An hourglass or sandglass is an instrument for measuring a defined time and can be used perpetually by simply turning it over immediately the top bulb empties. The clear blown glass is shaped into two equal sized bulbs with a narrow passage in the centre and contains uniform sized sand or glass particles in the lower bulb. The width of the neck regulates the constant flow of the particles. The glass is held in a stand with top and bottom of equal shape and size. Hourglasses can measure an infinite variety of time by gauging the size of the particles, the shape and size of the bulbs and the size of the passage between the bulbs, thus measuring hours or minutes or even seconds. Generally an hourglass sits between discs of wood at the ends, which are joined by long wooden spindles between the ends and tightened by screw caps. The length of time can be adjusted by adding or removing sand particles. The use of the marine sandglass (or hourglass) has been recorded in the 14th century in European shipping. A one minute sandglass was used in conjunction with the ship’s log for ‘dead reckoning’, (see below) that is, for measuring the ship’s speed through the water. They were also used to regulate ringing the ship’s timetable; for example a 4 hour sandglass was used for the length of the sailors’ watch, and a half hour timer for taking of readings for the ship’s log; the ship’s bell would be rung every half hour. It was usually the role of the cabin boy to watch and turn the sandglasses over at the exact time of them emptying their upper chambers and to ring the ship’s bell. Hourglasses have been used historically for many hundreds of years. Some have been used for timing church sermons, in cooking, in industry and at sea. Even today they are used for measuring the cooking time of eggs and timing a player’s turn in games such as Boggle and Pictionary. The sandglasses at sea were gradually replaced in the late 1700’s to early 1800’s by the more accurate chronometers (marine clocks) when they became reliable instruments. DEAD RECKONING (or Deduced Reckoning) Dead reckoning is the term used to describe the method of calculating the ship’s position from its speed and direction, used in early maritime travel, mostly in European waters. Both the (1) speed and the (2) direction of travel were recorded on a Traverse Board at half-hourly intervals during a helmsman’s watch of 4 hours. The navigator would record the readings in his ship’s log, plot them on his navigational chart and give his updated course directions to the next helmsman on watch, along with the cleared Traverse Board. This was a very approximate, but none-the-less helpful, method of navigation. The wooden Traverse Board was a simple pegboard with a diagram of a compass with eight peg holes along the radius to each of the compass points, plus a grid with ascending half hours in the left column and increasing ship’s speed in knots in a row across the column headings, with a peg hole in each of the intersecting cells. A number of wooden pegs were attached to strings on the board. By placing one peg consecutively in the direction’s radius hole, starting from the centre, and the speed holes when the half hourly reading was taken, a picture of speed and direction for the whole 4 hour watch was created. (1) To measure the ship’s speed a one minute hourglass timer was usually used to measure the ship’s speed through the water and help to calculate its longitude. A rope, with knots at regular standard intervals and a weight such as a log at the end, would be thrown overboard at the stern of the ship. At the same time the hourglass would be turned over and a seaman would start counting the number of knots on the rope that passed freely through his hands as the ship travelled. When the timer ran out the counting would be stopped. A timer of one minute (one-sixtieth of an hour), knots spaced one-sixtieth of a nautical mile apart, and simple arithmetic easily gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour ("knots"). This would be recorded every half hour. The speed could however be inaccurate to the travel being affected by ocean currents and wind. (2) To calculate the ship’s direction a compass sighting would be recorded each half hour.Marine hourglasses or sandglasses were used from around the 14th to 19th century during the time of sailing ships. This hourglass is representative of that era, which is during the time of the colonisation of Australia. Hourglass or sandglass; an instrument used to measure time. Two equal sized clear glass bulbs joined with a narrow passage between them, containing equal sized particles of sand grains in lower bulb. Glass sits in a brass collar at each end, in a frame comprising 3 decorative brass columns or posts, each attached top and bottom, using round screw-on feet, to round brass discs. Disc have Roman numerals for the numbers 1 - 12 pressed into their inner surfaces and hieroglyphics on the outer surfaces. Roman numerals on inner surface of discs " I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII " Hieroglyphics impressed on outer surface of discsflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, horology, hourglass, hour glass, sandglass, sand glass, timing instrument, dead reckoning, deduced reckoning, finding latitude at sea, sandglass with hieroglyphics and roman numerals, hourglass with hieroglyphics and roman numerals, brass hourglass

