Showing 31539 items
matching 1890's
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University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Document, The orchard at Burnley Gardens, 1950-1960
Brief history of the orchard until 1950'sorchards, burnley gardens -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
book, Reinelt W H, Gippsland East its Geology and Mining Development, 1977
History of Slips and Sailing ShipsTasmania 1800'sships and shipping -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Unknown Male possibly surname Christian from Dadswell Bridge, 1900 - 1940
The Second of 7 Photcopies of Photos Man Leaning against 1950's Utility -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Navarre Rail Yards Sawmilling
Navarre Rail Yards Sawmilling 1940'stransport, railways -
Rutherglen Historical Society
Spanner, 1939 (Approximate)
Used in blacksmiths - possibly part of tool-kit for plough"S" shaped spanner, large, double endedhand tools, blacksmiths -
Running Rabbits Military Museum operated by the Upwey Belgrave RSL Sub Branch
CUTHILL W.J
William James Cuthill S/No VX73192 - Papersww2, army -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Photograph - Black and white print, Information Branch Victorian Department of Agriculture, Student Year Group, c. 1960
Student Year Group from the 1960's."Photograph by Information Branch Victorian Department of Agriculture Ref. No. D. 1225C."student year group, students -
Park Orchards Community House
Photograph, Park Orchards, east side of Ennismore Cres, looking south to Gosford Cres
37°47'03.7"S 145°13'10.4"E -
St Patrick's Old Collegians Association (SPOCA)
Photograph - SPOCA, Presidents
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Bass Coast Shire Council - Robert Smith Collection
Artwork, other - Brolga Dance [1962], Noel Counihan
Australia 1913 - 1986Coloured linocut AP s. 60 (111)Title, edition and signed -
Bass Coast Shire Council - Robert Smith Collection
Artwork, other - An American Artist 1962, Noel Counihan
Australia 1913 - 1986Coloured linocut 9/25 s.63Titled, edition, signed and dated, inscribed 'for Bob, with best wishes' -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Scale, F Quiney & Son, 1890-1910
Fredk Quiney & Sons established their company in 1890, council records show that Quiney began working at 4 Ranelagh Place in Leytonstone and from 1908 to 1926 he was at 268 High Road, Leytonstone. The name occurs on brass weights and balance scales dating from the early twentieth 20th century. The company was still producing grocers scales during the 1960s.A balance scale vintage giving a snapshot into mercantile life during the late 19th and early 20th centuries Scale with metal tray.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, scale, weighing equipment -
Unions Ballarat
Receipt book of Ballarat contributions to the Maritime Strike Fund, 3 September 1890-25 October 189?
The 1890 Maritime Strike: marine officers walked out because shipowners would not negotiate terms and conditions of employment whilst the Mercantile Marine Officers' Association was affiliated with the Victorian Trades Hall Council. Union officials proposed to disaffiliate on the condition that employers would agree to meet and reach a compromise with union delegates. The shipowners refusal to meet triggered strike action.The Maritime Strike demonstrates an historical example of an employer's attempt to undermine workplace unionism. Parallels (i.e. employers attempting to weaken union power) have been drawn between this and the Australian waterfront dispute of 1998.Paper (1 volume)mercantile marine officers' association, strikes, btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, victorian trades hall council, unions, maritime strike, ballarat trades hall -
Unions Ballarat
Bank book of the "Shipping Strike Fund", 3 September 1890-17 January 189?
