Showing 4800 items
matching early australia
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Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Henty Family Portrait, 1920s
... australia - early settlers... and southwestern Australia. The connection to Kew (Vic.) is that members ...The Henty family and their descendants were notable settlers in Australia, initially in Western Australia, then in Launceston and finally in Victoria. While most family members settled in Victoria from 1834, others remained in England and in Tasmania. The identity of the woman in this 1920s studio portrait is as yet unidentified. The photograph was purchased by the Society as part of a small collection of Henty memorabilia and portraits from the owner of Moorabool Antiques, Geelong in 2021, which had in turn acquired the item from the estate of Dennis Alston of Alston's Antiques in Hamilton, Victoria.Members of the extended Henty family were notable British settlers of southeastern and southwestern Australia. The connection to Kew (Vic.) is that members of the Henty family owned important mansions in Kew in the 19th century. Stephen George Henty's family lived at 'Findon', and Francis Henty of 'Merino Downs' in the Western District lived in his final years at 'Field Place', Kew. Numerous members of the Henty family are buried in the Boroondara General Cemetery.Oval convex portrait of an as yet unidentified member of the Henty family. The unsigned photograph mounted on a metal backing is sepia tinted. It shows a woman, photographed at an oblique angle, gazing at the photographer. Her dress and hairstyle allow us to date the portrait to the 1920s.henty family, australia - early settlers -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Book, Globe Press Pty. Ltd, Buckley's hope : the story of Australia's wild white man, 1981
... ,on the front cover is a painting of early Australia with Indigenous... of early Australia with Indigenous Australians hunting with spears ...A small soft cover book with a blue/green cover,on the front cover is a painting of early Australia with Indigenous Australians hunting with spears alongside them is a European with long unkept hair and a beard dressed in animal skins,on the back cover is text by the author giving a brief outline of the book.buckley, sorrento, robinson crusoe, port phillip, van diemen's land, colonialism, 1840, convicts, indigenous tribes. -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Image, Bert Hinkler's First Aeroplane
... failed on an early flight to Australia. ... on an early flight to Australia. Bert Hinkler's First Aeroplane Image ...Bert Hinkler's First plane, a biplane, in which Hinkler failed on an early flight to Australia. aeroplane, bert hinkler, biplane, aviation -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Commode Chair, 1930's
... Early Australian homes were built with outdoor bathrooms... is made by R. Fowler Ltd. of Victoria, Australia. Early 20th... Warrnambool great-ocean-road Early Australian homes were built ...Early Australian homes were built with outdoor bathrooms and toilets. A commode chair was a convenient and discreet design to save trips outside in the dark, creating an early form of indoor toilet. The commode chair was designed to look like any other household chair and fitted in with other bedroom furniture. The toilet bucket or chamber pot was hiding beneath a false seat and a lid was provided to cover the pot to help prevent odour and spillage. The bucket would be emptied each morning and washed out. This commode chair belonged to the great great grandmother of the donor and has been kept in very good condition. It was originally one of a pair of two chairs. The Robert Fowler Ltd Pottery was established in 1837 by Irish immigrant Enoch Fowler (1807-1879) in Marrickville, Sydney; his son Robert managed the business from 1873. Initially, the company mainly supplied the building and industrial trades but after the First World War, demand for domestic clayware grew. The company opened a second factory in Thomastown, VIC, in 1927. They are still operating today as one of Australia's leading bathroom products companies. This commode chair is an example of early 20th century bedroom furniture made by the first company to make pottery in Australia.Commode chair, cane chair, padded seat lifts up to reveal toilet seat with enamel bucket and metal lid beneath. Bucket is made by R. Fowler Ltd. of Victoria, Australia. Early 20th century.Bucket Maker's Mark "R. FOWLER LTD. THOMASTOWN VIC"flagstaff hill,, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, commode chair, cane commode chair, robert fowler porcelain ware, bedroom furniture, potty chair, wicker toilet chair, ceramic chamber pot -
Federation University Historical Collection
Magazine, Various car magazines
