A design for a Trade and Art Workshop at the Ballarat School of Mines was prepared by Ewan Jones and Associates on the Albert Street boundary around 1984. The M.B. John Building (Building K), a three storey, face red brick, restrained Late Twentieth Century International styled building with an elongated, cuboid form (defined by the parapeted facades) that is offset by projecting exposed concrete framed, round‐arched entrance and stair wells on the east (Albert Street) elevation (the centrally located entrance breaking the brick façade with glazing). The facades are also characterised by banks of aluminium framed, horizontal ribbon windows, which wrap around the building corners. Metal shades project beyond the windows, while post‐supported bullnosed verandahs and hoods and projecting concrete stairs are other features. On the west elevation, the cuboid façade is punctuated by projecting curved concrete and glazed, elongated bays at first floor level. (David Rowe/Wendy Jacobs) The M.B. John Trade–Art building of SMB was officially opened by the Hon. John Cain, Premier of Victoria, in the presence of Morgan B. John. Programs include 3 Dimensional Art, Painting & Decorating, and Engineering Trades. (SMB Institutional Plan 1989)Black and white photograph of a sketch for the proposed Trade Workshops at the Ballarat School of Mines, from the Albert Street vantage point. This building is known as the M.B. John Building on the SMB Campus.ballarat school of mines, trade workshops, flecknoe, m.b. john, ewan jones and associates pty ltd, albert street, morgan b. john, ewan jones and associates

The Sunshine Technical School trade workshop was constructed in 1913. It was a foundational part of Victoria’s early technical education system and was closely tied to the industrial growth of Sunshine and the legacy of H.V. McKay’s Harvester Works. - Opened: 7 July 1913, following H.V. McKay’s donation of £2,000 and 4.5 acres on Derby Road. - Facilities: The school featured a timber administration building with six classrooms and a large, galvanized iron workshop specifically built for trade apprentices. - Purpose: Designed to train apprentices for McKay’s Sunshine Harvester Works, reflecting the industrial needs of the time. - Initial Enrollment: 70 students, including 44 apprentices from the Harvester Works.Workshop Significance - The workshop was central to the school’s mission: “mente et manibus” — “with mind and with hands.” - It provided hands-on training in mechanical and industrial trades, aligning with the Education Act 1910’s push for secondary technical education. - This made Sunshine one of the first three technical schools established under the Act, and the longest-running of them, operating until 1991. Trade Workshop Built 1913sunshine technical school, h.v. mckay, sunshine harvester works

Used at Ballarat School of Mines and Industries Ballarat. The objectives of the Castlemaine School and Trade Workshops is "to fully equip all Students in the full basic principles of Science, Engineering or Art: and from an establishment of such, to then specialise in the various branches of the same; hence it affords opportunity for investigation into Chemistry, Metallurgy, and the various avenues of Engineering Science and Art."Brown soft covered booklet with 36 pages and information on office bearers, teaching staff, objects of the school, information for parents, courses, subjects and fees.castlemaine technical school, castlemaine, technical school, prospectus, trade workshops, w.v. dam, m.t. fogarty, a.d. freeman, w. corlett, t.h. mccreery, a. verey, j. bennett, a.c. elvish, colonel j.w.b. field, reverend f.a. hagenauer, j. lowry, h.s.w. lawson, j.w.c. short, h.t. govett, j. stell, s.s. graves, f.w. adams, c.w. steiner, geo chaster, c.w. joy, e.r. lewis, s.j. ellis, e. dann, t.t. wells, j. robertson, v. henderson, f.a. moran, f. barry, j. colbert, h. payne, schools of mines, principal, registrar, science, engineering, art, chemistry, metallurgy

The Trade Workshops became known as the M.B. John Building, and later housed Ballarat Tech.Eight printed plans with coloured shading of SMB Albert St buildings: .1) Locality Plan .2) Trade Workshop Site Plan .3) Trade Workshop Floor Plan Level A & B .4) Trade Workshop Floor Plan Level C .5) Trade Workshop Floor Plan Level D .6) Trade Workshop Floor Plan Level E .7) Trade Workshop West Elevation and Sections .8) Trade Workshop North Elevations and Sections building plans, smb trade workshops, ewan jones and associates pty ltd, architectural plan, m.b. john building, albert street

Stawell Technical School. Part of trade workshops just prior to demolition.stawell education

On 11 June 1987 The M.B. John Trade–Art building (Albert Street front) of SMB was officially opened by the Hon. John Cain, Premier of Victoria, in the presence of Morgan B. John. Programs include 3 Dimensional Art, Painting & Decorating, and Engineering Trades. (SMB Institutional Plan 1989)Large format copy of a drawing projecting the new M.B. John Building into the Ballarat School of Mines environment. The view is from within the School of Mines in close proximity to the Ballarat School of Mines Botanical Gardens. ewan jones and associates, architects, m.b. john building, m.b.john, morgan b. john, morgan bevan john, ballarat school of mines, buildings

Typed foolscap pages. .4) Report by Donald Clark, Chief Inspector of Technical Schools, October 1914.charles fenner, herbert h. smith, h.h. smith, ballarat school of mines museum, w.h. middleton, king, j.n. king, andrew peacock, new trade workshops, ponsonby carew-smyth, p.v. calland, george king, gordon college, donald clark, mckissock, a.m. lilburne, battery, d. mullins, frank king, museum, trade board report, t.r. gordon, blacksmithing, j.m. sutherland, terl-mechanics, electrical wiring, telegraphy, t. williams, e.j mconnon, w.h. steane, r. cutter, wright, students' club room, drwssmaking, art metalwork, signwriting, photo-colouring, ralph williams, mathematics, l.j. middleton, c. mcpherson, w.j. paterson, r.w. richards, dick richards, h.w. malin, r.v. maddison

Carbon copy of a typed letter from F.E. Ferguson of the Ballarat School of Mines, to Harry Brew, Caretaker in Charge at the Ballarat School of Mines commending Brew on the clean and orderly state of the gardens, grounds, area adjacent to the trade workshops, and botanical name plaques on a number of trees and shrubs.ballarat school of mines, harry brew, ferguson, botanical gardens, botanical name plates

1/ Trade Workshop Built 1913 , pavement protest outside Jim Cairns office 1975|2/ The Office and Trade Block About 1955|3/ Staff|4/ Sunshine Technical College Typewriting Class|5/ Boys at Woodworking class Sunshine Technical School|6/ A Pavement Protest 1975 J. Cox, A. Becker, F. Bassini, M. Bawden, H. Stagoll, M. Rufener, N. Butler, S. Hennessey, L. Diaz, W. Leaf, V. Litziersunshine technical school, technical school, sunshine, student