The plate has been used as a school teaching implement in English & Spelling and MathematicsThe plate has been designed for dual use in a school, to tutor children alphabet and mathematical concepts, while at the same time being used as a domestic eating plate.Small white plate with dark green alphabet and numbers around the plate. In the middle there a clock with Roman numeralsOn the back of the plate there is a dark green, round inscription with the words "Trade Mark" " School" and the maker B & K LTDalphabet, counting, plate, numerals, school, clock, roman numerals, crockery

Home made emblem of 3rd Division created by RAASC Servicemen.Metal black sign with sticker of 3rd Division attached. Sticker is red background with gold crossed swords. No. 3 in Roman numerals at bottom. Rising Sun emblem in gold at top.Crossed swords, No 3 in Roman numerals and Rising Sun emblem.sign, raasc, 3rd div, passchendaele barracks trust

This clock is of modern manufacture, replicating the design of early 20th century kitchen clocks.The kitchen wall clock is displayed as an example of an early 20th-century clock. It is used to demonstrate the progression of clock design over the past century. Clock, wall type, octagonal shape wood case, glass face, pendulum, Roman numerals, hinged door, battery operated. Inscription on dial and inside battery compartment. Japanese manufacture.On dial :"Security". Inside case "Made in Japan"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, wall clock, replica, japan, kitchen clock, security, horology, time keeping, roman numerals

The brass wall clock retains its key. It was provided by the Department of Shipping and Transport in about 1900 and is original to the lightstation. It was mounted in the watchroom, a small extension at the front of the lighthouse (later radar station), where lightkeepers completed many of their reports and recorded radio schedules, weather observations, distress calls and other data. Good, reliable clocks were also essential for maintaining a strict roster of hours for winding the clockwork mechanism that kept the lens active. The name of the clock’s manufacturer has not been determined. More specifically it was used for logging radio schedules that were made at five minutes to midday, everyday, and for recording the times of weather observations, distress and any other calls that came in. AMSA notes that ‘Lightkeepers who used this clock were said to have polished and wound it every week while it was in use until the 1990s when its otherwise impeccable time keeping mechanisms finally became inaccurate’.The brass clock at Wilsons Promontory illustrates the importance of timekeeping in a nineteenth century lighthouse. Despite its slightly chipped face, the timepiece has first level contributory significance for its historic association with the watch room and confirmed provenance. The significance of this clock also lies with its complete provenance..1. Brass clock with a circular white face and black roman numerals. Three brackets at back to attach to wall. Face of clock is covered by a hinged glass cover with a fastener. .2. key. Roman numerals on face of main clock. "1-12" On inner dial "10-20-30-40-50-60"

Detailed model of a corvette model ship painted grey, black and red. Its anchor and rudder are moveable.Roman numerals VIII-XIship model

Dark wooden mantel clock with cream face with Roman numerals.horology, clocks

The clock has been at Athenaeum since it was donated by Mr. Robert Chamberlain in 1892. Restored by George Premm in 2000 when the clock face was replaced.Octagonal wooden framed wall clockRoman numerals for time and 31 numbers on the outer face for days of the month

John Gall Mainlands father John Mainland Snr. was born in 1835 in the town of Lerwick in the Shetland Isles off the coast of Scotland. At the age of fifteen, he migrated to the South Island of New Zealand where he trained as a carpenter/builder after settling in Oamaru where he soon became a prominent citizen. He was for many years the Chairman of the Hospital Board and Captain of the fire brigade (which he founded). Mary Gall, Johns wife had also migrated with her family from Glasgow Scotland in 1837 at the age of thirteen to New Zealand where she had met and married John Mainland and in 1866 John Gall Mainland the second eldest of their six children was born. After John Gall Mainland Jnr. had trained as a jeweller and watchmaker he also developed itchy feet and left New Zealand for Australia in the late 1880s eventually settling in Walhalla Victoria where he became chief of the fire brigade for ten years before moving to Warrnambool. Gertrude Emily born 1872 met and married John G Mainland after he had increased his skills to become an optician. In Jan 1892 opened a business in Liebig St Warrnambool the sign outside his premises read, (J Mainland Watchmaker Jeweler and Optician). While he was establishing his business and profession John had set about contributing to the cultural and business life of the Warrnambool community. One of his many community commitments was with the scouting movement where he became a King Scout and an original charter member of the Warrnambool Rotary Club.The clock was made by an early Warrnambool business identity who had also made an important contribution to the local community over the years through his involvement with Rotary as a founding member the fire brigade. Having an item that was made by John Mainland during the early development of Warrnambool and in such good condition is in itself significant, it's provenance is well established and it is another piece of local history that further tells a story of Warrnambool's cultural life and early development in the 1890s. Wall Clock, circular in a wooden case Roman numerals on a twelve hour dialName of maker to dial face "J Mainland & Co Warrnambool"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, warrnambool clock maker, john mainland, john gall mainland, mary gall, clock maker, optician, jeweller

