Historical information

Red Ensign 1801 design. - The British red ensign was altered in 1801 to include the change to the design of the Union Jack. British legislation required, with a few exceptions, that all merchant shipping throughout the British Empire fly the British Red Ensign, without any defacement or modification. The ensign is sometimes referred to as the red duster. The Royal Navy stopped using the Red Ensign in 1864.
This red ensign was used by the Surgeons of the Kyneton District Mounted Rifles to indicate their location.

Significance

The Banner is a large red ensign mounted on a 10 foot long polished wooden pike.

The Banner was used by the Kyneton District Mounted Rifles, later The Royal Volunteer Cavalry Regiment (Prince of Wales Hussars), then Prince of Wales Victorian Light Horse, ancestor units of the modern day 4th /19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse Regiment.

In the binding is the inscription ‘Kyneton Prince of Wales Light Horse’ and three names:
Surg-Major S Smith MRSLE,
Dr McMillan, and
Maj Thirkettle.
These surgeons played a significant role in the military and civil affairs of Kyneton.

Dr McMillan
Dr McMillan was the first surgeon but left KPWLH 2-3 months after its formation and little else is known of him.

Surgeon-Major Samuel Smith
1836 Born, Scotland
1857 Surgeon to the Hon. Hudson Bay Company. Ship “Prince Arthur” from London to Moose Fort, Hudson Bay. June 13 – Aug. 24 1857.
1858 Appointed Medical Officer of large immigrant ship to Port Phillip
1859 Appointed Assistant District Coroner, Castlemaine
1859 Appointed to Castlemaine Hospital
1862 Appointed first resident surgeon and manager of Kyneton Hospital
Foundation member of Kyneton District Mounted Rifles
1874 Appointed Surgeon-Major Kyneton Volunteer Prince of Wales Light Horse
Conducted a private practice in Kyneton.
1909 Died 8 November 1909, aged 73 years

Samuel Smith was a Life Governor of Castlemaine Benevolent Asylum, a member of St Andrews Presbyterian Church, a Mark Master Mason of the Edward Coulson Lodge No 17, Kyneton. He also had a notable collection of stuffed native birds and animals of which he had great knowledge.

Major Thirkettle
1855 Major Thirkettle arrived in Kyneton
Established a timber merchant and ironmongery business in Kyneton with Robert Burton.
1857 By 1857 he was practising as an architect. His house is still standing in Yaldwin St, West Kyneton.
1860 Joined the Prince of Wales Light Horse
1863 Joined Rifle Volunteers and appointed Captain. On their disbandment he was made Honorary Major.
1864 Won Queen’s prize for rifle shooting.

Major Thirkettle was noted for his skill with woodwork. He won many prizes and orders of merit for his models of yachts It is believed likely that he made the wooden pike with its metal head (now missing). He was Tyler of the Zetland Lodge, also Secretary of the MUIOOF and Bowling Club.
1904 Died in Kyneton, aged 75 years

Protection for medical services
The Surgeons’ Banner indicated the location of the Regimental Aid Post. The use of this device in the 1860’s overlapped the adoption of the Red Cross which became the symbol for the protection of sick and wounded soldiers.

In 1864 twelve European nations signed a treaty stating that in future wars they would care for all sick and wounded military personnel, regardless of nationality. They would also recognise the neutrality of medical personnel, hospitals and ambulances identified by the emblem of a red cross on a white background.
The treaty was called the Geneva Convention. This Convention was concerned only with soldiers wounded on the battlefield. Over the years, however, it has been expanded to cover everyone caught up in conflicts but not actually taking an active part in the fighting.

The Surgeons’ Banner complements the Colours of the Kyneton District Mounted Rifles, also held by the Unit History Room, in presenting the colonial period of the Regiment’s history.

Provenance
It is believed that the Banner was manufactured in Britain and brought to Australia by Samuel Smith. After the disbanding of Colonial units, the Banner was in the care of the Shire of Kyneton until presented to the 4/19 Prince of Wales’s Light Horse Regiment on 14 September 1986 on the occasion of the Regiment exercising its right of freedom of entry to the city.

There are many examples of Regimental and King’s/Queen’s Colours held by various organisations. However A Surgeons’ Banner such as this is rare, if not unique, in Australia.



Physical description

A large red ensign, post 1801 design. - The British red ensign was altered in 1801 to include the change to the design of the Union Jack. British legislation required, with a few exceptions, that all merchant shipping throughout the British Empire fly the British Red Ensign, without any defacement or modification. The ensign is sometimes referred to as the red duster. The Royal Navy stopped using the Red Ensign in 1864.

Inscriptions & markings

On the binding is the inscription:
"Kyneton Prince of Wales Light Horse", and three names -

Surgeon Major S Smith MRSLE
Dr McMillan
Major Thirkettle