Magazine, published by the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Victoria "Headway News" - A4 printed on white gloss paper, with the MTA logo or symbol. Issued under the name of L. A. Strouse as Chairman of the body which commenced on 1/7/1983. Major tram and bus items listed. .1 - Vol 1 No. 1 - July 1983 - four pages - gives details of corporate identity, including notes on the design of the logo, notes from the Chairman, details of the Management Team, the Board, move to the new head office - World Trade Centre, Preston Workshops Project. Management Team - Albrecht Scholer (Metro rail), Dudley Snell (trams), John Wagstaff (GM Marketing and Sales), Michael Maude (GM Personnel) and Paul Riboni (GM - Finance and Corporate). .2 - Vol 1 No. 2 - August 1983 - four pages - details the MTA Board with a photo, gives details of the intended directions that the MTA is planning to take, western suburbs and Doncaster bus changes, new bus workshop at Northcote. Photo notes Bill (W) Aird as Interim Secretary of the MTA. MURLA. .3 - Vol 1 No. 3 - September 1983 - four pages - Flinders St station redevelopment, METROL, AVM - vehicle monitoring, Employees Board Member election and sports roundup. .4 - Vol 1 No. 4 - October 1983 - six pages (one sheet folded) - Refurbishment of W5 trams - fitting of sliding doors, Bundoora Extension, Tram Priority, management changes - Level 3 - John Grigg and Geoff Carkeek, early retirement seminars, transport loan, upgrade to rail overhead, Bob Drummond Retires, flat fares, Gail Moody project engineer for Bundoora Extension and MTA at Royal Show. .5 - Vol 1 No. 5 - November 1983 - eight pages - two sheets - intro of new fare system on 13/11/1983 - "the Met", (Travel Cards and neighbourhood tickets), tram priority, training in new ticketing system, profile of Paul Riboni, restructure of the Metro Rail division, New A class trams, notes restarting of alphabet, cost containment, early retirements, election of employee Reps (Norm Maddock and Tony Tuohey), sporting news, Preston Workshops redevelopment and tram 520 goes to Elton John. .6 - Vol 1 No. 6 - December 1983 - single sheet, two pages with a Christmas message and consultation committees will work during 1984. .7 - Special Edition 1984 - one page - message from the Chairman and Managing director, - re on time running, METROL and planning for 1984. .8 - Vol 2 No. 1-2, January - February 1984 - four pages - METROL now in operation, new managers - John Coulson ex MMTB Assistant Secretary and financial manager, tram and bus appointments, "trams that bend in the middle" - launch of B class trams, sport - Cricket carnival. .9 - Vol 2 No. 3 - March 1984 - four pages- "charting the football crows, proposed head office at 60 Market St (did the World Trade Centre in first issue ever happen?), Colin West Group Manager Personnel - ex MMTB Personnel, Robin Ould employee relations - ex MMTB Industrial Officer. Has a profile on John Wagstaff, interstate cricket and new apprentices. Includes an item on the down fall of Sydney tram network - "The fall of the Giant" .10 - Vol 2 No. 4 - April 1984 - four pages - John Grigg appointed as Chief GM Metro Rail, OH&S Bill, train defects, Tony Jackson bus mechanic wins award, Beppie - Welfare Counsellor for MTA Tram and Bus based at Hawthorn depot. .11 - Special Edition - 1984 - single page- "Met Birthday address by Chairman". The continues to:trams, tramways, mta, preston workshops, board members, management, northcote bus workshops, avm, flinders st, w5 class, bundoora, tram priority, retirements, fares, royal show, funding, sale of trams, a class, travel cards, neighbourhood tickets, b class, cricket, sydney, welfare

This bellows was used at the Warrnambool Racecourse by Master Farrier, Brian Chapman (1931-2017), during the 1970s but its history before then is still being investigated. The bellows have continued to be used from 1978 at Flagstaff Hill's blacksmith's workshop. Even today, in 2021, this same bellows are used by a volunteer blacksmith as he demonstrate the skills and tells of the importance of the blacksmith trade to colonial Australia. This 1860s double-action bellows is a typical form of blacksmith's or shipsmith's bellows. The end is forge-fitted with an iron nozzle or tube, called a tuyere or Tue iron, which concentrates the air to fan the fire or furnace. Tuyeres were traditionally made of cow horn. The double-action design of this bellows efficiently moves air both in and out of the chambers in the one movement of the long handle. The bellows was manufactured by John C. Onions of Birmingham, England, between 1862 and 1875. The stamp with the text, Gold Medal 1862, was also used on the business’ advertising. In 1875 the company was registered and began using the name John C. Onions Limited. JOHN C. ONIONS - John C. (Collingwood) Onions (1841-1904) was the son of a bellows maker of the same name. Onions (born 1841) and his wife Helen married in 1867 and they named one of their children John Collingwood Onions (1868-1913), as was the family tradition. He was well known as a Birmingham manufacturer of patented bellows and other forge-related equipment. He sold to the wholesale and retail markets for both local and overseas customers, including the British colonies. An 1862 advertisement points out that John C. Onions was a “Bellows manufacturer and contractor to Her Majesty’s Honourable Board of Ordinance” and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French [Napoleon Bonaparte]”. The advertisement includes a sketched portrait of the Emperor Napoleon III, and an Imperial Autograph Letter dated May 23, 1854, from Napoleon, Palace of the Tulleries to Mr J C Onions of Bradford Street, Birmingham. In 1863 the company registered a patent on portable forges. In 1871 there were eight employees. John C. Onions Limited became a registered company in 1875. In 1876 an advertisements included that the company were smiths for hearths and tools in general and showed a row of six medallions including one with “Napoleon III, Emperor” and his portrait, and another “ _ _ _ 1862 MEDAL”. Their advertising motto was “For Excellence of Quality”. In 1885 the company merged with William Allday and Sons to become Allday and Onions. This mid-19th century bellows has local historical significance as it were once used by blacksmiths at the Warrnambool Racecourse in the annual racing event that continues today. This bellows is significant as a working example of equipment used in the 1800 and 1900s in the trace of blacksmiths and other metal working smiths. The bellows is technologically significant as it shows the progress from simple bellows to the double-action bellows, a time saving and efficient improvement. The manufacturer John C. Onions is historically significant as a family business that began in the 1600s and continued up until the 1980s.Bellows; large, oval, mechanical double-action smith’s bellows, manually operated, in working condition. The paddles of wood that form the top, middle sections and base of the bellows have flexible leather pieces attached firmly between them, forming airtight double lungs. Cut-outs in the panels allow the bellows to fill with air then force it out. A long handle is connected to pump the bellows and control the quantity and force of the air. The blasts of air are forced through the metal nozzle or tuyere at the end of the bellows and into the forge’s fire. Inscriptions are impressed into the wood on the upper paddle or board of the bellows. There are three circular stamps containing text. Text impressed in the wooden upper paddle of the bellows has been assumed to read “JOHN C. ONIONS, PATENTEES & MANUFACTURERS, BIRMINGHAM””?” “EXTRA” “AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE OF QUALITY”, made from the following readable text :- “JOHN C ONIONS“ “PATENT - - - & MAN - - - - - - - - -“, “BIR - - - - HAM“, “ _ ERA - - - - “- XTRA-“, “- - - - - - - FOR EXCELL-“ “OF - - - - ITY” Text in the stamp “ - - ECE - - “, “ - - - - - / 1862 / MEDAL”, “- ITY” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, john collingwood onions, john c onions, allday and onions, bellows, smith’s bellows, 19th century bellows, double-action bellows, double-acting bellows, double lung bellows, double chamber bellows, blacksmith tools, blacksmith trade, blacksmith craft, blacksmith equipment, forging equipment, john c onions patented double-action bellows, brian chapman, warrnambool racecourse, blacksmith, shipsmith, iron smith, mechanical bellows

