Mt Bogong is visited all year round. In 1936 Cleve Cole died after having been lost in a blizzard close to its summit. This resulted in the erection of snow poles and the Cleve Cole Hut.Mt Bogong, the highest mountain in Victoria, used by skiers in winter and bushwalkers in summer. The weather is variable.1. Article includes 'New Summit Hut' & includes effect of cattle on skiing conditions - 4 pages stapled top left corner 2. The Mt Bogong Disaster, 1936 Cleve Cole, Rescue. 10 pages stapled top left cornercleve cole, mt bogong, summit hut, snow, skiing disaster.

This book provides in chronological order the development of the Kiewa Hydro-electricity scheme from the first concept (1911) to final construction work (1961). It covers the first attempt to utilise the power of the Victorian Alps water system. It started from a private syndicate and developed to the current State Electricity Commission of Victoria. The incentive for the Hydro scheme was to make money and not as an alternative to the carbon producing coal fired power plants. These coal fired power plants were increasing in numbers to service an ever increasing demand made by population expansion, especially in cities and large rural settlements. This demand spiraled up after World War II when there was a tremendous spike in immigration numbers due to refugees and displaced persons in Europe. The ability to utilise the untapped water provided by the winter snow fields, for a higher yield in electricity, was a powerful incentive to overcome the physical hardships in this remote Alpine region. Future power requirements may initiate the re-installation of the other two power stations(Pretty Valley and Big Hill) covered in original Scheme. This publication not only covers the development of the Kiewa Valley region with respect to population (within a socio-economical framework) but also the subtle but yet strong physical changes of a relatively pristine alpine region. The demands that an ever growing regional population places on the environment is clearly documented in print and black and white photographs. The working and living conditions of those who constructed and gave life to this hydro scheme is well documented in this book. It may be viewed as spartan now but was relevantly good at that moment in time, especially for those workers fleeing a devastated European environment. The successful planning and consideration to minimising any intrusion upon the natural alpine forests and high plains can viewed as an example (compared to the Tasmanian Hydro schemes) of how future hydro schemes (an inevitable requirement) will proceed. Most rural towns (in the early 1900s) were built by unencumbered rural based citizens, with the exception of Mount Beauty and Falls Creek. These two settlements were brought into life by a State (Victorian) Authority for a specific function and program. They were a gated community, that is, only open to construction workers involved with the hydro scheme. All facilities within these communities were provided by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. The impact on the social, financial and individual independency of the community, by the transition from the S.E.C .environment to one of local government (Shire of Bright), had in some cases a severe impact.This hard covered book has a green cover with pictures on the front and back covers. The front cover has a coloured picture of a snow covered Mount Bogong taken from the opposite mountain range. The valley between both ranges has a whisk of mist over it. At the bottom of this picture are three black and white photographs covering the construction of the Kiewa Hydro - Electricity Scheme. On the back cover is a photograph, (black and white) detailing the Bogong village and Junction dam containing lake Guy. The inside front cover is a black and white photograph which details the construction of the West Kiewa tailrace tunnel during April 1951. The inside back cover is a black and white photograph of the concrete pour at the Clover Dam circa 1952. All photographs and sketches are in black and white. The pages are approximately 160 g/m2 and those which have photographs are on gloss paper.Book spine: "The Kiewa Story Graham Napier Geoff Easdown" alongside this is a white framed circle with white spokes radiating out and underneath in white lettering SECkiewa valley, hydro scheme, victorian alpine region, electricity generators, graham napier, geoff easdown

Diana Lodge was built and operated by Kevin Shoebridge as a family lodge in the 1950s and it has grown and evolved over 60 years to become Diana Alpine Lodge. After Mr. Shoebridge moved to Wodonga he leased Diana Lodge to Bob Scott and it also became the Post Office and Telephone Exchange. From early early 1967 until about 1975, Diana Lodge was owned and operated by John and Gwyn van Burck. It was then purchased by a group of 12 families operating as Swan Hill Alpine Holdings. Diana Alpine Lodge has operated under several owners and was sold again as recently as 2023.This brochure is significant because it is linked to one of the early lodges established in Falls Creek.A small tan coloured brochure with black text, The cover features an image of a skier.Above image: DIANA LODGE The Ski-out, Ski-in Lodge Go! with the Snow in Victoria Below the image: Fall's Creek Victoria Phone 58 3214 Proprietors: John and Gwyn van Burckdiana alpine lodge, falls creek accommodation

