The subject of this photograph and the writer of the postcard are unknown. The only clues are that she comes from Cudgee and has a friend named Ethel. Her name may also be Ethel as she signs another postcard written by her ( Ethel) H.. From the photograph she appears to be about eighteen and writing about 1910.This item has social significance and could be a subject for further researchThis is a post card with handwriting on the back with black ink on one side and a sepia photograph of a young girl seated on a chair outside on the other side. She is wearing a striped dress, possibly of cotton material.early 20th century photograph, postcard

Vida Evelyn Holmes born 1903, Byaduk, second daughter of Joseph and Agnes Holmes, Byaduk. Worked as a nurse and died in Warrnambool hospital in 1928. 7358 Pte William Thomas Harper, born 1896, Byaduk, 8th Battalion-24th Reinforcements, embarked in Melbourne on HMAT A 70 Ballarat, and killed 3rd May 1918, aged 22 years, buried in Outtersteene Communnal Cemetery Extension, Bailleul, France, Grave HMAT A70 Ballarat, a transport ship sunk by a submarine in the English Channel1809.1-1R envelope 14.5 x 9.00cm, opened along upper side 1809.2-4R letter 22.5 x 15.00cm, 3 pages of buff writing paper, handwritten blue on both sides 1809.5-.5R military pass 19,00 x 10.00cm, commercial pull out sheet, slight pertains on left hand side 1809.6-.9R postcards 14.00 x 9.00cm, sepia photographs/views, green ink, red 1d penny stamp and handwriting. 1809.1-1R envelope: light sepia, ink postage stamp and black ink address and sender details, reverse has lead pencil calculations 1809.2-4R letter: buff writing paper, blue ink handwriting on both sides 1809.5-.5R military pass: printed, blue stamped and handwritten information, red signature Wm T Harper; reverse - black printed instruction and chart 1809.6-.9R postcards: Souvenir of Salisbury/Views Only, partial postmark.Miss Vida Holmes/Byaduk/Hamilton/Victoria/Australia Reverse inside note signed 'Yours Sincerely/Cousin Bill/ One of the "Ballarat' heroes/...s the King calls you/ Wednesday May 9th 1917Love to all the children/and Mother and Fathervida holmes, bill harper, hmat a70 ballarat, ww 1, byaduk, letter, postcard, military pass, 7358

This pencilled letter from 1892, was written on the steamer 'Success' by Mr Terry Davidson's grandmother, Frances Edith Ashe was posted to her sister, Florence (Floss) when the steamer arrived at Pooncarrie en route to the Murray and Echuca. Frances Edith (who signs the letter with her nickname 'Yeeds') was finishing her employment as a governess at the Teryawynia Station in the employ of the Gilberts. Teryawynia is situated on the Talyawalka Creek some 30 kms from the Darling River. The beginning point for the river journey recorded as being Henley Outstation - this being some 50 kms upstream from Menindee. At the time of writing this letter, she was 20 years old and on her second job as a governess. Her sister Floss was three years older. The references to 'George' withint the letter relate to a 24-year old George Alecander Davisdon, w worker on Teryawynia while she was therre - she was to marry Geroge some six years later. the description of life onboard and of the river journey (more than family chit chat) make up the valuable historical elements to thi sletter. It is appropriate that this letter will reside within a collection that tells the story of the paddlesteamers and their part in our Australian history. Steamer "Success" stampp.s. success, darling river, pooncarrie n.s.w

Susan Zull was the daughter of Florence Ada and Robert Henry Zull of Brunswick when she attended Coburg School, no 484 in the early 1960s. This undated progress report, cites numerical scores for June and December for Grade three for the subjects: speech, reading, composition, english, spellling, writing, arithmetic, social studies, nature study, health knowledge, art, and needlework. It also provides a short report on Susan's progress. The report is signed by W. E. Thomas Head teacher and Robert H. Zull The family would move to Eltham in 1963. susan zull, susan bennett, coburg school, report card, grade 3, education, primary, elementary, subjects, robert zull, w. e. thomas

Dark green cover. Title and author in gold letteringnon-fictionA history of Marysville and the local district.marysville, history, local history, timber, tourism, victoria

Dark green cover. Title and author in gold letteringnon-fictionA history of Marysville and the local district.marysville, history, local history, timber, tourism, victoria

Formal certificate outlining Promotion of V.H. Evans, No 418655 RAAF to Officer Rank. Signed on 23 Oct 1945 but backdated to 1st Sept 1944. From the Governor General and signed on his behalf.Heavy white paper. Fold mark in middle and stamp imprint on bottom left corner. A little dirty around edges. Style of writing, form with gaps left for unique date (name & dates) to be filled in. Blank on other side.Note on side stating record entered in Register of Patents No.177 P.118 on 12th Feb 1946. Form has imprint of Official Commonwealth of Australia stamp in bottom left corner. Signature at bottom of form. An address noted in pencil on back.promotion, officer, raaf, ww2

Letter 1 - Letter answering query saying correct training material has been sent. Letter from recruitment Centre in Melb. Letter 2 - from RAAF Recruiting Centre to V H Evans No. 418615 outlining training material that had been sent to him prior to training starting. Refer 1760.4, Box 41 for details.Letter 1 - single sheet paper, standard form of blue writing and typed in black on one side only. Paper yellow in colour. Letter 2 - Letter on yellow paper, folded twice. Type in black and large tear along fold. Single sheet with the type only on one side.Letter 1 - name of applicant and description of items sent. Letter 2 - Quote reference "694" and signed by Senior Education Officer.raaf recruitment, training, ww2