This ornate, Victorian-era automatic weighing machine was made in England around 1884-1909, by George Salter and Co. of West Bromwich, UK, makers of scales since 1760. It is protected by Queen Victoria’s Royal Letters Patent, signed in 1900. The scale stood outside the Warrnambool Post Office in Timor Street from around 1909 to 1966, as shown on postcards and photographs held at the State Library of Victoria. The scale is identified by the Serial Number '665', and was installed by the distributors, the Australasian Automatic Weighing Machine Co. Ltd.. The scale’s weight measurements were in Imperial stones and pounds up to 20 stone (127 kg). The scale’s face included charts of average weights, for men, women, boys and girls, by various heights, in feet and inches. The coin slot and its face were converted to metric measurements by the Eastern Scale Company Pty. Ltd; that firm was registered on October 2, 1974. The Australasian Automatic Weighing Machine Co. Ltd was a large supplier of weighing scales in Australia and held the Royal Letters patent for their machines, distributing them in prominent locations. In 1902, the firm was listed under the Import Entries Passed at His Majesty’s Customs, importing into Sydney, NSW, eight cases of scales. In 1911, the company asked permission from the Port Pirie Corporation to install a machine in Alexander Street. In 1913, the company applied to the City of Sydney to install machines around the city, including at the tram depot. One application mentions “… three machines in three places for three pounds per year”. In 1923, the firm tendered for the right to place Automatic Weighing Machines on railway and tram premises throughout New South Wales, subsequently for five-year terms, in return for a fixed payment per machine and a portion of the revenue to the NSW Government. In 1928, the Sydney Harbour Trust gave the firm the right to place the weighing machines on various ferry jetties. The firm was still operating in 1941, advertising for two boys aged 14-16 for the workshop and messages, at the Rialto building, 497 Collins St., Melbourne. On December 21, 1946, the Commonwealth government invited offers to tender for the right to place automatic weighing machines on postal premises throughout the six states; the successful company then made arrangements with the federal Postmaster General's Department to place machines outside post offices across the country. A few years later, on September 11, 1950, the firm's Adelaide branch ceased trading. From 11th July 1950, the Australian and Eastern Engineering Company Pty. Ltd took over at the same premises, at 179 Pirie Street, Adelaide. The Perth branch ceased business in WA on July 6th, 1950. Percival Everitt invented and patented the automatic, coin-operated personal scale design. Everitt was a Norfolk-born engineer and regarded as the father of the coin-operated industry. As a young man in 1877, he invented a hay and corn pitcher, a turnip thinner in 1878 and an Automatic Travelling Anchor in 1880. But his fame came in 1883 with the first postcard-vending machine, over a hundred of which he distributed around London. In 1884, he patented one of his many inventions, the coin-operated scales for use in public places; for many people, it was their first exposure to coin-operated machines. His success prompted the formation of the Weighing Machine Company in 1885. Further inventions followed: a blow tester in 1887, the machine for testing a person's grip in 1888, and in 1889, the dispensing machine for hiring out opera glasses, and a device for shutting down the coin entry slot if the machine was empty. In 1890, he invented a fortune-telling machine. Everitt sadly did not make his fortune; he died suddenly in February 1893, in his late forties, with £71 to his name. George Salter & Co., West Bromwich, England, produced automatic weighing scale machines from Everitt’s patented design, and advertised them as suitable for hotels, pleasure gardens, theatres, exhibition halls, clubs, baths and places of public resort. The company was established in 1760 by brothers Richard and William Salter, and manufactured springs and pocket steelyards (spring balances). After several generations, the company was taken over in 1855 by a nephew, George, and renamed George Salter & Co. In 1884, Salter registered the trademark of a Staffordshire knot pierced by an arrow. The company's expanded range of products included the first coin-operated public weighing machines in the 1880s and, in 1895, the first English-made typewriter. In 1915, Salter became a limited company, Geo. Salter & Co. Ltd. When the last George Salter died in 1917, the company passed into the hands of other relatives, but continued to grow before being bought out by Staveley Industries in 1973. Despite several subsequent mergers, the Salter name continues to be seen on household products such as digital scales. This patented, coin-operated weight machine is significant for its association with Percival Everitt, the inventor of the world’s first slot machine, with the renowned maker of scales, G. Salter & Co., which began operating in 1760, and also with the Australasian Automatic Weighing Scale Co., which imported and widely distributed the scales throughout Australia from the early-to-mid 20th century. It is a rare example of an early vending machine used in public places from the late 19th through to the mid-20th century. These machines were the early step in the evolution of coin-in-the-slot machines, which are still used today. The scales give a glimpse into our history; they became quickly popular with the public, which, until then, had little access to weight scales apart from those at medical services. They also provided inexpensive entertainment for families, especially while waiting for trains or visiting the post office. The machines were also attractive and lucrative to the distributors; once installed, they required very little maintenance, and their low cost to customers kept the money coming in. This automatic weighing machine is also significant for its decades of service to the local and regional community of Warrnambool, for personal and commercial purposes. A public coin-operated weighing scale, also called a penny scale. It is a large, silver-painted cast metal stand with a square top on a pedestal that flares outwards to join a rectangular platform base with posts on the side and corners that may have had fitted wheels. The round, white face on top has red and black measurements and inscriptions. A slim indicator with a point at one end and an arc at the other is attached to the face’s centre. The coin slot is above the face, on the left, and the scale’s identification number is engraved on an oval plate on the right. Moulded motifs decorate the pedestal’s front and are repeated on its sides; they depict a tall, narrow urn with a bowl on top and fancy scrolls on either side. There is a decorative panel across the front top of the stand. The top of the pedestal has a small keyhole. The size of the coin slot fitted a penny coin, and the weight measurements on the face were in Imperial stones and pounds. Quite some time after 1966, when Australia introduced new decimal weights, measurements and currency, the scale was updated; the coin slot size was changed, and a new face with metric measurements was installed. The scale now accepts a $1 coin (one dollar) and the scale measures weight in kilograms and grams, from 0 to 125 kg.. The rear of the scale has a small, rectangular metal plate with printed text. The scale was made by G Salter & Co. of West Bromwich, UK, distributed by the Australasian Automatic Weighing Platform Co., and updated to metric measurements by Eastern Scale Co. Pty Ltd. It was previously installed at the Warrnambool Post Office. Engraved on an oval plate on the right: "665" Top centre of the face, in red: "$1 coin" Top of face: "EASTERN SCALE CO. PTY LTD" Base of face, in red: "[Royal Coat of Arms of Britain]" with words, below in red: "BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT" Around the face, in black: "[numbers 0 to 125, in increments 5, and makes between the numbers for each 500g]" "kg" Below the face, moulded letters within a shield: "AUSTRALASIAN AUTOMATIC WEIGHING MACHINES CO. LTD." At the back of the weighing platform: "G SALTER & CO. / WEST BROMWICH", remnants of logo “[Staffordshire knot pierced by an arrow]” Plate on rear: THIS SCALE REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF EASTERN SCALE CO. PTY. LTD., 8 GEORGE COURT, GREENSBOROUGH, VIC, 3088. PHONE (03 ) _ 34 _ _ 33” (434 9333 ?_flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, scale, weighing scale, salter, australasian, 1 dollar, $1 coin, 1p, 1 penny coin, penny scale, coin in slot scale, eastern scale co. pty. ltd., british royal coat of arms, royal letters patent, letters patent, health, ending machine, coin-operated machine, percival everett, weighing machine co., george salter & co., g salter & co, west bromwich, vending machine, weights & balances, measurements, slot machine, coin operated machine, penny-in-the-slot, coin fed, coin op scale, weights & measures, australasian automatic weighing machine co. ltd., warrnambool post office, machine 665, no. 665, blalnce technology, scales and weights, weights and measures, penny weight scales, vintage, weighing machine, coin in the slot, coin operated, public scale, public weighing machine, penny-weighing machines, penny weighing machines, penny scales, coin operated weighing machine, scale weighing machine

