scientific instrument, wave propagation, optics

When glass disc spins the line visible through the front slit shows the movement of waves - sound , lightWooden frame - solid front with window slit. Open back with wooden cross bar. Spinning glass disc with a continuous black circular line - varying widths. One red line in one section. Metal plate on front " MADE SPECIALLY FOR H.B.SILBERBERG & CO MELBOURNE"optics, nipkow disc, glass disc, wave movement, scientific instrument

Dark Blue synthetic hard caver book of 440 pages with gold lettering embossed on the spine. non-fictionelectricity, optics, force, electrostatic, charg and capacity, electric currents, magnetic field, alternating current circuits, electromagnetic waves, radiation, conduction, dielectrics, geometrical optics, interference, heat radiation, diffraction

This book of lectures on optics & geometry by Isaac Barrow, from 1674, was published in London in Latin to make it available to scholars across Europe. Isaac Barrow (1630-1677) was a graduate of Cambridge (BA 1649, MA 1652) and a mathematician. He became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge in 1663 and was tutor to Newton. This book includes Barrow's studies in geometric optics and the nature of light; material that would have encouraged Newton's better known research.This book has historical significance as it details the contemporary development of the knowledge of optics in the late 17th century. It is quite rare as no other copies are listed on WorldCat for Australia.Book, bound in full calf leather of the period, about optics and geometry by Isaac Barrow, in Latin. It has a title page, 12 introductory pages and 151 pages of text divided into 13 "lectures". There are 13 fold-out figures illustrating geometric constructs. It is in good condition except that the front cover is at present detached.optics, geometry, isaac barrow

This 300 year old book deals with the theory of light and colour and with investigations of the colours of thin sheets, 'Newton's rings', and diffraction of light. Newton uses a wave theory of light and his corpuscular theory to explain his observations. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) was a great figure in the history of optical science. His classic 'Opticks' was first published in English in 1704. This Latin edition of 1706 was published to satisfy a wider scientific audience in Europe. Newton was Lucasian Professor at Cambridge 1669-1693 and a fellow of Trinity College. He achieved fame as a creative mathematician and for his law of universal gravitation which explains planetary motions. He retired from research in 1693 to become a government official in London.This book is highly significant as a milestone in the study of optics. Although not a very rare book, only one other copy is listed by WorldCat in an Australian institution.Latin edition of Newton's 'Optics' translated by Samuel Clarke. This copy is bound in full calf leather of the period, 348 pages, with fold-out figures plus a 24 page appendix 'Enumeratio linearum tertii ordinis' and a 43 page appendix 'Tractus de quadratura curvarum'. It is in outstandingly good condition.Inscribed on the fly leaf in pencil is that this is the 2nd edition, the first in Latin, and that Newton gave Clarke 500 pounds for the translation.refraction, optics, newton, reflection

An optical table is a piece of equipment used for optics experiments and engineering. The Optical Bench is a less sophisticated piece of equipment used for simple experiments. Components such as light sources and lenses can be bolted down and easily shifted along the length of the rail.A solid wood board. A steel ruler scale on top, 0-30mm, mounted along one edge. Fixed along the opposite edge is a 10mm diam. steel bar, 41cm long.W.G. Pye & Co. Eng. Cambridge.physics, scientific instrument, optics, engineering, light sources, lenses, optical table

Metal sample holder for optics measurements with three circular, intertwined and moveable spheres.Logo and Cyrillic characters with 'No 650157' at top of holder.sample holder, russia, scientific equipment

Binoculars possible used by military personnel during the 2nd World War.The binoculars could have been used in the 2nd World War by Military Personnel.Black metal binoculars, the middle metal barrel of the binoculars are covered in leather. There is provision to adjust the optics and the the binoculars can be lengthened. The binoculars are in a brown leather case.There are no markings or makers details on the binoculars or the leather case.binoculars, military, 2nd world war.

1. Leather carry case with shoulder strap for carrying binoculars. 2. Binoculars with coated optic lens.1. “CASE CARRING M44 D-43813” 2. Left side: “BINOCULAR M15 HMR WESTINGHOUSE 1944” Right side: “THIS INSTRUMENT HAS "COATED OPTICS", CLEAN LENSES CAREFULLY 7 x 50”passchendaele barracks trust, carry case, binoculars

A glass prism of equilateral triangular shape mounted by a ball-joint to a vertical brass stand and brass base. scientific instrument, prism, optics

Binoculars (or field glasses) issued to service personnel during the Boer War era. Typical non-prismatic binocular design with a central thumb screw for adjustment of focal length. The tubular optics have a swivel action to adjust for eye width. There are sliding sun hoods on the large lenses. Manufactured from brass with leather grips and loops for attaching a carrying strap.Marked with the British Department of Defence arrowhead and has the following inscription "Mk V Special 2D998"