Wooden child's money box with Roman numeral clock face on one side.toys, general

Donated by family and friends in memory of Alfred nurse Eileen Rutherford in 1953. Eileen, a graduate of 1935, died on the Hospital Ship Centaur, bombed by the Japanese in May 1943. The sundial was demolished, along with the Main Nurses' Home in 1996. The dial and commemorative plaque were salvaged by the Archive.Of significance to the AHNL as the sundial, originally placed in the garden in front of the Main Nurses' Home was to remind the nurses of the future of the sacrifices of nurses during war. Metal sundial originally placed on a brick pedestal with accompanying plaque, located near the Punt Rd entrance to the main Alfred Hospital Nurses home 'Be as true to each other as the dial is to the sun'. Roman numerals, showing hours, minutes and the months of the year.sundial, hospital ship centaur, eileen rutherford

The watch was carried by Quentin Clifford BINKS. (Born Rushworth, enlisted Liverpool NSW). His records show he was initially in the part time CMF from 8.10.1941 aged 20 years and appointed Lieut on 1.8.1942 Regt No V245016. He began full time service in the CMF on 7.8.1942 and continued until 5.6.1943 when he transfers to the 2nd AIF on the following day Regt No VX114178 RAE. Emplaned for Port Moresby from Townsville 10.6.1943, during service he is hospitalised several times with Dysentry, Boils and Folliculitis. He emplaned from Nadzab NG for Townsville landing 15.9.1944. Appointment terminated on 6.2.1946.Silver coloured Pocket watch with numbers (not Roman Numerals) Second timer inserted into dial face.Engraved on back “D^D”watch, accessory

The new Post and ·Telegraph Office at Orbost was completed in 1898 This clock was presented by Mr A Cooper to the Postal Dept.in 1899 for erection outside the local post office. The clock arrived in Orbost on Monday 5th June 1899 in the charge of Captain Mortimer of the schooner Orbost. Before the clock could be placed in position permission had to be obtained from the postal department headquarters, and Mr Cooper nominated the appointment of Messrs W. Gluth Snr, J. Watt and H. James as a committee to take charge of the clock on behalf of the people of Orbost. In a letter to Mr Gluth at that time, Mr Cooper said, " If the people of Orbost receive this clock in the same goodwill in which it is given I shall be exceedingly pleased." Mr Alfred Cooper built the Orbost Club Hotel in the early 1890's. Captain Mortimer skippered the Schooner Orbost between Marlo and Melbourne until it was wrecked in 1904This clock is a significant part of Orbost's history.A metal clock from the Orbost Post Office. It is circular with black Roman numerals. It is open with no cover.orbost-post-office cooper-alfred schooner-orbost clock-orbost-post-office

This clock was produced by the American Sessions Clock Company. The company was formed in 1903, after William E. Sessions and his nephew Albert L. Sessions bought out the failing clock company of E.N.Welch Manufacturing. The clock belonged to local Wodonga bootmaker Franz Gördes (b.1843) who immigrated to Australia from Germany in 1871. After docking in Melbourne Franz headed for the goldfields in Beechworth, but didn't strike gold. He returned to his trade and opened a boot shop in Wodonga, which burnt to the ground the day before the opening. Undeterred, he rebuilt and operated the business until his death in 1928.This item has a well documented provenance and connection to the local history of Wodonga.An ornate wooden clock with Roman numeral clock face and glass door with a decorative gold transfer. clock, clocks, session clock company, wodonga, gold rush, gold fields, beechworth

From the Wyuna, a twin-screw diesel electric pilot cutter. Introduced in 1953 and served with the Port Phillip Sea Pilots until 1979.The MV Wyuna served as a Pilots tender from 1953 to 1979 before fast pilot boats were introduced. During this time the Wyuna would lower a work boat to transfer a pilot onto a ship which would have had to come to a full stop to allow transfer, thus losing time and extra fuel. Today the fast pilot boats come along side a still moving vessel to allow pilot access outside Post Phillip Heads. Brass ships clock from galley of pilot vessel Wyuna. White face, black roman numerals. port phillip sea pilots, mv wyuna, gally clock