This file would be used by a tradesperson or home handyman to smooth the edges of the wooden piece he or she was working on. The surfaces of the file would be of different abrasiveness to suit different stages of the job. A file would be part of a woodworker's tool kit.The design of a file hasn't altered significantly over the last century. This file is an example of an early 20th century file but would be at home in the workshop today.Large file with wooden handle. Brass collar sits between handle and file.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, file, woodworking, carpentry, tool, trade

A moulding plane is a specialised plane used for making the complex shapes found in wooden mouldings that are used to decorate furniture or other wooden objects. Traditionally, moulding planes were blocks of wear-resistant hardwood, often beech or maple, which were worked to the shape of the intended moulding. The blade or iron was likewise formed to the intended moulding profile and secured in the body of the plane with a wooden wedge. A traditional cabinetmakers shop might have many, perhaps hundreds, of moulding planes for the full range of work to be performed. Large crown mouldings required planes of six or more inches in width, which demanded great strength to push and often had additional peg handles on the sides, allowing the craftsman's apprentice or other workers to pull the plane ahead of the master who guided it. Company History: The Holtzapffel dynasty of tool and lathe makers was founded in Long Acre, London by a Strasbourg-born turner, Jean-Jacques Holtzapffel, in 1794. The firm specialized in lathes for ornamental turning but also made a name for its high-quality edge and boring tools. Moving to London from Alsace in 1792, Jean-Jacques worked initially in the workshop of the scientific-instrument maker Jesse Ramsden, Anglicizing his name to John Jacob Holtzapffel. In 1794 he set up a tool-making partnership in Long Acre with Francis Rousset and they began trading under the name of John Holtzapffel. From 1804 he was in partnership with the Mannheim-born Johann Georg Deyerlein until the latter died in 1826, trading under the name Holtzapffel & Deyerlein. Holtzapffel sold his first lathe in June 1795, for £25-4s-10d, an enormous price at the time. All of Holtzapffel's lathes were numbered and by the time he died in 1835, about 1,600 had been sold. The business was located at 64 Charing Cross, London from 1819 until 1901 when the site was required "for building purposes". The firm then moved to 13 and 14 New Bond Street and was in premises in the Haymarket from 1907 to 1930. John's son, Charles Holtzapffel (1806–1847) joined the firm in 1827, at around which time the firm became known as Holtzapffel & Co. Charles continued to run the business after his father's death. He wrote a 2,750-page treatise entitled Turning and Mechanical Manipulation, published in 1843 which came to be regarded as the bible of ornamental turning. The final two volumes were completed and published after his death by his son, John Jacob Holtzapffel (1836–1897). When Charles Holtzapffel died in 1847 his wife Amelia ran the business until 1853. John Jacob II, the son of Charles and Amelia, was head of the firm from 1867 until 1896. A nephew of John Jacob II, George William Budd (1857–1924) became head of the firm in 1896. His son John George Holtzapffel Budd (1888–1968) later ran the business. By the early twentieth century, ornamental turning was going out of fashion, and the firm sold its last lathe in 1928. A vintage tool made by a well-known firm made for firms and individuals that worked in wood. The tool was used before routers and spindle moulders came into use after World War ll, a time when to produce a decorative moulding for a piece of furniture or other items this had to be accomplished by hand using one of these types of planes. A significant item from the mid to late 19th century that today is quite rare and sought after by collectors. It gives us a snapshot of how furniture was made predominately by hand and with tools that were themselves hand made shows the craftsmanship used to make such a unique item. Moulding Plane Holtzaffel 64 Charing & Owner J Heath 9/16" marked opposite endflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, plane moulding, plane, j heath

