Photograph is of Sir John Bowser as a young man, probably shortly after he settled in Wangaratta about 1880. In 1884 he became editor and part-owner of the Wangaratta Chronicle. In 20 November 1894 he won the Wangaratta and Rutherglen seat in the Legislative Assembly by only thirteen votes. He remained in the Victorian Parliament for many years and in November 1917 he became premier, chief secretary and minister of labour. At the time the Rutherglen Common School was completed in 1874 he was the Minister of EducationBlack and white portrait photograph of a young man with a mustache. Photo was mounted on a light piece of cardboard that has been torn at the edges.At bottom of photo is pasted a slip of paper printed with: "J. Bowser, Esq., M.L.A."john bowser, victorian legislative assembly, common school, rutherglen common school

The old Sebastopol Town Hall was erected in 1868 and opened on 19 March, 1869. The newer Town Hall was rebuilt in the 1950s and opened on 20 December 1960. The building was demolished except for the facade to build a new library in Sebastopol. The $2.8 million redeveloped Sebastopol Library Community Hub opend its doors to the community on Wednesday 2 January, 2019. This major redevelopment has transformed the City of Ballarat’s Library and Maternal and Child Health services into a vibrant modern community hub, Photographs of the facade of the former Sebastopol Town Hall, and the remains of the old Sebastopol Town Hall revealed during renovations in 2018.sebastopol, sebastopol town hall, sebastopol civic centre, sebastopol community centre, facadism

The old Sebastopol Town Hall was erected in 1868 and opened on 19 March, 1869. The newer Town Hall was rebuilt in the 1950s and opened on 20 December 1960. The building was demolished except for the facade to build a new library in Sebastopol. The $2.8 million redeveloped Sebastopol Library Community Hub opend its doors to the community on Wednesday 2 January, 2019. This major redevelopment has transformed the City of Ballarat’s Library and Maternal and Child Health services into a vibrant modern community hub, Photographs of the facade of the former Sebastopol Town Hall, and the remains fo the old Sebastopol Town Hall revealed during renovations in 2018. The two white poles, donated by former mayors are also depicted. The two white poles at the front of the biulding include a plaque "Presented by the mayor Cr F.W. Miller, 1934"sebastopol, sebastopol town hall, sebastopol civic centre, sebastopol community centre, f.w. miller

These are the youngest two children of Dave and Lily Mair. Geoffrey, Beryl and Gwynne were born while they lived in East Melbourne. Isabel may have been born in Mont Albert after they moved to Louise Avenue. Shirley was born after they moved to 20 Barton Street, Mont Albert. The children attended Mont Albert Central School. Isabel Lillian (1921-1997) and Shirley Inez (1928-1968). This is part of a large collection relating to the Deakin, Mair and Young families.This is part of a large collection relating to the Deakin, Mair and Young families with many connections to Surrey Hills and Mont Albert.A black & white image of 2 young girls seated in a garden setting; the younger one is in the lap of the other and is holding a bunch of flowers.On a label adhered to the top of the original: "Isabel & Shirley Jan. 1931" Rear in lead pencil: "Isabel Lilian Mair / nursing her young sister / Shirley Inez Mair / 1931"isabel lillian mair, shirley inez mair, children

Eleanor (Lena) and Sylvia were 2 of the 11 children of Alice Eleanor (1868-1924) and George James Jackson (1868-1950). Another was George Hall Jackson - AIF no 4660. The Jacksons were both jewellers and married in 1890, migrating from England. Lena was born 16 December 1911; d. 30 May 1984. She married Walter John Rea Dawson. Sylvia was born 20 July 1914 at Nurse Talbot's Hospital in Surrey Hills; d 2008.A black and white photograph of three young girls outside 7-9 Russell Street, Surrey Hills. The two taller girls are identified as Sylvia and Lena Jackson, whilst the small girl is unidentified.russell street, surrey hills, 1911, jewellers, clothing and dress, (miss) lena jackson, (miss) sylvia jackson, (miss) eleanor jackson, (mr) george jackson, (mrs) alice jackson, nurse talbot's hospital, mr walter dawson