... May 1898 .3 Early Australian Motor Cars - Restored Cars Jan... motorcycle early australian motor cars restored cars sutton eco ...Various car magazines with articles relating to the Sutton Car..1 Green covered The Australian Cyclist and tourist traveller July 1899 .2 Tan covered Austral Wheel cycling magazine May 1898 .3 Early Australian Motor Cars - Restored Cars Jan/Feb 1974 .4 Ballarat Swap 1990 - Restored Cars .5 Bicycles to Motorcars The Australian Way - Restored Cars Jan-Feb 1976 .6 The Veteran Car Club Gazettenon-fictionVarious car magazines with articles relating to the Sutton Car.australian cyclist, electra, mr h. sutton and his work, austral wheel, messrs. sutton motorcycle, early australian motor cars, restored cars, sutton eco, ballarat swap 1990, the inventive genius of henry sutton, max gregory, sutton tandem motor-bicycle, suttons cycle agency, bicycles to motorcars, the australian way -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Mixed media - Video, RDHS Meeting Presentation - "Early Years of East Ringwood Football Club" - Russ Haines
... Historical Society President and ERFC historian, talks about early... historian, talks about early Australian Rules football in the local ...Digitised video (776MB). Duration: 19 minutes. Recorded July, 2022 (Video is available for viewing at Ringwood & District Historical Society Archives by appointment)In this presentation, Russ Haines, Ringwood and District Historical Society President and ERFC historian, talks about early Australian Rules football in the local area from the time of the formation of the East Ringwood Football Club, through the 1930s, the war years, and the era leading up to the historic 1947 Premiership. -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Book, IPC Books Pty Limited, Australia-The First Hundred Years-Being a facsimile of Volumes I & II of the Picturesque Atlas of Australia-1888, 1886
... , West Side in the early days of Australia.... and social development which characterises the people of Australia. L ...The Picturesque Atlas was designed to give a graphic and summarised conception of Australasian history and life from the days of the earliest Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English and French navigators to the 1880's, embracing such salient events as the landing of Captain Cook in 1770. the discoveries of voyagers, explorers an pioneer missionaries; the founding of the different colonies; the establishment of representative government and the marvellous political, commercial and social development which characterises the people of Australia.Dust cover has an illustration depicting Circular Quay, West Side in the early days of Australia.non-fictionThe Picturesque Atlas was designed to give a graphic and summarised conception of Australasian history and life from the days of the earliest Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English and French navigators to the 1880's, embracing such salient events as the landing of Captain Cook in 1770. the discoveries of voyagers, explorers an pioneer missionaries; the founding of the different colonies; the establishment of representative government and the marvellous political, commercial and social development which characterises the people of Australia.history, australia, explorers, voyagers, missionaries, politics, commercial development, social development -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Equipment - Rescue Equipment
... Unknown use but presumed to be an early Australian made... Australian made marine personal safety light. Assumed to be an early ...Unknown use but presumed to be an early Australian made marine personal safety light.Assumed to be an early marine personal safety light manufactured in Australia. Unable to find reference to confirm usage.a black metal floatation canister with lightBGE Life-Light Pat No. 116271, made in Australia, Cat No L606marine rescue, safety light -
Australian Jazz Museum
Musical Instrument
... The brass cornet was owned by early Australian Jazz... Wantirna melbourne The brass cornet was owned by early Australian ...The brass cornet was owned by early Australian Jazz musician and multi-instrumentalist Benny Featherstone Benny Featherstone is considered "one of the most fascinating and gifted musicians in the history of Australian jazz" (Johnson, Oxford Companion to Australian Jazz, p 154). Once described as "Australia's Louis Armstrong"Buescher brass cornetTrue tone. Pat. Oct 89.07 287335 LP 262 The Buescher Elkhart Ind. U.S.A.benny featherstone, prince of good fellows, thirties, jazz musician, melbourne jazz musician, drummer, 1930 s, buescher cornet, trumpeter, trombonist, clarinetist, pianist, early australian jazz -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, German Settlers of Doncaster
