Mauve and Pink cover with a painting of a large brown lace up boot. The book title is depicted on a wrought iron sign. non-fictionBerlin, 2010: A deathbed promise launches Kathy Giuliano on a quest for the truth about her family during World War II. Alone, she travels to Berlin in search of an enigmatic octogenarian who holds the keys to the past. The only clues to his identity and whereabouts and are a black-and-white photograph and an outdated address in Reinickendorf. England, 1938: After fleeing Nazi Germany for the safety of England, a teenage boy is captured when Churchill gives the order to 'collar the lot'. One of 2,000 prisoners on the hell-ship Dunera, he is sent to Australia. At the 'family camp', he makes footwear and forms life-long friendships. Eight years later, what does he find when he returns to Berlin? Victoria, 1943: With the Japanese at Australia's doorstep, a mother and daughter are arrested at their cane farm in far north Queensland and sent 'down south'. Their crime? Teaching the Italian language to school-children. The internment camp at Tatura changes everything. The secrets they share must be kept for the rest of their lives.ww2 italians, internment, tatura, queensland, debbie terranova, berlin

WW2 Italian badges on display board 7 small brass shoulder boards 3 large brass shoulder boards

The sketch is of Marco Gazzi and internee during WW2, an Italian Dunera boy and drawn by Kurt Winkler (Kurwin) in 1943.Sepia photograph (x 2) of a mans head and shoulders, facing to the left of the photograph. Wearing a beanie and uniform.marco gazzi, italian internee, dunera boy, kurt winkler, kurwin

These Pendants appear to be Italian WW2 Youth pennants.All three, triangular shaped pendants, green, white, red stripes, central shield shape black with white cross on red background.pendants, souvenirs

Italian badges - ZONA CCNN known as the Blackshirts were fascist paramilitary squads in Italy during WW2.. Blackshirts were distinguished by their black uniform and loyality to Mussolini and were officially known as the Voluntary Militia for National Security.(MVSN)The Blackshirts (Italian language: camicie nere, CCNN) were fascist paramilitary armed squads in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. Blackshirts were officially known as the Voluntary Militia for National Security (MVSN) Two brass badges in the shape of a shield with a sword in the centre below and spread eagle. One has a black background the other red and black. ZONA CCNN XIII on one and XII on the otherZONA CCNN italian, fascist badges, mvsn, blackshirts, ww2

Relates to Kenneth Thomas Knight, No. 13026 RAAF. Enlisted 12/2/41 age 21 yrs 2 months. Various postings in Australia then embarked Egypt 1/9/41 serving in Malta, Cyprus and Italy before returning to Australia 27/9/45. Discharged 8/1/46 as a Corporal Armourer. Part of the collection of William (Bill) Thomason. Refer Cat No. 4136P.Green hard cover pay book. 25 pages with name and no. on front. Inside is cream colour paper containing instruction details, pay rates, payments, next of kin, medical history.Front, back and inside stamped cancelled and discharged on front written, name and no.raaf, armourer, kenneth thomas knight, collection of william (bill) thomason

Order issued by Field Marshall Alexander, Commander of the Mediterranean Theatre on completion of the European War. Part of the collection of William (Bill) Thomason. Refer Cat No. 4136P.1. Portrait colour photo of Field Marshall Alexander in full uniform, looking into the camera at his headquarters in Italy in 1944, on the front of a postcard. The post card is blank. 2. Special Order of the day issued on 2nd Mar 1945 by Allied Force HQ for the end of WW2. Issued to all serving personnel of the Mediterranean Theatre, thanking them for their efforts. On a single A5 sheet of paper and signed by Field Marshall Alexander.collection of william (bill) thomason, photograph, field marshall alexander

Part of Thomason collection of militaria and memorabilia. This album contains National Socialist and personal postcards, and also American news and officially sourced photographs. The album was likely taken as booty by an unknown American during the Italian campaign and added to later. Part of the collection of William (Bill) Thomason, refer catalogue number 3136P for more items. . Plastic covered A5 size phot album containing postcards from WW1 and WW2 periods. Includes personal correspondence postcards from WW1 era.postcards, ww1, ww2

Part of Thomason collection of militaria and memorabilia. Album dating from 1950's contains reproductions of photographs known to exist elsewhere. Featuring ground crew operations of 3 Squadron RAAF in Africa, Malta, Sicily and Italy. Part of the collection of William (Bill) Thomason, refer catalogue number 3136P for more items. . Photo album dating from 1950's featuring official distributed photographs featuring No 3 Squadron RAAFpostcards, ww1, ww2

