Report on the second annual meeting of the Eltham War Memorial Trust History of the War Memorial Following the end of the First World War, communities across Victoria and Australia typically erected memorials which were predominantly statues, cenotaphs, avenues of honour and plaques. The Shire of Eltham established the Avenue of Honour at the gateway to the shire as well as an obelisk at the corner of Main Road and Bridge street and the Shire of Eltham War Memorial Tower at Kangaroo Ground. After the Second World War communities once again desired to preserve the memories of those who served and paid the ultimate sacrifice. Resources were scarce so there was a transition away from the traditional style memorials that sprang up post 1918 to one of building facilities that would provide ongoing benefit to the community. Even before the end of the Second World War, the citizens of Eltham began to consider an appropriate form of memorial for those from the area who fought and died in the First and Second World Wars. In 1943 the Eltham Women’s Auxiliary raised funds for the construction of buildings to be established on land to be purchased for the proposed War Memorial. On March 27th, 1945, the Eltham District Progress Association called a meeting of local people who in turn set up and registered the Eltham War Memorial Trust Inc. As a focus for the purpose of the memorial, the newspaper notice read:- ‘Those who have had a member of their family in the fighting services will want to see that the form of a memorial we are concerned with is the one which will be a constant reminder to us of those who fought for us and the little ones for whom they fought and died.’ At that meeting it was decided the Memorial should take the form of a baby health centre along with a creche and children’s library. In late 1945, the newly formed Eltham War Memorial Trust purchased the land at 903-907 Main Road Eltham from Miss Shillinglaw, which once formed part of the Shillinglaw farm on Lot 90 of Holloway’s 1851 “Little Eltham” subdivision. The Governor of Victoria, General Sir Dallas Brooks, laid the foundation stone on November 24th, 1950, in memory of those who fell in the Second World War. The Eltham Infant Welfare Centre was opened November 15th, 1952, the Pre-school on December 1st, 1956, and the Children’s Library in 1961. In late 1966 the children’s library service was integrated into the Heideberg Regional Library Service and the building was officially renamed the Eltham War Memorial Hall. Following the opening of the Eltham Infant Welfare Centre, work began in 1953 planning for the entrance to the grounds, which is signaled by a wrought iron arch entitled “Eltham War Memorial” . In 1954 the Eltham War Memorial Trust decided that a legacy provided by the late Councillor Ernest James Andrew (d. 29 March 1950) in memory of his wife, Mrs. Ellen Andrew (d. 13 July 1946) and who are both buried at Eltham Cemetery, should be used to fund the construction of the entrance. A metal plate inscribed to this effect was attached to the gates. Work on the Memorial Gardens was undertaken throughout the following decade, with a Memorial Forecourt included in the final 1956 plans for the Pre-School Centre. A quote was accepted by the Trust in 1963 for the implementation of a memorial garden, which included grading of a sixty-five foot strip at the rear of the Trust buildings and construction of concrete paths. The stone retaining walls at the front of the site were installed in 1968 when Main Road was widened and it is believed that the Memorial Gates were relocated at that time also. Eltham Senior Citizens Centre In 1964, Eltham Shire Council purchased a section of land from the Trust at the northern end of the site, as a provision for Country Fire Authority buildings. At the same time the Elderly Citizens Club proposed a Senior Citizens Centre on the south western section of the Trust’s property. This was approved by the Trust with the provision that the building was constructed in ‘accord’ with those already existing. In 1965 Council took on board the plans for the Senior Citizens Centre and applied for a government grant. These could only be awarded if Council owned the site. In 1962 the Trust had resolved to hand over the assets to Council once the Memorial Gardens were completed. This was in line with Health Department requirements that grants for the ongoing operation and maintenance of the three facilities would only be made once the the facilities were completed and handed over to Council. In 1965 the Department of Health further demanded substantial alterations to the Pre-School playground as a result of the pending impact of the planned Senior Citizens Centre and Main Road duplication. As a consequence, handover of the Trust’s assets to Council was initiated with a formal ceremony held in the Children’s Library on August 28th, 1965. The Trust continued on as a committee of management for another twelve months. Plans and specifications for the Senior Citizens Centre were prepared by March 1966. Council obtained a grant from the Government which covered one third of the cost and the building was completed by April 1967. Whilst the Senior Citizens Centre is contained within the original Eltham War Memorial building precinct, it was not part of the original Memorial and was not funded by the Eltham War Memorial Trust.Newsprint clippingeltham children's library, eltham infant welfare centre, eltham pre-school, eltham war memorial hall, eltham war memorial trust, women's auxiliary

