The Sydenham gardens were set up in 1854 to provide an area of relaxation for diggers. A German, Mr Kraemer, made extensive plantings of ornamentals and fruit trees. The area expanded to 11 acres in 1865 and 25 acres in 1916. T O Hunter owned the gardens from about 1896 and initially it was used for many types of entertainment including, picnics, festivals and sporting events. It was situated off Holdsworth Road in what is now Jackass Flat. T O Hunter was a cordial manufacturer in Macrae Street, who was prominent in many sporting areas. He was President of the Bendigo Coursing Association and raced both dogs and horses. By the time he sold the gardens in 1936 to Mr Muir, he was using the gardens as grazing for his horses.Photograph: aerial view of Sydenham Gardens Estate Circa 1972 , as noted on photo Colour photo, A5 sizephoto sydenham gardens estate, aerial photo

Colour photograph of heat 1 winner No. 6. Dangerous Wish, trained by B. Panetta. Race time of 31.18 secondsclubs and associations, sport, greyhound racing

Colour photograph of greyhounds racing. Race 4 Bendigo Advertiser Grade 5 430 metre. (Yellow) 1st place No. 5 Promises, 2nd place No. 3 Graham Dillon, 3rd place No.7 Heza Currency.clubs and associations, sport, greyhound racing

Three colour photographs of the annual swimming carnival at Bendigo East pool. First of three competitors on starting blocks, the other two showing the race. Date and names unknown.bendigo, institutions, sandhurst boys centre

Each year the National Cycling awards are held in Ballarat.Colour photograph in digital format showing a number of female riders in the National Cycling Road Race, 2012. They are riding on Sturt Street and the Ballarat Town Hall is in the background.ballarat, ballarat town hall, cycling, bicycle

Lal Lal Falls Reserve contains one of the most spectacular waterfalls in the Moorabool Shite. The watefall is part of the on Lal Lal Creek, a tributary of the Moorabool River. and plunges 30 metres from a high basalt column into a deep ravine. Culturally, the Falls are believed to be the earthly home of Bunjil, the All Father or Creator to most Victorian Aboriginal tribes. The name Lal Lal is thought to be Aboriginal for "dashing of waters". The Lal Lal Falls is listed on the Site Registry of Aboriginal Affairs Victoria as a spiritual place. in 1837 a Government Survey Party led by Frederick D'Arcy documented these Falls on the west branch of the Moorabool River. On the reserve opposite, a Race Meeting was held on every New Years Day from 1860 until 1938, attracting crowds of up to 20,000 people. A branch Railway Line was constructed from the Lal Lal station to the Racecourse to convey the crowds.Colour photographs of Lal Lal Falls near Ballarat, Victoria.lal lal falls, waterfall, lal lal, bunjil

Picture appears to be taken in front of the concertina doors in the meeting room of the Ely St fire station.Colour photo inset from frame with printed writing above and below photograph. The photo shows an adolescent boy in uniform squatting down and holding a fire hydrant in front of himabove photo VICTORIAN STATE JUNIOR CHAMPION UNDER FOURTEEN HYDRANT RACE ******10.30 SECONDS****** below photo PAUL GRENFELL(underlined)

The summer aggregate road races have been conducted from the 1930s at the Geelong Cycling Club. The award is made up from points accumulated for road races during the summer season.This award provides an incentive for cyclists to perform at their best on club race days. It is interesting to note that over time awards have changed with the fashion of the time. Cycling trophies have ranged from badges in the early 1900s, to sashes in the mid 1900s, then to shields and to individual trophies.Trophy with a square base and rectangular background in grey coloured imitation marble. A figure of a cyclist in gold colour is placed on the base and there is a plaque at the front of the base."Geelong Cycling Club/Summer Series - 2007-08/Road Aggregate/John Burtt"geelong cycling club; summer series - 2007/08; road aggregate; john burtt;

Leigh Howard was the first Geelong Cycling Club member to achieve these national results at Junior level.Very significant. If we had a Hall of Fame, Leigh Howard would stand at the top.Color photograph of a cyclist on a cycle. The cyclist is competing in a track race. It is mounted on a white background and is framed in a brown wooden frame."Leigh Howard/Under 15/Junior Nationals2003/500m Time Trial Gold Junior Aust. Record 36.65/200 Flyer Gold Junior Aust. Record 12.292/Sprints Gold/Pursuit Silver/leigh howard; junior nationals; 2003; 500m time trial; sprints; pursuit silver;