Contents belonged to Major Damien Batty whilst serving with the United Nations Forces in Afghanistan. Major Damien Batty served in Afghanistan in 2011-2012 with the Bravo Commando Company Group, 2nd Commando Regiment in Uruzgan. The Commandos took part in 20 rotations with the Special Operations Task Group (SOTG) between 2007 and 2012. During this time they undertook significant combat operations, and were awarded for its actions, the regiment was collectively awarded the Unit Citation for Gallantry and the Meritorious Unit Citation.Contents from the Field Notebook Holder, (see 0096.1) belonging to Major Damien Batty whilst serving with the United Nations in Afghanistan. Located in the clear plastic compartment of the Field Note Holder: 0096.02 - Authority card in colour featuring a photograph of Major Damien Batty. 0096.03 - Facility access card in colour featuring a photograph of Major Damien Batty. Located in the folded compartment of the Field Note Holder: 0096.04 - White boarding pass with colour text 0096.05 - Peach sticker with black text 0096.06 - Peach sticker with black text 0096.07 - Green sticker with black text 0096.08 - White A4 sized paper copy of passport with certification stamp 0096.09 - Small grey Rules of Engagement card with a gloss surface and rounded corners. Has text on both sides 0096.10 - Small yellow Rules of Engagement card with a gloss surface and rounded corners. Has text on both sides 0096.11 - Small purple Rules of Engagement card with a gloss surface and rounded corners. Has text on both sides 0096.12 - White piece of paper torn from a spinal notebook with written text in blue and red ink. (Not pictured) 0096.02 - UNESCORTED / WEAPONS AUTHORISED / CELL PHONE ALLOWED / BATTY / TF-66 / VALID UNTIL 5 DECEMBER 2012. 0096.03 - 03-MAR-74 / BATTY DAMIEN / OF-3 Back 0096.04 - ADAGOLD / AVIATION PTY LTD / FROM SYDNEY / TO MIHAD MILITARY / DATE 05 JUN /1310 / 0096.05 - NHD / 10987 /ADAGOLD / AVIATION PTY LTD / 0096.06 - NHD / 10986 / ADAGOLD / AVIATION PTY LTD / 0096.07 - QUALITY CONTROL / 0096.08 - DAMIEN BATTY / 0096.09 - RESTRICTED / DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE / SEARCH AND DETENTION / OP SLIPPER / (AFGHANISTAN ONLY) / DEC 2010 / 0096.10 - RESTRICTED / DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE / MEAO FORCE PROTECTION / INDIVIDUAL GUIDANCE ON THE USE OF FORCE / APR 2009 / 0096.11 - RESTRICTED / DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE / PURPLE CARD / ORDERS FOR OPERATING FIRE / OP SLIPPER / contents, field notebook holder, identification, united nations

Murray Comrie Collection. This photograph taken after the amalgamation with the Borough of Tarnagulla Council in 1915. Middle row, fourth from left is Walter (Wattie) Corrie, the Tarnagulla Baker, fourth from left is James Duggan, Tarnagulla Agent. Shire of Bet Bet Proclaimed Sept 20, 1864 Re-defined Feb 10, 1891 Tarnagulla Borough united Oct 1915 Dunolly Borough united Nov 1, 1921 Re subdivision from 5 to 3 ridings Oct 1952Monochrome photograph of a group of men assembled in rows for a photograph. No caption or explanation accompanies photograph. Probably depicts members of the Shire of Bet Bet Council in the 1920s. Location and names unknown. Walter Martin is sitting in the middle of the middle row. He was the Tarnagulla baker at the time of the photo. To the right of him in the photo is James Duggan, Tarnagulla dealer and agent. tarnagulla, council, bet bet shire, local government, councillors, mayor, shire

Over 20 years commencing in the 1970s, Edna undertook extensive photographing of the changing streetscape of Melton’s High Street. She anticipated the impact of change on the community during the time of Melton’s rapid transition from a small farming district to a large urban community and this led to her extensively document and photograph many of the structures and landscape features of the township that have since been lost. She also meticulously recorded much of the contemporary life of the town and has left a significant legacy of archival material. Edna Barrie cutting a ribbon to an opening of a eventlocal identities, pioneer families

First committee meeting on 20 April 1956 to be held to get the project of writing a biography of Sir Stanley Savige under way. John Hetherington was selected as the author for a fee of one thousand pounds, but indicated that he would not be available to begin until the end of the year and expected the writing to take 12 months. The minutes note that Sir Stanley Savige's grandson, Stanley G. Waters, was born on the eve of the meeting. See also 00635 for a full list of committee members. It is interesting to note that the meeting took place at the Melbourne Town Hall, and was attended by the Lord Mayor (Sir Frank Selleck), who arrived late. Typewritten faded foolscap sheet.savige book, biography