Carl Herman Jess (Sir) CB, CMG, CBE, OBE, DSO had a long distinguished career. This is a very brief summary. Joined the Victorian Volunteer Cadets 1899 to 1906, joined the permanent Military Forces 1906 No 86 age 23 years 4 months and rose through the ranks to Captain when he enlisted in the AIF as a Capt in 4th INF Brigade HQ age 30 years on 23.9.1914, embark for Egypt 22.12.1914, embark for Gallipoli 22.12.1914, promoted to Major 23.5.1915 and transfers to 2nd INF Brigade, awarded MID 12.6.1915, promoted Lt Col and to Command 7th Batt, embark for France 13.4.1916, awarded MID 13.11.1916, awarded Order of the White Eagle (Serbian), he was Gassed but remained on duty at Pozieres, awarded DSO 1.1.1917, appointed Staff Officer HQ 1st Anzac Corps 12.3.1917 then T/Col, T/Brig General through to 7.10.1918, awarded MID and CMG, 1.10.1919 appointed Director General repatriation and demobilisation AIF, resigned appointed in England 21.3.1920. Post WW1 on return to Australia he served in many Military appointments including Honorary Colonel 7th and 38th Battalions.He was made a Knight Batchelor in 1935. On 3.9.1939 to 31.3.1946 No VP16098 during WW2 he served on the Australian Staff Corps, two of his main appointments being man power Dept Labour and national Service and the Women’s land Army, Awarded CB, he retired due to health reasons with the Rank of Lieut General.Framed Photograph. Black & White full length Portrait of Carl Herman Jess, 1884 - 1948. Commander 10th Infantry Brigade, Bendigo born. Frame - Moulded Timber, Painted Silver, glass front. Mount - dark grey cardboard with white inner mount.White print, left bottom corner of photograph "Carl Herman JESS/ 16 Feb 1884 - 16 June 1948" with brief synopsis of career. White print, right bottom corner of photograph, signature "Austin ???"history, photography, army, ww1

Kerrie Cross was a member of the Ballarat School of Mines Council from 1985 to 1992. In 1987 she was appointed as the first female senior vice president of the School of Mines Council. She was the President from 1988 to 1991. Prior to this she chaired the equal opportunity committee at the school. Kerrie has been the regional manager of the Department of Community Services and now the assistant regional director for the Department of Health in the Central Highlands/Wimmera region. She has stated she is particularly interested in the development of SMB as a community college and its increasing accessibility to Technical and Further Education for all groups. .women of note, ballarat school of mines, school council, first female senior vice president, regional manager, department of community services, assistant regional director, department of health, central highlands, wimmera, technical and further education for all groups, equal opportunity committee

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders on the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. Photographs are of the dinner for the graduating students of 2003 (Intake 2001) and the presentation of awards and trophies.26 colour photographs of presentation and dinner.viosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, university of ballarat, dulcie brooke, dennis else, kerry cox, max brooke memorial shield, nsca perpetual trophy, national safety council of australia, university women

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders on the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. Photographs taken at the OHM Dinner and Presentation in 2002. Students attended the University of Ballarat to complete the VIOSH Occupational Hazard Management Course. Oliver Footwear Solution Award and Shared Solution Award were presented. Male student was presented with the "Rae Epthorp Human Factors Prize" and the "National Safety Council of Australia Perpetual Trophy".Thirty-eight colour photographs with matte finish; Twelve colour photographs with high gloss finishviosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, ballarat university, david boyce, dulcie brooke, andrew oliver, nsca, national safety council of australia, perpetual trophy, john knowles, rae epthorp human factors prize, oliver footwear solution award, oliver footwear shared solution award, dennis else, steve cowley, john culvenor, university women