... Information from 'German Pioneer Families in Australia... Pioneer Families in Australia' of early settlers. Information from ...Information from 'German Pioneer Families in Australia' of early settlers.Information from 'German Pioneer Families in Australia' of early settlers.Information from 'German Pioneer Families in Australia' of early settlers.schramm's cottage, von schramm, max rev., orchardists, thiele, henry, lutheran church, athenaeum, john gottfried, anna may, hanke, louise ida, karoline bertha, ernst john, carl william, finger, karl hernrich, christian benjamin, charles henry, ernest f., caroline emma, august, dorothea, ferdinand, eric, neumann, johanne louise, johann, fankhauser, george, john, schramm, rachel, rhoda, joseph, ada, victor, schramm albert, walter, hubert -
Andrew Ross Museum
Furphy Water Cart, circa 1900
... Early Australian water cartage system, used originally...) Kangaroo Ground melbourne Early Australian water cartage system ...Early Australian water cartage system, used originally in agricultural areas, later in theatres of war. Iconic Australian company who pioneered agricultural equipment.Water cart invented by John Furphy, who attended Andrew Ross's school between 1851 and 1855, and manufactured by the Furphy Foundry.Typical 'Good better best' and other words.furphy nixon shepparton kangaroo ground -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Royal Tour, The Royal Tour of Australia in Pictures, early 1950s
... picture of the Queen meeting a group of early Australians... is the Australian flag with white writing of the title, some of the stars ...This book was produced after the Royal tour of Australia and New Zealand 1954 . Many people went to see the Queen as there was a lot of interest in the occasion. This was the first time a reigning monarch had toured Australia and Queen Elizabeth being a new young Queen was very popular and attracted very large crowds where ever she went. Mt Beauty residents including Cubs, Brownies, Scouts and Guides travelled to Benalla Railway Station to see the Queen on the Royal Train. Historical: At the time there was a lot of interest in Royalty. Provenance: Clare Roper, a local lady from Tawonga visited the Queen at Buckingham palace as a representative of CWA and therefore was particularly interested in the Queen's visit. KVHS has the dress that Clare wore, in their collection. Local residents recall travelling in 1954 to Benalla Railway Station to see the Queen on the Royal Train.This book has a blue hard cover with its original shiny paper cover over it. This paper cover is the Australian flag with white writing of the title, some of the stars and the red part in the top left corner. The back of the paper cover is blue with the Southern Cross. On the inside of the hard cover is a full size picture of the Queen meeting a group of early Australians & settlers with a group of soldiers in line saluting and a ship in the background. This picture is repeated on the cover at the back .On cover page in blue ink 'Clare Roper' At back attached with sticky tape to last page - a note: Vanour(?) Books / Mrs C. Roper & Mrs G. Richardson clare roper. queen. royal visit., 1952-1953. cwa. tawonga., queen elizabeth -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Painting - CAROL HOLSWORTH COLLECTION: 1970 NATIONAL BANK PAINTING 'MT. ALEXANDER GOLD DIGGINGS, 1853'
... scattered buildings , some with early Australian flags , men riding... of Australia , by permission of the Trustees -Artist unknown 1853 ...1970 NATIONAL BANK PAINTING REPRODUCTION Mt .Alexander Gold Diggings , 1853 Below the picture title the words - Reproduced by the National Bank in 1970 from the watercolour in the Rex Nan Kivell Collection , National Library of Australia , by permission of the Trustees -Artist unknown 1853 .The background shows numerous scattered buildings , some with early Australian flags , men riding horses .The foreground shows much mining activity with ever -present dogs .tents ,painting, watercolour, gold diggers -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Postcard
... Sepia toned postcard of early style Australian country home... of early style Australian country home double front with verandah ...Also a second identical copy damaged 05390.1Sepia toned postcard of early style Australian country home double front with verandah and skillion on side with picket fence, family posed on verandah dressed in best clothes Tambo Upper VictoriaRiversleigh Tambo Upperpostal services -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, C W Peck, Australian legends : tales handed down from the remotest times by the autocthonous inhabitants of our land : parts 1 and 2, 1925
... Aboriginal people, and also stories of the early pioneers... Aboriginal people, and also stories of the early pioneers ...Peck has collected a range of myths and legends from Aboriginal people, and also stories of the early pioneers in Australia.b&w illustrationscreation stories, myths and legends -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, Some early influences on Australian Art