A 94 page cookbook compiled by Legacy in the 2018. In the acknowledgments special mention was made of the Bendigo, Canberra and Melbourne Legacy Clubs and to the legatees that contributed recipes. Some of the recipes also appear to come from widows in tribute to their husbands' favourite recipes. The publication was supported by Thales who had been in partnership with Legacy since 2008. Copies were sold for $20 each. The book is dedicated to the men, women and families of the Australian Defence Force. Proceeds of the sale of books will go to Legacy.Example of how a cookbook was compiled and sold up to raise money for Legacy's work. A4 printed book x 94 pages of recipes collected from the Legacy community.recipes, cookbook, thales

Jane Graham Austin purchased Allotment 14, Section 1, Township of Linton in 1871. This property, a house and shop in Sussex Street next to the Shire Hall, had formerly been owned by her father, Thomas Austin, who was forced to sell it after being declared insolvent. Jane Austin mortgaged the property for £20 in 1878. When Thomas Austin left Linton in 1882, his daughter sold the property to Benjamin Dodd, who in turn sold it in 1887 to John Angus.Approximately A3-size sheet of blue paper which has been folded twice. Printed and handwritten documentation of the 'Equitable Mortgage' arrangement entered into by Jane Graham Austin with the Bank of New South Wales in December 1878. The release of the mortgage, in October 1882, is also documented. Two half-crown Victorian stamps, one dated 18 Dec1878 and one dated Oct 1882, are affixed to the document.jane graham austin, bank of new south wales, mortgage documents, simson

Ernest Louis Fritz Pieper (1848 -20/10/1939) married Mary Jane Boyd in 1884 Gustav Adolph (1852-9/10/1937) married Annie Pohl Anders in 1876. Otto Emil Christian (10/8/1850 - Sept 1930) married Amelia Maude Boundy in 1878. These three were all born in Gawler, SA and were the sons of Frederick Otto Pieper and his wife Dorothea (nee Salan) who were originally from Prussia.Three gents, two seated and one standing behind, photographed outside weatherboard house. Gents dressed in three piece suits, two with fob chains visible. Bearded. Written on top RH corner of image : $10 On front of card : 29. Reverse, handwritten. The eldest Piepers, Ern, Gus and Otto.unknownperson, family, pieper family

This item is part of a collection donated by Pte Neil Ernest Swainston (3801127) who was called up for National Service but was only in the Australian Army from 24 Apr 71 to 20 Oct 72 a total of 1 year and 183 days. Reason for Pte Swainston’s discharge: Having completed the prescribed period of service in the ARAS (NS). During service Pte Swainston did 5 months with Recruit and Corps Training and regimental and rifleman duties with Infantry until his discharge.The pay book that belonged to Pte Neil Ernest Swainston 3801127. The pay book front cover is brown plastic with black information on the front. There is a blue tape down the left hand side and a green tape in the top right hand corner. The cover has come away from the book and the back cover is missing. Page 1 of shows that this pay book was issued on the 21-4-71.army paybook, soldier's pay book, pte neil ernest swainston, 3801127, australian national serviceman, recruit and corps training, rifleman

Dr. Joseph Clover (1825-1882), an English physician, first described his Portable Regulating Ether Inhaler on Jan. 20, 1877. Clover was an especially sought after anesthesiologist and early pioneer in the specialty. This was the best-known of many inhalers that Clover designed. The dome-shaped reservoir was turned to points on a control dial to gradually increase or decrease the percentage of the air that passed over the ether. Several inventors based new inhalers on this, while the original continued to be manufactured as late as the beginning of WWII.Metal dome shaped chamber with an elbow joint for attaching a rebreather. A cotton rebreather bag is attached.Engraved on dome: Mayer & Meltzer / London / Clover's Inhalerjoseph clover, edward henry embley, closed administration, rebreather

Dr. Joseph Clover (1825-1882), an English physician, first described his Portable Regulating Ether Inhaler on Jan. 20, 1877. Clover was an especially sought after anesthesiologist and early pioneer in the specialty. This was the best-known of many inhalers that Clover designed. The dome-shaped reservoir was turned to points on a control dial to gradually increase or decrease the percentage of the air that passed over the ether. Several inventors based new inhalers on this, while the original continued to be manufactured as late as the beginning of WWII.Metal domed chamber with a bulb attachment on an elbow joint for rebreather bag. There is also a connector for a facemask, but no facemask.Engraved on dome of chamber: Clover's Inhaler / Mayer & Meltzer / London •Moulded in to metal at connector: MAYER & MELTZER RD. NO. 212327joseph clover, closed administration, mayer & meltzer