This book is the 1835 second edition of John Harrison Curtis' 1833 'A Treatise on the Physiology and Diseases of the Eye, containing a new mode of curing cataract without an operation, experiments and observations on vision, also on the inflection, reflection and colours of light together with remarks on the preservation of sight, and on spectacles, reading glasses etc'. The title page describes J H Curtis (1778-1860) as an oculist and also as an expert on the ear. His knowledge of eye pathology and surgery was poor but this was typical of the medical profession until the middle of the 19th century. He was 'aurist in ordinary' to His Majesty and other members of the royal family and his hospital and teaching appointments had more to do with the ear rather than the eye. The last pages of the book list his other publications most of which concern the ear and the deaf. He was the first person, in 1803, to apply speaking tubes to assist the deaf. He established the Royal Ear Hospital in Soho, UK in 1816.This book is of historic significance as it shows contemporary understanding of ocular pathology in the early nineteenth century. It is quite rare as no other copies of the second edition are known in Australia.'A Treatise on the Physiology and the Diseases of the Eye' by J H Curtis is book of 1835 bound in its original boards, in very good condition, 230 x 140 mm, 242 pages, second edition. There is a coloured plate facing the title page with three figures featuring an ingenious lift up section of a woman's face to show the blood vessels and nerves underneath. There is a philosophical introduction, a chapter on ocular anatomy, two chapters on diseases and their treatment, one on the nature of light and one on the preservation of vision. Cataract is treated by withdrawal of blood from behind the ear and the application of an ointment to an induced blister on the neck, with potash applied to the cornea daily.optics, ocular anatomy, ocular disease, physiology, cataract

It has been suggested that it is possibly part of the clockwork mechanism of the third order Fresnel lens, which was a component of the Chance Brothers lens system introduced to the lighthouse when the optics were upgraded in 1913, and subsequently removed in 1975. Further research may confirm its association with the lens and increase its heritage importance. The well-made brass fitting has second level significance as a possible former component of the clockwork mechanism manufactured by Chance Brothers in c.1912.Brass, round, knurled fitting.One end of the fitting has a cylindrical knob end with a smooth surface; the other has a broader cylindrical knob with a knurled surface to allow for gripping and turning.

Opera Glasses came into existence as a result of a long line of inventions, and further improvements upon those inventions. The process started in the year 1608 when a Dutch optician by the name of Hans Lipperhey developed the first pair of binoculars with a magnification capability of X3. Less than a year later, a well-known inventor and philosopher by the name of Galileo developed what became known as the Galilean telescope. Advertisements were first found for opera glasses and theatre binoculars in London as early as 1730 in the form of a long collapsible telescope. The "Opera Glass" as it was referred to; was often covered in enamel, gems, ivory, or other art and paintings. For almost 100 years opera glasses existed merely as telescopes. In Vienna, in 1823 the first binocular opera glasses and theatre binoculars began to appear. They were two simple Galilean telescopes with a bridge in the centre, each telescope focused independently from the other by extending or shortening the telescope until the desired focus was achieved, which was useful, yet very cumbersome. Two years later in Paris, Pierre Lemiere improved on this design and created a centre focus wheel. This allowed the focusing of both telescopes together. After this development, opera glasses and theatre binoculars grew in popularity because of the superior view they facilitated in opera and theatre houses. The beautiful design of the glasses themselves also added appeal to the opera-going crowd. By the 1850's opera glasses and theatre, glasses had become a must-have fashion accessory for all opera and theatergoers.Not very significant as not associated with a historic event or person and made during the first half of the 20th Century and many are still available and easily sourced.Vintage Pair of Opera Glasses, with cow bone barrels and eyepieces, both barrel pieces have split in them, both metal end barrels each have a minor dent, optics are pretty clear no mould although have very minor dust spots inside, they look like they were gilded at some point but most of this has rubbed off glasses have a black leather case with blue lining. No markings whatsoever anywhereflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, binoculars, opera glasses, theatre glasses, optical instrument, cow bone

This item was used before the flexible sigmoidoscope (1996) and before the introduction of fibre optics late 1900s. The 1900s saw an incredible leap forward in the field of medical procedures. The ability to visually see what was happening within the human body (in real time) provided greater analysis about certain biological abnormalities during a greater time elapse than before. This procedure involved less trauma to the patient and greater flexibility to the Physician in treatment schemes. The rigid signoidscope, however provided the first visual of the colon in situ, but was highly invasive to the patient.This item was used in the Mount Beauty Hospital for qualified Physicians to use in their diagnostic evaluation of patients. This would not be an instrument used by a General Physician. This item is still a internal observatory method which may, in some instances, cause some minor complications. This item does point to the level of medical diagnostics, equivalent to those available in larger towns and cities, which brings this rural area (once considered to be an isolated region) to a higher level of medical care.This rigid 35 cm long sigmoidoscope (internal probe) is made of stainless steel outer hollowed rounded rod, which permits the use of both a fixed (very thin) lighting rod and two flexible cord lights access. Both the lighting rod and the flexible lights can be lowered within the main rod to allow the physician to see the colon at the bottom of the rod.These items are all contained within a specifically inlaid wooden box. The box has separate open compartments for the main instruments and a small lidded compartment containing replacement light bulbs. The hollowed tube permits the physician to visually observe the signoid (an S shaped part) of the colon.On the stainless steel main rod body are engraved the lengths of the body,in centimetres ,with numbers starting at the five centimeter mark and then every five centimetres up to the thirty centimetre mark. On the front inside rim of the box are two inlaid white plastic strips with black print, "ALLEN & HANBURYS Ltd" and the other "LONDON"medical diagnostics, sigmoidoscope examinations, medical examinations, hospital equipment