... Although there was painting from the very early years...Although there was painting from the very early years... the very early years of Australian settlement, for some time ...Although there was painting from the very early years of Australian settlement, for some time the artists experienced trouble with reproducing Australian conditions. It has taken an input of many artists from many places to form what has become "Australian Painting". A history compiled by SHHS member, Arthur Tonkin.Although there was painting from the very early years of Australian settlement, for some time the artists experienced trouble with reproducing Australian conditions. It has taken an input of many artists from many places to form what has become "Australian Painting". A history compiled by SHHS member, Arthur Tonkin.artists, (mr) theodore brooke hansen, (mr) thomas watling, j a horrocks, (mr) s t gill, (mr) conrad martens, (mr) sydney parkinson, (mr) john lewin, (mr) augustus earle, (mr) wilbraham frederick evelyn liardet, buxtons gallery, (mr) walter withers, (mr) giroloma ballatti nerli, (mr) joseph lycett, (mr) john glover, (mr) thomas bock, (mr) thomas wainwright, (mr) george french angus, (mr) william blandowski, (mr) gerard kreft, (mr) eugene von guerard, (mr) ludwig becker, (mr) william strutt, (mr) thomas clark, (mr) robert dowling, (mr) tom roberts, (mr) fred mccubbin, (mr) louis abrahams, (mr) charles condor, (mr) david davies, (mr) herbert daly, r e falls, (mr) douglas richardson -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, Australian Tesselated Tile Company, 1885 - 1912
... Extracts from early minutes of the Australian Tesselated.... pty ltd Extracts from early minutes of the Australian ...Extracts from early minutes of the Australian Tesselated Tile Company from 1885 - 1912.Extracts from early minutes of the Australian Tesselated Tile Company from 1885 - 1912.Extracts from early minutes of the Australian Tesselated Tile Company from 1885 - 1912.tile factories, australian tesselated tile co. pty ltd -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, The Scientific Publishing Co, Stamp Milling of Gold Ores, 1897
... Mills of California; Milling in Black Hills South Dakota; Early... South Dakota; Early Australian methods, more modern Australian ...Brown, hard, cloth covered book of 260 pages, including an index and illustrations. The contents include the Philosophy of the Stamp-Milling Process; Gilpin county colarado; Typical Stamp Mills of California; Milling in Black Hills South Dakota; Early Australian methods, more modern Australian Methods; Gold Milling at Bendigo; Double discharge Mortars in Victoria; Stamp Mills of Otago New Zealand, Review of Australian Practice, Wear and Tear of a Mill; Flouring of Mercury. Illustrations include South Clunes United Company, Crushing Mill at Ballarat, Battery at Bendigo.mining, milling, colorado, ballarat, bendigo, california, clunes, america, united states of america, modern australian methods, star of the east, sebastopol, britannia united, bakery hill, north cornish mill, daylesford, new normanby, north cornish -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - NATIONAL BANK CALENDAR 1974
... views of provincial towns in early Australia. Part two... AUSTRALIA History colonies establishing National Bank calendar 1974 ...National Bank calendar 1974 featuring thirteen coloured views of provincial towns in early Australia. Part two in series. 1. Richmond looking West. 2. New Norfolk [Tasmania] 3. Mount Barker [SA] 4. West Maitland [NSW] 5. Gympie in 1887 [Qld] 6. Sandhurst [Vic] 7. Kiama [NSW] 8. View of Fremantle [WA], 1832. 9. Goulburn [NSW] 10. Yorkton, Port Dalrymple, Van Diemen's Land 1808. 11. Daylesford [Victoria] 12. Stanthorpe, 1888 [QLD]australia, history, colonies, establishing -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Postcard (item) - Black and white postcard, George Symons, Country Bakery, MARYSVILLE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, 1990's
... of/ an early Australian photograph... in the Australian bush. An early sepia photograph of a miner and his family ...An early photograph of a miner and his family standing outside their tent in the Australian bush.An early sepia photograph of a miner and his family standing outside their tent in the Australian bush. This postcard was produced by George Symons as a souvenir of Marysville.AUSTRALIAN/ yesteryear/ CARDS P7 CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS IN THEIR SUNDAY BEST c. 1880 A miner's family dressed in their Sunday best/ outside their tent dwelling./ Despite the difficulties of tent life the woman/ has brought her touch to the camp and is still/ able to dress her family immaculately for their/ Sunday stroll down the track. Photographer Unknown A sepia tone facsimile of/ an early Australian photographmarysville, victoria, mining life, australia, george symons, postcard, souvenir -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Badge - Gerry Gee Tarax Club Badge, 1959-69
