Used in agriculture to identify location of stock ca 1910Metal cow bell, we believe was imported by HOLDEN and FROST ca1910 Small rectangular bell , metal clanger, metal holder on topagriculture, stock bell, c1910

Metal cow bell, we believe was imported by HOLDEN and FROST ca1910Used in agriculture ca1910Small metal bell with metal clanger, rectangular shaped with holder on topcow bell, agriculture

Research is still being carried out regarding the inscription on this bell. Perhaps it was used for horses during the war. It may have been a souvenir or perhaps just a political statement, similar to 'Buy Australian'. Cow bells were common to colonial agriculture and transport, used wherever animals were turned out to graze overnight and had to be rounded up again next morning. Bells were fastened around the necks of household milking cows, domestic goats, bullock teams, horse teams, and camel teams, to help find them in the pre-dawn light. Station shepherds and cattle drovers also used them to warn of any disturbances to their flocks and herds overnight. The bells were a necessary item in a largely unfenced continent. So important, that Anthony Mongon began making his pot-bells at Yackandandah from 1861, August Menneke produced the “Wagga Pot” from 1867, and Samuel Jones started manufacturing his distinctively shaped “Condamine Bell” in 1868. However, these deeply resonant Australian bells were made from iron — Mongon and Jones were blacksmiths who simply beat old pitsaw blades into shape. Few genuinely brass cow bells were made here, the vast majority being imported from Britain where the industry of brass founding was already well established. (Some bells were also imported from the United States, but these too were nearly all of iron).This bell is historically significant as typical of a cow bell used by farmers and herdsmen in Colonial Victoria. Cow bell, brass, topless pyramid shape, inverted "U" shaped pin attached. Pin and clapper are iron. Bell is embossed on sides. Embossed "ADVANCE / VICTORIA" and "WWI"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, cow bell, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell, advance australia, wwi

The artefact is a brass cow bell recovered from the 1878 shipwreck of the LOCH ARD near Port Campbell. It was raised by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1973 and is in storage at the Maritime Village. The LOCH ARD was constructed on the Clyde in 1873 for the prestigious Loch Line of colonial clipper ships, designed for the Australian run. She sailed from England on 1 March 1878 carrying 37 crew, 17 passengers and a diverse general cargo ranging from luxury items to bulk railway iron. On 1 June 1878, emerging from fog and hearing too late the sound of breakers against the tall limestone cliffs, the vessel struck the southern foot of Mutton Bird Island and sank in 23 metres of water. Of the fifty-four people on board only two survived, one young male crewman, Tom Pearce, and one young female passenger, Eva Carmichael. A century later, despite the pounding seas and the efforts of looters, the wreck site continued to provide ample evidence of the extraordinary range of goods being imported into the Colony of Victoria in the post-Gold Rush era. Flagstaff Hill divers in the 1970s reported finds of “Bottles of champagne, window panes, rolls of zinc, barrels of cement, iron rails, clocks, lead shot, corrugated iron, lead, marble, salad oil bottles, ink bottles, copper wire, gin bottles, rolls of carpet, floor tiles, copper rivets, gas light fittings, pocket knives, toys, crystal chandeliers, beer mugs, cutlery, candles sticks, wick scissors, cow bells, and sauce bottles.” From this array of objects on the ocean floor emerged the humble brass cow bell. Cow bells were common to colonial agriculture and transport, used wherever animals were turned out to graze overnight and had to be rounded up again next morning. Bells were fastened around the necks of household milking cows, domestic goats, bullock teams, horse teams, and camel teams, to help find them in the pre-dawn light. Station shepherds and cattle drovers also used them to warn of any disturbances to their flocks and herds overnight. The bells were a necessary item in a largely unfenced continent. So important, that Anthony Mongon began making his pot-bells at Yackandandah from 1861, August Menneke produced the “Wagga Pot” from 1867, and Samuel Jones started manufacturing his distinctively shaped “Condamine Bell” in 1868. However, these deeply resonant Australian bells were made from iron — Mongon and Jones were blacksmiths who simply beat old pitsaw blades into shape. Few genuinely brass cow bells were made here, the vast majority being imported from Britain where the industry of brass founding was already well established. (Some bells were also imported from the United States, but these too were nearly all of iron). This bell is historically significant as typical of a cow bell used by farmers and herdsmen in Colonial Victoria. Its significance is increased by being one of a collection of artefact recovered by the Flagstaff Hill Divers from the wreck of the Loch Ard in the early 1970s. Items that come from several wrecks along Victoria's coast have also been recovered for Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village’s museum collection under Government permit, illustrating this item’s level of historical value. The cow bell is also significant for being part of Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD, which is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Brass cow bell, flat-top pyramid shape, rectangular head, shoulders flare out to a rectangular mouth. The hanging yoke is missing. Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, loch ard, cowbell, great ocean road, loch line, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, cow bell, brass cow bell, shipwreck artefact, flagstaff hill divers, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell

The artefact is a brass cow bell recovered from the 1878 shipwreck of the LOCH ARD near Port Campbell. It was raised by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1973 and is in storage at the Maritime Village. A cow bell is a bell worn around the neck of free-roaming livestock so herders can keep track of an animal via the sound of the bell when the animal is grazing out of view in hilly landscapes. Although they are typically referred to as "cow bells" due to their extensive use with cattle, the bells are used on a wide variety of animals. The earliest examples of truly recognizable cow bells date back to the Iron Age. The use of iron bells in sub-Saharan African music and the Niger–Congo area is linked to the early iron-making technology spread during the Bantu migrations. The earliest archaeological evidence of bells dates back to more than 5000 years ago, from the 3rd millennium BC in Neolithic China. During this era, there is evidence of early forms of pottery cow bells, which were likely used to keep track of goats, sheep, and cattle. These pottery bells were later replaced by metal bells using brass and other materials. The LOCH ARD was constructed on the Clyde in 1873 for the prestigious Loch Line of colonial clipper ships, designed for the Australian run. She sailed from England on 1 March 1878 carrying 37 crew, 17 passengers and a diverse general cargo ranging from luxury items to bulk railway iron. On 1 June 1878, emerging from fog and hearing too late the sound of breakers against the tall limestone cliffs, the vessel struck the southern foot of Mutton Bird Island and sank in 23 metres of water. Of the fifty-four people on board only two survived, one young male crewman, Tom Pearce, and one young female passenger, Eva Carmichael. (See References or Notes below for further details.)The cow bell is believed to be part of the cargo of the Loch Ard and this shipwreck of the Loch Ard is of historical significance for Victoria. Registered on the Victorian Heritage Register ( S 417), with Flagstaff Hill having a varied collection of artefacts from the Loch Ard. Its collection is significant for being one of the largest accumulation of artefacts from this notable Victorian shipwreck. The collections object is to also give us a snapshot into history so we can interpret the story of this tragic event. The collection is also archaeologically significant as it represents aspects of Victoria's shipping history that allows us to interpret Victoria's social and historical themes of the time. The collections historically significance is that it is associated unfortunately with the worst and best-known shipwreck in Victoria's history. Brass cow bell, covered in encrustations. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, loch ard, mutton bird island, glenample, eva carmichael, tom pearce, flagstaff hill divers, cow bell, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell

The artefact is a brass cow bell recovered from the 1878 shipwreck of the LOCH ARD near Port Campbell. It was raised by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1973 and is in storage at the Maritime Village. The LOCH ARD was constructed on the Clyde in 1873 for the prestigious Loch Line of colonial clipper ships, designed for the Australian run. She sailed from England on 1 March 1878 carrying 37 crew, 17 passengers and a diverse general cargo ranging from luxury items to bulk railway iron. On 1 June 1878, emerging from fog and hearing too late the sound of breakers against the tall limestone cliffs, the vessel struck the southern foot of Mutton Bird Island and sank in 23 metres of water. Of the fifty-four people on board only two survived, one young male crewman, Tom Pearce, and one young female passenger, Eva Carmichael. A century later, despite the pounding seas and the efforts of looters, the wreck site continued to provide ample evidence of the extraordinary range of goods being imported into the Colony of Victoria in the post-Gold Rush era. Flagstaff Hill divers in the 1970s reported finds of “Bottles of champagne, window panes, rolls of zinc, barrels of cement, iron rails, clocks, lead shot, corrugated iron, lead, marble, salad oil bottles, ink bottles, copper wire, gin bottles, rolls of carpet, floor tiles, copper rivets, gas light fittings, pocket knives, toys, crystal chandeliers, beer mugs, cutlery, candles sticks, wick scissors, cow bells, and sauce bottles.” From this array of objects on the ocean floor emerged the humble brass cow bell. Cow bells were common to colonial agriculture and transport, used wherever animals were turned out to graze overnight and had to be rounded up again next morning. Bells were fastened around the necks of household milking cows, domestic goats, bullock teams, horse teams, and camel teams, to help find them in the pre-dawn light. Station shepherds and cattle drovers also used them to warn of any disturbances to their flocks and herds overnight. The bells were a necessary item in a largely unfenced continent. So important, that Anthony Mongon began making his pot-bells at Yackandandah from 1861, August Menneke produced the “Wagga Pot” from 1867, and Samuel Jones started manufacturing his distinctively shaped “Condamine Bell” in 1868. However, these deeply resonant Australian bells were made from iron — Mongon and Jones were blacksmiths who simply beat old pitsaw blades into shape. Few genuinely brass cow bells were made here, the vast majority being imported from Britain where the industry of brass founding was already well established. (Some bells were also imported from the United States, but these too were nearly all of iron). This bell is historically significant as typical of a cow bell used by farmers and herdsmen in Colonial Victoria. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Cow bell, brass, covered in encrustation, handle missing from the top.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, loch ard, mutton bird island, glenample, eva carmichael, tom pearce, flagstaff hill divers, cow bell, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell

