vol. 54, No. 11 March. 1992" - with title in green ink and Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association logo on the front cover. Printed by the Victorian branch of the union. Features on the front cover a photo (see image) of the W7 1032. Other items featured are "Tram Stories" written by Frank Puls (Ballarat), pages 29 - 30, about his activities with the Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society, his liking for trams, training, incidents. Features a photo of Frank standing adjacent to No. 13 in Wendouree Parade and a photo taken on Christmas Day 1991, with an Explorer Coach driver. On page 31 - 36 traffic returns and wage comparisons over the years provided by Norm Maddock of The Tramway Museum, Stanhope St. Malvern. Shows cost of living adjustments to wages.trams, tramways, unions, melbourne, ballarat, btps, atmoea -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Rule Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Rules and Regulations", 30/05/1957 12:00:00 AM
Sixty eight page, sewn book within brown Rexene heavy card covers with printed self end papers. Titled "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board / Rules and Regulations / relating to drivers, conductors and employees concerned in any aspect of electric tram and motor omnibus operation." Dated 30/5/1957 Has stamped number "790" in bottom. Printing number 1/228. Provides for 226 General Rules - in four sections - General, Tram system only, Bus system only, Accident prevention and procedure (Tram and Bus), and By-Law Nos. 11 and 16, General and Lost property. On both inside covers are printed messages about wearing uniforms, being courteous and safety. On the back pages are printed Long Service Certificate and Certificate of Service. Has a number of amendments adhered to the relevant pages - rules 116, 144j, 15, 160, 216. "Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 308" in ink. trams, tramways, rules, regulations, by laws, mmtb, drivers, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Instruction Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Sections and Fares", Apr. 1940
Forty Eight page book sewn with end papers on a purple colour Rexene heavy card covers. Titled "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board / Electric Tramways and Motor Omnibuses. / Sections and Fares", April 1940. Details the sections and fares for each tram and bus route on the MMTB System. Page 2 has an index of routes, includes concession fares. General Instructions re fares, such as children, city concession, value tickets, round trip excursion, Scholars concession, excess luggage, newspapers, children carriages, dental centre scholars, swimming class, state schools, Post Office, Police Concession, special hospital tickets, visiting nurses, scouts, Sunday morning, family excursions, all night services and tourist trips."Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 311" in ink on inside sheet of cover. On inside front cover fare table drawn in pencil - very faint. trams, tramways, rules, instructions, mmtb, fares -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Instruction Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Sections and Fares", Aug. 1968
One Hundred & Eight (108) page book sewn with end papers on a grey colour Rexene heavy card covers. Titled "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board / Electric Tramways and Motor Omnibuses. / Sections and Fares / (Conductors) , / August 1966". Issued 14/8/1966, all decimal currency. Signed by R.C. Drummond, Traffic Manager. Details the sections and fares for each tram and bus route on the MMTB System in a tabular form. Page 5 has an index of routes, includes concession fares. General Instructions re fares, such as children, city concession, prepaid tickets, round trip excursion, Scholars concession, excess luggage, newspapers, children carriages, dental centre scholars, swimming class, state schools, Post Office, Police Concession, special hospital tickets, visiting nurses, scouts, Sunday morning, family excursions. all night services and Free Tramway Passes. Gives images of the type of pass, details of issued to, booklet passes, employees pass, blind persons, traffic officers, disabled soldiers, fare concession certificates, Special Metal "T" passes, seeing eye dogs. special prepaid tickets. Has some pasted in amendments.Some of the tables, first ones in the book have been marked with the stop numbers. trams, tramways, rules, instructions, mmtb, fares, conductors -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association (ATMOEA), "The Tramway Record Vol. 54, No. 16, Souvenir Edition 1993", 10/1993?
Yields information about working on trams in Melbourne and has a strong association with Frank Puls a BTM member.Fifty Two page, with glossy card cover and plain white paper inside - "The Tramway Record Vol. 54, No. 16 Souvenir Edition 1993" - with title in green and black ink and Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees Association logo on the front cover. Printed by the Victorian branch of the union. Features history of the Union, Retired Tramway Employees Association, Tow Away Zones, Further tram stories by Frank Puls, news from the depots, Jess Wilson, one of the first connies in Melbourne, Remembering the Records, and a list of past and present Secretaries. Frank Puls article on pages 9 and 10, stories of working on Melbourne trams and page 13, a photo of BTM Horse Tram No. 1trams, tramways, unions, melbourne, ballarat, btps -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Rules and Regulations", Nov. 1974
Demonstrates the method that the MMTB used to inform its tram and bus crews of the organisational rules and regulations in respect to the operation of the public transport service in Melbourne - mid 1970's.Book with light green Rexene covers, slightly rounded corners, six sections, sewn with self end papers, 104 pages, excluding end papers. Details the MMTB Rules and Regulations relating to drivers, conductors and employees concerned in any aspect of electric tram and motor omnibus operations. Issued with date Nov. 1974. Full scan of document (difficult to do a proper scan) added 29/5/2019.trams, tramways, mmtb rules, rules, drivers, conductors, buses -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Rules and Regulations", May. 1957
Book with brown Rexene covers, round corners, sewn down centre with self end papers, 68 pages, excluding end papers. Details the MMTB Rules and Regulations relating to drivers, conductors and employees concerned in any aspect of electric tram and motor omnibus operations. Issued with date 30/5/1957. Numbered on page 1 in black ink stamp "4538". Has a number of pencil, ink and printed amendments glued into the relevant part.trams, tramways, mmtb rules, rules, drivers, conductors, buses