Postcard, B&W photo of an iced over river with a destroyed bridge in foreground. Buildings on the left. Covering of snow all over. Handwritten in pencil on the back, I2 - The Lys and destroyed bridge between Bac St Maur and Croix du Bac (near Armentieres) G15 (crossed out)postcard, postcard, ww1, river lys, bac st maur, croix du bac, armentieres

The Kangaroo Hoppet is Australia’s premier long distance cross country ski race, and a member of the Worldloppet series of international cross country ski events. The first race at Falls Creek was held in 1979 under the name of “Australian Birkebeiner”. It was a 21km race with about 80 participants organised by the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club of Mount Beauty. The course started and finished at Falls Creek Alpine Resort and took participants out into the Bogong High Plains. After running the event for 10 years, it was decided they should become part of the Worldloppet series of marathon ski races. Representatives from the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club and the Australian Ski Federation attended the Worldloppet Annual Meeting in Finland in June 1990 to put the case for the acceptance of an Australian event into the Worldloppet series. Before being admitted, they had to demonstrate that the Birkebeiner Club could run a world class event, so three months later in August 1990 a 42km event named the Australian International Ski Marathon was held at Falls Creek together with a 21km Birkebeiner race and a 7km event called the Birkebeiner Lite. The event was approved by delegates from USA, Norway and Austria, in 1991 Australia became the 12th member of Worldloppet, with the condition that there had to be a name change. After some late night discussion allegedly involving red wine from North East Victoria the main event became the 42km Kangaroo Hoppet, with the minor events being the 21km Australian Birkebeiner, and 7km Joey Hoppet. In the winter of 1991, the first Kangaroo Hoppet was held. It was a great success and has been a regular fixture on the international ski calendar ever since. It features the main 42km event as well as a 21km event and a 7km event. The Hoppet brings the Australian snowfields to an international audience. In 2000 the Men's Winner was Ben Derrick from Australia in a time of 1:56:39. The winner of the Women's event was Camille Melvey of Australia in a time of 2:19:21.This poster is significant because it documents an event which brings international attention to Falls Creek and the surrounding region.A coloured poster featuring an image of a group of seven skiers on the snow against the sunset, with the outline of four kangaroos in the sky. The slogan for the year was in an arc of yellow text above the skiers. The logos of Worldloppet and QANTAS were featured on either side of the text at the bottom. This year celebrated the 10th Kangaroo Hoppet.In arc of gold text: BE PART OF THE MOB / 26th AUGUST 2000 Beneath image: KANGAROO HOPPET 10 FALLS CREEK AUSTRALIA In smaller print along bottom: Tel: (03) 5754 3103 Fax: (03) 5754 4475 P.O. Box 400 Mount Beauty 3699 Website: http://www.netc.net.au/-hoppet/ Email: [email protected] hoppet, worldloppet events, falls creek, mt. beauty