The Seth Thomas Clock Company was founded in 1813 by renowned American clockmaker Seth Thomas (1785-1859) of Connecticut, USA, and pioneered the mass production of clocks. After Seth Thomas's death, his son, also Seth Thomas (1816-1888), continued operating the business. Their 'Adamantine' model was released in many variations. This particular model features two pillars on either side of the clockface, however other Adamantine variants could have none or up to three or four half-pillars on either side. This style of black mantle clock appears to be inspired by French clocks of the 1860s, which had gained popularity in the United States. While those clocks were often made with onyx, slate, or marble, Seth Thomas uses a durable celluloid veneer named Adamantine over a wood case to replicate the appearance of the original materials. This object is representative of the innovative manufacturing processes of pioneering clockmaker Seth Thomas and his company. Decorative black mantle clock with black and green veneer and a white face marked with black roman numeralsInscriptions: 7337 2685 6618 10508 Label on reverse [one section is illegible due to damage to label]: ADAMANTINE Label No. 295 E. / ST Trade Mark ... the / smaller end of key. To make run faster, turn to the right, slower to the left. One full turn of the key will make a difference of two / minutes in twenty-four hours. To get correct strike turn minute hand to 12 and then back to figure 9; continue doing so until proper / hour is struck. Key and Pendulum ball will be found tied or tacked to each clock. Adamantine Clock. Patented September 7, 1880. This finish is very durable, will not chip, and cannot be scratched or dented by any ordinary usage. Can be / washed or otherwise cleaned without detriment or injury to polish. Genuine Seth Thomas Clocks have Trade Mark on Movement. WHEN ORDERING MATERIAL FOR THIS CLOCK BE SURE AND GIVE LABEL NUMBER 295E. SETH THOMAS CLOCK CO. / MAKERS OF CLOCKS AND WATCHES.seth thomas clock company, adamantine, black mantle clock, horology, manufacturing

Wall clock with walnut surround and roman numeral. Four chains and two pulleys hang from the clock.horology, clocks

Chart from World War 2, from memorabilia belonging to Gethla Forsyth, who served with the Australian Army Nursing Service during this timeOf significance to the AHNL because of the similarities to charts used in Australian Hospials at the timePhotocopy of chart, black print on white bakground, Japaneses characters and roman numerals. Graph for recording observations. Previous catalogue number written at top rightnursing, japanes medical observation chart, world war 1939-1945

Nickel plated pocket watch white dial with black Roman numerals. Seconds dial at bottom has no hand.261410 Charleyhorology, watches

White plastic rectangle with an Australian Limmerick. Print is maroon. 9 RAR symbol in roman numerals on bottom right.Up the old red rooster and more B....or P.... The saying that follows the renown "Catchcry" "Up the odl red rooster and more B... or P... Depending on your kuth or kulture, was derived from the rae, and though we know the corus line, here, for posternity, is full verse: Two arms, two hands, two steely bands, beneath the Southern Ceoss, I stands, God bless, our native land "Oostralia", whacked,bluey, you bloody beaut, up the old red rooster.....and beer9 rar, information board

The New Haven Clock Company from Connecticut, USA, was incorporated by clockmaker Hiram Camp (1811-1893) in 1853. Camp studied clockmaking under his uncle Chauncey Jerome (1793-1868) from the age of 17. New Haven Clock Company supplied brass clock movements to Chauncey Jerome's own business, Jerome Manufacturing Company, until that company declared bankruptcy two years later. New Haven Clock Company acquired Jerome Manufacturing Company and continued to manufacture clocks for over a century. They grew to such a scale that they were outproducing all other clockmakers in the state of Connecticut. Their 'Duna' model was created circa 1881 and features a solid walnut cabinet with ornate carvings and a glass door decorated in gold, black, and red detail. The 8-day clock is designed to be wound once per week with a key; the clock features instructions on the reverse side should the timing need adjustment.This object is part of the Burke Museum Collection and represents the detailed craftmanship of one of the leading clock manufacturers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Decoratively carved and etched wooden eight day striking mantle clock with a white face and black roman numerals.Engraving on rim above clock face: PATD FEB.11.1879 Engraving on pendulum: PAT'D MCH.1st 1881 Reverse label: 8 Day Duna / STRIKING./ New Haven Clock Co., / NEW HAVEN, CONN. / NOTICE. / If the Clock should go too fast, lower the ball ; / if too slow, raise it. The minute hand may be / moved at any time forward, but never backward / further than the figure XII. / Should the Clock strike wrong, lift the wire / under the figure VII until it strikes right. Markings on reverse: 2496 / 3526 / 4190 / 4873 / 5936 / 71078-day clock, new haven clock company, mantel clock, hiram camp

Round silver fob watch with inset for second hand. White face with black roman numerals. Link for chain.horology, watches