Binoculars (or field glasses) used by the Japanese Army during World War 2. Prismatic binocular design with a magnification of 6 x 24degrees. Each eye piece is rotated for fine adjustment of focal length. The tubular optics have a swivel action to adjust for eye width. Manufactured from brass with leathered grips and loops for attaching a carrying strap (included). Finished with a gloss black paint. These binoculars are complete with a brown leather carrying case which has a strap attached for carrying and a belt loop at the rear. Japanese Kanji characters and the chrysanthemum symbol are stamped on the top of the leather case.The binocular body is stamped with the following "MUSASHINO" "TOKYO" "BRIGHTSUN" "6 x 24" "No 8540"

On 10/12/1942 near Gona whilst guiding the 39th battalion into a village Sgt Bob ISKOV and fellow soldier Lt Jack Schwind were confronted by three Japanese Officers and were given the order to shoot by their Battalion Commander. They were later identified as a Lieutenant Colonel and one a Major who had in their possession valuable documents including a Map of Darwin defenses. Robert Francis ISKOV VX15237 born at Glenrowan served with the 59th Battalion CMF before joining the 2/14th Battalion at Caulfield in September 1940. He disembarked for the Middle East in November, 1940 and fought in the Syrian campaign in 1941. In 1942 the 2/14th Battalion returned to Australia and sent to Papua where he fought at the Battle of Isurava before the battalion was sent to Gona. On 1943 Bob returned to Australia to undertake officer training and in 1945 with the 2/23rd Battalion sailed to Morotai and served with the battalion on Tarakan. He returned to Australia in November, 1945 and discharged a month later. Binoculars housed in brown leather case were removed from deceased Japanese Lt Colonel together with medal ribbons and valuable documents including Map of Darwin defenses. They were made by TOKO or Tokyo Optical Co a major military optics manufacturer for the Japanese military during WW2 Black painted metal binoculars originally covered in black leather with little remaining. The brown leather strap is well worn and missing stud fixing on right side.Magna 8x30 88711 To Ko Scale Field 7.5ww2, new guinea, gona, 39th battalion, sgt bob iskov, lt jack schwind, japanese binoculars, toko

On 10/12/1942 near Gona whilst guiding the 39th battalion into a village Sgt Bob ISKOV and fellow soldier Lt Jack Schwind were confronted by three Japanese Officers and were given the order to shoot by their Battalion Commander. They were later identified as a Lieutenant Colonel and one a Major who had in their possession valuable documents including a Map of Darwin defenses. Robert Francis ISKOV VX15237 born at Glenrowan served with the 59th Battalion CMF before joining the 2/14th Battalion at Caulfield in September 1940. He disembarked for the Middle East in November, 1940 and fought in the Syrian campaign in 1941. In 1942 the 2/14th Battalion returned to Australia and sent to Papua where he fought at the Battle of Isurava before the battalion was sent to Gona. On 1943 Bob returned to Australia to undertake officer training and in 1945 with the 2/23rd Battalion sailed to Morotai and served with the battalion on Tarakan. He returned to Australia in November, 1945 and discharged a month later. Binoculars housed in brown leather case were removed from deceased Japanese Lt Colonel together with medal ribbons and valuable documents including Map of Darwin defenses. They were made by TOKO or Tokyo Optical Co a major military optics manufacturer for the Japanese military during WW2 Brown leather look binocular case lined in brown colour cloth. Long narrow leather strap fixed along sides by leather secured in place by metal studs. Fitted lid is attached by leather strap fixed in place by four metal studs at rear. At front is a spring closing mechanism which is broken.ww2, new guinea, gona, 39th battalion, sgt bob iskov, lt jack schwind, japanese binoculars, toko