The first school of Mines in Australia was established at Ballarat in 1870. At the time of its jubilee (1930) the following people were members of the School Council: W.H. Middleton (President), W.T. Humphreys (VP), J.S. Vickery (VP), F. Barrow, Col. W.K. Bolton, William Baragwanath, A.E. Cutter, J.N. Dunn, G. Fitches, W.H. Fleay, F. Herman. W.D. Hill, T. Hurley, K. Kean. J. Kelly, L. Lederman, Mayor of Ballarat, Mayour of Ballarat East, D. Maxwell, M. Martin, R. Maddern, D. Ronaldson, F. Saunders, R. Stephenson, A.O. Stubbs, R.E. Tunbridge. The School Staff in 1920 comprised: Herbert H. Smith, Walter Rowbotham, Reginald L. Cutter, M.C. Young, Hilda Wardle, M. Wiliamson, P.S. Richards, L.H. Archibald, J. Woods, Ken Moss, W. Kenneth, Mrs McIlvena. B. Robinson, S. Rowe, E. Hope-Jones, Miss Abrams, L.St.G.P. Austin, Alfred Mica Smith, J.R. Pound, Herbert R. Murphy, N.H. Junner, Maurice Copland, L.H. Archibald, E.J.A. McConnon, Newton King, D.m. Hull, T.R. Gordon, John M. Sutherland, T.K. Jebb, Dick Richards, C. Tonkin, A.W. Steane, J. Paterson, H.W. Malin, R.V. Maddison, S.M. Mayo, F.A. King, W.H. Steane, T.R. Gordon, T.A. Williams, H. Waldron, G. Black, E.J. McConnon, R.V. Duncan. R. Cutter, E.G. Vawdrey, Hilda WardleWhite stapled booklet - landscape format - 20pp + soft covers with blue writing. Includes an historical sketch of the Ballarat School of Mines. Contains images of the school from around 1920. The history outlined in the booklet follows: 'Ballarat has helped to influence the life and destinies of Australia in many ways, the recital of which would perhaps prove tedious to the citizens of less favoured localities! However, it can be said, without much fear of contradiction, that only less known thought Australia than its fame as a gold field is the reputation won for it by its school of Mines, ... Ballarat was still quite a new place when the School was founded, but a very propserous and popular place all the same, with a go-ahead lot of citizens brim full of the spirit of enterprise which seemsto animate mining populations generally. Money was plentiful, and they launched out into ventures, which later, were to develop and take the place of the gold mines, while what is more to the point, they understood the value of education. the old digging days were passing away. So far as Ballarat itself was concerned the day of the cradle and tin dish had already passed into an antiquity "as dead and distant as the age of the Tubal Caon," said dir redmond Barry on declaring the School open. Mining had become a serious business, and the mining engineer, the metallurgist, and the geologist had become a power in the land. In these circumstances the suggestions to found a School of Mines met with ready acceptance. The late Mr James M. Bickett had the honor of bringing forward the proposition at a meeting of the Ballarat Mining Board in October, 1869. it was agreed to, and the Government, having been approached for assistance, granted a lease of the old Supreme Court buildings at a nominal reantal. A modest sum, including 100 pounds from the Borough Council of Ballarat West, was subscribed by a number of sympathisers, and on the 26th October, 1870, the inaugural address was delivered by Sir Redmond Barry, the first President of the School. Classes were commenced on the 23rd January, 1871. The students at first were mostly adults. They were chiefly men emloyed at the mines, who had the wisdom and energy to devote their spare time to study, and, though their attendance was somewhat irregular, they made very good progress. Old prints which have been preserved show them at work at furnaces, big bearded men of the old-fashioned type of miner. It is interesting to note that among those who gave evidence and encouragement was Sir Roderick Murchison, who many years before had advised Cornish miners to emigrate to Australia to search for gold, and who in 1848 was in possession of gold ore sent from this country. Sir Roderick sent a parcel of books for the library, and gave useful advice as to the curriculum which should be adopted. The Museum, which now contains a most valuable collection of minerals, was one of the first things attended to, and the reports presented to the Council from time to time speak of additions being made from all parts of the world. New equipment was constantly being added to the School, a good deal of assay work was done, and some specimens were sent from the East Indies for examination as far back as 1873. By this time there was a difficulty in providing accomodation for the students who wished to enrol, and the number of instructors had grown from two to four. In 1882 the first building was being erected on what was then part of the gaol reserve. A little more than ten years afterwards a buildnig formerly serving as a Methodist Church was absorbed, while later on, the demand for accomodation increasing, the attack upon the gaol was renewed. The School continued to grow in reputation and size, and became the science centre of the district, and in 1889 a learge new building was opened by Sir Alexander Peacock. Students came from over seas as well as from all the States of Australia, and after going through their courses they took with them the name and fame of the old School to all parts of the globe. School of Mines boys have played a great part in developing the mining fields of Western Australia, South Australia, and africa, while old students who have made a name in their profession are constantly dropping in to see how the old place is getting along. It was not to be expected, however, that the Ballarat School would be left without rivals, its very success inspiring competition. Mining Schools were started in other parts of Australia, and, at the same time, Victoria ceased to hold first place as a mining state. On the other hand there was a great advance in manufacturing, and the demand for technicaly trained men became a great and as insistent as ever it had been for trained mining men. The Council was quick to adapt the school to the new conditions, and the result is seen in the institution, which is one of Ballarat's proudest possession. Instruction is given in all branches of technical work, and the classes are filled with students who are building up for Ballarat a reputation as an industrial centre, which promises to equal that which it formerly held as a mining town. Owing to its bracing climate, its abundant opportunities for recreations, and its accessibilty, Ballarat as a city is an ideal place for educational purposed, and is yearly becoming more and more appreciated throughout the State. The chairman of one of Ballarat's biggests industries claims that the workman can do twice the day's work here that he can do in Melbourne. he was a little enthusiastic over it, perhaps, but it is a well-known fact that the healthy and invigourating Ballarat climate is conducive to both physical and mental activity, and the records of the School provide ample proof of it. One of the most interesting and successful branches of the School of Mines and Industries - if the name be enlarged with the enlargement of its scope - is the Technical Art School. "The City of Statues" has from its earliest days been a stronghold of art. Art schools have flourised here, and in 1905 the Education Department came to the conclusion that the best thing to do with them was to place them under the management of the School of Mines Council. A magnificent new Technical Art School was built at a cost of some 12,000 pounds on the site of the old Supreme Court building, and was formally opened on the 23rd July, 1915. The results have not only been justified but surpassed all anticipations. The most comprehensive list of subjects is taught, and this list is constantly added to. Students have flocked to the art School, which may be said to occupy a unique position in Australia, and its record of success is really astonishing. Its students supply art teachers for the newer schools that are being built, and many occupy leading positinos in important business houses. So well is its reputation known that orders are constantly being received, not only from Victoria, but from other States, for honor boards and challenge shields to be designed and made. The most recent addition to the School of Mines and Industries is the Junior Technical School, for which a new building is now being erected on a portion of the gaol site, transferred to the School of Mines Counci by the Government. At the present moment temporary quarters are being occupied. Some students after passing through the Junior School go straight to employment, continuing perhaps to attend the evening trade classes, while others move on to the senior School. In a review of the work of the School of Mines mention must be made of a series of industrial research carried out under supervision of the Principal. One in particular, regarding the suitability of the local ores for the manufacture of pigments attracted much attention, while the experiemtns on the manufacture of white potery from Victorian clayes were considered of sufficient importance by the Federal Advisory Council of Science and Industry to warrant the appointment of a special investigator. The results of these have been most encouraging, and may have far-reaching consequences. The vocational training of returned soldiers also should not be overlooked. The work was taken in hand from the first, before the Repatriation Department gave assistance, and now with the help of the department of the School has become one of the largest vocational training centres in Victoria outside of Melbourne. The soldiers, trained in a variety of occupations, have made remarkable progress, and already considerable numbers have found employment in local workshops and factories. To sum up, the School is divided into the following departments, each well staffed and equipped: - The School of Mines, science, and Engineering; the Techncial Art School, the Boys' Junior Technical School, the Girl's Preparatory Technical Classes, Trade Classes, and the Commercial School. The school of Mines, science and Engineering, comprises the following branches: - Mining, Metallurgy, Geology, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, and Pharmacy. Battery treatments, Cyanide Testing, Smelting, Assays, and Clay Testing from a regular part of the School's work. Students gaining qualifications obtain concession in their courses at the university, should they proceed there to continue their studies. The technical Art school curriculum includes training in all branches of pictorial and applied art, an Architectural Diploma Course, a Draughtman's Course, technical Art teachers' Course, Photography,Ticket Writing, Art Metal Work, Woodcarving, Needlework, and Leather work. The Trade Classes give instruction in Telephone Mechanics, telegraphy, Carpentry, Cabinet Making, Plumbing, Blacksmithing, Fitting, Electric Wiring, and Printing. Numerous Scholarships are offered every year, and altogether students will find few places to equal the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries as a training place for their life's work. One of the first in the continent to be established, its Jubilee finds it still in the front rank, keeping pace with the times, and offering to the youths of this country the means of taking advantage of Australia's teeming opportunities. william, battery, smith, herbert, drawing from the antique, ballarat school of mines botanical gardens, ballarat school of mines, redmond barry, alfred mica smith, james bickett, museum, dick richards, ballarat junior technical school, s m b, ballarat school of mines and industries, ballarat technical art school, model mine, james m bickett, j m bickett, roderick murchison, vocational training rooms, wesley church, methodist church, alexander peacock, lathes, repatriation, repatriatin department, war service, school council, baragwanath, gold mining, mining laboratory, plaster cast, r.w. richards, anniversary, jubilee