Dr. Joseph Clover (1825-1882), an English physician, first described his Portable Regulating Ether Inhaler on Jan. 20, 1877. Clover was an especially sought after anesthesiologist and early pioneer in the specialty. This was the best-known of many inhalers that Clover designed. The dome-shaped reservoir was turned to points on a control dial to gradually increase or decrease the percentage of the air that passed over the ether. Several inventors based new inhalers on this, while the original continued to be manufactured as late as the beginning of WWII.Metal dome chamber with flat base and two circular pains of glass on each side of the dome as viewing holes. There is a long connector tube with an elbow joint attached to a bulb for a rebreather bag. A previous exhibition label, typed in black ink on buff coloured card, has been tied to the connector.Moulded into the connector for the rebreather bag: MAYER & MELTZER No 212827 •Printed in white on blue sticker: O.2.9. •Stamped into dome: MAYER & MELTZER / LONDON •Typed onto exhibition label: MODIFIED CLOVER'S INHALER. / c.1906. / Name unknown. the modification consists / in windows to shew the ether-level in the / bowl. The inhaler has otherwise the same / restricted channels as the model of 1877 / and shares its faults. / (Gift of Dr. A.E. Rowden White, 1939).joseph clover, wilson smith

Dr. Joseph Clover (1825-1882), an English physician, first described his Portable Regulating Ether Inhaler on Jan. 20, 1877. Clover was an especially sought after anesthesiologist and early pioneer in the specialty. This was the best-known of many inhalers that Clover designed. The dome-shaped reservoir was turned to points on a control dial to gradually increase or decrease the percentage of the air that passed over the ether. Several inventors based new inhalers on this, while the original continued to be manufactured as late as the beginning of WWIIMetal based inhaler with glass dome lid. From the glass dome an elbow joint leads to a bulb for a rebreather bag [no bag]. There is a cork sealing an opening at the rear of the metal base and a blue sticker adhered.Printed in white on blue sticker: O.2.10 Manufacturer's logo moulded into metal insertjoseph clover, portable regulating ether inhaler

Dr. Joseph Clover (1825-1882), an English physician, first described his Portable Regulating Ether Inhaler on Jan. 20, 1877. Clover was an especially sought after anesthesiologist and early pioneer in the specialty. This was the best-known of many inhalers that Clover designed. The dome-shaped reservoir was turned to points on a control dial to gradually increase or decrease the percentage of the air that passed over the ether. Several inventors based new inhalers on this, while the original continued to be manufactured as late as the beginning of WWII.Metal domed chamber with a bulb attachment on an elbow joint for rebreather bag. There is also a connector for a facemask, but no facemask.White printing on blue sticker: O.2.2. •Engraved on dome: Clover's Inhaler / 1877.joseph clover, portable regulating ether inhaler

This item is part of a collection donated by Pte Neil Ernest Swainston (3801127) who was called up for National Service but was only in the Australian Army from 24 Apr 71 to 20 Oct 72 a total of 1 year and 183 days. Reason for Pte Swainston’s discharge: Having completed the prescribed period of service in the ARAS (NS). During service Pte Swainston did 5 months with Recruit and Corps Training and regimental and rifleman duties with Infantry until his discharge.Pro-forma call-up notice issued by Department of Labour and National Service to N E Swainston on 6th April 1971 advising that he has been called up for national service with the Military Forces of the Commonwealth and is to present himself at Engineer's Training Depot, Swan Street, Melbourne on 21st April 1971 at 9.00am. Details are typed in, National Service Registration Office address stamped on in purple. Signed by PH Cook- Secretary, the document advises recipient what to do if he should become ill or injured prior to the set date, and how to claim related expenses.call-up, conscription, swainston collection, department of labour and national service, pte neil ernest swainston, 3801127, australian national serviceman, recruit and corps training, regimental duties, rifleman