Margaret Young studied at Ballarat West Art School in 1894. This was one of Ballarat's Art schools. In 1907 they merged and became Ballarat Technical Art School (BTAS). Margaret became a teacher and taught for many years at BTAS, specialising in woodcarving. At the end of the First World War, Honour Boards were requested to be made to honour the men who had served. Ballarat was the main provider of these boards. Margaret Young was one of the people responsible for the carvings and specially mentioned for her work by the Caulfield School in Melbourne. On her resignation, Margaret moved to Adelaide. At the past students Reunion Celebrations in 1930, Margaret Young was to be the Guest of Honour. Unfortunately she was unable to attend due to ill health.women of note, teacher, ballarat school of mines, smb campus, margaret young, woodcarving, ballarat west art school, ballarat technical art school, reunion celebrations, world war 1, honour boards, caulfield school, guest of honour, 1930, adelaide

Part of Birmingham Collection, donated by the Family of Misses Mary and Edith Maude Graham, of 4 Blair Street, Portland. Bed caps were worn in the 1800s to keep the head warm. However, in the early 1900s silk caps became popular to protect hairstyles . They were though to improve the health of hair.Cream silk cap, edged with cream lace with green embroidery. Gathered at crown.clothing, night cap, 1900s, headwear, women's headwear, women, female clothing

Bundoora woman Joan Vickery was elevated to Victoria's Honour Roll for Women for her work in Aboriginal health and education.News clipping, black text, colour image.joan vickery

Historical: This book covers all aspects of the C.W.A. including its history. The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country .Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced, would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Small 17 page book with white cardboard cover and green writing. Pages are held together with 2 staples. Cover: "The Country Women's Association / of Victoria Inc. / For Country and City Women / Victoria (with logo underneath) Address and contact details beneathcountry women's association of victoria. c.w.a.. tawonga.

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. was formed on the 7th Feb. 1946. They had 45 members by the end of the year. A scrap book (KVHS 0750) exists with a list of names of members for each year up to 1988 and articles from the newspaper. The Tawonga branch often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve the health, welfare and education for women and children in the country.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Small green cardboard covered book with yellow border and logo (in middle) and with black printing. It has 48 pages.Cover: "The Official Annual of the Country Women's Association of Victoria." Also their Motto and "Forty Third Annual Report / and Balance Sheet / for the Year ending 31st December 1970 / Published 1971 Handwritten on cover: "Tawonga 15 cents each" Inside on cover sheet: handwritten: "30 c to pay to Mrs Courtney"country women's association of victoria. c.w.a.. tawonga.

The Tawonga C.W.A. formed on 7th Feb. 1946. It was a very active group with 45 members in that year. Numbers fluctuated throughout the years and totalled 26 members in 1988. The Tawonga C.W.A. often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. The book gives examples of all the activities the members were involved in over the years and their involvement with other C.W.A. groups in North East Victoria and Victoria. There are many photos of members and their activities too. These photos give a good representation of what womens fashions were during the mid part of the 20 century. Historical: Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children. This scrap book was complied by Claire Roper one of the founding members of the CWA. It traces the history of the Tawonga branch of the CWA, its members and what they did which improved the living conditions for their community. Large scrap book held together by 3 large staples originally with blank pages. The pages have been written on and newspaper articles have been pasted in. The book was covered with light brown paper, the heading has been handwritten using block letters coloured in green with black outline. Centre front of the book has a photo of ladies dated 1978. Their names are typed in underneath. The book has then been covered by clear plastic.The title: "C.W.A. / Tawonga / Scrap Book / Collected by C. Ropercountry women's association of victoria. tawonga. clare roper.

This book was used by members of the Tawonga C.W.A.. The group exhibited their handicrafts and made items for charity. The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Small coloured 16 page book with a cover showing 4 squares of knitted and crocheted items. At the top the book has a light green background with white writing and some black writing. The back cover is similar with 4 different items. The book is bound with 2 staples. The book has patterns with instructions for knitted & crocheted items.Cover: 'Myart / Knit & Crochet' - on left. 'Handcraft / Nylon Yarn' - on right. 'Teijin 40c / Book 14' - top right in blackcountry women's association of victoria. tawonga. handcrafts. knitting. crocheting.

This book is a periodical that the Tawonga C.W.A. group received each year with news, hints, ideas etc. of all CWA groups in Victoria. The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Hard covered bound green book with 345 slightly yellowing pages. 1949 periodical book Vol. XIX No.1 (- 12) 1st January 1949 - (December) reporting on activities of C.W.A. clubs in Victoria. It is set out month by month but isn't indexed. Subscription: 4/- per annum; 5/- per year, posted; 4d. per Copy, 5 and a half pence postedCover: "Country Crafts with CWA logo."country women's association of victoria. country crafts. tawonga. c.w.a.