... The Tarax Show was an early Australian children’s TV... Show was an early Australian children’s TV program on GTV-9 ...The Tarax Show was an early Australian children’s TV program on GTV-9 in Melbourne running from 1957 to 1969. A favourite character of the show was the mischievous doll Gerry Gee and the Melbourne ventriloquist Ron Blaskett.Gold and black diamond shaped pin with a picture of Gerry Gee, a puppet.Gerry Gee Tarax Clubtelevision, children, gtv 9, melbourne, gerry gee, ron blaskett, pupett -
Disability Sport & Recreation Victoria
Photo, Photo of Bruno Moretti with trophies, 1960s, 1960s
... Bruno Moretti was a key early Australian Paralympian... Collingwood Bruno Moretti was a key early Australian Paralympian ...Bruno Moretti was a key early Australian Paralympian, and a gold and silver medallist in the Paralympics during the 1960s. A founding and later life member of Disability Sport & Recreation, Moretti continued to contribute to the disabled sports movement after his retirement from competition.Black and white photograph of Bruno Moretti with two trophies.The reverse side of the photo has the handwritten description (in pencil): Bruno Moretti BEST PLAYER 1960'S -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Nathan F. Spielvogel, A Gumsucker on the Tramp, 1910
... . 'A Gumsucker on the Tramp' was an early Australian best seller... on the Tramp' was an early Australian best seller with around 20,000 ...Ballarat born primary school teacher and local historian Nathan Frederick Spielvogel was born in 1874 and died in 1956 at Ballarat. A gumsucker is a native of Victoria, Australia. 'A Gumsucker on the Tramp' was an early Australian best seller with around 20,000 copies appearing in several editions Green and blue soft covered book of 108 pages relating to an Australian's Impressions during a lengthy trip to Europe. The book comprises of travel narratives written by Nathan Spielvogel for the 'Dimboola Banner'. nathan spielvogel, travelling, gumsucker -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, Empire Builders In Australia
... Empire Builders In Australia Early Days in New South Wales... Library Empire Builders In Australia Early Days in New South Wales ...Empire Builders In Australia Early Days in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia Author: Edith Ralph Publisher: T. Fisher Unwin Date: 1911Label on spine cover with typed text R.A. 994.02 RAL Pastedown front endpaper has sticker from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Librarywarrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, empire builders in australia -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Book, Paul W. Simpson, Wind jammer : tales of the clipper ship Loch Soy : 1878 - 1899, 2016
... of early Australian maritime history. ... of early Australian maritime history. The book's author Paul W ...“The Loch Soy was built for Aitken, Liburn & Co of Glasgow. She sailed between Britain and Australia for more than twenty years. In that time she established a reputation as a crack wool clipper. … The clipper lasted twenty one years before coming to grief on the jagged shore of Kangaroo Island during the predawn hours of April 24th 1899 ...”--Back cover. Contains biographical information. Includes bibliographical references (pages 407-420) and index.Softcover Book, 442 Pages, Apps 1-9, Bibliography and Index, by Paul W Simpson. Front cover depicts the vessel in question in rough seas (oil painting), wide blue horizontal bands above and below the picture. Back covers is portion of a period photograph of the Loch Soy.non-fiction“The Loch Soy was built for Aitken, Liburn & Co of Glasgow. She sailed between Britain and Australia for more than twenty years. In that time she established a reputation as a crack wool clipper. … The clipper lasted twenty one years before coming to grief on the jagged shore of Kangaroo Island during the predawn hours of April 24th 1899 ...”--Back cover. Contains biographical information. Includes bibliographical references (pages 407-420) and index.clipper, loch, jammer, shipwreck, simpson, kangaroo island, loch sloy ship, wool, transportation -
Australian National Surfing Museum
Photograph, Unknown, Surfboat at Bondi Beach 1923
... on Australian beaches since the early 1900's. This boat at the famous.... Many early Australian surfers were members of Surf Life Saving ...Surfboats have played an important role in saving lives on Australian beaches since the early 1900's. This boat at the famous Bondi Beach can be seen riding a wave to the beach with the standard five man crew. Many early Australian surfers were members of Surf Life Saving Clubs regularly riding the waves in surfboats, surf ski's and other surf rescue craft.Rare image of an Australian surfboat riding a wave at one of Australia's most iconic surf beaches in Sydney during the 1920's.Black and white photograph'Donated by John Pettigrove' on the backsydney, bondi beach, surfboat, surf life saving clubs -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: ADAM LINDSAY GORDON COTTAGE FOLK MUSEUM