This item is part of a collection donated by Pte Neil Ernest Swainston (3801127) who was called up for National Service but was only in the Australian Army from 24 Apr 71 to 20 Oct 72 a total of 1 year and 183 days. Reason for Pte Swainston’s discharge: Having completed the prescribed period of service in the ARAS (NS). During service Pte Swainston did 5 months with Recruit and Corps Training and regimental and rifleman duties with Infantry until his discharge.Four page proforma letter from Commanding Officer Lieutenant Colonel K. H. Kirkland, 2n. Recruit Training Battalion Puckapunyal to inform Pte N E Swainston of details of the 70-day basic training for conscripted soldiers. Details of training conditions are itemised.conscription, training, national service - australia, pte neil ernest swainston, 3801127, recruit and corps training, infantry, rifleman

In 1858 a tramway was constructed to move goods between Warrnambool township and jetty on Lady Bay which was over a mile away The terminus was established on the southern side of Merri Street. and the track went around the edge of Lake Pertobe reserve. Large stores were also built near where the present railway station is situated to hold produce and carriages. According to these documents , the horses were required for many different tasks in the operation of the tramways including the moving of freight, removal of sand from the area, shunting of trucks and ballasting and repairing lines when necessary.The contractors had a list of conditions imposed including the provision of six horses of strong working ability and sufficient finances. The contract period was for 1 year and payment was monthly in arrears and hours of operation were from 7 am to 6 pm. These handwritten documents provide an insight into the type of work done in the early days of Warrnambool and the working conditions at the time. Five folded grey paper with red lines around edges. Written in black ink. Only front page of each piece has writing on it. 001262.1 Borough of Warrnambool Tramway Department Specification of Duties Contractor for Horse Work Signed William Bell 28/09/1881 001262.2 Borough of Warrnambool Tramway Department Conditions of contract for Horse Work. Signed Daniel Gallagher 20/09/1881 001262.3 Borough of Warrnambool Tramway Department Specification of Duties Contractor for Horse Work Signed Daniel Gallagher 20/09/1881. 001262.4 Borough of Warrnambool Tramway Department Specification of Duties Contractor for Horse Work Signed Michl Daly 5th September 1878 crossed out 001262.5 Borough of Warrnambool Tramway Department Conditions of contract for Horse Work Signed William Bell 28/09/1881warrnambool, warrnambool tramway, horse work, tramway contract

When the German Government imposed ID cards on the Dutch population they employed the collaborator and expert designer Jacob Lentz who claimed they were impossible to forge. The Jewish ones showed a black J on both front and back. However, a Jewish woman living in the Netherlands, Alice Cohn, did learn how to replicate them and thus saved numerous Jewish lives.These items are significant insofar as all Dutch citizens over the age of 15 were obliged to carry ID on their persons at all times.Proof of Identity cards issued by the Dutch Government under orders of the German occupying forces. Inside each folder are the owner's full name; DOB; address; occupation; fingerprints and Date of Issue.a) Photograph and signature of male - J.W.W. v. Alphen. Stamp: Gemeente (Municipality) Rotterdam. Inside cover: R29 No.487892. DOB: Sept.20 1890. b) Photograph and signature of female - H. v. Alphen. Stamp: Gemeente (Municipality) 's-Gravenhage. Inside cover: G41 No.003830. DOB: 12 July, 1920.

Christmas Gift to donorsNilUpright rectangular tin, maroon with silhouette outdoor café scene, gold coloured knob on lid.In middle of all 4 sides, three gold squares featuring a star, parcel and Christmas tree. Inscription beneath, Seasonal Greetings. Gold badge top and bottom of all four sidesand top. Ingredients and nutritional information on bottom as well as packed by "ontrack" and item codes and best by date, 20-11-05.wafer tin, collectable tin, tin collectable, biscuit tin.

Early model Stihl chainsaw with a gravity fed swivel carburetor. Painted grey and black, rear shield unpainted aluminium. Red plate fixed to side with name and specifications.On red plate Sthil logo, "A. Sthil, Maschinenfabrik /Waiblingen Neustadt / Type BL Motor Nr 55101 / Leistung 5.5 PS Nrehzahl 4000 / Nubraum 125 ccm Daujahr F / Zur Schmierung verwonde man Markenole wia / Motor Mobiloil TT / Mischungsvethaltnis 1:20 / Getriebe. Mobilube C140"machinery, timber cutting