Before the introduction of electricity, lighthouses had a clockwork mechanism that caused the lens to rotate with a light source inside that was either powered by Kerosene or Colza oil. The mechanism consisted of a large weight attached by a cable through the centre of the lighthouse to the top where the cable wrapped around a barrel, drum or wheels that controlled the speed of the lights rotation by a clockwork mechanism. The keeper would crank the clockwork mechanism, which would lift the weight ready for the next cycle similar to an old grandfather clock mechanism. Once the weight lifted to its apex at the bottom of the first landing, the keeper would let it fall, which would pull on the cable, which would, in turn, operate a series of gears activating the rotation of the Fresnel optical lens, which would then rotate to create the lighthouse’s unique light speed of rotation characteristic. Creating a specific characteristic required a way to regulate the speed of the rotation, and was important as sailors could identify a particular light by its speed and time between flashes. The weight had to fall at a certain rate to create the proper rotation speed of the lens and a regulator within the mechanism accomplished this. History: From 1851, Chance Brothers became a major lighthouse engineering company, producing optical components, machinery, and other equipment for lighthouses around the world. James Timmins Chance pioneered placing lighthouse lamps inside a cage surrounded by Fresnel lenses to increase the available light output these cages, are known as optics and they revolutionised lighthouse design. Another important innovation from Chance Brothers was the introduction of rotating optics, allowing adjacent lighthouses to be distinguished from each other by the number of times per revolution the light flashes. The noted English physicist and engineer, John Hopkins invented this system while employed at Chance Brothers. Chance Brothers and Company was a glass works and originally based in Spon Lane, Smethwick, West Midlands England. The company became a leading glass manufacturer and a pioneer of British glass making technology. The Chance family originated in Bromsgrove as farmers and craftsmen before setting up a business in Smethwick near Birmingham in 1824. They took advantage of the skilled workers, canals and many other industrial advances taking place in the West Midlands at the time. Robert Lucas Chance (1782–1865), known as 'Lucas', bought the British Crown Glass Company's works in Spon Lane in 1824. The company specialised in making crown window glass, the company ran into difficulty and its survival was guaranteed in 1832 by investment from Chance's brother, William (1788 – 1856). William owned an iron factoring business in Great Charles Street, Birmingham. After a previous partnership that Lucas had dissolved in 1836, Lucas and William Chance became partners in the business which was renamed, Chance Brothers and Company. Chance Brothers invented many innovative processes and became known as the greatest glass manufacturer in Britain. In 1848 under the supervision of Georges Bontemps, a French glass maker from Choosy-le-Roi, a new plant was set up to manufacture crown and flint glass for lighthouse optics, telescopes and cameras. Bontemps agreed to share his processes that up to then had been secret with the Chance Brothers and stayed in England to collaborate with them for six years. In 1900 a baronetcy was created for James Timmins Chance (1814–1902), a grandson of William Chance, who had started the family business in 1771 with his brother Robert. Roberts grandson, James became head of Chance Brothers until his retirement in 1889 when the company became a public company and its name changed to Chance Brothers & Co. Ltd. Additional information: Lighthouses are equipped with unique light characteristic or flashing pattern that sailors can use to identify specific lighthouses during the night. Lighthouses can achieve distinctive light characteristics in a few different ways. A lighthouse can flash, which is when brief periods of light interrupt longer moments of darkness. The light can occult, which is when brief periods of darkness interrupt longer moments of light. The light can be fixed, which is when the light never goes dark. A lighthouse can use a combination of flashing, oscillating, or being fixed in a variety of combinations and intervals to create individual light characteristics. It is a common misconception that a lighthouse's light source changes the intensity to create a light characteristic. The light source remains constant and the rotating Fresnel lens creates the various changes in appearance. Some Fresnel lenses have "bulls-eye" panels create beams of light that, when rotated between the light and the observer, make the light appear to flash. Conversely, some lenses have metal panels that, when rotated between the light and the observer, make the light appear to go dark. This Dioptric clockwork apparatus used to turn a lighthouse optical lens is very significant as it is integral to a lighthouses operation, we can also look at the social aspect of lighthouses as being traditionally rich with symbolism and conceptual meanings. Lighthouses illustrate social concepts such as danger, risk, adversity, challenge and vigilance but they also offers guidance, salvation and safety. The glowing lamp reminds sailors that security and home are well within reach, they also symbolize the way forward and help in navigating our way through rough waters not just on the oceans of the world but in our personal lives be it financial, personal, business or spiritual in nature. Nothing else speaks of safety and security in the face of adversity and challenge quite the way a lighthouse does. Revolving dioptric clockwork apparatus used to turn a Fresnel optical lighthouse lens. A cylindrical cast metal pillar and cabinet painted green with 3 glass doors enclosing the top section. Inside the pillar/cabinet is a large clockwork mechanism used to turn and regulate a lighthouse light by means of weights and a chain attached to same. One door has the name "Adams Mare" in metallic dots similar to "Braille" to the inside edge of door frame.shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, flagstaff hill, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, revolving dioptric mechanism, dioptric mechanism for lighthouse, lighthouse clockwork timing mechanism, acetylene lighthouse light mechanism, 19th century lighthouse mechanism, kerosene light, fresnel lenses, colza oil, chance brothers

The discovery of the first telescope in 1608 can be attributed to Hans Lippershey of the Netherlands when he discovers that holding two lenses up some distance apart bring objects closer. He applies for a patent on his invention and this becomes the first documented creation of a telescope. Then in 1668, Newton produces the first successful reflecting telescope using a two-inch diameter concave spherical mirror. This opened the door to magnifying objects millions of times far beyond what could ever be obtained with a lens. It wasn’t until 1729 that Chester Moor Hall develops an achromatic lens (two pieces of glass with different indices of light refraction combined produce a lens that can focus colours to almost an exact point resulting in much sharper images but still with some distortion around the edges of the image. Then in 1729 Scottish instrument maker James Short invents the first parabolic and elliptic, distortion-less mirror ideal for reflecting telescopes. We now come to John Dollond who improves upon the achromatic objective lens by placing a concave flint glass lens between two convex crown glass lenses. This had the effect of improving the image considerably. Makers Information: John Dollond (1707-1761) London England he was a maker of optical and astronomical instruments who developed an achromatic (non-colour distorting) refracting telescope and practical heliometer. A telescope that used a divided lens to measure the Sun’s diameter and the angles between celestial bodies. The son of a Huguenot refugees Dollond learned the family trade of silk weaving. He became proficient in optics and astronomy and in 1752 his eldest son, Peter joined his father in an optical business, in 1753 he introduced the heliometer. In the same year, he also took out a patent on his new lenses. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in May 1761 but died suddenly in November and his share in the patent passed to his son Peter. In subsequent squabbles between Peter and the many London opticians who challenged his patent, Peter’s consistent position was that, whatever precedents there may have been to his achromatic lenses, his father had independently reached his practical technique on the basis of his theoretical command of Newtonian optics. As a result of maintaining his fathers patent, Dollond s became the leading manufacturer of optical instruments. For a time in the eighteenth and nineteenth century the word 'Dollond' was almost a generic term for telescope rather like 'Hoover; is to vacuum cleaner. Genuine Dollond telescopes were considered to be amongst the best. Peter Dollond (1731-1820) was the business brain behind the company which he founded in Vine Street, Spitalfields in 1750 and in 1752 moved the business to the Strand London. The Dollonds seem to have made both types of telescopes (reflecting and refracting), possessing the technology to produce significant numbers of lenses free of chromatic aberration for refracting telescopes. A Dollond telescope sailed with Captain Cook in 1769 on his voyage to observe the Transit of Venus. Thomas Jefferson and Admiral Lord Nelson were also customers of the Dollonds. Dollond & Co merged with Aitchison & Co in 1927 to form Dollond & Aitchison, the well-known high street chain of opticians, now fully part of Boots Opticians. They no longer manufacture but are exclusively a retail operation.    John Dollond's experiments in optics and how different combinations of lenses refract light and colour gave a better understanding of the divergent properties of lenses. That went on to inform and pave the way for the improvement of our understanding of optics that are represented today. Dollond was referred to in his time as the "Father of practical optics" as a leader in his field he received many prestigious awards. The telescope in the collection is a good example of one of Dollonds early library telescopes and its connection with one of England's 18th-century pioneers in optical development is in itself a significant and an important item to have within the collection. Telescope: one tube ships Day and Night telescope, with a brass inner tube and a timber main tube covered in leather. Made in 1869 by Dolland, London."Dolland London" "Day or Night" "Royal National Life Boat Institution" "1869"flagstaff hill, shipwreck coast, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, telescope, dolland, night and day, royal national life boat instution