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. The Tawonga ladies competed in Handicraft and Home Industries Exhibitions during the 1990's and were very successful. Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Small photo album with Country Women's Association Prize Cards for handicraft and Home Industries Exhibition enclosed. Each Prize Card is filled out with (Third) Prize; Name; No.; Section; Branch - all Tawonga; and points. Some of the cards have been won from other CWA groups displays e.g.. Yackandandah. The album has several blank pages left over. The cover is a picture of a boat on a lake with red flowers in the foreground.country women's association of victoria. tawonga. handicraft. home industries. exhibition. kiewa valley group.c.w.a.

Tawonga CWA branch commenced on 7th Feb. 1946. Prior to this the ladies would have been involved in supporting the war effort with knitted and spun items as described in this book. The branch often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. Getting together for the war effort would have succeeded in this aim perhaps encouraging the women to continue meeting under the banner of C.W.A.The Tawonga ladies would have been involved in assisting the war effort from home. Most of the ladies lived on remote farms so they may have got together, learnt together and felt happier while contributing to the war effort and supporting the men fighting overseas. Wool was available and easily made into useful items that could be shipped overseas. After the war, the ladies may have wanted to continue meeting and hence decided to form a C.W.A. branch.Small brown book with black writing. 32 pages held by 2 rusty staples.The book gives patterns and instructions for making woolcraft (knitting & spinning) eg. socks & scarves, for the Airforce, Navy and Army with specific colours, thickness of wool and notes eg. no frills. Price 3d. posted 4d. Sponsored by the Australian Wool BoardCover: Warworkers Woolcraft / Compiled by the CWA / Knitting Spinning / Sponsored by the Australian Wool Boardww11. warworkers. tawonga. country women's association of victoria. woolcraft. australian wool board. c.w.a.

Tawonga C.W.A. was involved in dressmaking and other home industries.The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. This was achieved by getting together and exchanging ideas on dressmaking while providing for their families and the local community, possibly selling their products at fetes.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Small white and grey book with picture of tape measure and cotton reel on the cover. It has 15 pages including the cover which is printed on too. It has general instructions for sewing. Held by 2 staplesCover: Woman's Realm presents / Dressmaking / made easy / Simple instructions and / step-by-step diagrams for / making your own clothes tawonga. country woman's association of victoria. dressmaking. woman's realm. c.w.a.

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. The members achieved these aims by being involved in handcrafts of all kinds.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.The book has a cover with Autumn colours of flowers in a vase with the title in block letters of pale yellow. It has 47 pages bound by 2 staples. The crafts involve the use of plants in creating decorations.tawonga. country woman's association of australia. crafts. plant crafts.c.w.a.

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. Doing craft helped the women achieve these aims as they would get together and learn from each other. Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Hard covered book with a yellow and black sleeve. The sleeve has a picture of a lady sitting on a lounge chair under a lamp admiring her glove. Inserted in the book is a page with further instructions on glove making. The book is bound and has 90 pages. The first and last 3 pages consist of advertising.Cover page "Country Womens' Association / of Victoria" stamp with purple ink Title: Clove-Making / At Home / by Frances Staite / Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd 5/- net.tawonga. cwa. gloves. craft. country women's association of victoria

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. The Roper family were very involved for many years in the activities of the branch. Clare Roper collected and documented the history of the Tawonga C.W.A. and the Kiewa Valley C.W.A.. Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect of available workers and the well being of the women and children.Black wooden plaque sloped to a narrow gold coloured border surrounding a black surface with a gold badge shaped plaque. The plaque has writing etched into it and painted white.Tawonga Branch C.W.A. / honours its Members / Kiewa Valley / Group Presidents / Annie V. Roper 1958 - 60 / (Mrs Bert) / Clara J. Roper 1964 - 66 / (Mrs Jack)tawonga. country woman's association of victoria. clara roper. annie roper.