This brass cow bell was recovered from the wreck of the sailing ship ‘Loch Ard’ at Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell, Victoria, from late 1960s to early 1970s. Cow bells were listed as part of the cargo on board the Loch Ard. This bell is now part of the John Chance collection. Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village’s divers also recovered similar bells from the Loch Ard wreck in 1973. One of them was found in a sandy hole in the centre of the wreck site. All of the recovered cow bells are without their hangers. A bell of this size could have been used by horse or cattle teams. Cow bells were a common Colonial item. They were hung around the necks of grazing domestic cows and goats, bullock and horse teams, even camel teams so that they could be found again. Sheep and cattle drovers used them as a warning for night time disturbances such as wild animals. The maker of the cow bell, James Barwell, was a bell founder established in Birmingham, England, from 1784. In 1842 he acquired Fiddian’s firm of ‘Steam and Water’, keeping its name and stamping it on some of his products. According to his advertisement in the Exhibitors guide for the Church Congress of 1887, he made bells and fittings for churches and schools. He also made bells for cloches and chimes, and made tuned musical handbells. He repaired and reproduced bells, and he had a team of experienced ringers to “inspect towers and report upon the tone and condition of bells and fittings.” In 1903 he became incorporated as a Limited Company, ‘engineers’ and plumbers’ brasswork, and bell founders.’ In 1914 he advertised as ‘Cock and Bell Founders’, specialising in plumbing and engineering fittings, church bells, and “every description of hanging and hand bells.” Some of Barwell’s products were stamped with his maker’s mark (his initials J. B. either side of a cross entwined with a ‘B’ in an oval of oak leaves (for Birmingham)). James Barwell bells were no longer made after 1920. James Barwell was among makers who exported bells to the Australian colony from the 1860s. Early Australian iron animal bells were also made from the 1860s by blacksmiths such as Anthony Morgan from 1861, August Menneke from 1867, and Samuel Jones from 1868. Few brass bells were produced here in those times. This bell is historically significant as typical of a cow bell used by farmers and herdsmen in Colonial Victoria. Its significance is increased by being an artefact recovered by John Chance, a diver from the wreck of the Loch Ard and other wrecks in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Items that come from several wrecks along Victoria's coast have since been donated to the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village’s museum collection by his family, illustrating this item’s level of historical value. The cow bell is also significant for being part of Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD, which is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Cow bell; heavy brass, flat top, pyramid shape, rectangular head, shoulders flare out to rectangular mouth. The head has two same-sized tooled holes for adding the hanging yoke. Inscription on top and one side. Encrustations are on the metal in places. The hanger and clapper are missing. Made by James Barwell of Birmingham.Stamped on the head "BARWELL / - - - / - - -- ING" [Perhaps BARWELL - - - BIRMING. Could size be in centre? 3 3/4 IN?] Stamped on side [motif] (undecipherable) flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, john chance, loch ard, mutton bird island, glenample, eva carmichael, tom pearce, james barwell, cow bell, horse bell, bell founder, bell smith, vintage bell, birmingham bell foundry, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell

Double sided invoice with Woodwards letterhead. Woodwards were at 64 Lydiard Street and were furniture warehousemen, cabinet makers, french polishers and upholsterers. They also stocked Bell and Doherty orgams and Ronisch and Gors & Kallmann pianos. woodwards, u to d, lydiard street, furniture, pianos, organs, keyboards

This was used by the Cameron family on their dairy farm at Orbost. The Cameron families were early farmers at Orbost and Marlo.This was used by the Cameron family on their dairy farm at Orbost. The Cameron families were early farmers at Orbost and Marlo.A rectangular shaped iron bell with a clapper inside. bell sheep-bell agriculture stock iron

Livestock bells were once used extensively throughout the Australian countryside. The first ones were imported from England and America, but gradually local blacksmiths started turning out their own bells. These bells were used on a leader in a bullock team or on other stock so they could be easily located.A very corroded metal bullock bell with a handle and a small round gong.bullock-bell rural-industry livestock

Livestock bells were once used extensively throughout the Australian countryside. The first ones were imported from England and America, but gradually local blacksmiths started turning out their own bells. These bells were used on a leader in a bullock team or on other stock so they could be easily locatedAn iron bullock bell with handle and a large clapper inside.bullock-bell rural-industry livestock

Australia's first telephone exchange was opened in Melbourne in August 1880. It was operated by the Melbourne Telephone Exchange Company. Owned by W. H. Masters and T. T. Draper, the Manager of the Company was H. Byron Moore. This was only two years after the world's first exchange in the United States, and just four years after Bell first spoke on a telephone. The exchange was located in the old Stock Exchange building at 367 Collins Street, a site now occupied by the Commonwealth Bank. In 1884, the operations of the Company, by then known as the Victorian Telephone Exchange Company, had grown considerably and were transferred to Wills Street, Melbourne. Private ownership of this company continued until 1887 when it was bought out by the Victorian Colonial Government. Other colonial governments followed this example. By 1910, the growth in telephone services made additional accommodation necessary. This could not be provided in the existing building in Wills Street and arrangements were made for a new exchange in Lonsdale Street. Alexander Graham Bell visited Australia in 1910 to advise the Federal Government's Postal Commission. Telephone exchanges were established in Adelaide with (48 subscribers), Hobart (10 subscribers) and Launceston (35 subscribers). The first exchange in Western Australia was established in 1887 and located in a small three-room cottage in Wellington Street, Perth with 17 subscribers. The year 1888 marked the opening of the Fremantle exchange in a small room at the rear of the Town Hall. There were nine subscribers. Australia's first automatic exchange was installed in the GPO in Sydney, in 1911, for internal use. But the first automatic exchange for public use was opened at Geelong in Victoria in the next year July 1912 with 800 subscribers. Melbourne's first automatic exchange was opened in the suburb of Brighton in 1914; the first public automatic exchange in NSW began operating at Newtown, Sydney in 1915; and Queensland's first was installed at South Brisbane in 1925. 1929 saw the opening of Tasmania's first automatic exchange in Hobart. an automatic telephone service. In June 1977, the manual telephone exchange at Swansea was replaced with an automatic service and made Tasmania the first State in Australia to have a fully automatic network. The half-century following Federation saw the growth of the automatic operation; a great extension of trunk line services; The automatic telephone contributed greatly to the early popularity of telephones in Australia. It was a quicker and more convenient way of communicating with another person on the same exchange — instead of having to go through tedious processes with the operator. From its introduction, the number of automatic telephones in operation grew to a remarkable extent. In 1886, the first trunk link of 16 km was connected to the exchanges of Adelaide and Port Adelaide in South Australia. Then, in 1907, the first inter-capital telephone trunk line was opened between Sydney and Melbourne. It was followed by a line between Melbourne and Adelaide in 1914. Sydney and Brisbane were linked in 1923, and Perth and Adelaide in 1930. In 1930, the first overseas calls from Australia came possible with the introduction of a radiotelephone service to England, and through there to Europe and America. A similar service opened to New Zealand in the same year. Initially, trunk channels linked different manual trunk exchanges. It was necessary for a succession of trunk operators to connect the appropriate channels, one after the other until the connection was made. As trunk traffic grew. the system became increasingly unsuitable. More trunk operators had to be employed and so labour costs increased. It was a tedious and slow way of making a long-distance call, and it was sometimes hard to hear, particularly when several exchanges were linked With technical advances, trunk switching moved from manual operation through a partly automatic phase. Automatic transit switching equipment was used and only a single operator was required to connect a trunk call to a wanted automatic subscriber. Until well beyond the middle of this century, the majority of trunk traffic went through this single telephonist control. In 1953, the number of telephones in use in Australia passed the one million mark. By then, the need for improvement in the automatic exchanges was becoming well recognised. The need was for a telephone switching system which would do a better job more economically than the conventional step-by-step ex-change. This led to the adoption of the Crossbar system as the standard in automatic telephone exchanges in 1960. The introduction of Crossbar switching was a big step forward in the automation of trunk calls. It substituted automatic switching and charging equipment for the originating trunk operator, and improved the quality of the system radically. Before the introduction of the Crossbar system there were often very long delays in obtaining a booked trunk call, and the quality of sound was often very poor. With Crossbar, Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) became a reality. A trunk call by STD was as easy to make and almost as fast to connect as a local call.The item was made around the 1940s and used up until the 1970s in manual cord telephone exchanges as a way to time and charge users for trunk calls made over the telecom system of the time. Post Master General dept. - Trunk Call Timer.Inscribed PMG, C. of A, 37. Bell chimes at 3 min increments.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, timer, trunk call, telephone, cord exchange