This Day or Night telescope, made by John Dollond, was designed for use in a range of lighting conditions, as its name suggests. Telescopes are optical instruments that make distant objects appear larger and closer, thereby extending the range of what the human eye can observe. The development of the telescope was gradual, shaped by a series of important advances in optical science. In 1608, the Dutch spectacle-maker Hans Lippershey discovered that when two lenses were held apart in a particular way, distant objects appeared closer. He applied for a patent for this invention, creating the first documented telescope. In 1668, Isaac Newton produced the first successful reflecting telescope, using a two-inch concave spherical mirror. This marked a major step forward, demonstrating that mirrors could overcome some of the limitations of lenses and greatly improve magnification. Further progress followed in the eighteenth century. In 1729, Chester Moor Hall developed the achromatic lens by combining two types of glass with different refractive properties. This reduced colour distortion and produced a sharper image, although some edge distortion remained. That same year, the Scottish instrument maker James Short developed parabolic and elliptical mirrors that were better suited to reflecting telescopes because they reduced optical distortion. Building on these advances, John Dollond improved the achromatic objective lens by placing a concave flint-glass lens between two convex crown-glass lenses, considerably enhancing image quality. Maker’s information. John Dollond (1707–1761), of London, was a maker of optical, scientific and astronomical instruments best known for developing the achromatic refracting telescope. He also introduced a practical heliometer, a telescope fitted with a divided lens that could be used to measure the Sun’s diameter and the angular distance between celestial bodies. The son of Huguenot refugees, Dollond first learned the family trade of silk weaving before turning his attention to optics and astronomy, in which he became highly skilled. In 1753, Dollond patented his improved lenses, the same year he had introduced the heliometer. In 1761, John Dollond was appointed as optician to George III and the Duke of York. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1761, but died suddenly later that year in November. His share of the patent then passed to his eldest son, Peter. In later disputes between Peter Dollond and rival London opticians who challenged the patent, Peter consistently argued that, whatever earlier precedents may have existed, his father had independently developed a practical method for producing achromatic lenses through his command of Newtonian optics. By successfully defending the patent, the Dollond firm became one of the leading manufacturers of optical instruments. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the name ‘Dollond’ was at times used almost generically to mean ‘telescope,’ reflecting the firm’s reputation. Genuine Dollond telescopes were regarded as among the finest available. Peter Dollond (1731–1820) was the driving force behind the family business. He had founded a small optical business in 1750 on Vine Street, Halton Garden, with his father's guidance. The success of the business led to his father joining him in partnership in 1752. In 1959, J Dollond and Son opened a shop on The Strand, London. Dollonds appear to have produced both reflecting and refracting telescopes, and they possessed the technical skill to manufacture significant numbers of lenses largely free from chromatic aberration. In 1766, Peter went into partnership with his younger brother, John, and they traded under the name P and J Dollond. They supplied optical instruments for Captain Cook and George Hadley, an English lawyer and Meteorologist. In 1769, Captain Cook travelled with a Dollond telescope on the voyage to observe the Transit of Venus. Other notable customers included Thomas Jefferson and Admiral Lord Nelson. In 1781, Peter Dollond made bifocal spectacles. In 1804, young John Dollond passed away. The following year, Peter Dollond went into partnership with his nephew, George Huggins, and Huggins legally changed his surname to Dollond, and the firm remained P and J Dollond. In the early 20th century, the company sold film cameras. The firm remained in the hands of Dollond family members until 1927, when Dollond & Co. merged with James Aitchison & Co. to form Dollond & Aitchison, the well-known high street chain of opticians, which continued making and selling prescription spectacles. Now fully part of Boots Opticians, the company no longer manufactures instruments and operates exclusively as a retail business. The telescope in the collection is an excellent example of one of Dollond’s early library telescopes. Its association with one of eighteenth-century England’s leading innovators in optical development gives it considerable historical significance and makes it an important object within the collection. John Dollond’s experiments in optics advanced the understanding of the divergent properties of lenses and made a lasting contribution to the development of practical optical science. His work helped lay the foundation for major improvements in the design and performance of optical instruments. In his own time, Dollond was celebrated as the “Father of practical optics” and received widespread recognition for his achievements in the field. Dollond telescopes were associated with the renowned mariners, Captain James Cook and Admiral Lord Nelson Telescope: Dollond's Telescope, Day or Night model navigational instrument. Telescope is mounted on wooden tripod stand that has folding legs. Brass telescope with leather sheath over barrel, adjustable angle fitting with brass wing nuts that join the legs to the top frame, which is then joined to the telescope pole by an adjustable screw fitting. Manufactured by Dollond, London. Inscription reads "Dollond London, Day or Night" and "DOLLOND LONDON"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, warrnambool, optical instrument, achromatic telescope, heliometer, light refraction, instrument maker, lens, transit of venus, astronomical telescope, concave lens, scientific instrument, navigation, navigational instrument, astronomy, dollond, dollond london, john dollond, peter dollond, dollond telescope, day or night telescope, floor-standing telescope, library telescope, hans lippershey, isaac newton, chester moor hall, james short, captain cook, thomas jefferson, admiral lord nelson, dollond & co, aitchison & co, dollond & aitchison, boots opticians, george iii, duke of york, george huggins, george dollond, p and j dollond, j dollond and son, spectacles, cameras