After World War II, the Kiewa Hydro-Electric Scheme was started in the Kiewa River Valley by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. On land previously used only for summer cattle grazing in the natural alpine grasslands, the first ski lodge was built in 1948 by workers from the hydro scheme as skiing was a popular recreation. Many of the hydro employees were of European background and had grown up enjoying skiing and snow sports in their homelands and were keen to continue to pursue their winter sports interests. The first lift, a rope tow, was built in 1951 at Falls Creek and the first chairlift in Australia was constructed there in 1957. Two T-Bars were opened in 1961. In 1964, the Victorian Municipal Directory recorded that Falls Creek had 29 ski club lodges and 16 commercial lodges. The area became a popular tourist destination for both winter and summer sports.: Employees of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria in the Kiewa River Valley were the earliest skiers on the Bogong High Plains and built one of the first ski lodges at Falls Creek. They were amongst those pivotal in the development of the skiing and tourist industry at Falls Creek and on the Bogong High Plains. Collection of 10 copies and original black and white photographs and printed articles relating to skiing on the Bogong High Plains. Some pieces have been enlarged to A3 poster size copies for display purposes 1. Copy of black and white photograph of group of skiers at Falls Creek 2. Copy of photograph of early skier on Bogong High Plains with temporary buildings and tents in the background 3. Copy of photograph of 3 skiers on Mt McKay 4. Copy of SECV photograph of Rocky Valley Camp under snow 5. Early sepia photograph of Falls Creek village with skiers in the foreground 6. Copy of a page from booklet (SECV?) promoting the benefits of owning a holiday home in the Bogong Village area 7. Copy of a page from booklet (SECV?) promoting the benefits of holidaying in and around Falls Creek/Mt Beauty 8. Panoramic view of ski fields with skis in the foreground 9. Photograph of young skier (identity unknown) 10. Photograph of 2 male skiers (identity unknown) performing a small jump 1. Bogong Ski Club Members & Friends 1944 2. Jack Neve – electrician. Rocky Valley 3. 17.5.55 Skiers ascending Mt McKay 4. State Electricity Commission of Victoria. Date:17.8.55 No:K8132 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works. Rocky Valley Camp – From Engineering Office 5 & 9 No markings 6 & 7 Short article relating to photos on each page 8. Handwritten signature on rear of photo (Sandra Conea) 10 Faded unreadable photographers stamp and handwritten numbers 6875 on rear secv; bogong high plains; skiers; falls creek; tourism

All Early History of the Kiewa Valley. 1. Photo clear but no date. Men named and are residents selecting a site for a bridge at Keegans Crossing 2. Department of Crown Lands letter - 1841 Tawonga pastoral run - Mr James Roberts and Mullindollingong pastoral run 1846 - Mr Patrick Reynolds 3. An account of the Bogong High Plains by W. F. Waters from the late 1890s to 1930s. Published article in the Schuss magazine. August 1958 History of Keegan's Crossing, Kiewa Valley and surrounding residents with names and photos. Early pastoral runs in the Kiewa Valley and Early activities on the Bogong High Plalns..1.The photo includes a listing of residents selecting a site for a bridge at Keegans Crossing. 2. A letter from the Department of Victorian Lands and Survey re early settlers 3. History written in Schuss magaine, Aug. 1958. "In 1896 ... erection of snow poles from Rocky Valley to Tawonga Hut. keegan's crossing, w.f. waters, tawonga and mullindollongong pastoral runs

The Kangaroo Hoppet is Australia’s premier long distance cross country ski race, and a member of the Worldloppet series of international cross country ski events. The first race at Falls Creek was held in 1979 under the name of “Australian Birkebeiner”. It was a 21km race with about 80 participants organised by the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club of Mount Beauty. The course started and finished at Falls Creek Alpine Resort and took participants out into the Bogong High Plains. After running the event for 10 years, it was decided they should become part of the Worldloppet series of marathon ski races. Representatives from the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club and the Australian Ski Federation attended the Worldloppet Annual Meeting in Finland in June 1990 to put the case for the acceptance of an Australian event into the Worldloppet series. Before being admitted, they had to demonstrate that the Birkebeiner Club could run a world class event, so three months later in August 1990 a 42km event named the Australian International Ski Marathon was held at Falls Creek together with a 21km Birkebeiner race and a 7km event called the Birkebeiner Lite. The event was approved by delegates from USA, Norway and Austria, in 1991 Australia became the 12th member of Worldloppet, with the condition that there had to be a name change. After some late night discussion allegedly involving red wine from North East Victoria the main event became the 42km Kangaroo Hoppet, with the minor events being the 21km Australian Birkebeiner, and 7km Joey Hoppet. In the winter of 1991, the first Kangaroo Hoppet was held. It was a great success and has been a regular fixture on the international ski calendar ever since. It features the main 42km event as well as a 21km event and a 7km event. The Hoppet brings the Australian snowfields to an international audience. In 2014 the Men's Winner was Valerio Leccardi from Switzerland in a time of 1:20:03. The winner of the Women's event was Valentina Shevchenko of Ukraine in a time of 1:31:01. This poster is significant because it documents an event which brings international attention to Falls Creek and the surrounding region.A poster two skiers wearing red vests passing a line of yellow markers in snow. The lake and mountain are in the background. Logos of AGL, Falls Creek All Season Alpine Resort, Alpine Shire, Tourism Victoria, Parks Victoria, the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club and the Worldloppet are along the bottom of the poster.Towards top: Kangaroo Hoppet /23RD AUGUST 2014 42KM 21KM 7KM FALLS CREEK VICTORIA AUSTRALIA www.hoppet.com.au kangaroo hoppet, worldloppet events, falls creek, mt. beauty