The 1890 Maritime Strike: marine officers walked out because shipowners would not negotiate terms and conditions of employment whilst the Mercantile Marine Officers' Association was affiliated with the Victorian Trades Hall Council. Union officials proposed to disaffiliate on the condition that employers would agree to meet and reach a compromise with union delegates. The shipowners refusal to meet triggered strike action.The Maritime Strike demonstrates an historical example of an employer's attempt to undermine workplace unionism. Parallels (i.e. employers attempting to weaken union power) have been drawn between this and the Australian waterfront dispute of 1998.Bank book (1 volume) Papermaritime strike, victorian trades hall council, strikes, btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, vthc, finances, ballarat trades hall -
Unions Ballarat
Printed balance sheet of the Maritime Strike Fund, 1890
The 1890 Maritime Strike: marine officers walked out because shipowners would not negotiate terms and conditions of employment whilst the Mercantile Marine Officers' Association was affiliated with the Victorian Trades Hall Council. Union officials proposed to disaffiliate on the condition that employers would agree to meet and reach a compromise with union delegates. The shipowners refusal to meet triggered strike action.The Maritime Strike demonstrates an historical example of an employer's attempt to undermine workplace unionism. Parallels (i.e. employers attempting to weaken union power) have been drawn between this and the Australian waterfront dispute of 1998.Paper in folder.maritime strike, btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, unions, strikes, victorian trades hall council, vthc, mercantile marine officers' association, ballarat trades hall -
Clunes Museum
Financial record - RECEIPT BOOK, VICTUALLER'S LICENCE
RECEIPT BOOKS, BLUE CARDBOARD COVER WITH LINEN SPINE. VICTUALLERS LICENCE 25 POUNDS. .1 Licence Numbers 4541 - 4550 dated 31/12/1890 - 24/12/1892 issued to: 4541 - 2 McCartney James, Club Hotel Fraser St Clunes 4543 Heffernan , James The Ristori Commercial Hotel, Allendale 4544 Gelbert Fred The Town Hall Hotel, 4545 Cocking Wm The Telegraph Hotel, Clunes 4546 Murray, David The Speculation Hotel, Clunes 4547 Rintel Janne The Club Hotel, Clunes 4548 Cocking Wm The Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4549 Heffernan, James The Ristori Commercial Hotel, Allendale 4550 Malley Wm The Club Hotel Clunes .2 Licence Numbers 4521 - 4530 dated 24/12/1886 to 27/12/1888 4521 Cocking William Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4522 Gelbert, Frank Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4523 Bassett Christopher Nags Head Hotel, Clunes 4524 Burns Wm Burt Club Hotel, Clunes 4525 Cocking Wm Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4526 Gilbert Frederick Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4527 Burns Wm Burt Club Hotel Clunes 4528 Bassett, Christopher Nags Head Hotel, Clunes 4529 Gilbert Frederick Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4530 Cocking Wm Telegraph Hotel, Clunes .3 Licence Numbers 4531 - 4540 dated 1/1/1889 - 1/1/1891 4531 Wilson Geo. Sutherland Club Hotel Clunes 4532 Gilbert Frederick Town Hall Hotel, Clunes 4533 Heffernan James Ristori Commercial Hotel Allendale 4534 Cocking Wm Telegraph Hotel Clunes 4535 Murray David Speculation Hotel, Allendale 4536 McCartney James Club Hotel, Clunes 4537 Heffernan James Ristorii Commercial Hotel, Allendale 4538 Cocking, Wm Telegraph Hotel, Clunes 4539 Gilbert Fred. Town Hall Hotel Clunes 4540 Murray David Speculation Hotel, Allendale.1 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1890 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 4541 - 4550 INCLUSIVE .2 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1886 - 1888 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 4521 - 4530 INCLUSIVE .3 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1888 - 1890 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 4531 - 4540 INCLUSIVE .4 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1887 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 50 INCLUSIVE .5 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1888 - 1890 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 50 INCLUSIVE .6 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1890 - 1891 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1- 50 INCLUSIVE .7 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1890 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .8 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1891 - 1892 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .9 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1892 - 1893 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .10 SOFT COVER BOOK IN BLUE CONTAINS CONTAINS RECEIPTS OF VICTUALLER'S LICENCES 1893 - 1893 FOR CLUNES AND SURROUNDS HOTELS SERIES 1 - 25 