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Round green and white badge with the CWA logo in the centre of a green triangular shield. The logo is in gold. Around the triangular shape it is white with Victoria in gold at the top and 2 slim leaves on each side of the other sides. The badge has a green border. The back is gold and two of them have a pin attached. The third has a ring attached at the top. On the back each one has a different inscription and all are hard to read. Each badge is very slightly different in texture and depth of colour perhaps indicating that they were made at different times."Victoria / CWA" On the back - 1. Inscribed in oval shape 'Morgan Swann' but upside down to each other. 2. Inscribed - 'Stoker' 3. Inscribed - 'Stokes' or 'Stones'tawonga. country woman's association of victoria. badge. cwa logo.

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country. Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Slim rectangular shaped gold badge with a 'v' shape at each end. Its border is wavy. The writing is in green capital letters. At the top in the middle there is a 2 link chain. On the back is a pin.Branch Secretarytawonga. country woman's association of victoria. cwa. badge. branch secretary.

The Australian Health Society was formed in Melbourne in 1875 at the instigation of Unitarian Minister MarthaTurner. It promoted hygiene and comprised of doctors, prominent citizens and politicians. It targeted poorer districts and women. Schools were pressured to place health education on the curriculum. Society stalwarts made an annual examination in state schools. Mongan's Bridge No. 3403 opened in 1902. It was located beside the Kiewa river and operated part-time with nearby schools on occasions as well as full time. As numbers fluctuated it was also closed on occasions and then re-opened.Edward Maddison's family were farmers in the Kiewa Valley and the children attended the local school.Two certificates belonging to Edward Maddison 1. 1916 Pupil of State School No 3403 (Mongan's Bridge) - passed the Examination in Health and Temperance held by the Australian Health Society of Melbourne 2. 1916 Completed satisfactorily the Course of Study prescribed for Elementary Schools.- Mongan's Bridge Elementary School No. 3403edward maddison, australian health society, mongan's bridge school

CWA of Victoria was a popular widely known organisation throughout Australia. The CWA aimed to improve health welfare, and education for women and children living in the country.Each town / area in the Kiewa Valley had an active CWA. The Tawonga branch commenced in Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with other branches of the Kiewa Valley.Country Women's Association of Victoria Group Map, June 1961. each area is colored ad each wit a letter of the alphabet. each group has a number and is listed. eg. blue, 'N' and "Tawonga 14' country women's association, map of cwa groups, tawonga cwa

The British Australasian Tobacco Co. (based in Melbourne and Sydney. The parent company was founded in England, circa 1902). This item "Lucky Hit" was the fore runner of the "Lucky Strike" brand name. The ready rubbed tobacco held within the tin was mainly used by those smokers who rolled their own cigarettes. These smokers would have mainly used their palm and formed a cup then placing their choice of the amount of tobacco to be rolled. This would then be placed on the fine cigarette paper and rolled and sealed (using saliva in the mouth) into the required shape. There were mechanical "roll you own" gadgets on the market but most rural users, especially males used their palms. The quantity of tobacco used to make up the cigarette was up to the individual user. The thinner that the cigarette was rolled the longer and more economical did the supply last. The by -products of this method were nicotine stained fingers and hands. "Chain" smokers were easily identified and could therefore be discriminated against obtaining smoke sensitive employment. The two world wars (1914-18 and1939-45) produced a significant rise in the consumption of cigarette use by men and the eventual overflow to women. Cigarette smoking before the 1900s was seen as rough and uncouth (socially frowned upon), however after the introduction of overseas films (U.K. and U.S.A.) and film stars presenting smoking as socially acceptable the rise of smoking cigarettes, especially roll you own (American western movies) in rural areas was an accepted way of life. Things however started to change in the mid 1900s when medical evidence pointed to the health problems of regular smokers. Governments were now implementing non smoking education material. Restrictions on where and when smoking was permitted and acceptable started to creep into all areas of society whether city or rural. This was the era that highlighted the use of roll your own cigarettes, especially when the costs of "tailor made" cigarettes were taxed at an increasing amount. Roll your own cigarettes also provided an avenue for the consumption of illicit drug use.The significance of this ready rubbed tobacco tin to this rural region is, stems from how much influence that the Western novels and overseas films (portraying rural lifestyles) played in shaping the rural social and working mores of the Kiewa Valley. The post war depression (financially) resulted in more smokers turning away from expensive machine (tailor) made cigarettes to the roll your own, using ready rubbed tobacco. This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries. Tins 2,3 and 4 were found (in 2009) at Wallace's Hut on the Bogong High Plains. This tobacco tin is constructed from tin plated thin rolled steel. The lid is attached by two pressed and formed (from the main frame) hinges using the nip and tuck construction method. The lid and outside frame have been gold & silver anodised. Tins 2,3 and 4 have the Union Jack on the front lid. One is too rusty to read. The other two have "A blend containing choice selected Australian grown leaf" in white across the bottom on the red border and above the "2oz net weight when packed". In the centre and on the outside of the lid and surrounded by a reproduction of the "Union Jack" is stamped, "Lucky Hit Tobacco" within these words are also stamped "Ready Rubbed". The bottom of the lid is stamped (in smaller script) "2oz NET WEIGHT WHEN PACKED" and underneath this and on the rim of the lid is "THE BRITISH AUSTRALASIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD. MELBOURNE" on the inside of the lid and stamped in black print on a gold anodised lid is " NOTICE "(underlined) "Every tin of genuine "Lucky Hit has the name of the Manufacturing Company printed on wax paper lining; also on the band or wrapper with which the tin is sealed. THE BRITISH-AUSTRALIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD., MELBOURNE" and underneath this and underlined is " None genuine without the band or wrapper" On the hinge side of the lid is "LUCKY HIT READY RUBBED TOBACCO" Tins 2,3 and 4 Vary to the above inscription.roll your own, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers, tobacco