Letters from Sapper W. L. HALL VX48117 from 2/16th Army Co. R.A.F. Posted in Asia sent to family in 1943 & 28/1/45.Letter 1. - One page closely hand written letter on both sides on A4 faded yellow paper and torn envelope with Australian stamp. Letter 2. - 3 pages with close hand writing on both sides of paper. Insignia of Salvation Army, ACF and YMCA on paper. Envelope 1. - Faded with stamp & 2 postal stamps. Torn at top. Envelope 2. - Dark brown, stamped and signed with ACF & YMCA Insignia.Envelope 1 - Address on front to Mrs J. Hall & family. Stamp saying passed by censor. Aust Postal stamp, also AirMail stamp. Envelope 2 - Addresses to Mrs J. Hall, signature of censor & Australian stamp.letter, army field company, asia

Rhyming poem written by LT. John Bartlett PERRY VX 25088 2nd Light Anti Aircraft regiment. Subject is his daily task of censoring his soldiers letters. 4 pages of lined paper containing a hand written Poe o 15 paragraphs each with 6 lines. Writing in pen black ink. Stapled together with a small sewing pin. Poem signed at end with “Copyright VX 25088 J.B. PERRY”poem, censoring

1. Home made Print of ANZUK Force (Aust, NZ, UK), which was unit based in Singapore in early 1970's. 2. Identification sign roughed up to identify Padre's tent as part of the ANZUK Unit.1. Printed paper, red background, white edge, picture of orange and blue crown in centre and ANZUK Force written in black on white background ribbon at bottom. 2. Hand painted on metal plate, emblem of 6th Coy RAASC and in yellow writing at bottom " Padre". Small hole drilled thru at top and bottom to hang sign.1. Crown in centre & "ANZUK FORCE" below. 2. Emblem of shield with wings, a halo above and "Div", "RAASC", "Tpt" below and "Padre" written at bottom. souvenirs, signs, passchendaele barracks trust

The cards were sent from Leonard James Kennedy Myers No 593 B Coy 38th Bn. .2) Main text of letter is that he is alive and well and that they have been in and out of the Trenches. .3) Main text is that he is alive and well and that they will be going to France by the end of the month. Refer Cat No 5062.2P for his service details and death..1) Xmas card folding 4 pages joined by a brown ribbon in a bow, front has a raised gold Rising Sun with text and music bars, centre has a 4 line short poem followed by a Xmas greeting, hand written at the bottom in ink. .2) Silk Post card with card surround, centre has silk sewing with flags, flowers, writing in gold, an open section that allows for a small card insert with message on, rear has a hand written letter in pencil. .3) Post card B & W with drawing at top followed by a poem of 5 verses, signed in pencil, rear has a hand written letter in pencil..1) Inside, “From Jim to Father” .2) On silk, “I’m thinking on you”. On small card, “From your loving son”. On rear, “France 31.4.1917, Dear Mother, love from Jim xxx”. .3) On front, “To my truest of Pals, my Mother, from Jim”. On rear, “Nov 6th 1916, Dear Mum, goodbye from Jim”.postcards, xmas, 38th bn, b coy

See Cat 5109P1-3. Three page letters written in ink. The paper has the Australian Comforts Fund letterhead in red ink (RSL, Salvation Army & YMCA) - addressed to "My darling Marjorie" signed "From your loving boyfrien Ted". He mentions - Anniversary of the day the Japs "chased us out of Rabaul" air raids. He is in Victoria at time of writing. 4-5. Two page letter written in ink to "My Darling from "Love and kisses" Yours Ted. The letter is written from Goodnight, via Tooleybuc NSW 29 - 9 -1942. He mentioned farming, Bendigo and an electric iron surprise. 6 - 8. Three page letters on Comforts Fund letterhead paper. Written at 107 Con Depot, Ballarat. To "My Darling Marjorie" from "Love and Kisses" Yours Only Ted. He mentions weather, chocolate soldiers, Americans, Guadalcanal, here in Ballarat.ww2, romance, ballarat, americans

This card is part of the McIntyre collection from three sons, J.L. McIntyre (founding member of Lara RSL Sub Branch WW1; J. W. McIntyre WW1 and T.G. McIntyre WW2. Jim McIntyre picked this card up while on leave in Cape Town, South AfricaA card sent home to family from WW1 Anzac serving in the AIFOn cover (see image) is written Everlasting Silver Leaves from Table Mountain Cape Town South Africa On second page (see image) is a photo of Strand Street, Cape Town On third page (see image) are three leaves with a picture of flowers, a hand and sign 'Remember Me' On back page (see image) is writing - Cape Town 12/1/17 To Florrie From Jim silver leaves, table mountain, cape town, south africa, ww1, world war 1, australian army, aif, mcintyre, strand street