Thirty years after Geelong Veterans formed, GWCC members still raced both competitions.Recognition of Geelong Cycling Club member's capacity to achieve at a world level.Colour photograph framed in a black wooden frame with gold trim. The photograph is mounted on blue. This is a photograph of the world track cycling master championships in Sydney 2007."World Master Track Cycling Championships/Sydney/2007/3000m Individual Pursuit/Bronze Medalist/Steve Young"world master track cycling championships; 2007; 3000m individual pursuit; bronze medalist; steve young;

The life member medals have GACC Life Member inscribed on the pin bar and the logo of the GACC represented on the medal. The place getter medals have inscriptions of race place getters and the race events inscribed on them. These medals indicate the importance that the Geelong Cycling community placed on - and continues to place on its life members and racing placegetters. Medals in guilded metal, some in gold colour and others in silver to represent placings in races. Broach guilded in gold, blue and white metal. This broach has a pin bar and a piece with the logo of the GACC on it.gacc; ken evans; medals;

Awards such as this trophy were presented at all important race meetings. This award highlights the significance of the presence of women in cycling and to the Club during this period.Trophy depicting a woman cyclist in a silver/gold colour on top of two small wooden pedestals. There is a 04 outline representing the year 2004 on the base pedestal and an inscription in gold on the front of the base. "Geelong West Cycling Club/2004/Women's Aggregate/Natalie Clark"geelong west cycling club; 2004; women's aggregate; natalie clark;

This award provides an incentive for cyclists to perform at their best on club race days. It is interesting to note that over time awards have changed with the fashion of the time. Cycling trophies have ranged from badges in the early 1900s, to sashes in the mid 1900s, then to shields and to individual trophies, and currently to medals.This award provides an incentive for cyclists to perform at their best on club race days. Trophy on stand in embossed gold colour. It has handles to each side of a spiral shape and at the top - a depiction of a laurel wreath and bow surrounding a blue coloured circular centre. It is mounted on a brown bakelite base with an inscription plate set into it."Geelong Cycling Club/2012/Club Champion/2nd Place"geelong cycling club; 2012; club champion; 2nd place;

Messrs Wood and Sellars names are on the trophy in recognition of their service to the Geelong Cycling Club.Club volunteers are important to the club and this trophy serves to recognise endeavours in this field. This trophy is in the shape of a wooden column set on two small wooden bases. The second base has a plaque attached to it with the title of the trophy. The column of the trophy has small rectangular plaques with the name of each winner inscribed on them dated from 2006-2016. Images of two cyclists in an embossed gold colour are fixed to the top of the trophy. "Geelong Cycling Club/Wood/Sellars/Memorial Road Race/Perpetual Trophy/2006/Andrew Graham/2007/Terry Stacy/2009/Brian Happ/2012/Ned Volk/2013/Paul Rettke/2014/Shantelle Maurer/2015/Tony MacKenzie/2016/Josh Williams"geelong cycling club; wood; sellars; andrew graham; terry stacy; brian happ; ned volk; paul rettke; shantelle maurer; tony mackenzie; josh williams;