In the early 1970s the rope tows at Falls Creek were replaced by T Bars, after which they were replaced by chairlifts. When the snow thawed, the mountains reverberated from the sounds of blasting as new pylons were constructed for these chairlifts.Blasting equipment from the early 1970s in three parts, including a rectangle metal box with black with white text on top and six connectors, a rectangle yellow 'Blostometer 80' and a rectangle box with red knobs at end and enclosed in a black-brown leather case. 'EXPLODER TESTING RHEOSTAT' 'Blastometer 80' 'Nissan Blasting Machine - ICI - 30 shot condenser'falls creek, construction, blasting, explosives, snow, snow fields

Yields information about the appearance of Sturt St and the horse trams c1892Digital image from the George Washington Wilson and Co. photographic collection held by the University of Aberdeen - see related documents for information and their website for reproduction permissions. It notes that Fred Hardie was sent to Australia in 1892. There are some 41 Ballarat images available on the website. Sturt St Ballarat, horse tram No. 4 heading west, with a lady near the tram on the north side of the street with the Snow and Room (Snows) in the background. GB 0231 MS 3792/A0186 - taken at the intersection of Armstrong St. Has a number of horse cabs in the background and one of the large street lights at the intersection. See: https://www.abdn.ac.uk/special-collections/about-george-washington-wilson-383.php - accessed 29-12-2017.trams, tramways, sturt st, horse trams, horse cabs, armstrong st, tram 4

Wall calendar from 1940. Picture of a young woman skiing titled Snow Queen signed R.C. Kaufmann. With compliments from W. Jeffrey phone 220 (2 lines). The quality stores - General grocer, wine and spirit merchant. Hargreaves Street Bendigo. For your use peruse list of groceries.business, retail, w jeffrey

Black and White photograph of a young H.R.H. Prince of Wales in a military uniform with walking stick & cigarette in hand, standing in the snow, mounted under glass in a slim brown wooden frame, markings on rear of photo read 'Arcade Art Gallery Bendigo Art Pictures and Framing, L Pattern (Late AIF)'person, individual, portrait, military uniform, military person, military

Dedication ceremony at the Little River Primary School for Rememberance Day 2012 RSL members from Left to Right were Walter Sherman, Ken Simmons, Snow Beswick, Bruce Challoner, Daryl Anderson, Alwyn Leech, Don ScownDedication Ceremony Rememberance Day 2012 Little River Primary SchoolFramed coloured photo in a plastic glass frame MDF backRear of Photo Frame " Little River School 12-11-2012 Remeberance Day Ceremonyphotograph little river primary rememberance day 2012

Ski boots were carried by wooden carriers when transporting ski equipment eg. from transport to snow line or accommodation. The boots had a lip at the front and back to enable them being clipped onto ski bindings and boot carriers.These ski boot carriers indicate the type of equipment that used to be used by skiers skiing on the High Plains and Falls Creek. It is also an example of the inventiveness and skill of people who made their own equipment that either couldn't be bought or wasn't available locally. A pair of wooden ski boot carriers made from light wood. The wood is thick at the heel end with an overhang for the heel of the boot. It has a thin leather strap at the toe end and an adjustable clamp at the toe end. The adjustable part consists of a clamp on either side of the wood held by 2 nuts that screw towards each boot . This clamp can slide up and down the hollow groove in the wood. One boot fits on each side of the wood. Reused wood with old marksski boots. snow. high plains. falls creek

Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Photo of No. 7 at Eaglehawk terminus with a conductress completing the turning of the trolley pole. The F. Esposito's Town Hall hotel in the background along with advertisements for Velvet soap. Photo taken 4-8-1943 by Wal Jack. The tram has the destination of Quarry Hill, has white bumpers and white steps. i1 - scan of print in the album i2 - rear of image i3 - scan of negative at 3200dpi added 6/6/2020. On rear in ink "SEC Bendigo, 2nd No. 7, (ex PMTT), Eaglehawk (heavy snow storms) 4-8-43" with the Wal Jack copyright stamp in the top right hand corner and the number "T208" written in.trams, tramways, eaglehawk, world war i, conductresses, tram 7