This collection of three photos of the Australian information Technology Award (AITA) won by the Royal Australian Survey Corps (RA Svy) AUTOMAP 2 computer-based map production system, was taken in 1984 at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. The following article appeared in the ARMY Newspaper on Thursday 21st February 1985. ‘In computerised map production. Survey soldiers lead the world. BENDIGO: Army surveyors have been put on the map as world leaders in computerised map production following the Australian information Technology Awards. RA Svy won the Computer Assisted Draughting – Mapping section for its Automap II System which has created considerable interest among overseas defence experts. The award for the digital mapping system was accepted by OC Air Survey Sqn, MAJ Rob John, who said it was a great morale-booster for the soldiers of the Bonegilla (sic)* -based Army Survey Regiment. "Setting up a state-of-the-art system like Automap II. is an enormous task, " he said. "We started in August 1983 and it's only recently that we have achieved production results. "We were all very pleased to have our efforts recognised in this way. “Of course, credit must also go to the Intergraph Corporation for manufacturing the system and carrying out most of the development." RA Svy is responsible for producing all of Australia's maps used for defence purposes. Its topographical maps have a scale of 1:50,000 or 1:100,000 although Automap II has the capability of producing smaller scale maps - down to 1: 2,000,000. Automap II consists of three computers and three sub-systems: input, raster scanning, and graphic edit. The input sub-system has eight stereo plotters, two interactive graphic workstations and a system manager workstation. The stereo plotters use superimposition optics to digitise features from aerial photographs. It incorporates a voice recognition system so the operator can simply say "House", "Windmill", etc; and the relevant feature will be incorporated in the digital picture. Individual map separations are scanned and converted by the raster scanning sub-system to a digital raster image. This image is then converted to a graphics file in Intergraph format.’ *Note – the Army Survey Regiment was located in Bendigo, not Bonegilla as incorrectly stated in the article. The article appears on Page 137 of Valerie Lovejoy’s book 'Mapmakers of Fortuna – A history of the Army Survey Regiment’ ISBN: 0-646-42120-4. Additional history of the AUTOMAP 2 system with historic photographs is covered in pages 119, 137-143 and 157 of the 'Mapmakers of Fortuna’ book. See item 6223.23P for additional history and photographs of the AUTOMAP 2 system.This collection of three photos of the Australian information Technology Award (AITA) won by the Royal Australian Survey Corps (RA Svy)’s AUTOMAP 2 computer-based map production system, was taken in 1984 at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. The photographs are printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The black and white photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, black & white, 1984, AITA Award sitting between the dual screens of an AUTOMAP 2 Graphic Edit Workstation. .2) - Photo, black & white, 1984, MAJ Job Johns (centre) and two of Intergraph Corporation IT engineers proudly hold the AITA Award next to an AUTOMAP 2 Graphic Edit Workstation. .3) - Photo, black & white, 1984, The AITA Award displayed on a pedestal in the Army Survey Regiment Officers Mess. .1P to .3P –No personnel are identified. ‘AITI Award to AUTOMAP II 1984’ annotated on cover sleeve. royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna

This telescope was amongst various items collected from a sea dive in Port Phillip Bay. The diver was the caretaker of the Port Lonsdale Lighthouse, who dived on various wrecks in the bay during the 1960's. After the caretaker's death, his son sold off many of the shipwreck artefacts. The telescope was purchased from the caretaker's son in the 1990's by a previous owner of the Marine Shop, Queenscliff, Victoria. John Browning was particularly well known for his scientific advances in the fields of spectroscopy, astronomy, and optometry. Between 1856 and 1872, Browning acquired provisional patents for designs of numerous scientific instruments. He was also the recipient of an award at the 1862 International Exhibition held in London. Also recognised for his temperature-compensated aneroid barometer. Browning's scientific instruments were used in physics, chemistry, and biology. The products he designed and manufactured included spectroscopes, telescopes, microscopes, barometers, photometers, cameras, ophthalmologist, and electrical equipment such as electric lamps. John Browning was born around 1831 in Kent, England. His father, William Spencer Browning, was a maker of nautical instruments. John Browning's great-grandfather was also an instrument maker as well as John’s brother Samuel Browning of the firms Spencer & Browning and Spencer, Browning & Rust, who also manufactured navigational instruments. The latter firm was in operation in London from 1784 to 1840 and was succeeded by the firm of Spencer, Browning & Co. John Browning initially intended to follow the medical profession and entered Guy's Hospital, a teaching hospital and a school of medicine. Despite having passed the required examinations, however, he abandoned his plans. Instead, he apprenticed with his father, William Spencer Browning. At the same time, in the late 1840s, he was a student attending the Royal College of Chemistry several days per week. By the early 1870s, practical optics had become John Browning's primary interest, and he listed his occupation as an optician on the census records from 1871 to 1901. He was well known among London's ophthalmic surgeons for his various ophthalmic instruments. He had a large part in reforming the art of crafting spectacles. Other achievements were as an author of the book, How to Use Our Eyes and How to Preserve them by the Aid of Spectacles. Published in 1883, the book included thirty-seven illustrations, including a diagram demonstrating the anatomy of the eye. In 1895, he was one of the founders of the "British Ophthalmology" the first professional organisation for optometry. He was not only its first president but also registered as its first member so many considered him to be the first professional optometrist. Other professional organisations he belonged too was as a member of “The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain”. In 1871 constructing the first wind tunnel located at Greenwich Marine Engineering Works. He was also a member of other scientific organisations, such as the “Microscopical Society of London”, the “Meteorological Society”, and the “Royal”. Then in 1908 the company of W. Watson & Son, opticians and camera makers, took over John Browning's company since 1901 John Browning had been semi-retired but in 1908 he fully retired and moved to Bournemouth in Hampshire. He died in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire in 1925.The telescope is significant for its association with one of the world’s leading scientific instrument makers and inventor of the 19th and early 20th century. It is believed the donation came off a wreck either in Port Philip Bay or between Point Lonsdale and the Nepean Heads making it a significant maritime historical artefact. Its provenance is good given it was taken off a wreck in this area by the Point Lonsdale lighthouse caretaker. Examples of John Browning's telescopes because of their scientific and historical importance are highly valued by collectors.Marine style single draw brass telescope with a sunshade. The single draw has no split and the second cartridge is held in a long brass tube within the single draw, mounted from the objective end. The eyepiece is flat and at the end of the first draw in a very faded engraving that is believed to read "John Browning, 63 Strand, and should read London under the word strand but this is hard to establish given the engravings condition. This interpretation of the engraving has been arrived at by examination of other John Browning telescope engraving examples."John Browning, engraved to the first tube in copper plate style "63 STRAND" Engraved under in capital textflagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, shipwreck artefact, port phillip bay, port lonsdale lighthouse, wreck, 1960’s diver, queenscliff marine shop, john browning, telescope, spectroscopy, optometry, scientific instruments, william spencer browning, optician, navigational instrument, microscopical society of london, aeronautical society, marine technology