Propoganda book on Mussolini's Tour of Germany 1937. Part of the collection of William (Bill) Thomason. Refer Cat No. 4136P.100 page book of script and photos of Benito Mussolini touring Germany Circa 1937. Front cover with image of Mussolini and Adolph Hitler standing watching a Military Parade. Contents mainly photos of his tour with some opening commentary.A name scribbled inside 1st page.collection of william (bill) thomason, book, italy, pre ww2

John Bruce MacCathie. POB: Dalkeith, Scotland. DOB: 4 AUG 1923. WWII: He served in the Royal Navy, Service No C/JX340061. POST WWII: As a member of the British Armed Forces he applied to stay in Australia – the National Archives holds his application form. MARRIAGE: He married Isabel Noel Fulton in 1949, in Vic. AUST. MIL. FORCES: He joined the Aust. Army and served from 1953 to 1977. His number then was 35175 in the Royal Aust. Engineers. His last rank was Sergeant. Returned Service League: He spent some time as a member of the Castlemaine Sub Branch. DEATH: He died 28 JUN 2005. His remains are in the Garden of Remembrance, Springvale, VIC. FAMILY: He was survived by his wife Isabel ( dec 2020) and two children. Ribbons 1. 1939-45 Star 2. Atlantic Star with Rosette, 3. Africa Star with Rosette. 4. Italy Star, 5. Defence Medal, 6. War Medal 1939-45, 7. General Service Medal 1962, 8. Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.1. Jacket - Khaki, woollen. On both arms are Sergeants cloth stripes and a cloth badge for Royal Aust. Engineers. It has eight medal ribbons on left breast. 2. Trousers - Khaki, woollen. Zip fly, no cuffs on ankles. 3. Lanyard - cotton, black. Small loop one end, large loop at other end.Written in jacket is “35175 MacCathie” A tag in jacket shows his Navy no. “C/JX340061” - British Navy.post ww2, uniform, winter, passchendaele barracks trust

Medal issued by Italian Government to those who served in Ethiopia 1939-45.Round medal - a dark brown heavy medal, black and blue ribbon with bar.Front: D'ITALIA.IMP.DI.ETHIOPIA.VITT.EM.111.RE, Head Profile. Back: AFRICA ORIENTALE. MOLTI NEMICI MOLTO ONORE. Bar on Ribbon - Dagger with laurel.ww2, medal, ethiopia campaign

refers to the service of LAC Lance & Percy Coates.Small booklet. The cover is a soft red colour. It shows 3 searchlight beams. The printing is in white. Bottom right corner is a sticker from McGills Agency, Melbourne. It is fastened with two staples. It has 65 pages of aircraft photos and data.Inside 1st page is written LAC Coates.ww2, italy, aircraft

These Italian grenades were developed near similtaniously during WW2, named “OTTO, BREDA SRCM”. They were nicknamed “Red Devils” by the British in the Desert campaigns and had an effective range of 10 - 15 metres..1) .2) .3) Three versions of the Italian Model 35 Hand Grenade, all cylinder shaped painted red with differant styles of black top/side workings.otto.breda.srcm, italian grenades

Suitcase was made by Italian POW's at the prison camp in Murchison, Victoria in the 1940's. Refer Cat No 3673 for other items re POW's. Suitcase made from varnished timber & masonite. Metal handle hinges & locks.container, suit case, pow, italian

'Guinea Gold' newspaper was produced for Australian troops in New Guinea. Articles consist of reports from various war zones plus Australian home news. Paper collected by Arthur Ward Cooper No. VX132160. Part of the Cooper Collection.Four page newspaper with black text. paper is light brown in colour. Black and white photograph on page 3. Black and white map of Italy on page one. Banner bears the title "Guinea Gold" in large black type.cooper collection, newspaper, guinea gold, arthur ward cooper