Gould manufacturing company was founded in 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York when Seabury S. Gould purchased an interest in Downs, Mynderse & Co. and the firm became Downs & Co. Wooden pumps were produced at the time in an old cotton factory building. In 1869, the name of the company was changed from Downs & Company to Goulds Manufacturing Company. Seabury S. Gould was regarded as a man of unusual vision, and as the founder of Goulds Manufacturing Company he was keen to start producing cast iron pumps. An iron pump, he believed, would overcome all the disadvantages of a wooden pump. It would be strong and efficient and provide fresh flowing water for the pioneers. He ran the company until after the American Civil War and because Goulds Manufacturing had a foundry, they also produced all kinds of cast iron products such as corn shellers, bells, sad irons, sinks, tools, and a line of fire engines. From 1848 to 1964 a Gould family member had always been President of the company. However, the company ownership in 1964 was transferred from family-owned stock to public offerings and employee ownership of stock. The subject item called the "N e w Deluge" was an improved bilge pump for vessels having not more than 25 feet depth of hold. It was also used by contractors for pumping out excavations and was well adapted for irrigation use. This hand pump was designed to be used where a hand pump of large capacity was desired. Goulds made many different types of pumps to suit differing pumping situations such as. Well Pumps, Hydraulic Rams, Diaphragm Pumps, Tank Pumps, Sprayers and Small Capacity Power rumps. Goulds Triplex, Centrifugal, Rotary and Deep Well Power Pumps The subject item was first introduced to the market in the Goulds catalogue of 1915 and became a very popular pump used in Australia and the USA. It is manufactured by a company still trading today with offices in Australia and many other countries.Hand Pump cast iron with long reversable pumping lever and cylindrical casing there are 4 metal holes for fastening to floor surface. Painted black. Embossed "NEW DELUGE" "- - -" and "No 16" or "No 18".warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, pump, hand pump, goulds manufacturing

This water standpipe is believed to be the only one of its kind in working order. It was originally located in Warrnambool, on the hillside at the corner of Mickle Crescent and Banyan Street, providing water for the Chinese Market Gardens below, on the flats. It was removed from this location on May 2nd, 1979, with the intention to relocate it at the new Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum & Village. The standpipe lay in storage for years until the Warrnambool Company, Chemblast, offered to restore it for use as a working display. The display was officially opened on March 31, 2014. The water from the adjacent lake is drawn out with a hand operated water pump, and goes up into the standpipe, where flows through the canvas hose and into the top of the Furphy Farm Water Cart. The display is a visual acknowledgement of the years served by Flagstaff Hill volunteer and Friends of Flagstaff Hill Chairperson, Bob Crossman. Warrnambool’s early settlers had no water supply prior to the mid-1850s. They relied on rain water tanks, domestic wells and springs. The town experienced a huge, destructive fire in William Bateman Jnr. & Co.’s large produce store in November 1856, which highlighted the need for both a fire brigade and a good supply of water. In 1863 a volunteer fire brigade was established. In August 1880 the town celebrated the installation of its first water standpipe on the corner of Liebig and Timor streets. The water was pumped from springs at Cannon Hill through the connected pipeline to the standpipe, then distributed to households via horse and cart. Each of the licenced cart drivers were compelled by Council regulations to keep their carts full from sunset to sunrise, ready to cart water to outbreaks of fire. They received a fee for this service. In 1893 the town installed a water supply, sourced from the Merri River, stored in a reservoir basin and tower in north Liebig Street, and distributed throughout the town in a system of pipes. By late 1939 a reticulated supply was installed, with the water piped in under the Otway Scheme. Standpipes are still used in modern times in rural and remote areas for homes, farms, stock, agriculture and firefighting. Many commercial or government owned standpipes are metered, charging a fee for the quantities of water supplied. This water standpipe was made by Langlands Foundry Co. Limited, Melbourne, which was establish in 1842. It was Melbourne’s first foundry and iron shipbuilder, and one of the largest employers in Victoria at the time. Langlands was known for its high quality workmanship and wide range of goods for mining, engineering, marine, railway and other industrial uses. The company made the first cast bell, the first lamp posts in the colony, and the boiler for the first Australian train. In the 1860s it produced cast iron pipes for the Board of Works, which laid the pipes for Melbourne’s first reticulated water supply. The firm was bought by Austral Otis Co. in 1897.This water standpipe is significant historically as it is believed to be the only one of its type in working condition. The standpipe is significant for being manufactured by early colonial firm Langlands Foundry of Melbourne, which was known for high quality, cast iron products. The firm made the boiler for the first Australian train, assembled the first Australian paddle steamer and made the first Australian cast bell and lamp posts. Langlands was one of the largest employers in Victoria at the time. The standpipe is significant historically as it represents the evolution of water supply services in Australia. Standpipe; vertical cast iron water pipe, painted crimson, fixed in position, tapering inward from the round base to the rectangular joint near the finial on top. A hexagonal pipe extends at right angles from the joint, with an outlet fitting and flow-controlling wheel on the end. A length of canvas hose hangs from the outlet fitting. Inscriptions are on one face of the joint. The standpipe was made by Langlands Foundry Company of Melbourne. Embossed “LANGLANDS FOUNDRY CO. / LIMITED / ENGINEERS / MELBOURNE”warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, flagstaff hill, standpipe, stand-pipe, water standpipe, fire standpipe, firefighting equipment, water supply equipment, chinese market gardens, banyan street, liebig street, water tower, bateman’s fire, working display, water supply, town water, rural water, reticulated water, cannon hill spring, merri river, otway water, water carters, horse and cart water supply, volunteer fire brigade, langlands foundry, early melbourne, iron works, bob crossman, late 19th century water supply