These badges were awarded for participation in a Cross Country Ski Race from Mount Hotham to Falls Creek. The Hotham to Falls began in 1978 They were owned and donated by Diana Patterson who was a founding member of Falls Creek Historical Society.These badges belonged to a highly recognised Australian and founding member of the Falls Creek Historical Society.Three enamelled metal pins to commemorate participation in a cross country ski race from Mount Hotham to Falls Creek. Each badge features an image of two snow capped mountains, the sun and a rainbow. A bird is at the bottom with outstretched wings supporting the central image. One badge features a pair of birds and text. On badge 2: Hotham to Falls Creek.diana patterson, falls creek, hotham to falls creek race

Photos were in the collection relating to Thomas Henry Whyte No 1936 AIF. Refer Cat No 2212.6 for his service history. .1) Black and White Row of tents with bicycle and clothing in foreground. .2) Black and White Group of five soldiers unnamed postcard format. .3) Black and White Row of tents Steam Train on LHS .4) Black and White Soldier, boy and young child .5) Black and White Buildings in middle distance. Snowphotographs, 38th, england

A self-portrait, hand-coloured, of 9886 Private Les Chandler in France in 1916. For many Australians the arrival of snow was initially a great novelty. The appeal quickly wore off. The European winter of 1916. The coldest in decades caused further misery for front line troops. hand coloured photoles chandler, 1916, winter, hand-coloured, ww1, aif, a.i.f, world war 1

This publication was released by the Falls Creek Tourist Area Management Committee during the 1969 snow season. It followed decisions to expand the accommodation and services to approximately double its size at that time. It was aimed at promoting the Resort in an effort to attract further interest and potential investment in this development.This brochure is significant because it documents the manner in which the Tourist Resort was prompted for investors.A fold out brochure with a skier on the front cover. The leaflet information about the size and location of Falls Creek including names of several lodges and a map of the Tourist Village on the back cover.Front cover: Falls Creek THE ALPINE PLAYGROUND OF VICTORIAfalls creek tourist resort, falls creek development, falls creek promotion

A Brunsviga twin-system with keys 10x10x20 and 12x20. Plaque: TRINKS Double System / GRIMME NATALIS & Co / Braunschweig / AND Brunsviga Calculator Co. / London, Brunsviga House / Snow Hill EC1[London] / Manchester, WIlliam Brown Street / Glasgow, 20 West Campbell St.

Black and white photograph - shops, wagons, ' Morey and Snow' saddlers ' Cobb & Co., Booking Office. ' K. Van Damme' tobacconist - tobacco & cigars. Coaches, ' Cobb * Co.,' copy of photograph ' Pall Mall looking N.E. C 1857 ( Fox photo? ) J. Lerk 11.02 2000. On left of photo indistance, St.Killians, (bluestone church).place, roads, pall mall

Yields information about the impact of a snow storm in Wendouree Parade.Photo of an Ex HTT bogie tram (see also item 289) in Wendouree parade, just north of present BTM depot junction, with crew standing in front of tram brushing snow off front after a snowstorm. Approx date between 1946 and 1952, possibly 1948. See Reg. Item 2793 for another print of this photograph.On rear in pencil "26/88" plus other markingstrams, tramways, ballarat bogie tram, wendouree parade, snowstorm

Bob (Herman) Hymans (a former member of the Royal Netherlands Navy) was born in Bloemendaal, Holland on 30th September 1922. During World War II he fought against the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was imprisoned in Changi and on the Burma Railway. After gaining qualifications as a Ski Instructor, Bob arrived in Falls Creek in July 1950. Working as an Instructor and Supervisor at Bogong Lodge, Bob decided his future was in accommodation. He was successful in negotiating an indenture for land from the State Electricity Commission (SEC). It took Bob two years to build his Grand Coeur Chalet but, tragically, it was burned down in August 1961. Bob also built the first Chairlift in Australia. This was a single chairlift and the structure was built from wooden electricity poles. He was constantly full of new ideas and proposals for the village. Bob Hymans die on 7th July 2007. This Collection of documents and letters tells the story of Bob's endeavours to develop Falls Creek into the ski village it is today.This item is significant because it documents an early type of over-snow transport introduced to Falls Creek by Bob Hymans.An article from an unknown publication showing a Snow-Sedan which was manufactured by Fudge's Industries at Moosomin, Saskatchewan, Canada. Bob Hymans had purchased three of these vehicles to transport goods as well as customers to his Grand Coeur Chalet. According to this article the image appeared on a Christmas card which had been received by Mr. Fudge. bob hymans, fudge snow-sedan, transport falls creek