The seven photographs shown above are part of an anonymous donation by a relative of the photographic collection of a former member of No. 3 Squadron RAAF 1939-1945. They cover the African, Sicily and Italian campaigns. The entire collection comprises 175 photographs. The collection has been divided into sets depicting various aspects of 3 Squadron operations. The above images are representative of this particular set of 39 photographs, featuring the various aircraft used by No. 3 Squadron, mainly the P40 Kittyhawk and variants. The museum had digitized the complete set.Set of 39 black and white photographs featuring aircraft flown by No. 3 Squadron RAAF in WW2. The full set numbering and description is as follows: 9662.01P 3 Squadron Africa P40.jpg 9662.02P 3 Squadron Africa Lysander.jpg 9662.03P 3 Squadron badly damaged P40 Tripoli.jpg 9662.04P 3 Squadron Italy P40 with nose art .jpg 9662.05P 3 Squadron P40 Italy 1943.jpg 9662.06P 3 Squadron P40s.jpg 9662.07P 3 Squadron Mustang Italy 1944.jpg 9662.08P P40 caption Sicily 2.jpg 9662.09P P40 Sicily.jpg 9662.10P 3 Squadron bad prang Sicily.jpg 9662.11P 3 Squadron P40 showing tail fin.jpg 9662.12P 3 Squadron Mustang Italy .jpg 9662.13P 3 Squadron Mustang Italy dispersal.jpg 9662.14P Africa Lysander.jpg 9662.15P Africa Lysander.jpg 9662.16P Africa Lysander.jpg 9662.17P Africa Spitfire of 417 Squadron RCAF.jpg 9662.18P American P40.jpg 9662.19P Caption The famous Spitfire.jpg 9662.20P Italy Foggia.jpg 9662.21P Italy P40 .jpg 9662.22P Italy P40 Caption On the job in Italy.jpg 9662.23P Italy P40 taken in Italy.jpg 9662.24P P40 Africa.jpg 9662.25P P40.jpg 9662.26P P40 250 Squadron RAF Sicily Sicily.jpg 9662.27P P40 Africa.jpg 9662.28P P40 ground crew.jpg 9662.29P P40 Italy .jpg 9662.30P P40 loaded with bombs.jpg 9662.31P P40 of 112 Squadron RAF.jpg 9662.32P P40 prang caption Sicily.jpg 9662.33P P40 prang caption Sicily.jpg 9662.34P Pranged P40s from 112 and 250 Squadrons RAF.jpg 9662.35P P40s taking off.jpg 9662.36P Mustang Italy 1944.jpg 9662.37P Sicily P40 bad prang caption taken in Sicily.jpg 9662.38P Squadron P40 prang.jpg 9662.39P Gloster Gladiator Africa .jpgno. 3 squadron raaf 1939-1945, p40 kittyhawk, african campaign ww2

The seven photographs shown above are part of an anonymous donation, by a relative, of the photographic collection of a former member of No. 3 Squadron RAAF 1939-1945. They cover the African, Sicily and Italian campaigns. The entire collection comprises 175 photographs. The collection has been divided into sets depicting various aspects of 3 Squadron operations. The above images are representative of this particular set of 31 photographs, featuring Italian and German aircraft abandoned by the Axis as the Allies advanced through Africa and Italy. They range from various versions of the ME109, German bombers and rare and interesting Italian aircraft. The museum has digitized the complete set.Set of 31 black and white photographs featuring German and Italian aircraft shot down, shot-up and captured at airfields taken over by 3 Squadron . The full set numbering and description is as follows: 9663.01P Africa BF109E.jpg 9663.02P Wrecked Junkers 52 Africa.jpg 9663.03P BF 109 and JU 88.jpg 9663.04P BF 109 worse for wear.jpg 9663.05P Caproni Ghibli caption - Italian kite Gibly.jpg 9663.06P Caproni transport.jpg 9663.07P Fiat CR42.jpg 9663.08P Focke Wulf 109 Italy Foggia.jpg 9663.09P Focke Wulf 190F8 of SG4 Italy 1944.jpg 9663.10P FW109 and JU88 Italy.jpg 9663.11P Heinkel III Africa.jpg 9663.12P Heinkel III.jpg 9663.13P Henschel HS129.jpg 9663.14P Italy Fiat CR42.jpg 9663.15P Italy Fiat G50.jpg 9663.16P Italy Junkers 88 Squiggle camo.jpg 9663.17P Italy Junkers 88.jpg 9663.18P Italy Messerschmitt 109G.jpg 9663.19P Italy Sicily Junkers 88 of Kampfgeschwader 54.jpg 9663.20P JU 87 Stuka and BF 109.jpg 9663.21P JU 88 Italy Foggia.jpg 9663.22P JU 88.jpg 9663.23P Junkers 88.jpg 9663.24P Macchi C200 Saetta.jpg 9663.25P ME 109 Africa 2.jpg 9663.26P ME 109 Africa.jpg 9663.27P ME 109.jpg 9663.28P ME 110 in boneyard.jpg 9663.29P Messerschmitt 109E with Italian post-armistice markings 9663.30P Italian Savoia Marchetti SM81.jpg 9663.31P Italian Piaggio P108.jpgno. 3 squadron raaf 1939-1945, african campaign ww2, italian campaign ww2, luftwaffe, regia aeronautica