The British Australasian Tobacco Co. (based in Melbourne and Sydney. The parent company was founded in England, circa 1902). This item "HAVELOCK" is one of many ready rubbed tobacco tins produced by the British Australasian Tobacco Company.The ready rubbed tobacco held within the tin was mainly used by those smokers who rolled their own cigarettes. These smokers would have mainly used their palm and formed a cup then placing their choice of the amount of tobacco to be rolled. This would then be placed on the fine cigarette paper and rolled and sealed (using saliva in the mouth) into the required shape. There were mechanical "roll you own" gadgets on the market but most rural users, especially males used their palms. The quantity of tobacco used to make up the cigarette was up to the individual user. The thinner that the cigarette was rolled the longer and more economical did the supply last. The by -products of this method were nicotine stained fingers and hands. "Chain" smokers were easily identified and could therefore be discriminated against obtaining smoke sensitive employment. The two world wars (1914-18 and1939-45) produced a significant rise in the consumption of cigarette use by men and the eventual overflow to women. Cigarette smoking before the 1900s was seen as rough and uncouth (socially frowned upon), however after the introduction of overseas films (U.K. and U.S.A.) and film stars presenting smoking as socially acceptable, the rise of smoking cigarettes, especially roll you own (American western movies) in rural areas was an accepted way of life. Things however started to change in the mid 1900s when medical evidence pointed to the health problems of regular smokers. Governments were now implementing non smoking education material. Restrictions on where and when smoking was permitted and acceptable started to creep into all areas of society whether city or rural. This was the era that highlighted the use of roll your own cigarettes, especially when the costs of "tailor made" cigarettes were taxed at an increasing amount. Roll your own cigarettes also provided an avenue for the consumption of illicit drug use.The significance of this ready rubbed tobacco tin to this rural region is, stems from how much influence that the Western novels and overseas films (portraying rural lifestyles) played in shaping the rural social and working mores of the Kiewa Valley. The post war depression (financially) resulted in more smokers turning away from expensive machine (tailor) made cigarettes to the roll your own, using ready rubbed tobacco. This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries.This tobacco tin is constructed from tin plated thin rolled steel. The lid is attached by two pressed and formed (from the main frame) hinges using the nip and tuck construction method.The lid and outside frame have had a green "weave" pattern anodised to the metal.On the outside of the lid and at the top left is stamped, in gold coloured letters "HAVELOCK". The bottom of the lid is stamped (in smaller script) "READY RUBBED TOBACCO" and below this in smaller lettering "2oz NET WEIGHT WHEN PACKED". On the rim of the lid is "THE BRITISH AUSTRALASIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD." Inside of the lid and stamped in black print on a gold anodised lid is "Every tin of genuine HAVELOCK Ready Rubbed Tobacco has the mane Havelock printed on the paper lining, and also on the band or wrapping sealing the tin. On the hinge side of the lid is "HAVELOCK READY RUBBED"roll your own, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers