Cream coloured paint on timber frame with cream mount & glass. Black & white photo of two twin gun mountings. Black ink, handwritten information on cream mount.Handwritten in black ink on mount: “TWO 4.5 TWIN GUN MOUNTINGS DURING FINAL ASSEMBLY. ORDNANCE FACTORY, BENDIGO”photography-photographs, frame accessories, military history - army, naval

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Fletchers Real Estate for the purpose of advertising 202 Holland Rd, Burwood East in 2001 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 202 Holland Rd., Burwood East. A one story brick house, with a driveway leading to gated carport on the left. In the foreground is a low brick fence, and front lawn filled with hedges, and a large palm tree.202 Holland Rd., Burwood E. Margaret Picken © 2001 Fletchers Real Estatewhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, burwood, house, garden, burwood east, palm tree

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Camberwell for the purpose of advertising 15 Donald St., Burwood in 1995. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. This property is listed as having sold for $190,00 in 1995 Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 15 Donald St., Burwood. A two story weatherboard house set back from a picket fence and and open gate on the right for the driveway. There are two hole punches near the upper edge.15 Donald St., Burwood Margaret Picken - 95 Woodards - c'well whitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, burwood, house, garden

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards for the purpose of advertising 23 Glen Rd., Mitcham. This property has be listed as having sold for $250,000 in 1995. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 23 Glen Rd., Mitcham depicting a black and white line drawing of of a two story brick houe with connected garage. There is a rock boarded front yard on the left and a driveway on the right in the foreground.23 Glen Rd., Mitcham Margaret Picken - 93 Woodards - B/burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, mitcham

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 13 Luckie St., Nunawading. This property is listed as having sold for $250,000 in 2000 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story weatherboard house with a bullnose verandah of the front porch. On the left is a driveway leading to a connected garage. In the foreground is a picket fence enclosing a front garden.21 Luckie St., Nunawading Margaret Picken © 2000 Fletchers Real Estatewhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 8 Trevor Crt., Nunawading This property is listed as having sold for $285,000 in 2001 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a semi detached brick house on a sub-divided lot, with a driveway on right leading straight to a connected garage, and sweeping to the left up to the garage for the front property.8 Trevor Crt., Nunawading Margaret Picken © 2001 Fletchers Real Estatewhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 2/9 Tasman Ave., Nunawading This property is listed as having sold for $160,000 in 2006 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a semi detached brick house on a sub-divided lot, with a driveway on right leading straight to a connected garage, and sweeping to the left up to the garage for the front property.2/9 Tasman. Nunawadingwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

The original date for the laying of Foundation stone for the first Mission building at Australian Wharf in 1906 had to be changed to the 5th of February 1907 due to industrial action at the Wharves. See scrapbooks and clippings for details. Lord Northcote the Governor General officiated. The invitation marks the establishment for the first time at the Australian Wharf official recognition of the need to establish a Mission for seafarers in this location, some six years after presentation of the letter in 1897 from 22 Captains urging and requesting a respectable and convenient facility. Just ten years later the Mission would have to move to an adjacent site and raise funds for yet another Mission building in 1916. A heavy card with crimped edge with commercially printed invitation in cursive scripts from the Archbishop of Melbourne and the Members of the Committee of the Mission. A blue flying angel Missions to Seamen flag is printed in the top left corner. The invitee name is written in sepia ink as is an altered date. Ink inscriptions: the Rev A.G. Goldsmith and Mrs Goldsmith // ; printed date of Friday 14th of December 1906 is crossed out and superscribed in handwritten ink as: Tuesday 5th of February 1907 lord northcote, governor general, rev gurney goldsmith, foundation stone, australian wharf, the melbourne missions to seamen, victorian seamen's mission, 1907, siddeley street, alfred gurney goldsmith, walter richmond butler

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Box Hill for the purpose of advertising 4 Pilita St., Forest Hill. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 4 Pilita St., Forest Hill, a two story brick and weather board house set back from a front lawn, with a driveway leading to a connected carport. There are two hole punches centre of the upper edge4 Pilita St., Forest Hill Margaret Picken '90 Woodards - Box Hillwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Real Estate Blackburn for the purpose of advertising 2 Silverleaf Crt., Forest Hill. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 2 Silverleaf Crt., Forest Hill, of a two story rendered house setback from a landscaped front garden, with a attached two car garage. There are two hole punch holes near the centre of the upper edge.2 Silverleaf Crt., Forest Hill Picken - 96 Woodards - B/burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill, real estate

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Blackburn for the purpose of advertising 10 Hansen St., Forest Hill This property is listed as having sold for $104,000 in 1996. Since the time of sale in 1993 the house on the property has been either rebuilt or extensively renovated. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 10 Hansen St., Forest Hill, depicting a single story house with a driveway to the left and front garden. There are two hole punches near the upper edge.10 Hansen St., Forest Hill Margaret Picken - 93 Woodards - Hawwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Blackburn for the purpose of advertising 53 Jolimont Rd., Forest Hill. This property is listed as having sold for $176,000 in 1997. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 53 Jolimont Rd., Forest Hill, depicting a two story brick and weatherboard house set back from a front garden. There are two hole punch holes centre near the upper edge.53 Jolimont Rd., Forest Hill Margaret Picken -97 Woodards - Box Hillwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 45 Nicholson St., Nunawading. This property is listed as having sold for $372,000 in 2003 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story weatherboard house. On the right is a driveway leading to a connected carport, and curving around in front of the house. On the left is a front garden in the foreground, and a gated fence to the backyard.45 Nicholson St., Nunawading Picken © 2003 Realtorwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 1/455 Canterbury Rd., Vermont This property is listed as having sold for $233,500 in 2002 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story weatherboard house with a driveway on the left leading into the background, and curving right toward a built in garage in front of the house. In the foreground in a picket fence, enclosing the property. 1/455 Canterbury Rd., Vermont Margaret Picken © 2002 Realtorwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, vermont, vermont south

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 99 Newry St., Fitzroy. This property is listed as having sold for $148,000 in 1991 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a ingle story brick house with veranda across the frontage, on the left it forms a carport in front of the connected garage. In the foreground on the left is the driveway, while on the right is a front garden enclosed by a wrought iron fence.45 Nurlendi Rd., Vermont Marg. Picken '88 Woodards - Boxhillwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, vermont, vermont south

The photo is most likely taken at Air gunnery School. Item in the collection of Vivian D BULLEN. Going by the photo Bullen is possibly 4th from the right rear row. Refer Cat No 7386 for his AIF & RAAF service details.Photograph - original sepia tones on photographic paper. Group photograph of possible RAAF Servicemen seated and standing, dressed in overalls. Gunners at Sale, Photograph has been laminated. Back of photograph shows 24 handwritten, legible and illegible signatures and comments. Blue, black, red and green ink has been used.Back of photograph, sample of legible, handwritten signatures and comments. Top to Bottom - black ink - "B. BULLEN" - "Best of luck always Bill" Blue ink "E, EVENS". "Good shooting BULL" "LOU BROWNE" Townsville "(see you down town for lunch)" Black ink - "T. JACKSON" - "Will meet again Bull". Green ink - "D.J. CAMPBELL (Junior)" Black Ink "BONDI BICKLEY" - "Here's up your kilts" phoptographs, ww2, army

This container may have been a bulk ink container. A cylindrical brown glazed ceramic flagon/ bottle with a neck narrowing to a pouring lip. It has a cork stopper.container ceramic earthenware

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Hocking Stuart Blackburn for the purpose of advertising 63 Vicki St., Forest Hill This property has be subdivided into two house since being sold in 2002. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 63 Vicki St., Forest Hill depicting a single story brick house with steps up the concealed doorway. On the left a driveway leads to a gated garage, on the right in the foreground is a front garden.63 Vicki St., Forest Hill Margaret Picken © 2002 Hocking Stuart B/Burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill, real estate

8072.1 - Brown ink well 8072.2 - Brown ink well with no flat bottom 8072.3 - Brown ink well

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 27 Stringybark Close., Forest Hill. This property is listed as having sold for $430,000 in 2002. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a single story brick house, with sweeping steps up to the porch and front door. set back from a horseshoe shaped driveway, and greenery. There are two hole punch holes near the centre of the upper edge.27 Stringybark Close., Forest Hill Margaret Picken © 2001 Fletchers Real Estatewhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill, real estate

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 54 Hedge End Rd., Mitcham The property has be listed as having sold for $127,500 in 1994. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 54 Hedge End Rd., Mitcham depicting a black and white line drawing of a weatherboard house with front garden, and a carport and garage on the right. There are two holepunch holes centered just under the upper edge54 Hedge End Rd., Mitcham Margaret Picken - 94 Woodards - b/burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, mitcham

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 3 Lynne St., Nunawading. This property is listed as having sold for $376,000 in 2003 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story rendered house with a driveway on the left leading to a gated separate garage. Right of the driveway are the steps leading up to the front porch. In the foreground on the right is a front lawn.3 Lynne St., Nunawading Margaret Picken © 2003 Realtor -whitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 35 Shady Gve., Nunawading This property is listed as having sold for $500,000 in 2004 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story brick house. A driveway on the left leading to a carport, with winding foot path leading to the front door. In the foreground on the right is a front yard with garden bed edging.35 Shady Gve., Nunawading Picken © 2004 Realtorwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 254 Springfield Rd., Nunawading This property is listed as having sold for $220,000 in 2001 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story brick house with a sloping roof. On the left is a driveway leading to an connected garage. In the foreground isa horizontal timber fence, which is enclosing a front garden on right.245 Springfield Rd., Nunawading Margaret Picken © 2001 Fletchers Real Estatewhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

Probably related to the service of a Jack Parsons, Full details not clear.This is a folded card. On the front cover, top left is a triangle symbol. The phrase HQ 1 Aust Corps is underneath that. The year 1940 is in top right side. In the corner are the words, Christmas Greetings from Middle East. At the bottom is the Rising Sun Badge. Inside is a B & W print of an Arabic domed building. The printing is in black ink.The name "Jack" is written in green ink in the space provided.christmas card, middle east, ww2

Yields information about the tram decorated for the Ballarat Floral Festival of 1939 at night. Original print of this photograph.Mounted photograph on black light weight card, of the Ballarat (SEC 1st) No. 29 decorated for the 1939 Ballarat Floral Festival - night photograph. Has a label, black ink on white paper "Decorated Tram-car. Ballarat Floral Festival. 1939". Photo glued to card. Photo early 1939. On rear of item is Reg Item 3911. In bottom left hand corner in ink "SEC photo"trams, tramways, secv, illuminated trams, decorated trams, floral tram, tram 29

Specification or report - 3 A4 pages, photocopied titled "New Non-articulated tramcar for Melbourne" with notation "(Z1 & Z2 class trams" above heading in ink. Gives the detail of the tramcar, classification, developers (builders and suppliers), description, history, contract price, warranty, vehicle performance, dimensions, suspension, propulsion, braking, electrical and control systems and body specifications.has "See Fraser Donaldson at lunchtime" in ink along the top of the first page and "(Z1 & Z2 class trams" above heading in ink.trams, tramways, z class, commonwealth engineering, comeng, asea, mmtb, new trams

A property illustration by Margret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 39 O'Shannassy St., Nunawading Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story weatherboard house. On the left is a driveway leading to a gated separate garage. While in the foreground on the right is low brick fence, enclosing a front garden. There are two holepunch holes on just under the upper edge.39 O'Shannassy St., Nunawading Margaret Picken - 92 Woodards - Boxhillwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

An octant is an astronomical instrument used in measuring the angles of heavenly bodies such as the sun, moon and stars at sea in relation to the horizon. This measurement could then be used to calculate the altitude of the body measured, and then the latitude at sea could also be calculated. The angle of the arms of an octant is 45 degrees, or 1/8 of a circle, which gives the instrument its name. Two men independently developed the octant around 1730: John Hadley (1682–1744), an English mathematician, and Thomas Godfrey (1704–1749), a glazier in Philadelphia. While both have a legitimate and equal claim to the invention, Hadley generally gets the greater share of the credit. This reflects the central role that London and the Royal Society played in the history of scientific instruments in the eighteenth and nineteenth century's. There were also two others who are attributed to having created octanes during this period, Caleb Smith, an English insurance broker with a strong interest in astronomy (in 1734), and Jean-Paul Fouchy, a mathematics professor and astronomer in France (in 1732) In 1767 the first edition of the Nautical Almanac tabulated lunar distances, enabling navigators to find the current time from the angle between the sun and the moon. This angle is sometimes larger than 90°, and thus not possible to measure with an octant. For that reason, Admiral John Campbell, who conducted shipboard experiments with the lunar distance method, suggested a larger instrument and the sextant was developed. From that time onward, the sextant was the instrument that experienced significant development and improvements and was the instrument of choice for naval navigators. The octant continued to be produced well into the 19th century, though it was generally a less accurate and less expensive instrument. The lower price of the octant, including versions without a telescope, made it a practical instrument for ships in the merchant and fishing fleets. One common practice among navigators up to the late nineteenth century was to use both a sextant and an octant. The sextant was used with great care and only for lunar sightings while the octant was used for routine meridional altitude measurements of the sun every day. This protected the very accurate and pricier sextant while using the more affordable octant for general use where it performs well. The invention of the octant was a significant step in providing accuracy of a sailors latitude position at sea and his vessels distance from land when taking sightings of land-based landmarks.Octant with metal handle, three different colored shades are attached, in wooden wedge-shaped box lined with green felt. Key is attached. Two telescope eyepieces are in box. Some parts are missing. Oval ink stamp inside lid of box, scale is graduated to 45 degrees. Ink stamp inside lid of box "SHIPLOVERS SOCIETY OF VICTORIA. LIBRARY"instrument, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, octant, navigation, nautical instrument, navigation instrument, john hadley, sextant, astronomical instrument