The seven photographs shown above are part of an anonymous donation, by a relative, of the photographic collection of a former member of No. 3 Squadron RAAF 1939-1945. They cover the African, Sicily and Italian campaigns. The entire collection comprises 175 photographs. The collection has been divided into sets depicting various aspects of 3 Squadron operations. The above images are representative of this particular set of 34 photographs, featuring allied aircraft from British and American squadrons that that shared airfields with 3 Squadron in Africa and Italy. Of note are the photographs from Foggia in Italy, home to dozens of bomber and fighter squadrons. The museum has digitized the complete set.Set of 34 black and white photographs featuring Allied aircraft from other squadrons, Australian, British and American. The full set numbering and description is as follows: 9664.01P Avro Anson Africa.jpg 9664.02P B 17 Italy 2.jpg 9664.03P B17 Italy.jpg 9664.04P B17 Lil Joan 346 Bombr Squadron 99th bomb group Italy.jpg 9664.05P B17.jpg 9664.06P B24 Foggia Italy.jpg 9664.07P B24 Liberator Italy.jpg 9664.08P B24 Transport.jpg 9664.09P B25 Mitchell 1943.jpg 9664.10P B25 Mitchell Italy.jpg 9664.11P Beaufighter with nose radar.jpg 9664.12P Beaufighter.jpg 9664.13P Beaufort.jpg 9664.14P Bristol Blenheim.jpg 9664.15P Bristol Bombay 1st Ambulance Air Unit Africa.jpg 9664.16P Crashed Havoc.jpg 9664.17P Crashed Liberator Italy.jpg 9664.18P Crashed Spitfire.jpg 9664.19P DeHavilland DH86 .jpg 9664.20P Formation of Baltimores at Mtapin Malapis.jpg 9664.21P Havoc.jpg 9664.22P Hawker Fury Africa.jpg 9664.23P Lightening.jpg 9664.24P Lockheed Hudson.jpg 9664.25P Mosquito.jpg 9664.26P P38 Lightning Italy.jpg 9664.27P P47D Thunderbolt.jpg 9664.28P P47G Thunderbolt .jpg 9664.29P Shanghai Lil insignia on Mitchell Loggia Italy 1943.jpg 9664.30P Vultee Vengeance .jpg 9664.31P Walrus.jpg 9664.32P Wellington.jpg 9664.33P Wimpy.jpg 9664.34P Harrow.jpgno. 3 squadron raaf 1939-1945, african campaign ww2, italian campaign ww2, raf squadrons, usaaf squadrons

The seven photographs shown above are part of an anonymous donation, by a relative, of the photographic collection of a former member of No. 3 Squadron RAAF 1939-1945. They cover the African, Sicily and Italian campaigns. The entire collection comprises 175 photographs. The collection has been divided into sets depicting various aspects of 3 Squadron operations. The above images are representative of this particular set of 45 photographs, featuring aircrew, groundcrew and other personnel. The museum has digitized the complete set.Set of 45 black and white photographs featuring groundcrew, aircrew and other personnel . The full set numbering and description is as follows: 9665.01P Africa 14-7 The end of a burnt out Kittyhawk.jpg 9665.02P Africa 16-2 Ikingi Maryat camp near Alexandria.jpg 9665.03P Africa 18-5 Benghazi.jpg 9665.04P Africa 22-1 Tripoli.jpg 9665.05P Africa 23-5 Cooks at Marble Arch Africa.jpg 9665.06P Africa17-3 Pongo Dan Hughes in underground hut El Hamma.jpg 9665.07P Airfield Italy.jpg 9665.08P Antiaircraft.jpg 9665.09P Bofors crew.jpg 9665.10P Bomb 1.jpg 9665.11P Bomb 2.jpg 9665.12P Bomb 3.jpg 9665.13P British regiment awaiting invasion embarkation.jpg 9665.14P Caption Cape Fil Ami.jpg 9665.15P Christmas dinner Foggia 2.jpg 9665.16P Christmas Dinner Foggia.jpg 9665.17P Crashed Italian aircraft.jpg 9665.18P DC 3.jpg 9665.19P Dead German artillery crew.jpg 9665.20P Goundcrew 3.jpg 9665.21P Graves desert.jpg 9665.22P Graves in Italy.jpg 9665.23P Groundcrew 1.jpg 9665.24P Groundcrew 2.jpg 9665.25P Italy Foggia 3.jpg 9665.26P Italy Foggia 4.jpg 9665.27P Italy 2.jpg 9665.28P Italy 21-3 Foggia.jpg 9665.29P Italy Foggia 10.jpg 9665.30P Italy Foggia 2.jpg 9665.31P Italy Foggia 5.jpg 9665.32P Italy Foggia 6.jpg 9665.33P Italy Foggia 7.jpg 9665.34P Italy Foggia 8.jpg 9665.35P Italy Foggia 9.jpg 9665.36P Italy Foggia.jpg 9665.37P Italy.jpg 9665.38P Jack Jones in a cargo bus DC3.jpg 9665.39P Jack Rourke and his uncle.jpg 9665.40P P40 Maintenance.jpg 9665.41P Sicily on the way to Sicily.jpg 9665.42P Sicily DC3.jpg 9665.43P Sicily Douglas DC3 .jpg 9665.44P Tripoli Kings Birthday Tripoli.jpg 9665.45P Unknown pilot.jpgno. 3 squadron raaf 1939-1945, african campaign ww2, italian campaign ww2