Sales plan for land in the suburb of Cheltenham, encompassing both sides of Walker Grove, a section of Centre Dandenong Rd and Axelton St. The developing urban area of Cheltenham within the City of Kingston. This land sale pamphlet illustrates the subdivision of land within the municipality and the changing demographic of the district as new houses are constructed.Black and white pamphlet advertising for private sale the Station Entrance Estate, Highett. Incorporates a map of the estate bordered by Wickham Road, Railway Parade, Highett Road and Point Nepean Road.Handwritten in black pen on subdivision map: 'x' written on subdivisions 2, 3, 8-11, 15-17, 19. Potentially indicating that these properties did not sell at auction. Handwritten in black pen on subdivision map: assumed sale price on subdivisions 1, 4-7, 12-14, 18, 20-31. land sales, cheltenham, estate

Black and white photograph (2 copies- 1 large, 1 small) Typed below large photograph: "Shoe shop in Maroondah Highway 1920s." Image shows 2 men standing in doorway of shop. Writing on window reads, "C.G. Noden, returned soldier." Included with photograph is a copy of Australian Military Forces enlistment details for Charles George Noden dated 20/8/14.

A photo of a group of widows outside a block of units in Windsor, that Legacy purchased to provide accomodation for widows. Names unknown but possibly the first tenants to move into the units. From the date stamp is it February 1976. The September 1975 edition of the Legacy Newsletter to Widows, mentions the 20 flats purchased by Legacy at 9 The Avenue, Windsor, and that they are being renovated for widows to live in. Two options were presented, an 'ingoing' amount of $5,000 then a week maintenance charge of $7 a week; or on a rental basis of approximately $20 a week. (a copy of the Title deed shows the flats were purchased on 7 February 1975). Purchase price was $205,000 with the Department of Social Security requiring the addition of lifts to the building (approximate cost $100,000). From President's highlights report in 1981 we know that external blinds were added to the property. The Windsor units were named "Miriam and Frederick James Ramsay Lodge" after a generous donation in 1987. It was decided the Windsor units, and the ones in Hawthorn, would be sold in 2003 and announced by President Tony Parkes. The decision was published in Leader newspapers and Jellis Craig approached Legacy about the sale, see items at 01089.A record of widows being looked after by Legacy by being provided with affordable housing.Black and white photo of Legacy's flats for widows in The Avenue, Windsor.Handwritten 'Legacy Hostel / 9 The Avenue / Windsor' in blue pen. 'Box 11' in black pen. Stamped 'Melbourne Legacy 3 Feb 1976' in purple ink.widows, properties

This table spoon is from the wreck of the LOCH ARD, a Loch Line ship of 1,693 tons which sailed from Gravesend, London, on 2 March 1878 with 17 passengers and a crew of 36 under Captain George Gibbs. “The intention was to discharge cargo in Melbourne, before returning to London via the Horn with wool and wheat”. Instead, on 1 June 1878, after 90 days at sea, she struck the sandstone cliffs of Mutton Bird Island on the south west coast of Victoria, and sank with the loss of 52 lives and all her cargo. The manifest of the LOCH ARD listed an array of manufactured goods and bulk metals being exported to the Colony of Victoria, with a declared value of £53,700. (202 bills of lading show an actual invoice value of £68, 456, with insurance underwriting to £30,000 of all cargo). Included in the manifest is the item of “Tin hardware & cutlery £7,530”. This table spoon is one of 482 similar items of electro-plated cutlery from the LOCH ARD site, comprising spoons and forks of various sizes but all sharing the same general shape or design and metallic composition. 49 of these pieces display a legible makers’ mark — the initials “W” and “P” placed within a raised diamond outline, which is in turn contained within a sunken crown shape — identifying the manufacturer as William Page & Co of Birmingham. An electroplater’s makers’ marks, unlike sterling silver hallmarks, are not consistent identifiers of quality or date and place of manufacture. A similar line of five impressions was usually made to impress the consumer with an implication of industry standards, but what each one actually signified was not regulated and so they varied according to the whim of the individual foundry. In this case, the maker’s marks are often obscured by sedimentary accretion or removed by corrosion after a century of submersion in the ocean. However sufficient detail has survived to indicate that these samples of electro-plated cutlery probably originated from the same consignment in the LOCH ARD’s cargo. The generally common range of marks are drawn from 255 tea spoons, 125 dessert spoons, and 99 table forks. These marks are clearly visible in 66 instances, while the same sequence of general outlines, or depression shapes, is discernible in another 166 examples. Suggested trade names for William Page & Co’s particular blend of brass plating are ‘roman silver’ or ‘silverite’. This copper alloy polishes to a lustrous gold when new, discolouring to a murky grey with greenish hue when neglected. HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only seven in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register most valuable The LOCH ARD shipwreck is of State significance – Victorian Heritage Register S 417. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Unrestored table spoon from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. The spoon design has a flattened fiddle-back handle, with a thin stem or shank, flared collar, and a shallow rounded bowl. The spoons metallic composition is a thin layer of brass alloy which has partially corroded back to a nickel-silver base metal. Approximately 25% of original plate remains, 20% bears sediment, and 15% is covered by blue-tinged white powdery substance. Outlines of four makers marks are visible but details are unclear. flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, electroplated cutlery, loch ard shipwreck, william page and co, birmingham brass plating, table spoons