Black and white image from the Ballarat Junior Technical School Prospectus, 1915. The page has two images (back and front). Theswoodwork class shows 16 boys undertaking practical metalwork, overlooked by two instructors. One instructor, on the left, is Albert Steane. The boys were white aprons. The class takes place in an corrugated tin workshop. The image on the other side of the page is the Ballarat Junior Technical School woodwork class. (See http://victoriancollections.net.au/manage/collection/514be4022162ef0f342d62e7) ballarat junior technical school, trade, woodwork, sloyd, education, school, teacher, steane

Used at School of mines and industries Ballarat As H.V. McKay's Sunshine Harvester business expanded there was a requirement for a school to train the company's apprentices. In 1911, H.V. McKay wrote to the Victoria Cabinet offering 2,000 pounds and 4 1/2 acres of land in Derby Rd for a technical school, On the 7th July 1913, the new Sunshine Technical School opened with a wooded administration building with six class rooms and a large galvanised iron workshop for the trade apprentices. Mr George Baxter was appointed principal with assistant teachers, A.J. Dunlop (Maths & English), W.W. Anderson (Art) & H.B. Ernest (Maths & Science). Seventy students were enrolled in the first year of which 44 were apprentices from the Harvester Works. During the First World War Years (1914 - 1918) there was a difficulties with staffing and enrollments. The school was also used to provide vocational training for wounded returned soldiers. In 1919 during the great influenza epidemic the school was used as a hospital. ​Light blue soft covered booklet of 60 pages with information about office bearers, staff, objects of the school, prizes and scholarships, examinations, time tables, courses, and subjects. It has photographs and advertising.sunshine, technical school, sunshine technical school, prospectus, hugh victor mckay, r.m. lambert, george mckay, d.b. ferguson, samuel mckay, george bult, ralph mckay, george butlin, george baxter, f.s. midgley, j.b. gray, w. kerr, a.j. dunlop, h. ernst, w.w. anderson, f. cleary, school councillors, staff, blacksmithing, carpentry, fitting and turning, moulding, sheet metal, mathematis, english, science, art, 1914, h v mckay, sunshine harvester, 2000 pounds and land donated, wounded returned soldiers, 1919 ued as hospital, influenza epidemic

Johann Elias Bleckmann (1784-1856) founded a steel goods shop in Ronsdorf near Dusseldorf Germany. After completing a business education in his father's business, his son Johann Heinrich August Bleckmann (1826-1891) gained further experience through travel in North and South America. When his father died, he took over the steel goods store and moved it to Solingen. He bought a hammer mill in Mürzzuschlag Styria (Austria) in 1862 and converted it into a modern crucible casting steel smelter. His "Phoenix Steel", which he produced himself, achieved worldwide renown. He then went on to establish a file and tool factory and later founded a steel and plate rolling mill. Apart from cutlery blades, the company's self-produced steel was also processed into tools, scythes, rifle parts, etc. His sons Eugen and Walter continued after his death in 1891 at the Phoenix steelworks. However, by the end of the First World War, the two brothers fell into economic difficulties as a result of eliminating a large part of their foreign trade. In 1921, the company was converted into a public limited company and merged three years later with the company Schoeller & Stahlwerke. Made by Bleckmanns a significant Austrian manufacture of cutlery and tools in a recognized area of Germany famous for the production of steel items. The item is giving a snapshot of early colonial and European trades persons tools and gives an interesting insight into the development and progression of European tool and steel development and innervation prior to the First World War.Drop hand forged steel wrench with unusual locking mechanism to size jaw opening made by J E Bleckmann, Solingen Germany.Machine stamped on handle of wrench LOTUS L R GEBRAUCHS under has MUNSTER, J E BLECKMANN, SOLINGEN Germany. [ Translated: LR Gebrauchs= use,usage, or custom application] [Lotos] Translated: Lotus ie flower] [Solingen =town in Rhine valley]manufactures, tools, engineering, blacksmith, workshop tool, dropforged, handmade, wrench, adjustable wrench, phoenix steel, j e bleckmann, solingen, murzzuschlag, steel mill, cutlery, steel foundery