The four photographs shown above are part of an anonymous donation, by a relative, of the photographic collection of a former member of No. 3 Squadron RAAF 1939-1945. They cover the African, Sicily and Italian campaigns. The entire collection comprises 175 photographs. The collection has been divided into sets depicting various aspects of 3 Squadron operations. The above images are representative of this particular set of 45 photographs, featuring places and miscellaneous subjects . The museum has digitized the complete set.Set of 23 black and white photographs featuring landscapes and miscellaneous subjects . The full set numbering and description is as follows: 9666.01P Africa Alexandria.jpg 9666.02P Africa Indians in Bren carrier.jpg 9666.03P Blown bridge 1.jpg 9666.04P Blown bridge 2.jpg 9666.05P Blown bridge 3.jpg 9666.06P Bridge.jpg 9666.07P Camp at Gates.jpg 9666.08P Crusader tank.jpg 9666.09P Foggia 2.jpg 9666.10P Foggia.jpg 9666.11P Grant tank.jpg 9666.13P Honey tank.jpg 9666.14P Italy Foggia 4.jpg 9666.15P Italy Foggia 13-2.jpg 9666.16P Italy Foggia 3.jpg 9666.17P Italy Foggia 5.jpg 9666.18P Italy Foggia 6.jpg 9666.19P Italy Foggia 7.jpg 9666.20P Italy Foggia.jpg 9666.21P Italy.jpg 9666.22P Jerusalem British war cemetary.jpg 9666.23P Officers in jeep.jpg 9666.24P Sign in Africa.jpgno. 3 squadron raaf 1939-1945, african campaign ww2, italian campaign ww2

Allan Frederick GOODALL DFC. (Born Ringwood, enlisted Melbourne) in the RAAF on 10.10.1941 No 409828 age 18 years. He was mustered as Aircrew on elisted and was designated as WO/AG ( Wireless operator Air Gunner) on 23.7.1942. he rose through the ranks from AC2, LAC, Sgt, F/Sgt, W/O, F/O to Flt/Lt on 1.3.1945. Embarked for England on 24.8.1942 and posted to RAF Station Bournemouth on 18 .11.1942, posted to MEC (Middle East Command) with 150 Sqd RAF flying Wellingtons from North Africa. On 21.12.1943 on a non operational flight from Africa to Italy his flight crashed into Mt Etna, they were coming out of a cloud when the Pilot saw Etna. Allan as least injured made sure his mates were okay and sheltered he walked down to a nearby village (Maletto) to get help. Allan spent from 21.12.1943 to 5.1.1944 in hospital with Abrasions. He was awarded the DFC (Distinguished Flying Cross) in 1944 for operations over Italy, at the time he was classed as Sqd Signals Leader. According to his records he flew 37 Operational sorties. He was discharged from the RAAF on 3.1.1946. The crew of the Plane were; Bruce Hayman (NZ) Pilot, Fractured leg. Allan Goodall Aust (WOP/AG) abrasions and injured wrist. Alan Warner (Aust) Navigator, Fractured Ankle. Y.F.Redknap (UK) injured shoulder. C.A. Carr (UK) Fractured Dorsal Spine. J.E. Ward (UK) Dislocated shoulder. Alfred Dugdale (UK) Deceased. Tony Moore (UK) Deceased. Both are buried at the Catania War Cemetery Sicily. Refer Cat No 1025P for his photo.543.1 Medal-Distinguished FLying Cross won by FO Alan F Goodall. Rear of medal is engraved "Italy FO Alan Goodall 1944" 543.2 Case-to suit DFC above. Case rear has a note "Alan's sister Jean, Mrs R.T Mitchell, 22 O'Dea Cres Kangaroo Flat 3555 471428." Written inside case in pen "F/O Alan Goodall Bendigo Won in Italy 1944 Presented by HRH Duke of Gloucester 13-11-1946"awards, dfc ww2, raaf