Darkness and a little light: ?Race? and sport in Australia Colin Tatz (AIATSIS & Australian National University) and Daryl Adair (University of Technology Sydney) Despite ?the wonderful and chaotic universe of clashing colors, temperaments and emotions, of brave deeds against odds seemingly insuperable?, sport is mixed with ?mean and shameful acts of pure skullduggery?, villainy, cowardice, depravity, rapaciousness and malice. Thus wrote celebrated American novelist Paul Gallico on the eve of the Second World War (Gallico 1938 [1988]:9-10). An acute enough observation about society in general, his farewell to sports writing also captures the ?clashing colors? in Australian sport. In this ?land of the fair go?, we look at the malice of racism in the arenas where, as custom might have it, one would least want or expect to find it. The history of the connection between sport, race and society - the long past, the recent past and the social present - is commonly dark and ugly but some light and decency are just becoming visible. Coming to terms: ?Race?, ethnicity, identity and Aboriginality in sport Colin Tatz (AIATSIS & Australian National University) Notions of genetic superiority have led to some of the world?s greatest human calamities. Just as social scientists thought that racial anthropology and biology had ended with the cataclysm of the Second World War, so some influential researchers and sports commentators have rekindled the pre-war debate about the muscular merits of ?races? in a new discipline that Nyborg (1994) calls the ?science of physicology?. The more recent realm of racial ?athletic genes?, especially within socially constructed black athletic communities, may intend no malice but this search for the keys to their success may well revive the old, discredited discourses. This critical commentary shows what can happen when some population geneticists and sports writers ignore history and when medical, biological and sporting doctrines deriving from ?race? are dislocated from any historical, geographic, cultural and social contexts. Understanding discourses about race, racism, ethnicity, otherness, identity and Aboriginality are essential if sense, or nonsense, is to be made of genetic/racial ?explanations? of sporting excellence. Between the two major wars boxing was, disproportionately, a Jewish sport; Kenyans and Ethiopians now ?own? middle- and long-distance running and Jamaicans the shorter events; South Koreans dominate women?s professional golf. This essay explores the various explanations put forward for such ?statistical domination?: genes, biochemistry, biomechanics, history, culture, social dynamics, the search for identity, alienation, need, chance, circumstances, and personal bent or aptitude. Traditional games of a timeless land: Play cultures in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities Ken Edwards (University of Southern Queensland) Sports history in Australia has focused almost entirely on modern, Eurocentric sports and has therefore largely ignored the multitude of unique pre- European games that are, or once were, played. The area of traditional games, especially those of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, is an important aspect of the cultural, social and historical experiences of Indigenous communities. These activities include customs of play that are normally not associated with European notions of competitive sport. Overall, this paper surveys research undertaken into traditional games among Indigenous Australians, as well as proposals for much needed further study in this area. Culture, ?race? and discrimination in the 1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England David Sampson As a consequence of John Mulvaney?s important historical research, the Aboriginal cricket and performance tour of Britain in 1868 has in recent decades become established as perhaps the most famous of all public events in contact history involving Aborigines, white settlers and the British metropolis. Although recognition of its importance is welcome and significant, public commemorations of the tour have enveloped the tour in mythologies of cricket and nation. Such mythologies have obscured fundamental aspects of the tour that were inescapable racial and colonial realities of the Victorian era. This reappraisal of the tour explores the centrality of racial ideology, racial science and racial power imbalances that enabled, created and shaped the tour. By exploring beyond cricketing mythology, it restores the central importance of the spectacular performances of Aboriginal skills without which the tour would have been impossible. Such a reappraisal seeks to fully recognise the often trivialised non-cricketing expertise of all of the Aboriginal performers in 1868 for their achievement of pioneering their unique culture, skills and technologies to a mass international audience. Football, ?race? and resistance: The Darwin Football League, 1926?29 Matthew Stephen (Northern Territory Archive Service) Darwin was a diverse but deeply divided society in the early twentieth century. The Commonwealth Government introduced the Aboriginals Ordinance 1911 in the Northern Territory, instituting state surveillance, control and a racially segregated hierarchy of whites foremost, then Asians, ?Coloureds? (Aborigines and others of mixed descent) and, lastly, the so-called ?full-blood? Aborigines. Sport was important in scaffolding this stratification. Whites believed that sport was their private domain and strictly controlled non-white participation. Australian Rules football, established in Darwin from 1916, was the first sport in which ?Coloured? sportsmen challenged this domination. Football became a battleground for recognition, rights and identity for all groups. The ?Coloured? community embraced its team, Vesteys, which dominated the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL) in the 1920s. In 1926, amidst growing racial tension, the white-administered NTFL changed its constitution to exclude non-white players. In reaction, ?Coloured? and Chinese footballers formed their own competition - the Darwin Football League (DFL). The saga of that colour bar is an important chapter in Australia?s football history, yet it has faded from Darwin?s social memory and is almost unknown among historians. That picture - Nicky Winmar and the history of an image Matthew Klugman (Victoria University) and Gary Osmond (The University of Queensland) In April 1993 Australian Rules footballer Nicky Winmar responded to on-field racist abuse by lifting his jersey and pointing to his chest. The photographic image of that event is now famous as a response to racial abuse and has come to be seen as starting a movement against racism in football. The racial connotations in the image might seem a foregone conclusion: the power, appeal and dominant meaning of the photograph might appear to be self-evident. But neither the fame of the image nor its racial connotation was automatic. Through interviews with the photographers and analysis of the use of the image in the media, we explore how that picture came to be of such symbolic importance, and how it has remained something to be re-shown and emulated. Rather than analyse the image as a photograph or work of art, we uncover some of its early history and explore the debates that continue to swirl around its purpose and meaning. We also draw attention to the way the careful study of photographs might enhance the study of sport, race and racism. ?She?s not one of us?: Cathy Freeman and the place of Aboriginal people in Australian national culture Toni Bruce (University of Waikato) and Emma Wensing (Independent scholar) The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games generated a national media celebration of Aboriginal 400 metre runner Cathy Freeman. The construction of Freeman as the symbol of national reconciliation was evident in print and on television, the Internet and radio. In contrast to this celebration of Freeman, the letters to the editor sections of 11 major newspapers became sites for competing claims over what constitutes Australian identity and the place of Aboriginal people in national culture. We analyse this under-explored medium of opinion and discuss how the deep feelings evident in these letters, and the often vitriolic responses to them, illustrate some of the enduring racial tensions in Australian society. Sport, physical activity and urban Indigenous young people Alison Nelson (The University of Queensland) This paper challenges some of the commonly held assumptions and ?knowledges? about Indigenous young people and their engagement in physical activity. These include their ?natural? ability, and the use of sport as a panacea for health, education and behavioural issues. Data is presented from qualitative research undertaken with a group of 14 urban Indigenous young people with a view to ?speaking back? to these commentaries. This research draws on Critical Race Theory in order to make visible the taken-for-granted assumptions about Indigenous Australians made by the dominant white, Western culture. Multiple, shifting and complex identities were expressed in the young people?s articulation of the place and meaning of sport and physical activity in their lives. They both engaged in, and resisted, dominant Western discourses regarding representations of Indigenous people in sport. The paper gives voice to these young people in an attempt to disrupt and subvert hegemonic discourses. An unwanted corroboree: The politics of the New South Wales Aboriginal Rugby League Knockout Heidi Norman (University of Technology Sydney) The annual New South Wales Aboriginal Rugby League Knockout is so much more than a sporting event. Involving a high level of organisation, it is both a social and cultural coming together of diverse communities for a social and cultural experience considered ?bigger than Christmas?. As if the planning and logistics were not difficult enough, the rotating-venue Knockout has been beset, especially since the late 1980s and 1990s, by layers of opposition and open hostility based on ?race?: from country town newspapers, local town and shire councils, local business houses and, inevitably, the local police. A few towns have welcomed the event, seeing economic advantage and community good will for all. Commonly, the Aboriginal ?influx? of visitors and players - people perceived as ?strangers?, ?outsiders?, ?non-taxpayers? - provoked public fear about crime waves, violence and physical safety, requiring heavy policing. Without exception, these racist expectations were shown to be totally unfounded. Research report: Recent advances in digital audio recorder technology provide considerable advantages in terms of cost and portability for language workers.b&w photographs, colour photographs, tablessport and race, racism, cathy freeman, nicky winmar, rugby league, afl, athletics, cricket, digital audio recorders