Photograph - looking west from the Snows building showing "Shoppee Square" area and a ESCo tram westbound. Shows the various statues in the central median strip along with the garden beds and iron railings. On the rear is a message about celebrating Christmas - with a lemon squash. Published by H&BYields information about the streetscape of Sturt St. and Shoppee Square.Postcard black and white, used, H&B, with a brown and cream border, slightly embossed photo.See image 2tramways, trams, esco, sturt st, shoppee's square

A part of a yearly marketing magazine promoting Falls Creek ski region for the winter holidays. It is a comprehensive directory of information related to Falls Creek activities, maps, accommodation, facilities, tariffs and packages, The back cover features a graph of Falls Creek Average snow base 1984 to 1990This item is important as it documents seasonal activities at Falls Creek Alpine ResortMagazine titled Falls Creek 1991 Winter book containing information and images for 1991 winter holidays.falls creek marketing, falls creek winter programs, falls creek accommodation, falls creek snow cover

Schuss was advertised as Victoria’s Official Ski Journal It was issued monthly from 1935 to 1961 except during the war when summer issues covered two months. This continued after the war, but it averaged 10 issues annually over its 25 year life. Schuss was published by the Ski Club of Victoria which had a membership of 38 Ski Clubs and demanded to be recognised as the prime authority on skiing in the state. The other 30 ski clubs with 85% of the members disagreed and the politics of skiing became heated. These clubs formed the Federation of Victorian Ski Clubs with their own journal, Ski Horizon. With the establishment of the Victorian Ski Association, Ski-Horizon published its last issue in Nov - Dec. 1955 and the role of the official journal was fully taken over by “Schuss”. This item is significant because it contains stories, images and information documenting the development of the ski industry in Victoria.The journal features stories and events chronicling developments in Victoria and internationally. Items related to the Falls Creek Area in this issue include:- Page 88 - BOOKINGS AVAILABLE AT SKYLINE LODGE July snow conditions are well-known to experienced skiers for their dry powder surfaces, fast running and reasonable weather generally. The lower mid-winter temperatures are mainly responsible for the crisp skiing atmosphere offered us during that month. It is surprising therefore to find that bookings for July this year are unusually light at all Victorian resorts. Skyline Lodge in particular, with its good transport, easy access, and usually abundant snow cover has everything to offer keen skiers: at present there are vacancies in its booking list through the month. Why ret sample is delightful skiing?schuss journal, the ski club of victoria, skyline

Hilda Hill Collection. Black & White Photos Depicting Family Life Total 8. Dora dressed all in white and wearing a small hat standing within the branches of a tree, 'the lawns' 1917. Hilda & Rose S.H.L.C. 1917, Hilda wears a white hat and lightly coloured outfit, Rose is wearing a dark hat and dark outfit, both seated on a lawn area. Three boys (unnamed), wearing swimming outfits in the surf at Brighton 1918. Hilda & Dora both dressed in light coloured blouses and dark coats with decorative collars and similar style hats, at Hanging Rock July 1923. Frank at 'The Ranch' Easter Tuesday 1918, Dressed in dark suit and white shirt with bow tie, verandah post on left and weatherboard house in the background. Unknown female dressed in dark dress with white collar, large flower pot on verandah, house window in background, plant trellis to right. Jack, dressed in dark coat over light coloured shirt and lighter coloured trousers sitting on snow bank at 'Buffalo' 1923. Photo of the 'Chalet' at Mt Buffalo, covered in snow and the snow covered gardens in foreground, farm type post and wire fence also enclosing the garden.Hilda Hill Personal Collectionaustralia, history, family life