Framed photograph of Flight Lieutenant E W LinsPlaque affixed; "Donated to THE FRANKSTON RSL 23-8-93 By FLIGHT/LIEUT. E.W. LINS R.A.F - R.A.A.F CX 203 - 521A . ATTACHED 4 YEARS 1942 1946 MIDDLE EAST - ITALY - SICILY "LEST WE FORGET"ww2, e w lins, raaf

No provenanceshows geographic details and extent of WW2 but is undatedPhoto Album- padded covers with black card inserts with mounted B/W photos attached. Several pics missing.Front has 2 coloured images of Japan. Back has 1 coloured image. Inside Front cove is colour pic of Aquitania. First page contains 'pin-up' pics of pre-war starlets Idntifying pics include: Ocean Escort-Australian Convoy,Colombo-Suez, February 1940. Moonstone captures sub (Med 1940, sub Galileo Galilei). Nice work Kimberley H L Anderson. HMS Kimberley served in North Sea and Med. Dyatalawa=town in Sri Lanka. Berbera=British Somaliland taken by Italy in 1940. Dyaluma Falls=Sri Lanka. HMAS Sydney (no date or location).mostly pics of ceylon (sri lanka), some locations identified. sme battle scenes and wreckage pics.

Awarded to Alan Bowers (A236814) who was a R.A.A.F. dental mechanic who serverd during WWII including service in Darwin, and then continued in the R.A.A.F. for some years after the end of WWII The Royal Australian Air Force (and all Commonwealth Air Forces) Long Service and Good Conduct Medal: Awarded to NCOs and ORs of the RAAF (RAF, RCAF etc) for 15 years service. A cupro-nickel plated medal, the obverse features the sovereign's head, the reverse features the crown and eagle emblem of the RAAF (and RAF). Officers are eligible for the award provided they have served a minimum 12 years in the ranks. The riband is dark blue and maroon with white edges. This medal ceased to be awarded in Australia in 1975 when it was replaced by the National Medal (and sbsequently the DFSM and DLSM) in the Australian system of honours and awards. http://www.heritagemedals.com.au/medals-1/service-long-service/air-force-long-service-and-good-conduct-medal.html History of the RAAF Dental Branch It took six years following the formation of the RAAF in 1921 for the first Dental Clinic to be established at Point Cook, Victoria. On 10th June 1927 Flying Officer James Carl Rosenbrock commenced work as an RAAF Dental Officer for the FlyingTraining School at Point Cook. As personnel numbers were still relatively small, Rosenbrock was also responsible for the dental care of all Victorian RAAF units, which involved treating members at 1AD Laverton, as well as Air Force Headquarters at Victoria Barracks in Melbourne. As Army Dental Officers were currently caring for RAAF personnel at Richmond, NSW, the Senior Dental Officer of the 3rd Military District in Victoria (SDO 3MD) requested through the military board that a similar arrangement be established, where that the newly appointed RAAF Dentist provide part time dental services to the Army units stationed at Queenscliff. This was seen as an effective reciprocal arrangement, with both units having a Dental Officer in attendance for, in total, around 3-4 weeks a year. Rosenbrock continued to serve as the sole RAAF Dental Officer until the middle of 1933, when the Air Board asked for his service to be terminated following ‘behaviour unbecoming of a RAAF officer'. He had borrowed several sums of money, of around 40 Pounds or so, from junior ranks on base (as well as from the Regimental Sergeant Major) and had failed to pay the money back. He was replaced by a fellow Victorian, FLGOFF Norman Henry Andrews, on the 18th Sep 1933, who went on to become our first Director of Dental Services, and was instrumental in establishing the organisations and conditions of the Branch that are still present today. Through a fair amount of persistence and hard work on the part of Norman Andrews, the RAAF Dental Branch began to expand from 1937, with the introduction of 2 additional positions, at RAAF station Richmond, and at the FlyingTraining School at Point Cook. This gave the RAAF 3 uniformed Dental Officers, which was expanded to 5 in the months leading up to WW2. 4 of these Dental Officers were based in Victoria and 1 at Richmond, with the other two RAAF units being cared for by the Army (as in the case of Pearce in WA) or by civilians (as in Darwin). With the sudden increase in RAAF personnel required at the outbreak of WW2, the number of RAAF Dental Officers increased dramatically, from 5 in 1939, 28 in 1940, 64 in 1941, 147 in 1942, 193 in 1943, 219 in 1944, and peaking at 227 in 1945. RAAF Dental Officers were required to work in a variety of locations, both in and out of Australia. Between 1940 and 1942 a massive construction programme occurred, with new dental clinics being established around Australia. Priority was given to aircrew training units in order to get these personnel dentally fit for operational deployment, but Dental Officers could equally find themselves posted to recruit depots, fixed stations, medical clearance stations, mobile dental sections, and RAAF and civilian hospitals. RAAF Dental Officers were posted to the large dental centres at Ascot Vale (Vic) and Bradfield Park (NSW) when first appointed, where they received