Account page from the Northern Seed Supply Co., 315 Hargreaves St., Bendigo. Printed in dark blue with decoration around the name. On the left side are the name of the companies they are distributors for. They are: F H Brunning Pty Ltd, Destruxol Sprays, Manning's Cattle and Poultry Spice, Wolseley and 'Climax' Cream Separators, Ruddock's Stock Medicines, Freezing Works Manures, Floraphos, Ransome's Motor & Electric Lawn Mowers, Dunlop Perdriau Garden and Spray Hose, Donaghy's Binder Twine, Fowler's Bottling Outfits, Charters' Incubators, Elephant and Blue-Bell Sprays, and Brunnings.business, printers, cambridge press, cambridge press collection, the northern seed supply co, c k hyett, f h brunning pty ltd, destruxol sprays, manning's cattle and poultry spice, wolseley and 'climax' cream separators, ruddock's stock medicines, freezing works manures, floraphos, ransome's motor & electric lawn mowers, dunlop perdriau garden and spray hose, donaghy's binder twine, fowler's bottling outfits, charters' incubators, elephant and blue-bell sprays, brunnings

Document. Connelly, Tatchell & Dunlop. 1 - 1880's - Document dealing with the Loddon Shire Trust and Serpentine Estate concerning damages done by Water Trust in constructing drain works, channels, weir building etc on Serpentine Estate. Contains statements by:- Raleigh Joseph - Sheep Farmer 'Tandarra'; Coutts George - Farmer & Grazier Fernihurst; Coutts David - Grazier; Stewart James Symes - Arbitrator and Auctioneer at Talbot; Moylan Mr W - Water Bailiff; Southern George Bell - Inspector of Works; McIvor John - Grazier & Farmer; Bryant Henry - Farmer & Contractor; Fleming George - Farmer & Grazier; Carter Samuel - Sheep Breeder & Squatter; Roberts Edmund Jas - Hay & Corn Merchant South Melbourne; Young George - Stock & Station Agent Ballarat; De Caris Elisha Clement - Wesleyan Minister; Starr John Gardner - Engineer to Water Trust; McKay Robert - Clerk in Office Mining Engineer; Manning James - Actuary.cottage, miners, connelly, tatchell & dunlop, loddon shire trust, serpentine estate, raleigh j, coutts geo, coutts d, stewart j s, moylan mr w, southern g b, mcivor j, bryant h, fleming geo, carter s, roberts e j, young g, de caris e c, starr j g, mckay r, manning j

Typed notes on the beginnings and building of the Bendigo Hospital. Written by Mary Fry and dated Oct 1981. It also tells of the expansion and of vegetable growing in the grounds. Also included is a Report from the Australian Medical Journal (April, 1857) on Quacks, Board of Management 1853 and a bibliography.document, the bendigo gold district general hospital, mary fry, mrs clancy, james lawrence, dr wall, dr edward hunt, mr g f walter, first church of england, mr j h walker, dr childs, dr stuart, lands department, vahland and getzschmann, mr john o'shannassy, governor sir henry barkly, mr h trumble, policeman pat ryan, mrs a watson, benevolent asylum, easter fair society, mr j h abbott, lady bowen, george mackay, annals of bendigo, k m bowden, mr lazarus, f mcmahon, training school for nurses, nurses' home, bendigo and northern district base hospital, australian medical journal, rev dr backhaus, gregory, searle, raston, butler, drs mrcrea, tierney, e r jones, wall, roche, smith, barnett, messrs mclachlan, wilkinson, o'connor, emmett, fraser, wollaston, burrell, garsed, edhouse, snowdon, miss w stock, william howitt, w b kimberly, j n mackartney, frank cusack, william perry, geoffrey serle, james smith, the argus, bendigo advertiser, bendigo independent, mount alexander mail, the sandhurst bee, a lady's visit to the gold diggings of australia 1852 - 1853, hurst and blackett, land labour and gold, longman brown green and longmans, bendigo and vicinity, sandhurst as it was and as it is, barrows and co, mackay and co, a history of bendigo 1891, doctors and diggers on the mount alexander goldfields, hedges and bell pty ltd, bendigo, a history, william heinemann australia pty ltd, lister house the story of the northern district school of nursing, hawthorne press, tales of the whipstick, the golden age, melbourne university press, the cyclopedia of victoria, the cyclopedia company, c hurry, bendigo gold district general hospital 1853 - the bendigo and northern district base hospital 1953, cambridge press, w stock, health hazards and care relating to the central victorian goldfields particularly bendigo 1851 - 1871