For historical information refer to notes attached to Cat No 2755.4 See attached sheets for the remainder of pages.Black plastic folder, ring binding with 20 clear plastic sleeves. .1) Photocopy of cover for personnel documents for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN, MC, NX12229, N60005, Captain 2nd Garrison Battalion. A4 page size. .2) Photocopy of WWII attestation form dated 2.5.1940 for NX12229, Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. .3) Photocopy of Medical Exam Section. .4) Photocopy of Medical Exam Section with black & white ID photo. .5) Enlarged photocopy of ID photos of Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. .6) Photocopy of Mobilization attestation form dated 6.10.39 for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. .7) Photocopy of Termination of Officer's Appointment dated 2.4.1946 for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN, OBE, NX12229. .8) Photocopy of Officers Record of Service for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. Address at time was Wali, New Guinea .9) Photocopy of Officers Record of Suc for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN OBE MC ED NX12229. Address at time was Wali, New Guinea. First entry: 16.6.1914. Last entry: 1.11.1945. .10) Photocopy of Officers Record of Service, dated 29.8.1950. For NX12229 Herbert Trangmar ALLAN MC OBE ED. Last address Watsons Bay NSW. .11) Photocopy of Determination of Demobilization Priority for NX12229 Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. Dated 5.10.1945. .12) Photocopy of sheet showing service early WWII for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. .13) Photocopy of sheet showing early WWII service of N60005, Herbert Trangmar ALLAN. .14) Photocopy of Officer's Record of Service sheet for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN OBE MC NX12229. First entry: 17/2/1943. Last entry: 24.8.1944. .15) Photocopy of Record of Service sheet. First entry: 28.9.1944. Last entry: 25.5.1945. .16) Photocopy of Officer's Record of Service for Herbert Trangmar ALLAN OBE MC NX12229. First entry: 1.6.1945. Last entry: 14.3.1946. .17) Photocopy of Record of Service sheet. Mentions MID in SWPA & rank changes. First entry: 21.3.1946. Last entry: 30.9.1950. .18) Photocopy of Officer's Record of Service sheet for NX12229 Herbert Trangmar ALLAN 2nd Garrison Battalion. First entry: 6.9.1944. Last entry: 7.5.1946 .19) Photocopy of Recommendation for an OBE for NX12229 Herbert Trangmar ALLAN MC Major. Tobruk period April / October 1941. .20) Photocopy of a sheet showing medals & awards for N60005 NX12229 Herbert Trangmar ALLAN OBE MC ED MID. .21) Photocopy of a letter to Deputy Commissioner - Repatriation on AIF letterhead. Re: Captain ALLAN H T 17 Battalion. .22) Photocopy of an AIF letterhead Canberra dated 1.5.1950. To Secretary HQ Repat Commission. Re: Capt ALLAN H T 17 Battalion. .23) Photocopy of a sheet showing telephone note re awards, dated 2.7.1955. Re: ALLAN H T. Address Mullaway, Woolgoolga, NSW. .24) Photocopy of ranks & dates for ALLAN H T NX12229. DOB 5.1.1895. Served in 14-18 Yes. First entry: 16.6.1914. Last entry: 29.1.1944. .25) Photocopy of ranks & dates for above. First entry: 13.2.1942. Last entry: 1.4.1945. .26) Photocopy of ranks & dates for ALLAN H T NX12229. DOB 5.1.1895. OBE MC. First entry: 23.7.1945. Last entry: 15.8.1951. .27) Photocopy of a note showing Colonel H T ALLAN, address Mullaway, Woolgoolga, NSW. Written on a note pad with British Aluminium stamped on it. .28) Typed sheet showing a brief (biography) story of the life of Herbert Trangmar ALLAN (Blue). .29) Colour top view photo on A4 paper showing a huge pair of Japanese binoculars mounted on a tripod. .30) Colour R side view photo on A4 paper of Japanese binoculars. .31) Colour rear view photo of huge Japanese binoculars. .32) Colour front view photo on A4 paper of huge Japanese binoculars mounted on a tripod. .33) Colour L side view photo of huge Japanese binoculars. .34) Colour photo of tripod with timber legs & brace to suit binoculars above. .35) Black & white photo of a manufacturers plate featuring Japanese writing & numbers. .36) Colour photo on A4 paper showing manufacturers plate on rear of support brace on the tripod head. .37) Copy of WM Collection photo number 058101 showing an Australian soldier looking into the binoculars, Finschafen New Guinea .38) Menu card. TobrukDay Dinner 2/17th Sgts Mess. Dated Wed 19.11.1941. .39) Christmas card with red ribbon in its fold. Shows a signpost Syria - Australia - & a Rising Sun, a kangaroo with smoke & fire, a laughing kookaburra on a sign post. Stamp. HQ 20 Aust Inf Bde AIF. .38) On rear: Two autographs. .39) Inside: “Best wishes for year 1942-1943 from Brig W (T) V Windeyer and staff”recorrds, certificcats, folders

The cards revolve around "Hannah FIRTH". See also Cat. No. 4048.10P for more cards. .1) Addressed to "Hannah" from "Clarry (Peanuts)". .2) To "Dear Hannah, April 13th 7.30pm". Not signed off but from same person as .1) & .3). .3) Addressed "Dear" from "Dillon (Clarry)". .4) To "Dear Hannah" from "Yours ERIC". .5) There is no to or from but mentions "ERIC". .6) - .9) all are written on rear in large purple writing with the following: "Love to Hannah x x" "To Hannah with Love x x x" "With the Australian Contingent in Eygpt" "Love to Hannah x x" .10) Addressed to "Mrs H. FIRTH 18 Brunswick St Morley Leeds Yorkshire". The date on card is unclear. .11) On rear in red "No 33 - some of the nurses in their quarters at an Australian Casualty Clearing Station". .12) On rear in fine print "Patriotic Series No. 22" Across both 4048.10P & 4049.12P there is two other addresses for "MISS H. FIRTH". 1. 28 Young St Fitzroy, Melbourne. 2. 2 Turner St Abbotsford, Melbourne.Twelve photograph postcards of different scenes revolving around “Hannah”.1) & .2) Postcards, colour, centre has oval shape with British flag and all around are 11 smaller flags with country name on. In gold speckled writing top & bottom "From A. 10th Field Coy Engineers. On rear in black pen extensive letters. .3) Postcard, colour, centre has horse shoe with Australian & British flags. In same speckled gold writing as .1) & .2). On horseshoe in black pen "Good luck to Hannah & Clarence". .4) Postcard, black & white, showing a ship, at the bottom printed "TROOPSHIP HORORATA". On rear short letter in purple. .5) Postcard, sepia, showing soldier on horseback at the Pyramids & Sphinx. On rear brief letter in pencil. .6) Postcard, sepia, showing a street scene which appears to be a place called "Muski" in Eygpt. Brief note on rear in purple. .7) Postcard, sepia, showing domed building, re the "Blue Mosque". Brief note on back in purple. .8) Postcard, sepia, scene over buildings being "View from the Citadel". Brief note on the back in purple. .9) Postcard, sepia, showing a sailing craft on a river being "Felluca on the Nile". .10) Postcard, colour, hand drawn, shown a flag flower arrangement, centre in an arrow through a heart. Address on rear in black. .11) Postcard, black & white, showing a group of nurses. Card was put out by the "Aust Comforts Fund". .12) Postcard, colour, drawn showing six different nations soldiers carrying flags.photographs, postcards, hannah