military and clinical training, before being deployed to their needed location. Mobile Dental Units When Japan entered the war in 1941, the rapid deployment of troops to northern operational areas with less than ideal dental fitness was extremely high. As a result, the RAAF deployed a range of mobile dental units, either alone or with medical sections, to support the increasing number of isolated deployed personnel within Australia and overseas. There were three types of mobile unit used: a. Mobile Dental Unit – relied on using either a semi-trailer to get around or by building a surgery directly on to the truck chassis, and installing hydraulic chairs, units, x-rays, and laboratory equipment. They were able to move around between small units, such as RAAF radar stations, where they could plug into the local power supply and work immediately. b. Transportable Dental Units – used for stops of longer duration, where field equipment was carried in panniers from one unit to another by road or rail and housed in whatever accommodation was available at the destination. They were often carried within Australia on Tiger Moths and Dakota aircraft. c. Itinerant Dental Units – in some areas, the dental equipment was installed at the RAAF unit and the Dental Officer and their staff would travel from unit to unit, using the equipment available at each location. RAAF Dental BadgeAs the war developed in Europe, it soon became obvious that the RAF Dental support was not capable of supporting the increasing numbers of RAAF aircrew that were being sent for service with the RAF, with only enough Dental Officers available to provide one to every 2000 men ( instead of the preferred 1 to 600). As a result, the RAAF provided a mobile dental unit, fitted out in a caravan and pulled by a Ford V8 Coupe, to travel around England in support of RAAF personnel at various squadrons. Some degree of tact was needed to ensure that the RAF did not take this as a comment on the treatment they were providing, but it proved successful in maintaining a satisfactory state of dental fitness in RAAF personnel, and a second mobile unit was soon dispatched. They were also set up with a laboratory on board as well as the surgery, which was a major difference between the RAF and RAAF, as the RAF did not provide dentures for their troops (the RAAF would, providing they had served for 6 years). In 1943 the RAF was no longer able to provide Dental support to Australian troops in the Middle East, which resulted in the need for a transportable dental unit to be deployed from Australia. It functioned in a similar manner to the RAF, by moving from one squadron to another. It served in the Middle East and Africa, from Cairo across North Africa, to Italy, and eventually back to England to treat returned prisoners of war. GPCAPT Norman Andrews The growth and development of the RAAF Dental Branch owes a debt to one man in particular, GPCAPT Norman Andrews. As the second RAAF Dental Officer to enlist on 18 Sep 1933, Andrews became the principal architect of the structure and organisation of the RAAF Dental Branch leading up to and during WW2. Until early 1940, the RAAF Dental Branch was administered by the Director of Medical Services (Air), which placed it under the control of the Army Medical staff. The Army would provide their Inspector of Dental Services for advice whenever needed. In April 1940, the RAAF Medical service separated from the Army, resulting in the control of the RAAF Dental Branch shifting back to the RAAF. Andrews became the first Director of Dental Services, when the position was created in 1943 as recognition of the higher profile the Dental Branch was now playing in the RAAF Medical service. Until this time, Andrews's title had been as the Dental Staff Officer to the RAAF Medical Service. Andrews was responsible for the establishment of the war-time structure of the Dental service, establishing new dental centres at all major bases, creating mobile and transportable dental units, ensuring the continual growth of the Branch, maintaining professional development of staff through the establishment of a professional journal, and by organising renowned lecturers to speak at RAAF bases. He also believed in visiting as many dental units as possible to see for himself what conditions were like and to talk first-hand to staff in remote units. His itinerary during the war years, both in and out of Australia, shows a large number of trips in a variety of modes of transport in order to reach remote areas where units were serving. He was promoted to GPCAPT in July 1944, as the numbers of Dental Officers soon peaked at 227 towards the end of the war (1 GPCAPT, 9 WGCDRs, 60 SQNLDRs, and 157 FLTLTs). After the war, with the reduction in RAAF personnel required in uniform, the Dental Branch also reduced its numbers significantly. By 1947 there were only 18 Dental Officers serving (many part-time), with 1 GPCAPT, 1 WGCDR, 10 SQNLDRs, and 6 FLTLTs, and only 13 by 1950. With the decrease in Branch personnel numbers, the ‘powers to be' saw fit to reduce the Director of Dental Service rank to WGCDR, and as a result Norman Andrews found