INCLUSIVE .11 UNBOUND 15 CERTIFICATES DATED 1889 "CERTIFICATE TO AUTHORIZE THE ISSUE OF A VICTUALLER'S LICENCE" .12 UNBOUND 32 CERTIFICATES DATED 1887 "CERTIFICATE TO AUTHORIZE THE ISSUE OF A VICTUALLER'S LICENCE" .13 UNBOUND 26 CERTIFICATES DATED 1889 "CERTIFICATE TO AUTHORIZE THE ISSUE OF A VICTUALLER'S LICENCE" LABEL ON FRONT COVER: .1.2.3 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 25 POUNDS, INITALIALED RG 5/8/1886 .4 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS .5 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 228 .6 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 263 ORANGE CRAYON HANDWRITING ON FRONT COVER "EXHAUSTED AFTER AUDIT 7-12-91" .7 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 OUNDS BOOK 350 .8 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 344 ORANGE CRAYON HANDWRITING ON FRONT COVER "EXHAUSTED AFTER AUDIT 7-12-91" .9 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 398 .10 VICTUALLER'S LICENCE 15 POUNDS BOOK 399 (LABEL TORN IN HALF) RED INK HANDWRITING ON FRONT COVER "NO.1 EXHAUSTED AFTER AUDIT 24-8-93" local history, book, receipts, clunes hotels -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photograph - Gorden Muller and Ken Alexander, Myrtleford, Circa 1950's-1960's (estimate only)
Historical record of early residents of Myrtleford area circa 1950's/1960'sHistorical record of early residents of Myrtleford area circa 1950's/1960'sBlack and white photograph of Gorden Miller and Ken Alexander working on a vehicleHandwritten in black ink on the back of photograph: Gorden Muller Myrtleford (curly hair with drum) Ken Alexander with hat. Stamped on back in black ink - 6 250gordon muller, myrtleford, ken alexander -
Bendigo Military Museum
Letter - LETTERS WW1, 2) 1.8.1919
.2) Letter is to Mrs R Burns, 100 Hope Street, Geelong, Vic. Items relate to W D S BURNS No 56 Provost Corpr AIF. Refer Cat No 2076.3P for his service details..1) Letter, yellowed paper with Royal Crest in red at top wishing individual a safe return home. .2) Letter yellowed advising that No 56 W D S BURNS will be returning to Australia per transport Indarra from Australian Imperial Force. Signed by Office in Charge Base Records..1) At top in red print: “Red Crest, Buckingham Palace” At bottom handwritten in black: “George R I”letters, the king, 56, provost, returning -
Mont De Lancey
Utensils, Circa 1950's to 1960's
Used by Donor's (Mrs. C. Doe) mother during the 1950's and 1960's 2 kitchen utensils - a. Egg slide with wooden handle and b. Utility spoon with wooden handleb. "Utility Beater Masher Strainer Lifter"kitchenware, eggslices, kitchen spoons -
Mont De Lancey
Domestic object - Four Medicinal Bottles, Sigma, Unknown
These medicinal products were used in the 1900's. Eucalyptus oil was used both externally for Lumbago, Rheumatism, Sciatica, Sprains, Cuts, Bruises and Burns and for all Throat and Cough disorders. McKean's Camphorated Oil was to be used carefully and under strict Accordance with the instructions. Adults to rub briskly on part affected, Infant use to be massaged gently. McKean's were in operation from 1890's - c1960's. The company appeared to have ceased in 2012. Friars Balsam similarly was used externally for Cuts, Wounds, etc. Could be taken internally for Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, etc. 10 drops to one teaspoonful. The Bosisto bottle probably contained eucalyptus oil.Four glass medicinal bottles: 1. A small clear glass McKean's "Helping Hand' Eucalyptus Oil bottle. It has a faded paper label with Trade Mark surrounding a hand illustration with leaves. Unadulterated is printed at the bottom of this label. Pure Eucalyptus Oil with its uses is included. On the back is a paper label with further instructions for use. The screwtop bakelite lid is broken. 2. An angular shaped small brown SIGMA Camphorated Oil bottle with a stained paper label of the manufacturer details and uses. It has NOT TO BE TAKEN stamped into one of the edges on the side of the bottle. Two other sides have three rows of crosses as a pattern. The metal screwtop lid is rusted. F1071 is stamped on the base. 3. A very small round brown Rolfe's Friars Balsam bottle with a broken cork stopper. It has a faded paper label with uses and the manufacturer's details. 4. A small green tinted clear glass J. Bosisto medicine bottle with rounded corners and flattened sides on the front and back surfaces.The flat lip at he opening could have been sealed with a stopper. The sides of the bottle have a vertical joining line.1. 'McKean's "Helping Hand' Eucalyptus Oil'. It has a faded paper label with 'Trade Mark (Registered) surrounding a hand illustration with leaves. Pure Eucalyptus Oil' 2. 'SIGMA Camphorated Oil SIGMA CO. LTD Melbourne'. 3. 'Rolfe's FRIARS BALSAM Rolfe & Co. Ltd. Melbourne'. 4. 'J. Bosisto Richmond' is stamped on front side of the front. On the base is stamped ' "English Bottles" '.medicines, medicine bottles, medicinal containers -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Photographs, Bob Wilson, Framed Photos and Medals - McIntyre Family, 2016
