Index, bib, ill, maps, p.270.non-fictionThe history of the Emu Bay Railway Company in Tasmania from the Van Diemen's Land Company to the Pasminco company years.emu bay railway company., mineral industries -- tasmania

Massacre Bay is located on Victoria's Great Ocean Road, and is in the centre of the Bay of Martyrs. The bay consists of 20 m high, red limestone bluffs. This paper by Ken Clements considers the origin of the term martyr in connection to this location, and where the Aboriginal massacre may have taken place. Thirteen page document by Ken Clements relating to Peterborough, Victoria. Contents include coastal features, local Aborigines, Bay of Martyrs, Massacre Bay, Massacre Hill, Buckley Creek Run, Pioneer Pastoralists, British Traversers, settlers, Peterborough, Maps, tourism, history method. Photographs by Laurie Moore.aborigines, bay of martyrs, massacre bay, massacre hill, buckley creek run, pioneer pastoralists, british traversers, settlers, peterborough, maps, tourism, history method, childers cove, barque children, murnane bay, sandy bay, dog trap bay, buckley creek, viviennes lookeout, stanhope bay, buttres bay, burnies beach, armstrong creek, flaxman hill, antares rock, lovers nook, crofts bay, clements, worm bay, halladale point, the well, wold dog cove, james irvine monument, curdies inlet, squirrel creek, wallaby creek, boggy creek, whiskey creek, pioneer beach, schomberg rock, young australia, spit, crown of thorns, newfield bay, the grotto, london bridge, point hesse, high cliffs, the arch, cape martyr, little massacre bay, aboriginal massacre, ken clements