Items relate to the collection of J.L. Truscott. No.1842 RAAF. Refer Cat. No. 4040.8P.1) Photostat, black & white, detailing Daily Routine Orders first issued to No. 12 SQD RAAF Darwin 25.7.1939. .2) Mens Dinner card, black & white with photo of aeroplane over Darwin Harbour - 12 SQD RAAF. .3) Reunion Brochure, black print, orange paper, folding re Reunion Darwin July 1989, 12 SQD RAAF..1) In black hand writing: "First Official Daily Routine Orders issued to No12 Squadron at Darwin 25.7.39." .2) Underneath photo/menu 23.2.40 hand written in blue pen "Only Men Dinner'. Beneath above stuck on, typed name "Sgt Truscott". On the rear in pencil signed signatures of those attending. .3) Brochure details the history of No12 SQD, its move to Darwin 1939, War history, inside are photos of aeroplanes.documents, raaf, reunion, 12 sqd

B&W photo of SS Runic, which took the 38th Btn AIF to England in 1916 with writing in two places. Photo is set on cream and dark blue cardboard backing, with signed names on the cream section. Names are also signed on the rear. The frame is stained wood."At Sea 11/7/16 Transport A54 SS Runic"photography-photographs, frame accessories, military history, runic, 38th bn

Office Stationery : Officer Ward Book 1908 The book contains approximately 200 pages. Only the front page and the first page contain writing. The rest of the pages contain faint lines in blue and red typical of early 20th century stationery. No information is written on these pages. While the exterior cover shows signs of tears, stains, dirt, fading, fraying and general wear and tear - it appears the book has had very little use. Handwritten - black ink Officers Ward Book 981 PRobin 81 = CL +Psalm Clancy Enplen Shropshire ward book, stationery