A moulding plane is a specialised plane used for making the complex shapes found in wooden mouldings that are used to decorate furniture or other wooden objects. Traditionally, moulding planes were blocks of wear-resistant hardwood, often beech or maple, which were worked to the shape of the intended moulding. The blade or iron was likewise formed to the intended moulding profile and secured in the body of the plane with a wooden wedge. A traditional cabinetmakers shop might have many, perhaps hundreds, of moulding planes for the full range of work to be performed. Large crown mouldings required planes of six or more inches in width, which demanded great strength to push and often had additional peg handles on the sides, allowing the craftsman's apprentice or other workers to pull the plane ahead of the master who guided it. Company History: The Holtzapffel dynasty of tool and lathe makers was founded in Long Acre, London by a Strasbourg-born turner, Jean-Jacques Holtzapffel, in 1794. The firm specialized in lathes for ornamental turning but also made a name for its high-quality edge and boring tools. Moving to London from Alsace in 1792, Jean-Jacques worked initially in the workshop of the scientific-instrument maker Jesse Ramsden, Anglicizing his name to John Jacob Holtzapffel. In 1794 he set up a tool-making partnership in Long Acre with Francis Rousset and they began trading under the name of John Holtzapffel. From 1804 he was in partnership with the Mannheim-born Johann Georg Deyerlein until the latter died in 1826, trading under the name Holtzapffel & Deyerlein. Holtzapffel sold his first lathe in June 1795, for £25-4s-10d, an enormous price at the time. All of Holtzapffel's lathes were numbered and by the time he died in 1835, about 1,600 had been sold. The business was located at 64 Charing Cross, London from 1819 until 1901 when the site was required "for building purposes". The firm then moved to 13 and 14 New Bond Street and was in premises in the Haymarket from 1907 to 1930. John's son, Charles Holtzapffel (1806–1847) joined the firm in 1827, at around which time the firm became known as Holtzapffel & Co. Charles continued to run the business after his father's death. He wrote a 2,750-page treatise entitled Turning and Mechanical Manipulation, published in 1843 which came to be regarded as the bible of ornamental turning. The final two volumes were completed and published after his death by his son, John Jacob Holtzapffel (1836–1897). When Charles Holtzapffel died in 1847 his wife Amelia ran the business until 1853. John Jacob II, the son of Charles and Amelia, was head of the firm from 1867 until 1896. A nephew of John Jacob II, George William Budd (1857–1924) became head of the firm in 1896. His son John George Holtzapffel Budd (1888–1968) later ran the business. By the early twentieth century, ornamental turning was going out of fashion, and the firm sold its last lathe in 1928. A vintage tool made by a well-known firm made for firms and individuals that worked in wood. The tool was used before routers and spindle moulders came into use after World War ll, a time when to produce a decorative moulding for a piece of furniture or other items this had to be accomplished by hand using one of these types of planes. A significant item from the mid to late 19th century that today is quite rare and sought after by collectors. It gives us a snapshot of how furniture was made predominately by hand and with tools that were themselves hand made shows the craftsmanship used to make such a unique item. Moulding Plane Holtzaffel 64 Charing & Owner J Heath 9/16" marked opposite endflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, plane moulding, plane, j heath

This foot grip was made and owned by Frederick William McDowell (Fred) (1880 to 15-6-1967). It would be been joined to the stafe or frame of a jinker and used to step up from the ground and onto the seat. He was a wheelwright by trade. He made and repaired vehicles such gigs, buggies, jinkers, sulkeys, spring carts and farm wagons. His workshop was on the corner of Cramer Street and Raglan Parade in Warrnambool., previously the site of Fotheringhams, and after McDowell's, and still in 2023, occupied by Reece Plumbing Fred's workplace prior to retiring was at Bryant & Waterson's in Kepler Street, opposite the Criterian Hotel, making rubber tyred horse-driven farm wagons.This jinker's foot grip id part of a jinker or two-wheeled carriage. It is a rare item, made by a local wheelwright Frank McDowell who operated his buggy making and repair business in Warrnambool's CBD in the early twentieth century. It is an example of the equipment used on horse-drawn vehicles for safety and convenience.Foot grip, iron with silver plate finish. Rectangular metal plate with textured crossed over diagonal lines on the top surface and inset rectangles with impressed text. the curved and shaped ends have a drilled round hole. the length of the plate is an inverted 'v' shape towards the base. Made by F. McDowell, Warrnambool."F McDOWELL" "WARRNAMBOOL"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, fred mcdowell, frederick mcdowell, wheelwright, gig, buggy, jinker, sulkey, spring cart, farm wagon, 2-wheeled cart, horse cart, horse cart parts, jinker buggy, transport, vehicle, horse drawn, horse jinker, bryant & waterson, jinker part, jinker foot grip, step, foot plate, horse cart part, stafe, 2-wheeled carriage

This set of taps and dies tools was owned by Frederick William McDowell (Fred) (1880 to 15-6-1967). He was a wheelwright by trade. He made and repaired vehicles such gigs, buggies, jinkers, sulkeys, spring carts and farm wagons. His workshop was on the corner of Cramer Street and Raglan Parade in Warrnambool., previously the site of Fotheringhams, and after McDowell's, and still in 2023, occupied by Reece Plumbing Fred's workplace prior to retiring was at Bryant & Waterson's in Kepler Street, opposite the Criterian Hotel, making rubber tyred horse-driven farm wagons. This Wiley and Russell hand operated, thread cutting Die and Stock, or Die and Tap, set’s patent carries the description “The taper-headed screws adjust the size; the four side screws hold the cutters firmly in the holder. Marketed as the Wiley & Russell LIGHTNING SCREW PLATE. The taper-headed screws are carried over from the J.J. Grant October 21, 1871 patent (no. 120,266). This patent was improved by Smart's Oct. 21, 1884 patent (no. 306,783).” Dies are used to cut external screw thread, stocks are the tools that hold the dies in place with countersunk adjustable screws, and taps are the tools that make the internal threads. The tools would be used by farriers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights sailing and steam ship engineers for making new, or repairing old, threads in metal. WILEY AND RUSSELL Manufacturing Company The company Wiley and Russell was established in 1872 by Solon Wiley and Charles P Russell, whose uncle founded the J. Russell Cutlery Co. The company began with the purpose of manufacturing thread cutting tools in Green River U.S. This tap and die set is an example of tools used by blacksmiths, farriers, wheelwrights and engineers on sailing and steam ships. It is also an example of early U.S. made engineering tools.Tap, Die, Die Stock set of industrial tools, fitted inside original timber box with three instruction labels attached inside lid. The set is the “Wiley and Russell LIGHTNING SCREW PLATE Pat. Aug. 5, 1884”. The lid has three metal hinges and is secured by two metal hook and eye fittings. This set of Whitworth standard threads has metal die and stocks (seven), and taps (three - the case has provision for four more die). The manufacturer’s details and the sizes of the threads are impressed into the tools. The paper labels have instructions and a diagram for the use and care of the tools. Tools have a protective oil coating. Made by Wiley and Russell Manufacturing Co. of Greenfield, Massachusetts, U.S., c. 1884; the tools were patented in August 1884, U.S. Patent 303,060. “Wiley & Russell MFG.CO, Greenfield, Mass, Pat Aug 5 1884.” “WHIT. STD.”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, tap and die set, 1884 engineering tools, wiley and russell mfg co, lightning tap and die set, tap, die and stock set, screw thread cutting tools, taps and dies, stocks and dies, lightning screw plate, cutters, j.j. grant, patent no. 120266, solon wiley and charles p russell, wiley and russell, j. russell cutlery co, green river u.s, whitworth thread, fred mcdowell, frederick mcdowell, wheelwright, gig, buggy, jinker, sulkey, spring cart, farm wagon, 2-wheeled cart, horse cart, horse cart parts, jinker buggy, transport, vehicle, horse drawn, horse jinker, bryant & waterson