This book is a collection of Victorian Indigenous Elders' life stories and oral histories. The Elders share their stories in an attempt to ensure that both sides of Australia's history are finally heard. These stories tell of cultural resistance on missions, of defying assimilation laws, of forever moving around to save children from the welfare. They document the development of both fringe and urban communities and work in the Aboriginal rights movement. They clarify the ways in which these experiences have affected the individual authors along with the indigenous population in general. Also included in the book is a brief history and analysis of the legislation, policies, attitudes and strategies that have affected the lives of the authors and their families since colonisation. This aspect provides an historical perspective, encouraging a deeper understanding of the Elders' stories. Reconciliation can only eventuate with an understanding gained from hearing and including the voices of Indigenous Australians. Contents: The writing team Indigenous elders: keepers of knowledge; custodians of land and culture Aboriginal lands Missions and reserves Growing up running from the welfare /? Aunty Olive Jackson Respecting our Elders /? Aunty Lola James If your mother didn't tell you, then your grandmother did! /? Uncles Les Stewart Don't dwell on trouble /? Aunty Audrey Critch There are my people /? Aunty Gwen Nelson We were all cousins, more or less /? Aunty Iris Lovett-Gardiner Aboriginality is about culture, not colour /? Aunty Dianne Phillips Take up the opportunities we struggled to make /? Aunty Frances Gallagher Home /? Aunty Eileen Alberts We were supposed to forget our Aboriginality /? Aunty Gwen Garoni Not enough heart to say sorry? /? Uncle Brian Kennewell-Taylor Learning from indigenous elders: Keeping the traditions, keeping the culture strong; Since time immemorial; Invasion: the tide ran red; The flood of legislation; Stolen children; Cultural resistance: holding on to children traditions and land; Organised resistance: a movement is born; The 1950s: community resistance to race laws; The price of assimilation; The Aboriginal rights movement; After the flood: self-determination; Turning the tide Bibliography Appendix. Cultural custodianship: developing an indigenous methodology.maps, colour illustrations, b&w photographswiradjuri, victorian indigenous elders, oral histories, yorta yorta, dja dja wurrung, language maps, victorian missions and reserves, lake condah, framlingham, coranderrk, ramahyuck, lake tyers, wahgunyah, cummeragunja, moonahcullah, balranald, ebenezer, maloga, acheron