This toy rabbit was part of the cargo from the Fiji and amongst the articles salvaged from the wreck. The three-masted iron barque Fiji had been built in Belfast, Ireland, in 1875 by Harland and Wolfe for a Liverpool based shipping company. The ship departed Hamburg on 22nd May 1891 bound for Melbourne, under the command of Captain William Vickers with a crew of 25. The ship’s manifest shows that she was loaded with a cargo of 260 cases of dynamite, pig iron, steel goods, spirits (whisky, schnapps, gin, brandy), sailcloth, tobacco, coiled fencing wire, concrete, 400 German pianos (Sweet Hapsburg), concertinas and other musical instruments, artists supplies including brushes, porcelain, furniture, china, and general cargo including candles. There were also toys in anticipation for Christmas, including wooden rocking horses, miniature ships, dolls with china limbs and rubber balls. On September 5th, one hundred days out from Hamburg in squally and boisterous south west winds the Cape Otway light was sighted on a bearing differing from Captain Vickers’ calculation of his position. At about 2:30am, Sunday 6th September 1891 land was reported 4-5 miles off the port bow. The captain tried to put the ship on the other tack, but she would not respond. He then tried to turn her the other way but just as the manoeuvre was being completed the Fiji struck rock only 300 yards (274 metres) from shore. The place is known as Wreck Bay, Moonlight Head. Blue lights were burned and rockets fired whilst an effort was made to lower boats but all capsized or swamped and smashed to pieces. Two of the younger crewmen volunteered to swim for the shore, taking a line. One, a Russian named Daniel Carkland, drowned after he was swept away when the line broke. The other, 17 year old able seaman Julius Gebauhr, a German, reached shore safely on his second attempt but without the line, which he had cut lose with his sheath-knife when it become tangled in kelp. He rested on the beach a while then climbed the steep cliffs in search of help. At about 10am on the Sunday morning a party of land selectors - including F. J. Stansmore, Leslie Dickson (or Dixon) and Mott - found Gebauhr. They were near Ryans Den, on their travels on horseback from Princetown towards Moonlight Head, and about 5km from the wreck. Gebauhr was lying in the scrub in a poor state, bleeding and dressed only in singlet, socks and a belt with his sheath-knife, ready for all emergencies. At first they were concerned about his wild and shaggy looking state and what seemed to be gibberish speech, taking him to be an escaped lunatic. They were reassured after he threw his knife away and realised that he was speaking half-English, half-German. They gave him food and brandy and some clothing and were then able to gain information about the wreck. Some of the men took him to Rivernook, a nearby guest house owned by John Evans, where he was cared for. Stansmore and Dickson rode off to try and summon help. Others went down to the site of the wreck. Messages for rescuing the rest of the crew were sent both to Port Campbell for the rocket rescue crew and to Warrnambool for the lifeboat. The S.S. Casino sailed from Portland towards the scene. After travelling the 25 miles to the scene, half of the Port Campbell rocket crew and equipment arrived and set up the rocket tripod on the beach below the cliffs. By this time the crew of the Fiji had been clinging to the jib-boom for almost 15 hours, calling frantically for help. Mr Tregear from the Rocket Crew fired the line. The light line broke and the rocket was carried away. A second line was successfully fired across the ship and made fast. The anxious sailors then attempted to come ashore along the line but, with as many as five at a time, the line sagged considerably and some were washed off. Others, nearly exhausted, had to then make their way through masses of seaweed and were often smothered by waves. Only 14 of the 24 who had remained on the ship made it to shore. Many onlookers on the beach took it in turns to go into the surf and drag half-drowned seamen to safety. These rescuers included Bill (William James) Robe, Edwin Vinge, Hugh Cameron, Fenelon Mott, Arthur Wilkinson and Peter Carmody. (Peter Carmody was also involved in the rescue of men from the Newfield.) Arthur Wilkinson, a 29 year old land selector, swam out to the aid of one of the ship’s crewmen, a carpenter named John Plunken. Plunken was attempting to swim from the Fiji to the shore. Two or three times both men almost reached the shore but were washed back to the wreck. A line was thrown to them and they were both hauled aboard. It was thought that Wilkinson struck his head on the anchor before s they were brought up. He remained unconscious. The carpenter survived this ordeal but Wilkinson later died and his body was washed up the next day. It was 26 year old Bill Robe who hauled out the last man, the captain, who had become tangled in the kelp. The wreck of the Fiji was smashed apart within 20 minutes of the captain being brought ashore, and it settled in about 6m of water. Of the 26 men on the Fiji, 11 in total lost their lives. The remains of 7 bodies were washed onto the beach and their coffins were made from timbers from the wrecked Fiji. They were buried on the cliff top above the wreck. The survivors were warmed by fires on the beach then taken to Rivernook and cared for over the next few days. Funds were raised by local communities soon after the wreck in aid of the sufferers of the Fiji disaster. Captain Vickers was severely reprimanded for his mishandling of the ship. His Masters Certificate was suspended for 12 months. At the time there was also a great deal of public criticism at the slow and disorganised rescue attempt to save those on board. The important canvas ‘breech buoy’ or ‘bucket chair’ and the heavy line from the Rocket Rescue was in the half of the rocket outfit that didn’t make it in time for the rescue: they had been delayed at the Gellibrand River ferry. Communications to Warrnambool were down so the call for help didn’t get through on time and the two or three boats that had been notified of the wreck failed to reach it in time. Much looting occurred of the cargo that washed up on the shore, with nearly every visitor leaving the beach with bulky pockets. One looter was caught with a small load of red and white rubber balls, which were duly confiscated and he was ‘detained’ for 14 days. Essence of peppermint mysteriously turned up in many settlers homes. Sailcloth was salvaged and used for horse rugs and tent flies. Soon after the wreck “Fiji tobacco” was being advertised around Victoria. A Customs officer, trying to prevent some of the looting, was assaulted by looters and thrown over a steep cliff. He managed to cling to a bush lower down until rescued. In 1894 some coiled fencing wire was salvaged from the wreck. Hundreds of coils are still strewn over the site of the wreck, encrusted and solidified. The hull is broken but the vessel’s iron ribs can be seen along with some of the cargo of concrete and pig iron. Captain Vickers presented Bill Robe with his silver-cased pocket watch, the only possession that he still had, as a token for having saved his life and the lives of some of the crew. (The pocket watch came with 2 winding keys, one to wind it and one to change the hands.) Years later Bill passed the watch to his brother-in-law Gib (Gilbert) Hulands as payment of a debt and it has been passed down the family to Gilbert Hulands’ grandson, John Hulands. Seaman Julius Gebauhr later gave his knife, in its hand crafted leather sheath, to F. J. Stansmore for caring for him when he came ashore. The knife handle had a personal inscription on it. A marble headstone on the 200m high cliffs overlooking Wreck Beach, west of Moonlight Head, paying tribute to the men who lost their lives when Fiji ran aground. The scene of the wreck is marked by the anchor from the Fiji, erected by Warrnambool skin divers in 1967. Amongst the artefacts salvaged from the Fiji are bisque (or china) toys, (including miniature animals, limbs from small bisque dolls), rubber balls, a slate pencil, a glass bottle, sample of rope from the distress rocket and a candlestick holder. These items are now part of the Fiji collection at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum, along with Captain Vickers’ pocket watch and Julius Gebauhr’s sheath knife This toy rabbit is classified as Fiji 4 on the SWR Flagstaff Hill’s Fiji collection is of historical significance at a State level because of its association with the wreck Fiji, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register VHR S259. The Fiji is archaeologically significant as the wreck of a typical 19th century international sailing ship with cargo. It is educationally and recreationally significant as one of Victoria's most spectacular historic shipwreck dive sites with structural features and remains of the cargo evident. It also represents aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The Fiji collection meets the following criteria for assessment: Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history. Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Victoria’s cultural history Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s cultural history. China toy rabbit salvaged from the wreck of the Fiji. The rabbit is in a lying pose. This solid, moulded toy is made of bisque (sometimes described as bisque or porcelain) and the material is an orange-sandy colour with darker orange markings. The surface is slightly pitted.1891, china, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwrecked artefact, flagstaff hill maritime village, shipwreck coast, warrnambool, porcelain, moonlight head, wreck bay, cargo, bisque, toys, miniature animals, rabbit