This is one of two cast brass nameplates of James & Alexander Brown in our collection. The Newcastle, NSW, firm was renowned for its coal mining and exporting business established in colonial Australia in 1843. The firm had an office in Melbourne and sold coal for commercial use and from the Wharf for the domestic market. The coal was then distributed along the southwest coast of Victoria in steamships or steam packets and into the regional areas of Victoria by cart and wagon. In 1890 there was a strike of coal workers but the Geelong Advertiser, September 1, 1890, announced that “a firm of coal merchants only recently received some large cargoes from Newcastle”. This supply of coal could have originated at the colliery of James & Alexander Brown. About James & Alexander Brown: - James (1816-1894), John (1823-1846) and Alexander Brown (1827-1877) migrated with their parents from Scotland to Sydney, Australia, in 1842. The next year James leased land and was assisted by his brothers Alexander and John in mining coal in the area near Maitland. The market was very competitive, with the government controlling prices. James was instrumental in a legal battle that resulted in the introduction of open competition for coal mining. James and Alexander had become business partners by 1852 and moved south of Newcastle where they established and worked a profitable mining enterprise. Their assets by 1857 included a ships’ chandlery, a fleet of steamships and an overseas trading business. They were the first firm to import rum, sugar and coffee into Newcastle. By 1892 they were exporting coal to New Zealand, China, North America, and various colonial ports. They had elaborate workshops to service their own steam engines and steamships. They were the first to use a steam collier vessel in Australian waters and they set up the second tug boat in Newcastle, the beginning of being owners of many more tug boats and performing a towing business. By 1868 James & Alexander Brown was the largest coal producer in the colony. James focused on managing the colliery and Alexander on overseas trade. It was estimated that the firm had produced over eight per cent of coal in New South Wales by 1914. James & Alexander Brown advertised in the Melbourne Herald in the early 1900s and kept an office at Queen Street, Melbourne as well as at the Wharf, stating their telephone numbers for both places. The coal was available for ‘Immediate Delivery’ for household and industrial purposes. The advertising claimed that their Pelaw Main coal was the famous household coal that met the highest test in Australia and burned bright and clean. Domestic customers could purchase the coal at the wharf or pay for delivery. Commercial customers could load their purchases into their steamships or wagons for further distribution into regional Victoria. After James’s death in 1894 his son John managed the firm, which was also known as J & A Brown. John passed away in 1930 and his sons took over. In 1931 the firm amalgamated with Abermain Seaham and the new name was J & A Brown & Abermain Seaham Collieries Ltd. commonly abbreviated to JABAS, which merged with Caledonian Collieries Ltd in 1960 and Coal & Allied Industries Ltd. was formed. The pair of nameplates is significant for its connection with the firm James & Alexander Brown. The firm was established in 1845 and became one of the largest collieries in colonial Australia. It was involved in trading within Australia and overseas. James was involved in the introduction of open competition for coal mining prices. They were the first to use a steam colliery in Australian waters and the first to import goods such as rum, sugar and coffee into New South Wales. The firm had a Melbourne office in the early 1900s, selling and distributing coal throughout Victoria, which likely included the Port of Warrnambool, which opened in 1890. The nameplates are likely to have originated from the Melbourne location.Brass Entrance Name Plate, one of a pair. Eight holes are formed through the plate; one in each corner, and four more holes are within the inscription area. The cast plate has three rows of text with the company’s name and type of business. The plate was owned by James & Alex. Brown. "JAMES & ALEXR. BROWN / COLLIERY PROPRIETORS / & STEAMSHIP OWNERS"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, nameplate, james & alexander brown, j & a brown, james & alexr brown, colliery proprietors, steamship owners, ship chandlers, coal mine, coal export, australian import, australian export, newcastle, colliers, coastal trade, steamships

This is one of two cast brass nameplates of James & Alexander Brown in our collection. The Newcastle, NSW, firm was renowned for its coal mining and exporting business established in colonial Australia in 1843. The firm had an office in Melbourne and sold coal for commercial use and from the Wharf for the domestic market. The coal was then distributed along the southwest coast of Victoria in steamships or steam packets and into the regional areas of Victoria by cart and wagon. In 1890 there was a strike of coal workers but the Geelong Advertiser, September 1, 1890, announced that “a firm of coal merchants only recently received some large cargoes from Newcastle”. This supply of coal could have originated at the colliery of James & Alexander Brown. About James & Alexander Brown: - James (1816-1894), John (1823-1846) and Alexander Brown (1827-1877) migrated with their parents from Scotland to Sydney, Australia, in 1842. The next year James leased land and was assisted by his brothers Alexander and John in mining coal in the area near Maitland. The market was very competitive, with the government controlling prices. James was instrumental in a legal battle that resulted in the introduction of open competition for coal mining. James and Alexander had become business partners by 1852 and moved south of Newcastle where they established and worked a profitable mining enterprise. Their assets by 1857 included a ships’ chandlery, a fleet of steamships and an overseas trading business. They were the first firm to import rum, sugar and coffee into Newcastle. By 1892 they were exporting coal to New Zealand, China, North America, and various colonial ports. They had elaborate workshops to service their own steam engines and steamships. They were the first to use a steam collier vessel in Australian waters and they set up the second tug boat in Newcastle, the beginning of being owners of many more tug boats and performing a towing business. By 1868 James & Alexander Brown was the largest coal producer in the colony. James focused on managing the colliery and Alexander on overseas trade. It was estimated that the firm had produced over eight per cent of coal in New South Wales by 1914. James & Alexander Brown advertised in the Melbourne Herald in the early 1900s and kept an office at Queen Street, Melbourne as well as at the Wharf, stating their telephone numbers for both places. The coal was available for ‘Immediate Delivery’ for household and industrial purposes. The advertising claimed that their Pelaw Main coal was the famous household coal that met the highest test in Australia and burned bright and clean. Domestic customers could purchase the coal at the wharf or pay for delivery. Commercial customers could load their purchases into their steamships or wagons for further distribution into regional Victoria. After James’s death in 1894 his son John managed the firm, which was also known as J & A Brown. John passed away in 1930 and his sons took over. In 1931 the firm amalgamated with Abermain Seaham and the new name was J & A Brown & Abermain Seaham Collieries Ltd. commonly abbreviated to JABAS, which merged with Caledonian Collieries Ltd in 1960 and Coal & Allied Industries Ltd. was formed. The pair of nameplates is significant for its connection with the firm James & Alexander Brown. The firm was established in 1845 and became one of the largest collieries in colonial Australia. It was involved in trading within Australia and overseas. James was involved in the introduction of open competition for coal mining prices. They were the first to use a steam colliery in Australian waters and the first to import goods such as rum, sugar and coffee into New South Wales. The firm had a Melbourne office in the early 1900s, selling and distributing coal throughout Victoria, which likely included the Port of Warrnambool, which opened in 1890. The nameplates are likely to have originated from the Melbourne location.Brass Entrance Name Plate, one of a pair. Eight holes are formed through the plate; one in each corner, and four more holes are within the inscription area. The cast plate has three rows of text with the company’s name and type of business. The plate was owned by James & Alex. Brown. "JAMES & ALEXR. BROWN / COLLIERY PROPRIETORS / & STEAMSHIP OWNERS"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, nameplate, james & alexander brown, j & a brown, james & alexr brown, colliery proprietors, steamship owners, ship chandlers, coal mine, coal export, australian import, australian export, newcastle, colliers, coastal trade, steamships