Pens, nib pens and later fountain pens, with suitable inks, were commonly used for writing communications from the 18th century to the mod 20th century. Fountain pens continue to be used and enjoyed. Dip pens with a wide variety of nibs are used for calligraphy writing, a hobby enjoyed by many people. The quality of the pen handle, the nib and the ink all work together to produce fine handwriting that expresses the character and mood of the writer. This Bakelite ink case has been specifically moulded to snugly contain an ink bottle, with just enough room to wrap the bottle with a padding or card or blotting paper. The screw top lid fits the case well and this container would be a good way to travel with ink because any spillage would be kept within the waterproof case. The Bakelite material is lightweight and strong. Ink bottle cases, or travelling cases, have been made as an accessory for nib pen writers. The first patent for a “pocket-case for bottles”, a wooden case, was applied for in the US in 1891. Other materials such as steel, pewter and aluminum as well as Bakelite have also been used. The British Museum has an elaborately decorated bronze ink pot holder that is inlaid with turquoise. Today ink bottle cases are even available in fabric with loops to attach to a belt. Bakelite, the material used for this ink bottle case, is made from synthetic materials and is an early form of plastic, developed in 1907 and used extensively until the 1940’s. It is still in used today for specific applications but has been largely replaced by more modern forms of plastics. This ink bottle case carries the imprint of Mabie, Todd & Co. (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. This form of company name was used from 1938 to the mid 1950’s. The Swan ink bottle’s information says it was made by Mabie, Todd & Co. Ltd., London and Sydney, so dates the ink bottle from about 1908 until 1934. (Australian newspapers display advertisements dated 1908 until 1934 for Sydney wholesalers and agents for Mabie, Todd & Co. Ltd.) ABOUT PERSONAL FOUNTAIN PENS (FOUNT PENS) A 1917 newspaper advertisement recommends that the owner of a “Swan” doesn’t lend it to anyone else to use due to its qualities of it personalised to the owner. It reads “Don’t lend your “Swan” fountpen, recommend it, but don’t let other people use it. You see, a good pen doesn’t wear, but its “tamper” (or spring) works into the writer’s pressure and manner of holding. Another person with a dashing style of writing may strain it do that it will no longer feel just like your own.” This personalisation of nib pens may be the reason that legal documents in the past being acceptable only if they were signed using a ‘wet ink’ pen. Forgeries of signatures could be easily detected as the nib takes on the character of the pen’s owner. A ballpoint pen was not acceptable. This is a strong contrast to modern times when a digital signature is widely accepted. ABOUT MABIE TODD Pty Ltd. The American company Mabie Todd began by making pencil cases in New York in the 1860’s. The Bard Brothers, makers of Gold nibs, joined Mabie Todd and the company was established in the 1870’s as Mabie Todd and Bard. In 1878 the company filed a patent for the design of a fountain pen and in 1884 the first Swan fountain pen was released. In 1884 a Mabie Todd and Bard office and showroom was established in London. In 1906 the company’s name changed to Mabie Todd & Co, New York. The UK offices also used this new name and in 1907 the UK began producing their own Swan pens. Manufacturing was going so well in England that New York sold their rights to European and Colonial business to the new Mabie Todd & Company Ltd of England. By the end of the 1930’s all components for the pens were being made in the UK; the pens in the London factory, the gold nibs in Birmingham and the ink in Liverpool. Newspaper articles from 1934 stated that Mabie Todd were large buyers of Tasmanian iridium, which had been welded with gold and used since 1834 for the tips of nib and fountain pens. Fountain pen points were the largest market buyers for Tasmanian iridium, which was classed as “the best in the world”. Production growth continued up until WWII times, when the headquarters and main factory were destroyed. Mabie Todd & Company Ltd of England rebuilt out of the inner city and by 1946 pen production began again. The market for nib and fountain pens was diminishing by this time, with people beginning to use the new ballpoint ‘Biro’ pens. The Mabie Todd bought shares in Biro Pens and in 1952 became Biro Swan. They went on to make more ballpoint pens than any other manufacturer in Britain. The ink refills that Biro-Swan produced came in five different viscosity or thickness xhoices, depending on the season and location of where the pen would be used . Along with the ballpoint pens, Biro-Swan also introduced a range of Calligraph pens to attract those following the new trend for italic writing. In 1948 Mr. T. Burke, a director for Mabie Todd & Co. (Aust.) Pty Ltd., announced that there would be a £40,000 factory built in Sydney in 1949 for the manufacture of ink. The plant for the factory would be imported from overseas. Sadly the company struggled against competition and in 1956 Mabie Todd closed business and no more Swan pens were produced. The ink bottle and container was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) According to Berry, her mother Gladys made a lot of their clothes. She was very talented and did some lovely embroidery including lingerie for her trousseau and beautifully handmade baby clothes. Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . Its first station was in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital (a 2 bed ward at the Nelson Street Practice) from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what previously once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr Tom and his brother had worked as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He had been House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan had gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. When Dr Angus took up practice in the Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan’s old premises he obtained their extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926. A large part of this collection is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. and an ALDI sore is on the land that was once their tennis court). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served with the Australian Department of Defence as a Surgeon Captain during WWII 1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. He had an interest in people and the community They were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The ink bottle case is significant for its association with writing methods commonly used during the colonisation of Australia until the mid-20th century. The protective Bakelite case demonstrates the value placed on caring for the user’s supply of ink and protecting other belongings of the user, enabling writers to easily carry and safely transport their ink without the concern of spilling it. The case’s design is a good example of the use of new technology. The properties of Bakelite have enabled its moulded design and make it waterproof and lightweight, easily cleaned, closely fitted to the shape of the ink bottle within and lid and base join together using a smooth screwing action. The maker’s marks have also been moulded into the Bakelite, therefore not distracting from the simple but elegant design. This ink bottle case also represents the period of early to mid-20th century when handwriting materials for writers using ink and nib pens were imported into Australia and developed for the Australian market and sold by wholesalers on behalf of overseas companies. Vintage brown Bakelite travelling ink bottle case (or holder, pot, well) containing glass ink bottle and original textured cardboard liner, made by Swan Ink, Mabie, Todd & Co. (Aust) Pty.. Ltd. The Bakelite container is shaped to fit snugly around the ink bottle. It still retains its original shiny finish, the lid screws on and off perfectly. The maker’s name is embossed on lid and base of the Bakelite container. The inkwell contains a glass Ink bottle with a tiny amount of dried up ink Swan triple filtered ink inside. The bottle is cylindrical with curved shoulders tapering to a neck of around 2cm. The white metal screw-on lid and the white and red paper label on the side of the bottle both have a printed description of the ink and maker. Circa 1934-1950’sBAKELITE INK CASE - embossed on either side of the lid “ “SWAN” INK / ”SWAN” INK “ - embossed into base, written in a circle “MABIE TODD & Co (Aust.) PTY. LTD.” GLASS BOTTLE – printed on lid “SWAN”/ [corporate logo combining letters ‘M, T, co’]/TRIPLE FILTERED/ INK.” - printed on label “SWAN” INK /FOR FOUNTAIN & / STEEL PENS / A BLUE BLACK INK OF/ THE FINEST QUALITY/ MADE IN ENGLAND/ MABIE. TODD & CO LTD …….. LONDON. SYDNEY/ Makers of “SWAN” Pens, Gold Pens & Ink“ - moulded into the base of the ink bottle and written around the bottom outside edge of the bottle are the words “THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF/ MABIE TODD/AUST”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, ink bottle holder, ink bottle case, ink bottle pot, travelling inkwell, portable inkwell, travelling ink pot, travelling ink bottle case, ink bottle, inkwell, ink well, swan ink, bakelite, dip pen ink, nib pen ink, fountain pen, fontpen, writing methods, stationery, mabie todd & co, swan fountain pens, biro-swan