These photographs and medals are of the McIntyre family. Three members of Lara's McIntyre family served during the First and Second World Wars, and two were members of the Lara RSL. John Lachlan McIntyre was born at Beeac, Victoria in December 1890. He enlisted in the 1st AIF in July 1915. John fought on the Western Front, taking part in the battles of Fromelles and the 2nd Battle of the Somme. He was severely wounded at Fromelles and spent 12 months in hospital in England before returning to the front. John returned home in 1919 and was granted a soldier settlement block in Lara in 1937. He was a founding member of Lara RSL and is its longest serving member. John died in 1990. Thomas Gordon McIntyre was born at Lara in 1901. Thomas, known as Gordon, was too young to enlist in the First World War with his brothers. At the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion. He fought in the Syrian Campaign, before being recalled to Australia to fight in the pacific campaign. Gordon was wounded in a battle against the Japanese in Java on the 19/02/1942, and taken prisoner. No record of him after this was ever discovered, and he is presumed to have been killed. Jim McIntyre was born in 1893, and grew up in Lara and Geelong. Jim enlisted in the 1st AIF in 1916, and served with the 14th Battalion through the war. He was wounded twice. Jim died in 1976. The McIntyre family were early pioneers in the Lara district, and the brothers were founding members of the Lara RSL. Their medals and photographs represent a significant link to the history of the town and sub-branch. Three photographs and three sets of medals in a pine wood frame with glass covering. Photographs are black and white portraits of soldiers in uniform mounted on cream card. The medals are mounted on black felt. T.G. McIntyre VX20754 - 35-45 Star, Africa Star, Pacific Star, Defence Medal, War Medal and the Australian Service Medal 39-45. J.L. McIntyre 3591 - War Medal and Victory Medal J.W. McIntyre 7049 - War Medal and Victory Medal J.L. McIntyre REG. No. 3591 58th. BATT. 1st A.I.F Foundation Member Lara R.S.L 1890 - 1990 REG. NO. VX20754 T.G. MC INTYRE 2/2nd PIONEERS 2nd A.I.F 7049 J.W. McINTYRE 14th BTN. 1893-1975photograph, mcintyre, medals, wwi, wwii, world war 1, world war 2, aif, pioneers, lara, rsl -
Mont De Lancey
Decorative object - Silver Presentation Platter, Hecworth Reproduction Old Sheffield, Mid 20th century
A presentation Platter to the Frank Lewis Family. Hecworth was a brand created by Platers Pty Ltd to produce silver-plated tableware and other household items. in May 1949 Platers Pty Ltd merged with Rodd (Australia founded in 1919 manufacturers of silver and jewellery and in 1960 merged with Mytton Rodd (Australia)Ltd. The products were known for their high quality and affordable prices and were popular in the 1960's. Hecworth silver plate was often used as wedding gifts and other special occasions.A large vintage 1960's heavy decorative round silver plated presentation platter with a leaf trim on the raised edge, an inscription in the middle surrounded by a circular group of seven large floral or leaf patterns.'Presented as a token of esteem to the Frank Lewis Family from the residents of Seville - Yellingbo & District July 15th 1966' On the back is stamped - 'Hecworth Reproduction Old Sheffield'silver, awards, trophies, plaques, chargers, platters -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub Branch
Uniform - Naval Tally Bands
Naval Hat Bands ribbon with tied knot on side. Black ribbon with gold lettering.Ribbon one - H M A S CERBERUS. Ribbon two - H M A S QUEENBOROUGH. Ribbon three - H M A S NIRIMBA. -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Domestic object - Silver sugar bowl, Stokes & Son, c1910
This item is from a collection donated by descendants of John Francis Turner of Wodonga. Mr. Turner was born on 6 June 1885. He completed all of his schooling at Scotts Boarding School in Albury, New South Wales. On leaving school, he was employed at Dalgety’s, Albury as an auctioneer. In 1924 John was promoted to Manager of the Wodonga Branch of Dalgety’s. On 15/03/1900 he married Beatrice Neal (born 7/12/1887 and died 7/2/1953) from Collingwood, Victoria. They had 4 daughters – Francis (Nancy), Heather, Jessie and Mary. In 1920, the family moved From Albury to Wodonga, purchasing their family home “Locherbie” at 169 High Street, Wodonga. "Locherbie" still stands in Wodonga in 2022. The collection contains items used by the Turner family during their life in Wodonga. Thomas Stokes a diesinker and electroplater was born in Birmingham in 1831, and arrived in Victoria in the 1850s. By the 80s he was well-established in Melbourne, employing 30 tradesmen and apprentices. The business became a proprietary concern in 1911, re-named Stokes & Son Pty Ltd. This assists in establishing the provenance of the item to before 1911.This item comes from a collection used by a prominent citizen of Wodonga. It is also an example of silverware of the early 20th century.A silver plate sugar bowl. It is circular in shape but has a scalloped rim and has a handle attached to the top. The hallmark of Stokes and Son, Australia is embossed underneath the bowl. This indicates that the item is made from Electro Plate Nickel Silver. A1 indicates that it was manufactured with the highest quality EPNS produced by Stokes and Son.On underside of bowl: "W S in the middle of a star and above a boomerang EPNS S&S A1 MADE IN AUSTRALIA 462 MATES LTD ALBURY"silverware, silver plate, domestic items -