Child 1 1/2d ticket on light brown, light card stock used by ESCo c1928, Number Sa 0362, has various destinations for nipping on sides. Photocopy stored with ticket is 200% enlargement.trams, tramways, esco, ballarat, tickets, bell punch

Ticket contained within Reg. Item 2488, page 31, One penny 1d ticket on an off white colour, light weight card stock used by ESCo c1920, Number/s I7428 and J6747, has various destinations for nipping on sides for both directions of travel. Printed by J.J. Miller Melb. Printing in black ink. J6747 has been nipped or cancelled. The ticket conditions note that the ticket must be "Bell Punched" when issued by the conductor. Note Item Not formally Numbered. Image btm2494i2 shows position on page relative to items 2494 to 2504Some inscriptions about the ticket in pencil.trams, tramways, tickets, bell punch, esco

Ticket contained within Reg. Item 2488, page 31, Child 1 1/2d ticket on a light manila colour card, light weight card stock used by ESCo c1930's, Number Pb 27878, has various destinations for nipping on sides for both directions of travel. Printed by J.J. Miller Melb. Printing in black ink. Ticket has been nipped or cancelled. The ticket conditions note that the ticket must be "Bell Punched" when issued by the conductor. Note Item Not formally Numbered. Image btm2494i2 shows position on page relative to items 2494 to 2504.Some inscriptions about the ticket in pencil.trams, tramways, tickets, bell punch, esco

Ticket contained within Reg. Item 2488, page 31, 3d ticket on a pink colour, light weight card stock used by ESCo c1930's, Numbered Rm 4336, has various destinations for nipping on sides for both directions of travel. Printed by J.J. Miller Melb. Printing in black ink. Ticket has been nipped or cancelled. The ticket conditions note that the ticket must be "Bell Punched" when issued by the conductor. Note Item Not formally Numbered. Image btm2494i2 shows position on page relative to items 2494 to 2504.Some inscriptions about the ticket in pencil.trams, tramways, tickets, bell punch, esco

Ticket contained within Reg. Item 2526, page 9, Four Penny 4d ticket on a purple colour, light weight card stock used by ESCo c1920, Number Vb 6113, has been printed for specific use between Grenville St and the Sebastopol terminus. Printed by J.J. Miller Melb. Printing in black ink. Has been nipped or cancelled for the trip from Sebastopol. The ticket conditions note that the ticket must be "Bell Punched" when issued by the conductor. Note Item Not formally Numbered.trams, tramways, tickets, bell punch, esco

Yields information about the rehabilitation of the Ballarat ESCo trams and new trams acquired and refurbished by the SEC from Melbourne and the interiors of these trams.Two Black and White photographs contained within Reg. Item 3000 - Photo Album produced by the SEC in 1935 titled "Photographs of Ballarat Tramways Rolling Stock & Track Reconditioning Works". Two photographs of the front of a ex Melbourne M class car (one of the 30 - 33 series, most likely No. 30) given the seat behind the driver showing the re-arranged doors etc of these cars, following conversion. Shows the arrangement of the signs behind the driver, bells, doorways etc. Have an officer with hat sitting in the drivers position. Caption to the photograph typed on a piece of paper and adhered to the sheet under the two photographs is "Interior Views M.M.T.B. Car showing arrangement of entrances." tramways, trams, mmtb, secv, tramcars, ballarat, tram 30?

Yields information about the rehabilitation of the Ballarat ESCo trams and new trams acquired and refurbished by the SEC from Melbourne and the interiors of these trams.Two Black and White photograph contained within Reg. Item 3000 - Photo Album produced by the SEC in 1935 titled "Photographs of Ballarat Tramways Rolling Stock & Track Reconditioning Works". Black and white photographs of the interior of No. 12, showing advertising racks in the roof and the general arrangement of the doors etc. Shows signs, seats, bell chords, strap hangers and mirrors. 3012.1 has roof advertisements for the SEC, Brockhoff's, Nu-Trola biscuits and other advertisements. Has the Caption of "M.M.T.B. Car after conversion 1936 showing system of advertising." under the photograph. 3012.2 - has caption of "M.M.T.B. Car after conversion 1936 showing seats and drivers cabin" under the photograph. Photos not to be taken out of the album unless for photographic copying. Use image files.tramways, trams, secv, tramcars, ballarat, rehabilitation, conversion, mmtb, tram 12