The postcard shows a photograph of William Ferrier, the 25-year-old Warrnambool fisherman from South Warrnambool whose rescue of two sailors from the wrecked La Bella made him an overnight National hero, quoted as “one of the most heroic rescues in Victoria’s shipwreck history”. The La Bella was wrecked on 10th November 1905 and the photograph was taken on the next day. In the photograph, William Ferrier is seated in the centre, with four of the five survivors beside him: (from left to right) Leonard Robertson, R. Payne, Oscar Rosenholme and Jack Noake. The photograph was taken by Foyle Photography Studio in Warrnambool, originally owned by James Charles Foyle. He previously had a photographic studio in Melbourne 1882 1887, then opened “Foyle’s Photo Card Studios” in Liebig St, Warrnambool. James Foyle died on 13th July 1905 and his son and daughter, Charles and Lilian Foyle continued on with the business until 1945. This photograph was most likely taken by either Charles or Lilian Foyle. The story of William Ferrier’s brave act follows on below … The ship from which the sailors were rescued was the three-masted, iron and steel barquentine the La Bella, built in Norway in 1893. She was one of two iron and steel ships by Johan Smith, the company was one of the leading shipping families in Tvedestrand, Norway. She was significant to Norwegian shipping, being one of only 27 iron and steel ships ever built in Norway. She was registered in New Zealand and engaged from 1902 in inter-colonial trading of timber in the Pacific, between New Zealand and Australia and was often in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. On 5th October 1905, the twelve-year-old La Bella left Lyttleton, New Zealand carrying a cargo of timber bound for Warrnambool, Australia. She was manned by a crew of twelve: the Master, (Captain Mylius, previously 1st Mate of La Bella, appointed Captain to La Bella on 6th February 1903) 2 Mates, Cook, six able seamen, one ordinary seaman and a boy. Bad weather en route caused her to shelter at Burnie on Tasmania's North West coast. On November 10th, the 37th day of her journey, La Bella approached Warrnambool. Captain Mylius steered her towards Lady Bay Channel in heavy south-west seas and evening mist. He ordered the helmsman to steer for the light. As the ship came round, a tremendous sea struck her on the port quarter, causing her to breach broadside in a northwesterly direction into breakers. The helm was brought round twice more, but each time heavy seas broke over her, the third time throwing the La Bella on to a submerged reef in Lady Bay now known as La Bella Reef (about 100 yards from the Warrnambool breakwater). The sea was so rough that it even wrenched a one-and-a-half ton anchor from its fastenings and into the sea. As Captain Mylius headed to the steel wheelhouse, intending to send up a rocket flare, a huge sea slammed the steel door into him (resulting in massive bruising front and back) Despite his injuries he still managed to set off a blue light, which he held up in his hands. La Bella’s lifeboats were filled with seawater and broke up on their chocks. The blue light was the first indication to people on the shore that there was a ship in distress. The Harbour Master, Captain Roe (who lived in the Harbour Master’s House opposite Flagstaff Hill), organised a group of volunteers to crew the lifeboat because the trained crew was unavailable; the crewmen were working on a steamer in Port Fairy at the time. He then poured oil onto the water to try and smooth the sea. At around 11 pm three of the crew took shelter in the steel forecastle but the sea crashed into it and broke it up. While the rest of the crew and onlookers watched helplessly in the moonlight the bodies were washed away into the sea, never to be seen again. Some of the crew lashed themselves to the weather rail to keep from being washed away. Watson, the ordinary seaman, became tangled in the rigging lines and was too weak to move, so the 2nd Mate, Robertson, put a line onto him so that he wouldn’t wash off. Around 11 pm three of the crew were unconscious from exhaustion. The situation on La Bella was becoming dangerous. The 2nd Mate moved to the ‘house’ and soon afterwards the ship slipped in the heavy sea. The lashings of the 1st Mate and the ‘boy’ Denham had kept them safe until about 2 am when they were washed overboard; no one was able to help. One by one, the exhausted crew were being washed overboard, too weak to hold on any longer. During the night the La Bella had broken into two and the deckhouse ran out towards the sea. Two more men drowned when trying to reach the lifeboat. By sunrise, the only survivors of the twelve were the Master, 2nd Mate and three seamen. Early in the morning, Captain Roe used the rocket apparatus on shore to try and shoot a line to the ship for a safer rescue but each attempt fell short of the target. Several attempts were made by the lifeboat to rescue the stricken sailors, but the rough conditions made this difficult for the boat to get close enough to the ship and the lifeboat had to return to shore. During a final attempt to reach the ship Captain Mylius ordered his men to jump into the sea. Leonard Robertson, 2nd mate, jumped and swam towards the lifeboat, taking hold of the boat hook offered to him. Oscar Rosenholme managed to reach the boat floating on a piece of timber from the ship’s load and a third survivor, Noake, also made the boat. Along with the lifeboat rescue crew, 25-year-old William Ferrier rowed his small dingy through the heavy seas and managed to rescue the Captain, whom he landed on the breakwater. Ferrier then returned to the ship to attempt a final rescue, losing his oars and rowlocks into the high sea. Using just a spare paddle he skulled towards the La Bella, reaching her stern in time to cut loose the lone surviving sailor, Payne, from the lashing that held him to the ship; the terrified sailor dropped from the ship and into the dingy. Shortly after the last man was rescued, the La Bella was lifted by a huge wave and crashed back down on the reef; she broke up and sank. The ordeal had lasted ten hours. The survivors were taken to the nearby Bay View Hotel and