"The hated Protector" tells for the first time the real story behind the extraordinary experiences of Charles Sievwright, Assistant Aboriginal Protector from 1839-42 in what was then part of the British colony of New South Wales, but is now the Western District of the Australian state of Victoria. Sievwright, an Edinburgh-born former British army officer, lived in the bush with his young family as he tried to save the Aborigines of the District from extinction. In doing so, he would isolate himself from the rest of his fellow whites. The hated Protector tells of this process. The book should appeal to anyone interested in British colonial and Australian history, particularly in the years of first contact between British settlers and the Aborigines. More broadly, it should also appeal to anyone interested a story of one man's battle against overwhelming odds, where the price of failure was numerous deaths. It is a story of hatred, prejudice, courage, determination, and hope. In telling Sievwright's story, Lindsey Arkley draws largely on original archival material, including official reports, journals and letters, found in Melbourne, Sydney, Hobart, Edinburgh and London. Most has never before been published. The archival material is supplemented by contemporary newspaper accounts, and some oral history. Full notes are given to all sources, and the book is indexed and lavishly illustrated with drawings by Joan Bognuda, as well as about 80 paintings and samples of documents. Contents: 1. In the bush 2. "Equal and indiscriminate justice" 3. "A few doses of lead" 4. "A curse to the land" 5. "The most unpopular man" 6. Retaliation 7. A hostage debate 8. Hallucinations 9. A mass escape 10. Possessors of the soil 11. Move to Keilambete 12. Bureaucratic 13. "A hideous pandemonium" 14. Divine visitations 15. Pay backs 16. Explanations 17. A squatter on trial 18. Claptrap and deceit 19. The black cap - 20. To Mt Rouse 21. "The impending evil" 22. In the balance 23. An arrest at Mt Rouse 24. A fair moral name 25. Roger's trial 16. Intensified evidence 27. A declaration of war 28. Mr Cold Morning 29. Holding ranks 30. To rags 31. Fightback 32. Return to London 33. The inquiry 34. Judgement 35. And what remains.maps, document reproductions, b&w photographs, colour photographs, b&w illustrationscharles wightman sievwright, racial policies, british colonial history, race relations, victorian history

Register and documentation of massacre sites in ten language groups of Western Victoria; each language group includes details of clans, history of European occupation and government policy.maps, colour photographs, b&w photographsdhauwurd wurrung, djab wurrung, djadja wurrung, djargurd wurrung, gadubanud, girai wurrung, keerray-woorroong, gulidjan, jardwadjali, watha wurrung, wathaurong, wergaia, colonisation, race relations, racism, european occupation, government policy

"A landmark history of Indigenous Australia which accompanies a major nine part Australian television series. It combines the most rigorous academic research with capitvating contemporary story-telling. Richly illustrated book that includes images of the landscape, evocative ninteenth-century photography and Aboriginal art. Written by Australia's leading Indigenous historian and public intellectuals"--Provided by publisher.maps, document reproductions, b&w illustrations, colour illustrations, colour photographs, b&w photographscolonisation, race relations, australian aboriginal history, pictorial histories

Coral Watkins is a Springvale elder. The photograph appears in the C&N article entitled "Springvale's bridge over troubeld waters". The article relates to race relations.Colour photograph of Coral Watkins and Nhem Dy standing outside Springvale Uniting Church."Coral Watkins with Nhem Dy outside church on 29/1/84 C&N 14/11/84 p.11"watkins, coral, dy, nhem, springvale uniting church

4 Colour sides showing views of the Stawell Trotting Races. in one sleeve.stawell trots, laidlaw park

One of a collection of photos taken from slides by Mr Redmond Wheler, during his time as Head Master a Rutherglen State Higher Elementary SchoolColour photograph of a sports field with a foot race in progressrutherglen schools

Colour photograph of the Duck Race on teh Moyne River held on New Year's Day at Port Fairy. landscape, port fairy, beach, waterscape, moyne river, moyneyana, new years day, duck race

Colour photograph of cyclists. The rider in the yellow shoes is Cadel Evans.cycling, bicycle, cadel evans, road race

Colour photograph of cyclists. The rider front in the yellow shoes is Cadel Evans.cycling, bicycle, cadel evans, road race

Each new year's day there is a duck race at Port Fairy on the Moyne River. Colour photograph of rubber ducks in the Moyne River on new year's day. landscape, river, moyneyana, duck race, fundraiser, slsc, surf life saving club, port fairy, rubber ducks, moyne river