Three copies of the Annual report of the MMTB for the years end 1977 to 1979. 3952.1 - "MMTB Annual Report 1977", brown card cover with a drawing of Z24 on the front cover, 24 pages, white paper, giving details of the MMTB Board, Officers, Introduction, Financial, Engineering, Industrial, Balance sheet, Summary of Income and Expenditure, Schedule of Debentures and Inscribed stock, auditors report, Schedule of tram and bus routes, and record of annual traffic receipts, passengers etc.. Photos include Z's in Bourke ST, after a heavy storm, new Volvo bus, display/advertising tram, Dandenong Rd, Route map board and Cathy Pacific advertisement. Printed by McCarron Bird. 3952.2 - "MMTB Annual Report 1978", gloss cover with a photo of Z18 in Wellington Parade on the front cover, 24 pages, white paper, giving details of the MMTB Board, Officers, Introduction, Financial, Engineering, Industrial, historical highlights, Balance sheet, Summary of Income and Expenditure, Schedule of Debentures and Inscribed stock, auditors report, Service Statistics, Schedule of tram and bus routes, and on inside back cover, route map. On back cover is a photo of Z20 in Wellington Parade. Photos include bus lane on Eastern Freeway, construction of Burwood Extension, first tram to Warragul Road, opening of Burwood tramway (1916), Volvo bus Bell St, upgraded computer installation, Volvo bus chassis, Z class bogie. Printed by McCarron Bird. 3952.3 - "MMTB Annual Report 1978-79", gloss card cover with a photo of Z 116 on the front cover, 24 pages, white paper, giving details of the MMTB Board, Officers, Introduction, Financial, Engineering, Industrial, historical highlights, Balance sheet, Summary of Income and Expenditure, Schedule of Debentures and Inscribed stock, auditors report, Service Statistics, Schedule of tram and bus routes, and on inside back cover, route map. On back cover is a photo of Z73, Nicholson St, Fitzroy. Photos include first tram on Burwood Extension, Volvo bus Westgate freeway, K. J. Brennan, map of Bundoora extension, Box Hill tram, V214, vintage trams day 1979, MAN Bus, Swanston St at dusk and montage of painted W2's. Printed by McCarron Bird.trams, tramways, mmtb, melbourne, annual reports, operations, trackwork

Two red covered ( one with cloth tape on the spine and edges) auction catalogues for a sale at the Big Bell Gold Mine, Big Bell, Western Australia, held on the 22nd to 27th August 1955 and 29th to 31st August and 1st to 3rd September, 1955. Sale consisted of Mining Machinery, Engines, Electrical Equipment, Pumps, Stores, Housing, Rolling Stock and Costly Equipment by Order of Big Bell Mines Ltd. J. H. Curnow & Son Pty. Ltd. Were the auctioneers. One catalogue has Mr. Curnow written on the front.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - big bell gold mine, big bell mines ltd, j h curnow & son pty ltd, prahran telegraph printing co pty ltd

On 23rd March 1936, the Australian Motorist Petrol Company, (Ampol) was incorporated in NSW. It was the first oil company that the Australian public could buy shares in. It was listed on the Stock Exchange in 1948 as Ampol Petroleum Ltd. It merged with Caltex in 1995 but the brand Ampol still exists especially in regional areas.Small pamphlet with the story of the Union Jack and the Australian flag, some other British flags (the white ensign, the red ensign and the blue ensign). The story of petroleum and the pioneer of the oil industry in Australia complete the pamphlet. Australian flag on one side and advertising for Ampol on the other. The last item is a small folding pamphlet with the words of "God Bless Australia' on the inside. Aileen and John Ellison Collection.In red pen Bell 212 and some unreadable words.ampol, flags

Honour Board listing the 52 names of North Wangaratta State School students who enlisted to serve their country during the First World War and commemorates those who lost their lives. North Wangaratta State School 2391 was opened in May 1881 and closed October 26 1969. Today a plaque commemorates the site of the old school in Eldorado Road North Wangaratta. The Honour Board preserves the names of past students who enlisted to serve their country during the First World War and commemorates those who lost their lives.The North Wangaratta School Trust Committee donated the Honour Board to the Wangaratta RSL for safe keeping and display to the publicOrnate carved wooden frame containing black and white photograph of the North Wangaratta State School Honour BoardFront: North Wangaratta State School Roll of Honour, The Great War 1914 to 1919, followed by 52 names. Back: Written in ink; J.L. Bell East Wangaratta. Sticker; Courtney's Thelma Studio, photographers & picture frame makers. We specialise in enlargements and guarantee our work to be the best that art can produce. Appointments in Town or Country attended to. We carry a complete stock of stationery and fancy goods, Christmas cards and novelties etc, and all school requisites. T. Courtney Proprietor, Phone 55honour board, north wangaratta, world war 1, school, state school