This tea spoon is from the wreck of the LOCH ARD, a Loch Line ship of 1,693 tons which sailed from Gravesend, London, on 2 March 1878 with 17 passengers and a crew of 36 under Captain George Gibbs. “The intention was to discharge cargo in Melbourne, before returning to London via the Horn with wool and wheat”. Instead, on 1 June 1878, after 90 days at sea, she struck the sandstone cliffs of Mutton Bird Island on the south west coast of Victoria, and sank with the loss of 52 lives and all her cargo. The manifest of the LOCH ARD listed an array of manufactured goods and bulk metals being exported to the Colony of Victoria, with a declared value of £53,700. (202 bills of lading show an actual invoice value of £68, 456, with insurance underwriting to £30,000 of all cargo). Included in the manifest is the item of “Tin hardware & cutlery £7,530”. This teaspoon is one of 482 similar items of electro-plated cutlery from the LOCH ARD site, comprising spoons and forks of various sizes but all sharing the same general shape or design and metallic composition. 49 of these pieces display a legible makers’ mark — the initials “W” and “P” placed within a raised diamond outline, which is in turn contained within a sunken crown shape — identifying the manufacturer as William Page & Co of Birmingham. An electroplater’s makers’ marks, unlike sterling silver hallmarks, are not consistent identifiers of quality or date and place of manufacture. A similar line of five impressions was usually made to impress the consumer with an implication of industry standards, but what each one actually signified was not regulated and so they varied according to the whim of the individual foundry. In this case, the maker’s marks are often obscured by sedimentary accretion or removed by corrosion after a century of submersion in the ocean. However sufficient detail has survived to indicate that these samples of electro-plated cutlery probably originated from the same consignment in the LOCH ARD’s cargo. The following descriptions of maker’s marks are drawn from 255 tea spoons, 125 dessert spoons, and 99 table forks. These marks are clearly visible in 66 instances, while the same sequence of general outlines, or depression shapes, is discernible in another 166 examples. 1. A recessed Crown containing a raised Diamond outline and the initials “W” and “P” (the recognised trademark of William Page & Co) 2. An impressed Ellipse containing a raised, pivoted, Triangle in its lower part and bearing a Resurrection Cross on its upper section (a possible dissenting church symbol reflecting religious affiliation); OR a rounded Square impression containing a raised, ‘lazy’, letter “B” (possibly mimicking sterling silver hallmark signifying city of manufacture i.e. Birmingham) 3. An impressed rounded Square filled with a raised Maltese Cross (the base metal composite of nickel silver was also known as ‘German silver’ after its Berlin inventors in 1823) 4. A recessed Circle containing a Crab or Scarab Beetle image; OR a recessed Circle containing a rotated ‘fleur de lys’ or ‘fasces’ design 5. A depressed Diamond shape enclosing a large raised letter “R” and a small raised letter “D” (mimicking the U.K. Patent Office stamp which abbreviated the term ‘registered’ to “RD”, but also included date and class of patent) Suggested trade names for William Page & Co’s particular blend of brass plating are ‘roman silver’ or ‘silverite’. This copper alloy polishes to a lustrous gold when new, discolouring to a murky grey with greenish hue when neglected. HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. The LOCH ARD shipwreck is of State significance – Victorian Heritage Register S 417. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Unrestored tea spoon from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. The spoon design has a flattened fiddle-back handle, with a thin stem or shank, flared collar, and elongated bowl. The spoons metallic composition is a thin layer of brass alloy which has partially corroded back to a nickel-silver base metal. Only 20% of plating remains and the bowl has frayed edges and is split. Four makers-marks on the lower portion of the back of the spoon handle are obscured. There is ‘verdigris’ (copper oxidation) on the black base metal and brass plating.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, electroplated cutlery, loch ard shipwreck, nickel silver, william page & co, birmingham, brass plating, makers marks