Melbourne Legacy
Document - Speech, Dinner - 4th November, 1939. SGS, 1939
Report of a dinner held just after the beginning of WWII to celebrate the work of Sir Stanley Savige in establishing Legacy. Legatee Russell (President) introduced their patron, Sir John Gellibrand, who proposed the toast to Sir Stanley Savige. In his response Sir Stanley Savige outlined the history of Legacy to that date and how he was able to bring together so many Legatees with a common purpose to look after the dependants of WWI veterans. He said that although this need would disappear due to natural causes by the 1950s, the present war would ensure that the work of Legacy would continue. He highlighted the opposition of the Board of Management to affording the same opportunities to girls as those given to boys, and how it was got past. He also noted that the average age of Legatees was about 48, and "in another ten years we will all be stymied."This is a lengthy speech by the founder of Legacy not only giving details of Legacy's history, but also revealing the personality of the speaker.White foolscap photocopied pages x 6 with black type of original typed report.On first sheet in blue ink 'S G S', 'File Legacy: History of' On reverse of last sheet in blue ink 'from Don S.'speech, history, stan savige, founding legatee -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Peter Duckett, 1930's
Black and White Photograph of Bendigo ESCo No. 9, at Charing Cross, mid to late 1930's, prior to "modernisation" in 1945. Painted in the 1930's SEC Colour scheme. Tram has the destination of "City". Note the people in the background, indicating a parade or an event. See Reg Item 4342 for a photograph of the same tram following "modernisation". Peter Duckett Collection.On the front, top left hand corner of the print "26" in ink within a circle. On rear, stamped in black ink "Photo supplied from P.W. Duckett Collection, All Rights Reserved, 69 Howitt Rd. Nth Caulfield 3161." In the top left hand corner in ink "1930s Bendigo Tramways (SEC) / Car at Charing Cross" and a "William F Scott" address label in the bottom left hand corner.trams, tramways, bendigo, esco, secv, charing cross, tram 9 -
Port of Echuca
A rectangular coloured photograph, 1979
This is a picture of the original Town Hall building built in High Street in the 1890's. It was designed by renowned Bendigo Architect W.C .Vahland. This picture was taken in 1979 when the Echuca Library was housed there. The Echuca Library operated out of this building from 1965 up to 2013 when the new library was built. In this photograph there are two people standing in the doorway and two cars parked in the street.This photograph is significant because it shows the first Town Hall building built in High Street in the late 1890's. The building was designed by W.C Vahland and was also used as the Law Courts before the Law Court building was built in Law Court Place. This building has also been used as the High School, while the Echuca High School was being built in the 1920's it was also used as a Kindergarten and the town Library operated there from 1965 to 2012 when the new Library was built. The Shire of Campaspe Information Technology Department has been housed there from 2012 up to the Present.A coloured photograph, in postcard size, of the original Town Hall building of Echuca, taken in 1979, when the building was being used as the Echuca Library.echuca town hall, echuca library, vahland, w.c -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Postcard
Coloured Postcard of S S Christian Radich being escorted through the Caribbean by United States Navy. (SH 054 [1] Ships C - E)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, christian radich, post card, postcard, caribbean -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Document - Invitation, May-75
Vanda Savill, Bower Bird Museum, Heywood 'Dear Friends' servesInvitation for Cr. G.J. Savill to opening of M&S Diesel, Portland, 29 May 1975. White card, blue print, M&S logo. -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Portland Harbour, n.d
Port of Portland Authority Archivesport of portland archives, portland harbour, k s anderson, s l patterson, wharf, lawrence rocks