Teachers: back row L- R Waldi KOROL; Jack ANDERSON; Shane FARMER; Di MILNE; Mary COVENTRYT; Sandy CARR. Middle row L - R Joan COXTON; Desley WALLACE; Anne WARNER: Nola BICKNELL; Joan OWEN; Rae BERNALDO; Jill TRUMBLE; Frances RYAN; Clair PAYNE; Dawn POWELL. Front row L - R Marie JONES; Kaye CARLIN; Tikki BRAUN; Des WILLIAMS; Sally POFFER; Wendy KOROL; Shirley HELLER; Biffy COGHLAN.Colour photograph with 3 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Port Melbourne Primary School Staff, 1984.On reverse: names of all teachers. education - primary schools, port melbourne primary school, joan owen, sally poffer, waldi korol, jack anderson, shane farmer, di milne, marg coventry, sandy carr, dawn powell, claire bayne, frances ryan, jill trumble, rae benaldo, nola bicknell, joan coxton, biffy coghlan, shirley heller, wendy korol, des williams, tikki braun, kaye carlin, marie jones, anne warne, desley wallace

Teachers: back row L- R Wendy BECKWITH; Frances BUTLER; Ken O'BRIEN; Sally POFFER; 2nd back row L - R Anne WARNE; Lyn SANDFORD; Desley WALLACE; ? ; ? ; Geraldine DYKER; Jan GLASS 3rd back row L _ R Marg HUTCHINS; Biffy COGHLAN; Marg ALDRED; Joan OWEN; Shane FARMER; Waldi KOROL; Sandy CARR. Front row L - R Joan COXTON; Jan SNOWDON; Barry CLISSORD; Jack MALLETT; Kaye CARLIN; Wendy TOUSSANT; Shirley HELLER.Colour photograph with 4 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Port Melbourne Primary School Staff, 9th August 1982.On reverse: names of all teachers. education - primary schools, port melbourne primary school, joan owen, sally poffer, waldi korol, shane farmer, sandy carr, joan coxton, biffy coghlan, shirley heller, kaye carlin, anne warne, desley wallace, wendy beckwith, frances butler, ken o'brien, lyn sandford, geraldine dyker, jan glass, marg hutchins, marg aldred, jan snowdon, jack mallett, wendy toussant