This set of 43 photographs was taken in August 1990 during the Australian Army Chief of the General Staff (CGS) and Regimental Sergeant-Major of the Australian Army (RSM-A) visit to the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. Lieutenant General Henry John Coates AC MBE was a senior officer in the Australian Army who served as Chief of the General Staff from 1990 to 1992. RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM was the 2nd RSM to be appointed to the position of RSM-A, the most senior Warrant Officer position in the Australian Army. His appointment was from 1987 to 1990. The name of the CGS’s aide de camp officer is unknown. The CGS and RSM-A visit to the Army Survey Regiment is covered on page 145 of Valerie Lovejoy’s book 'Mapmakers of Fortuna – A history of the Army Survey Regiment’ ISBN: 0-646-42120-4. See Item 6154.6P for additional photos taken during the visit.This is a set of 43 photographs taken on the occasion of the Chief of the General Staff - Lieutenant General Henry John Coates AC MBE visit to the Army Survey Regiment, Bendigo in August 1990. Colour photographs are on 35mm negative film and scanned at 2400 dpi. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. .1) - Photo, colour, 1990. Arrival of the CGS at Fortuna Villa. L to R: unidentified RACT driver, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol., unidentified aide de camp officer. .2) - Photo, colour, 1990. The CGS’s staff car, noting the 3 stars on red plate below the number plate. .3) - Photo, colour, 1990. Partners accompanying the tour delegation arrive at Fortuna Villa. Mrs Ruth van den Tol is 2nd from right, remainder unidentified. .4) - Photo, colour, 1990. The visitors gather at Fortuna Villa’s front steps. L to R: unidentified (x2), RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, unidentified (x2), Mrs Ruth van den Tol, unidentified. In background L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol. .5) - Photo, colour, 1990. The visitors gather at Fortuna Villa’s front steps. L to R: RSM WO1 Neville Stone, unidentified, RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, Mrs Ruth van den Tol, unidentified (x2). .6) - Photo, colour, 1990. The visitors gather at Fortuna Villa’s front steps. L to R: unidentified, RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, Mrs Ruth van den Tol, unidentified (x4). In background – RSM WO1 Neville Stone. .7) - Photo, colour, 1990. The visitors gather at Fortuna Villa’s front steps. L to R: RSM WO1 Neville Stone. unidentified, RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, unidentified (x4). Mrs Ruth van den Tol. .8) - Photo, colour, 1990. At Fortuna Villa’s front steps. L to R: RSM WO1 Neville Stone. RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM. .9) - Photo, colour, 1990. CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol at left invites CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE to sign the Visitors’ Book outside the Messes. .10) - Photo, colour, 1990. Production Control Office. L to R: CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol, CAPT Roger Hancock, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, WO1 Colin Cuskelly. .11) - Photo, colour, 1990. Fortuna Villa Historic Tour. Unidentified visitors in the entrance foyer guided by CPL Le-Anne (Smallshaw) Shirley at far right. Mrs Ruth van den Tol faces the camera. .12) - Photo, colour, 1990. Descending the external stairway L to R: 2IC Maj Duncan Burns, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, unidentified aide de camp officer, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol. .13) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron brief L to R: LT Simon Buckpitt, OC MAJ Peter Clark, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, unidentified aide de camp officer. .14) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron tour. CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE watches as CPL Darren Wilkinson operates a B8 stereo plotter on the AUTOMAP 2 system. .15) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron tour. CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE views stereo aerial photography on a Wild B8 stereo plotter. .16) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron tour. L to R: SSGT Andy Boath guides the CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE’s operation of a Wild B8 stereo plotter fitted with dual optics on the AUTOMAP 2 system. .17) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron tour. L to R: SSGT Andy Boath explains a AUTOMAP 2 system feature coding menu to the CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE next to a Wild B8 stereo plotter. .18) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron tour. L to R: SPR Paula (Golding) Brinsmead explains off-table map editing procedure to RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM. RSM WO1 Neville Stone stands on the background. .19) - Photo, colour, 1990. Air Survey Squadron tour. L to R: SPR Paula (Golding) Brinsmead explains off-table map editing procedure to RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM. .20) - Photo, colour, 1990. Cartographic Squadron brief. L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, CAPT Dave McLachlan, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol. .21) - Photo, colour, 1990. Cartographic Squadron tour. SPR Ian Baldwin demonstrates AUTOMAP 2 system cartographic editing on a Graphic Editing Workstation. Standing L to R: CAPT Dave McLachlan, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol. .22) - Photo, colour, 1990. Cartographic Squadron tour. AUTOMAP 2 system cartographic editing demonstrated on a Graphic Editing Workstation. Standing L to R: LT Steve Hledik, unidentified aide de camp officer CAPT Dave McLachlan, 2IC MAJ Duncan Burns, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE. .23) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron brief. L to R: OC MAJ Bob Coote, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE. .24) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. Aerial photograph film processing brief. L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE. OC MAJ Bob Coote, LT Marty Lyons in background. .25) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. Map separation film processing brief. L to R: OC MAJ Bob Coote, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE. .26) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. Production of an orthophotomap proof brief. L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE. OC MAJ Bob Coote .27) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. KLIMCH large format camera brief. L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, WO1 Bill Jones. .28) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. KLIMCH large format camera brief. L to R: CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE. .29) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. KLIMCH large format camera brief. L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, WO1 Bill Jones, SPR Gavin Craggs. .30) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. Film enlargement/reduction process brief. L to R: WO1 Bill Jones, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, OC MAJ Bob Coote. Unidentified aide de camp officer, 2IC MAJ Duncan Burns in background. .31) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. Colour topographic map proof production brief. L to R: OC MAJ Bob Coote, CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, WO1 Bill Jones. .32) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. L to R: CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, OC MAJ Bob Coote. .33) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron entrance. L to R: RSM WO1 Neville Stone, RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, unidentified, WO2 Rob Bogimul. .34) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron entrance. L to R: RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM. .35) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron entrance. L to R: RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, WO2 Rob Bogimul. .36) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron entrance. L to R: RSM WO1 Neville Stone, RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, WO2 Rob Bogimul. .37) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron tour. Print Room introductions. L to R: in background – WO2 Rob Bogimul, Unidentified aide de camp officer. In foreground - CGS LTGEN John Coates AC MBE, OC MAJ Bob Coote, WO2 Jeff Willey, 2IC MAJ Duncan Burns. .38) & .39) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron. RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM addresses Army Survey Regiment personnel in the Print Room. .40) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron. Presentation of the Army Survey Regiment unit plaque. L to R: RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM, RSM WO1 Neville Stone. .41) to .43) - Photo, colour, 1990. Lithographic Squadron. RSM-A WO1 Kevin ‘Lofty’ Wendt OAM BEM addresses Army Survey Regiment personnel in the Print Room..1P to .43P – Not annotated. Stored with ‘CMDR 3MD Visit Mar 90’ film negative sleeve sets.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna

Introduction by Drew Middleton."Smart bombs" - remotely piloed munitions, operated by electro-optics and laser guides, able to knock out heavily-defenced bridges from miles away.vietnam war, 1961-1975 - aerial operations - american