gratefully received warm food and clothing, medical attention and a place to sleep. In the following days, an unidentified body of a young person had washed ashore; it was either Watson or Denham. The body was buried in the Warrnambool cemetery with an appropriate gravestone and inscription. William Ferrier became a national hero as news of the daring rescue spread. In recognition of his bravery in the two daring rescues, he was awarded the Silver Medal for Bravery by the Royal Humane Society and was honoured in the letter from the Prime Minister and the Parliament of the Commonwealth, telegrams and a cheque for £20 from the Governor-General, over £150 subscribed by the public, including Warrnambool and district and readers of The Argus, and a gold medal from the Glenelg Dinghy Club of South Australia. Ferrier’s rescue efforts are one of the most heroic in Victoria’s shipwreck history. (William Ferrier’s son, Frank, received a similar award almost fifty years later when he helped rescue four members of the crew on the yacht Merlan after it ran on to a reef near the Point Lonsdale Lighthouse. ) The wreck of La Bella now lies on her port side in 13 metres of sheltered water inside the reef she struck. The bow section is relatively intact and part of the stern has drifted north-easterly towards the mouth of the Hopkins River. The reef the La Bella struck now bears its name. Those five rescued from the La Bella were Captain George Mylius, Leonard Robertson (2nd Mate, 21 years old), R. Payne, Oscar Rosenholme and Jack Noake. Those seven who lost their lives were Mr Coulson (1st mate), Charles Jackman (cook) Gustave Johnson, Pierre Johann and Robert Gent (all able seamen), Harry Watson (ordinary seaman) and Jack Denham (ship’s boy), Captain Mylius was found guilty of careless navigation; he had sailed into the bay without the services of a pilot. His Master Certificate was suspended for twelve months. Later he was also charged with manslaughter of one of the crew who had died when the La Bella was wrecked but found not guilty. The event’s adverse publicity and damage to his career took a toll on his health and he died of a heart attack six months after the wreck; he was only thirty-seven. His body was buried in the Melbourne General Cemetery. The La Bella was “the best documented of all sailing ships owned in New Zealand”. Her record books, ship logs, correspondence and supporting papers are still available. At the time of the tragedy, she was owned by Messers David C.Turnbull and Co. of Timaru, New Zealand timber merchants and shipping agents, who had purchased her on 13th December 1901. A detailed account of the last journey of La Bella can be read in “Leonard Robertson, the Whangaroa & La Bella” written by Jack Churchouse, published in 1982 by Millwood Press Ltd, Wellington, NZ. As well as this postcard, Flagstaff Hill’s La Bella Collection includes a photograph of the wrecked La Bella, a brass rail holder and the letter from the Prime Minister and other Members of Parliament that was sent to William Ferrier to commend him for his bravery. Some 15 – 17 ships are believed to have sunk in Lady Bay, but only two have been discovered on the seafloor; the “La Bella” and the “Edinburgh Castle”. Both wrecks are popular diving sites and are preserved as significant historical marine and marine archaeological sites. This postcard is part of the La Bella Collection and is significant at both a local and state level. Its connection to the La Bella shipwreck and the rescue of five survivors highlights the dangers of Victoria’s Shipwreck Coast. The photograph of William Ferrier and four of the five survivors demonstrates the bravery of ordinary Australians who risked their lives to save victims of shipwrecks along the coast. The postcard is significant to the history of Warrnambool as it portrays William Ferrier, a local fisherman whose descendants continue to live in the area. It highlights the way of life of people who lived in coastal towns in 19th century Victoria and the effects of shipwrecks upon them. The postcard connects to the congratulatory letter which was sent to William Ferrier by the Prime Minister and Government of Australia and demonstrates the importance they attached to his efforts for Victoria and to Australia. The postcard is also an example of the photography of Foyle Photographers who were in the town of Warrnambool from the late 1800’s. Charles and Lillian Foyle took over the business when their father James died in 1905. Lillian Foyle is significant as the first woman photographer in Warrnambool. It is not known whether Charles of Lillian took this photograph. This postcard is significant because of its association with the sailing ship “La Bella”. The “La Bella” is of local and state and national significance. It is one of the only two shipwrecks discovered in Lady Bay, Warrnambool, out of the 15-17 shipwrecks in the bay. Sepia photograph of William (Bill) Ferrier (seated in the middle), heroic rescuer of two crew members of the La Bella, wrecked at Warrnambool. The photograph is a postcard and shows five men dressed formally in suits and hats. Printed below the photograph are the name and place of the photographer, a royal crest and the details of two patrons of the photographer. Also below the photograph are some handwritten words in black pen. On the back of the postcard is a handwritten message in the same writing as the front.Printed on the front of the card is “Foyle, WARRNAMBOOL” “PATRONS: / HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CORNWALL & YORK. / HIS EXCELLENCY LORD BRAS_ EY, R.O.B.” Handwritten on the front of the card is “Bill Ferrier / rescuer / Oh my hero _ _ _ “ Handwritten on the back of the card is a message. “La Bella” Wrecked off W.Bool Breakwater Nov. 1906 (_ _ _ _ show night) Payne Noake Rosenholme Robertson and Capt Mylius (saved) (moonlight bright) Watson (_ _ _ _ boy) Richwoud [possibly Richmond] drowned” and signed “Desdewoua [possibly Desdemona] Slogos”la bella, foyle, william ferrier, bill ferrier, lady bay, 1905, 10th november 1905, 11th november 1905, parliament of the commonwealth, royal humane society medal, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village