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 2 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, 1990.education - primary schools, shirley heller, nott street primary school, nola jones, helen pruis, marilyn tulloch, pam park, sue gladman, nancy johnstone, lucia oukliez, debra stripeikis, ruth burgess-smith, carolyn withers, ron bowles, bart hopkins, diane moseley, jan snowden, sandy bassoukos

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 2 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, 1991.education - primary schools, shirley heller, nott street primary school, nola jones, helen pruis, marilyn tulloch, nancy johnstone, debra stripeikis, ruth burgess-smith, diane moseley, sandy bassoukos, mary walker, bart hopkins, pamela park, oriana diamandis

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 2 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, 1992.education - primary schools, shirley heller, nott street primary school, nola jones, helen pruis, marilyn tulloch, nancy johnstone, debra stripeikis, ruth burgess-smith, carolyn withers, ron bowles, bart hopkins, diane moseley, jan snowden, sandy bassoukos, jenny harding, julie ziakos, ouriana diamandis

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with4 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, 1985education - primary schools, shirley heller, nott street primary school, nola jones, sandy bassoukos, sherre cochrane, patricia mccormick, beatriz clark, sharon mulvenna, houla barberoglu, marie jones, wendy korol, dawn powell, sue wilkes, biffy coghlan, karen o'donnell, judith amor, diane milne, anne warne, tikki braun, des williams, erika anders, rae benaldo, joan owen, joan coxton, lynne gerloff

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 3 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, Feb - 1986education - primary schools, nott street primary school, nola jones, sandy bassoukos, patricia mccormick, marie jones, dawn powell, biffy coghlan, karen o'donnell, diane milne, anne warne, tikki braun, erika anders, rae benaldo, joan owen, lynne gerloff, ruth burgess-smith, robyn ready, soraya christensen, gaynor whitlaw, asadeh steer, fiona farley, shirley heller, eve tothpal, lucia okuliez, vincent maskell

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 2 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, Mar 1987.education - primary schools, nott street primary school, nola jones, sandy bassoukos, patricia mccormick, marie jones, diane milne, anne warne, erika anders, rae benaldo, fiona farley, shirley heller, lucia okuliez, vincent maskell, kevin greenaway, mike russel, jane wilson

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 2 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, Mar 1988.education - primary schools, nott street primary school, sandy bassoukos, patricia mccormick, erika anders, rae benaldo, fiona farley, lucia okuliez, jane wilson, ruth burgess-smith, helen pruis, lyndall adams, carolyn elliot, mary marchi, sue goddard, dianne watts, christen jacobs

All teachers named below photograph. Colour photograph with 3 rows of teachers. The sign in front reads Nott Street Primary School Staff, 1989.education - primary schools, nott street primary school, sandy bassoukos, erika anders, lucia okuliez, jane wilson, ruth burgess-smith, helen pruis, lyndall adams, carolyn elliot, jenny golding, effie assimakopoulos, susan pope, nancy johnstone, marilyn tulloch, caroline henry, jan snowdon, vin maskell

'Moya Anne' from Port Phillip Bay 1980'sColour photograph of scallop fishing boat Moya Ann, beginning its entry into port. Sandy beach of coastline in distance. Photograph appears to have been taken from another vessel. Lakes Entrance Victoriafishing industry, ships and shipping, jetties

'Moya Anne' from Port Phillip Bay 1980'sColour photograph of scallop fishing boat Moya Ann, beginning its entry into port. Sandy beach of coastline in distance. Photograph appears to have been taken from another vessel. Lakes Entrance Victoriafishing industry, ships and shipping, jetties

'Moya Anne' from Port Phillip Bay 1980'sColour photograph of scallop fishing boat Moya Ann, beginning its entry into port. Sandy beach of coastline in distance. Photograph appears to have been taken from another vessel. Lakes Entrance Victoriafishing industry, ships and shipping, jetties

Framed and laminated colour photograph featuring couple Sandy and Terry with dog Jack. Drinking wine on beach at Venus Bay 2003. Photographed by Carolyn Jones. Brown wood frame with laminated surface.

Framed colour photograph featuring an aerial view of Waratah Bay, the beach and Sandy Point . Wilsons Promontory can be seen in the distance.