that in order to continue serving in the RAAF he would have to wear a reduced rank. This appears to have been a contributing factor in his decision to discharge at the relatively early age of 43 and accept an administrative job as Director of the Victorian Government's School Dental Service. Norman Andrews holds the proud honour of being the founder of the RAAF Dental Branch, which during the war was instrumental in educating servicemen of the importance of dental health and maintaining the dental fitness of troops in a variety of areas. Dental Orderlies (Assistants) The dental orderly mustering was first introduced in 1937. Until that time, medical orderlies were assigned to assist the Dental officer with their duties. As early as 1931 it had been noted by both RAAF and Army Dental Officers working in Victoria and Richmond that a lot of the troubles they were having would be solved by appointing a permanent Dental Orderly. Often they would find that the medical orderly they were assigned was a different one each day, and as a result the administration and work in general was very inefficient. By 1937, with the increase in Dental Officers to 3, it was realised that a Dental Orderly mustering needed to be created. Dental Mechanics/Technicians Before WW2, dental laboratory work was provided by civilian laboratories, as most RAAF units were stationed around metropolitan areas. At this time, service personnel were still required to pay for their own dentures, unless they had served for six years or had their dentures damaged during performance of their duties. In July 1940, mainly in response to the development of more remote RAAF dental units and the increasing demand for dental prostheses, the Dental Mechanic mustering was established. Unfortunately there was a very limited pool of civilian dental mechanics to recruit from, and as a result the RAAF set up a training school at Laverton (which was later moved to Ascot Vale) in June 1941 which conducted an intensive 6 month course in Dental mechanics. Dental mechanics were quickly in demand. In all fixed and mobile dental units at least 1 Mechanic was supplied for each Dental Officer, and indeed the RAAF supplied Dental Mechanics throughout all its deployments, something the RAF were unwilling, or unable, to do. Two grades of dental mechanic existed: the Senior Mechanic (with the rank of NCO), who was competent in all phases of laboratory work; and the Junior Mechanic, who could only handle routine work and not more advanced denture work. The progression to Senior required a further trade test in techniques including setting up, clasp-forming, casting and backing teeth. During the course of the War, two special courses were held for Mechanics. The first, directed at senior mechanics so that they could instruct others, was in 1942 when Acrylic Resin was first introduced as a denture base material, as an alternative to the current option of vulcanite. Later, towards the end of the War, a ‘refresher' course was provided for those that had served for the greatest period of time in order to allow them retraining in techniques that they had not practised during their service and which were common in civilian life. This included cast base dentures, crowns and bridges, partial dentures, and retainers. Towards the end of the War, a course was held with WAAAF trainees to train them as Mechanics. However, as the War was soon to end they never had the opportunity to progress within the mustering to become Senior Mechanics. The RAAF Dental Branch has survived 75 years of turbulence, with reviews of its viability occurring regularly every few years from as early as 1937. The Branch continues to provide excellent service to the ADF community and, despite reduced manpower, will continue to play an important role in Air Force Health operations. http://www.defence.gov.au/health/about/docs/RAAFDental.pdf40cm cupro-nickel plated medal, the obverse features the sovereign's head, the reverse features the crown and eagle emblem of the RAAF (and RAF). A23814 BOWERS.A. A. F.r.a.a.f long service medal, r.a.a.f good conduct, r.a.a.f. dental service medal

Shell for the Cannone da 75/46 C.A. modello 34. This gun fired a 6.5kg shell to an effective range/height 8,500 metres. Australians encountered these weapons in North Africa from 1941 to 1942. Brass shell with cast iron projectile.S M I 14-6-39 L.7 U.T.A.N FIRENZEworld war two, ww2, second world war, italian, north africa, north africa campaign, cannone da 75/46 c.a. modello 34, 75mm anti-aircraft round

Index, ill, maps, p.320.non-fictionCovers Major-General David Belchem career from joining the British Army in 1930 to 1950. He started his career in the Royal Tank Regiment and served in Egypt and Palestine prior to WW2. After the disaster of Greece was posted to General Montgomery's Staff prior to El Alamein and remained with him during the North African campaign. Planning for Invasion of Sicily, Sicily campaign, Italy and then returns to the UK to work with Monty planning Overlord. Was on Montys Staff during the invasion and until the surrender. generals - great britain - biography, david belchem - biography