Appreciation of Service received from Montmorency-Eltham Returned Services LeagueCertificate given to Montmorency-Eltham Returned Services League for commitment and support given to the Australian Army's Victoria Wing, Warrant Officer and Non-Commissioned Officer Academy.Cream paper with gold and black writing with Australian army emblem at the top and Chief of Army stamped in red in bottom left hand corner. It is signed by GA Van der Walt Major Officer Commanding Victoria Wing Warrant Officer and Non-Commissioned Officer Academy. Dated 24 November 2014ga van der walt

Records Department Glenelg Shire CouncilWith compliments ephemera Henty plough and painting, signed by A.C. Pearse, (donor of plough). Made from light card, there is a picture of the Henty plough in the top right hand corner of ephemera. Main picture below has two men, one holding the plough being pulled by cows, and the other holding a shepherds crook.Hand written copied message in black writing 'Souvenir of the old Henty Plow. This Old Plow was brought out from Scotland by Edward Henty and turned the first sod of Victorian soil at Portland in the year 1834. With the Compliments of HUDSONS STORES PTY. LTD. 655 BOURKE STREET, MELBOURNE'. Blue ink signature located at the lower middle part 'A.C. Pearse'. The word 'Director' hand written in black next to the signature.henty plough

The "nib" pen was the preferred scribe method up until the "fountain" pen was produced (1940's), both could use specific inks that had longer life periods on paper surfaces. Ink wells such as those incorporated in this desk set allowed the user to select the colour and "type of ink" required. The nib pen was the only writing pen that could tolerate "Iron gall" ink. Legal documents were at the start of the mid 1980's required by law(in Australia) to be signed by "well" filled pens. The inks used were either "indian" or "iron/oak gall" because their infusion into paper could not be erased and they had a longer "paper" life and were harder to forge. Bottled ink was superior to that supplied in fountain pens or "biro pens" because the user's choice to a greater range of inks covered a variety of scenarios. Forging a nib signature is extremely hard compared to that of a "biro pen" because a nib settles in to the users particular style of pen movement and arm pressure.This desk writing set was typical of those used by administrators, businesses or quasi legal sectors within the Kiewa Valley, before the lifting of the ban on the use of biros "to sign" legal documents. Fountain pens were used extensively before cheaper biros (throw away) writing implements (1940's) came into the market place.This glass ink well desk set has two circular ink wells connected to their respective nib holders. The nib holders are smaller circular receptacles and feed off the larger ink reservoirs. Between the two larger ink wells is a shallow bottomed elongated "oval" sphere able to contain "slide on" clips, two pronged fasteners (require a hole to be punched in papers) or small "bulldog" clips. At the front edge is an elongated and grooved (two) place for writing nibs. The grooves keep each nib or fountain pen separated.The glass structure is made from clear glass and only the outside "boxed" walls of the desk set make contact with the desk surface. The ink wells can also securely accommodate small bottles of ink. This would have been the case for refillable fountain pens.stationery, fountain pens, nib pens, ink receptors, glass ink wells

Bottled Phenyle cleaner was used throughout the 1900's in domestic kitchens, toilets and other "clean, germ free" environments. Some of these environments would encompass dairying milk handling rooms and hospital kitchens and ablution areas. It is a product which has resulted in the poisoning of some unwitting users (newspaper accounts of a woman in 1928 who drank some phenyle mistakenly for wine and died). The reliance of effective poisonous cleaning products in kitchens, especially in the 1900's was and is still a very hazardous element that the "most pivotal place in a house" contains. In the era when this particular bottle was used (1920's) the main means where consumed around the kitchen table, and this was especially so in rural areas. Keeping this area "germ" free was a mandatory requirement.This bottle is significant to the Kiewa Valley because this area was mostly rural with "out houses" and milk collection areas that required that "extra attention" of sanitation. Rural areas also where more prone to have the kitchen area as a general meeting place for the family before dinner and other meals. Sanitation was of greater importance in rural areas, due to the greater distances to hospitals and doctors if contamination occurred. City homes at this time frame had lounge rooms for the daily get together of the family unit. This was an era before the television and computer age fragmented and isolated family members from one another. This was a time that family members grouped together in the kitchen to find out "the latest news".This amber glass, diamond shaped bottle with cork stopper once contained Phenyle. Phenyle is a highly poisonous liquid. The amber opaque glass was used and not a clear glass to highlight it's content. It has a cork stopper at the top of a slender neck. All the glass embossed writing is highlighted by a string of crosses. The cross was used to enforce a visual danger sign.On one side "THIS BOTTLE IS THE PROPERTY OF" and in large print underneath "KITCHEN'S" and below this and underlined "POISONOUS". On the next side "NOT TO BE TAKEN" and next side in very large print and surrounded by a border "PHENYLE" with crosses enclosing it. On the bottom of a "blank side is "REGd. No. 2140" On the base is M 959 and Mkitchen cleaners, food preparation area, ablutions

This refillable ink bottle was extensively in use in the early 1900's, firstly with the nib pen and then with the fountain pen. Both these pens required to be refreshed with ink as they had no long term self storage capacity. The requirement, before the 1970's, for all legal documents, wills and heath certificates etc. forms had to be signed with penned ink and not biro(1950's onward). This caveat was to prevent forgeries (signatures) from ocurring. Hand writing experts can clearly distinguish forgeries because by using nibs, the "natural" and distinctive hand inflections whilst forming the signiture cannot be replicated by forgers.This item is significant to the Kiewa Valley because it details that even in the rural sector,(Kiewa Valley) the legal requirements of the day had to be adhered to. This was even at a time when in the rural areas a "man's word and handshake" was his bond", especially between neighbours or others in a small rural region. This however was not the case for Government Departments , banks and the hospital. To highlight certain words or paragraphs due to their importance, the red ink application was not only highly visible but also less likely to be tampered withThis is a clear thick glass bottle with shoulders tapering up to the neck. The red stain on the cork stopper indicates that the bottle contained red ink.On one side is embossed "ANGUS & C0" and on the base "J 32" and below this "M" (the manufacturer's mark)dip pen ink, ink bottle, writing methods, nib.

This refillable ink bottle was extensively in use in the early 1900's, firstly with the nib pen and then with the fountain pen. Both these pens required to be refreshed with ink as they had no long term self storage capacity. The requirement, before the 1970's, for all legal documents, wills and heath certificates etc. forms had to be signed with penned ink and not biro(1950's onward). This caveat was to prevent forgeries (signatures) from ocurring. Hand writing experts can clearly distinguish forgeries because by using nibs, the "natural" and distinctive hand inflections whilst forming the signiture cannot be replicated by forgers.This item is significant to the Kiewa Valley because it details that even in the rural sector,(Kiewa Valley) the legal requirements of the day had to be adhered to. This was even at a time when in the rural areas a "man's word and handshake" was his bond", especially between neighbours or others in a small rural region. This however was not the case for Government Departments , banks and the hospital. To highlight certain words or paragraphs due to their importance, the red ink application was not only highly visible but also less likely to be tampered withThis empty bottle is cylindrical with curved "shoulders" tapering to a neck the size of a 20c coin. It has a white screw on lid bearing the name SWAN triple filtered INK. There is a paper label on the side of the bottle.SWAN TRIPLE FILTERED INK. 'SWAN' INK PERMANENT BLUE BLACK MABIE TODD & CO (AUST) PTY LTD SYDNEY CONTENTS 1 1/2 FLUID OZS.dip pen ink, ink bottle, writing methods, nib.