... they will link this project with the early Australian pioneers... they will link this project with the early Australian pioneers ...A small soft covered book with coloured illustrations titled 'Adam Lindsay Gordon Cottage Folk Museum.' Dendy Park, Brighton, Victoria, Australia. Brighton City Council and the Brighton Historical Society, with the support of the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) are co-operating in a project which will honour the poet Adam Lindsay Gordon. One hundred years after his death they will link this project with the early Australian pioneers. This project will feature - the Gordon Cottage, horse drawn vehicle displays, relic displays, early market garden displays, and an old fashioned shop. An Aboriginal midden will be reconstructed and a collection of Aboriginal artefacts will be included. An appeal for the project was officially launched on the 25th May, 1969. This book was donated to Lydia Chancellor by Rosalind Landells for the Brighton Historical Society.australia, history, pioneers, lydia chancellor collection, collection, lydia chancellor, australian literature, adam lindsay gordon, poetry, australian history, history, brighton city council, brighton historical society, pioneers, literature, male, person, individual -
Rutherglen Historical Society
Book, Longmans, Green and Co Ltd, Early Colonial Architecture, 1963
... 32 page book on early colonial architecture in Australia...-country architecture colonial Australia 32 page book on early ...32 page book on early colonial architecture in Australia, written by Morton Herman, as part of a series The Arts in Australia. Colour photograph on front cover.architecture, colonial australia -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, Schwerkolt Family: the Australian line, 2012
... Account of Johann August Schwerkolt's early life, migration... August Schwerkolt's early life, migration to Australia in 1849 ...Account of Johann August Schwerkolt's early life, migration to Australia in 1849 and life there.Account of Johann August Schwerkolt's early life, migration to Australia in 1849 and life there. Also of August's youngest daughter Mary and her life and descendants in the USA.Account of Johann August Schwerkolt's early life, migration to Australia in 1849 and life there. schwerkolt, johann august, schwerkolt, paulina, schwerkolt, maria catherina wilhelmine, jackschowsky, mary elizabeth -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pot Boiler, circa early 1900s
... in Australia until the mid 1900's. The catch cry of those "early... in Australia until the mid 1900's. The catch cry of those "early ...This cast iron "boiler" was produced by one of the largest foundries in England during the late 1700's and onwards. These products were "shipped to the far realms of the "British Empire". This source was one of the only ones available to the early settlers in Australia until the mid 1900's. The catch cry of those "early " times was "the best of British" which was ingrained into the early (Australian) settler's iron and cast iron purchasing mind set. It was not until after World War II did that mindset change, when both American and Asian based manufacturers' products were accepted by the Australian consumer. The city based consumer embraced the swing a lot earlier than the more "traditional" rural consumer. This cast iron 8 gallon "boiler" is very significant to the Kiewa Valley not only that large "boilers" were used to "boil" clothes clean, over an open flame source, but also because it demonstrates one of the most important "rural" mores founded by the "early" settlers in this region. That more was the very "close" tie to "Mother England" and the "establishment". The social and "family" values from the "English" way of life was ingrained until well past the day of the "Australian Federation". It was not until the friendly "American soldier" invasion during World War II that the "Empire" bondage was being eroded away. The transition from the good "rural war cry" of "Australia prospers off the sheep's back" was slipping away and the industrial monolith started its challenge. This change was the slowest in semi remote rural centres such as the Kiewa Valley. The "old English" values lingered on until the mid 1900's.This large (8 gallons) cast iron boiler is oval in shape and has a cast iron (swivel) carrying handle. The handle has a "bend" in the centre position to allow hook and straight type rods to facilitate the positioning of a "hot" boiler. This boiler would have been used over an open fire or placed on top of "coals". On the top rim and evenly spaced between the fixed handle joins is a slightly semi curved balancing/control lip.At the bottom (underneath) "CLARK & Co. PATENT", Below this a six star triangle with the letter "C" in the middle.. On the opposite end "BEST QUALITY" and underneath "8 Gall s"camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking and boiling appliance, drovers kitchen