The Ordnance QF 25-pounder was the major British field gun and howitzer during the Second World War. Many Commonwealth countries used them during WW2 and Australia produced the guns at General Motors Holden. They were renowned for their rapid rate of fire and when firing at maximum range (12,253m -13,400yds) one gun could have up to 5 shells in the air at once. In North Africa during WW2, they were sometimes called upon to act as anti-tank guns. A shortened and lightened version of the gun was made in Australia and used in jungle operations.Steel conical projectile25 PR MK 1 L35 ME 11/54

B/W Photo The Reefs Hotel and Assembly Hall Pleasant Creek with Bullock team in front. 1858 -1861 Three windlasses over mineshafts can be seen, two on the left and one in front of the assembly hall. Some horse driven Whims can be seen in the background above the Assembly Hall. This hotel was built right among the mines in upper Main Street. The first licence was held by William Pond in 1858. Robert Young in 1859 and John Steele in 1861. It had a short life as only rates were paid in 1862.Earliest known photograph of the Reefs Pleasant Creek.Several buildings in mining area with trees in background, one building labelled The Reefs Hotel. Spoil heaps in foreground with other mining activities and with bullock team and cart. Man can be seen standing on slab hut roof at centre and woman in street. stawell, hotel

Soldier's Pay book issued to John Strobel Green VX32816. Born at Wonthaggi on the 19/4/1913. These books were usually carried by the soldiers in their battle dress breast pocket. They note personal details, rate of pay and promotions, and the place in which the soldier was paid each fortnight – effectively plotting soldiers' movements in the Army. From the pay book GREEN enlisted in June 1940, trained at Puckapunyal before embarking overseas in February 1941 for the Middle East. His mother who resided in West Yallourn was his next of kin.Brown cloth covered booklet with black writing and crest in the middle of the cover.Army No. VX32816. Pay Book No: 119988. Surname: Green. Christian Names: John Strobel. Unit: . Australian Military Forces. Soldier's Pay Book.world war 2, soldier's pay book, army pay book, john strobel green, vx32816

Yellow covered community information booklet for Ringwood residents covering Council Representatives' and Service Organisations' contact details, Major Works, Planning (Ringwood Business Centre), Recreation, Litter, Rubbish Tip, Construction of Private Streets (Greenway/Dickasons Road Group), Health and Community Services, Municipal Elections, Rates, Dog Registrations, Overhanging Foliage, Building By-laws, Vandalism, House Numbering, Fire Hazards, Council Finances, and other points of general interest. and local services, sporting, and cultural facilities. Includes two City of Ringwood Free Tipping Vouchers valid until the end of 1978.Mayor's Message - Cr. Lawrie Lawrenson.rinx

The origin of the fusee is not known. Many sources credit clockmaker Jacob Zech of Prague with inventing it around 1525. The earliest dated fusee clock was made by Zech in 1525, but the fusee appeared earlier, with the first spring-driven clocks in the 15th century. The idea probably did not originate with clockmakers, since the earliest known example is in a crossbow windlass shown in a 1405 military manuscript. Drawings from the 15th century by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leonardo da Vinci also show fusee mechanisms. The earliest existing clock with a fusee, also the earliest spring-powered clock, is the Burgunderuhr (Burgundy clock), a chamber clock whose iconography suggests that it was made for Phillipe the Good, Duke of Burgundy about 1430. Springs were first employed to power clocks in the 15th century, to make them smaller and portable.[1][5] These early spring-driven clocks were much less accurate than weight-driven clocks. Unlike a weight on a cord, which exerts a constant force to turn the clock's wheels, the force a spring exerts diminishes as the spring unwinds. The primitive verge and foliot timekeeping mechanism, used in all early clocks, was sensitive to changes in drive force. So early spring-driven clocks slowed down over their running period as the mainspring unwound. This problem is called lack of isochronism. Two solutions to this problem appeared with the first spring-driven clocks; the stack freed and the fusee. The stack freed, a crude cam compensator, added a lot of friction and was abandoned after less than a century. The fusee was a much more lasting idea. As the movement ran, the tapering shape of the fusee pulley continuously changed the mechanical advantage of the pull from the mainspring, compensating for the diminishing spring force. Clockmakers empirically discovered the correct shape for the fusee, which is not a simple cone but a hyperboloid. The first fusees were long and slender, but later ones have a squatter compact shape. Fusees became the standard method of getting constant force from a mainspring, used in most spring-wound clocks, and watches when they appeared in the 17th century. Around 1726 John Harrison added the maintaining power spring to the fusee to keep marine chronometers running during winding, and this was generally adopted. The fusee was a good mainspring compensator, but it was also expensive, difficult to adjust, and had other disadvantages: It was bulky and tall and made pocket watches unfashionably thick. If the mainspring broke and had to be replaced, a frequent occurrence with early mainsprings, the fusee had to be readjusted to the new spring. If the fusee chain broke, the force of the mainspring sent the end whipping about the inside of the clock, causing damage. The invention of the pendulum and the balance spring in the mid-17th century made clocks and watches much more isochronous, by making the timekeeping element a harmonic oscillator, with a natural "beat" resistant to change. The pendulum clock with an anchor escapement, invented in 1670, was sufficiently independent of drive force so that only a few had fusees. In pocketwatches, the verge escapement, which required a fusee, was gradually replaced by escapements which were less sensitive to changes in mainspring force: the cylinder and later the lever escapement. In 1760, Jean-Antoine Lépine dispensed with the fusee, inventing a going barrel to power the watch gear train directly. This contained a very long mainspring, of which only a few turns were used to power the watch. Accordingly, only a part of the mainspring's 'torque curve' was used, where the torque was approximately constant. In the 1780s, pursuing thinner watches, French watchmakers adopted the going barrel with the cylinder escapement. By 1850, the Swiss and American watchmaking industries employed the going barrel exclusively, aided by new methods of adjusting the balance spring so that it was isochronous. England continued to make the bulkier full plate fusee watches until about 1900. They were inexpensive models sold to the lower classes and were derisively called "turnips". After this, the only remaining use for the fusee was in marine chronometers, where the highest precision was needed, and bulk was less of a disadvantage until they became obsolete in the 1970s. Item is an example of clock mechanisms used until 1910 for many different styles of clocks and went out of fashion in the 1970s due to improvements in clock and watch making.Brass fusse clock movement, It has very heavy brass plates and wheels, high-count machined pinions, and a fusee. The mounting of the pendulum is missing and It has a recoil escapement. A fusee is a conical pulley driven through a chain by the spring barrel. As the spring runs down, the chain acts at a larger and larger radius on the conical pulley, equalising the driving torque. This keeps the rate of the clock more even over the whole run. It has motion work to drive an hour hand as well as a minute hand and the centre arbor is extended behind the back plate to drive some other mechanism.Inscription scratched on back"AM 40" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, clock mechanism, fusee mechanism, horology

''The Beginnings of Local Government in Sandhurst 1855-1856'' (- author Marianne Diedrich). Mention of Angus Mackay, Robert Ross Haverfield, James Forrester Sullivan, Edward Nucella Emmett,George Washington Haycock, H. Neale, D M Donegal, Shadrach Jones, W L Harris ('Yanky Sam'), John Harney, E. Bissell, Alfred England, Mr Hopkins, George Avery Fletcher, Mr Pitman (Solicitor), John Roach, Cr. Haycock, Detail of early function of meetings, rates, public meeting. Author claims the 1856 council to be 'tenacious' and laid foundations for improvements. Includes reference.Marianne Diedrichbendigo, council, city of sandhurst, george avery fletcher, mr pitman, john roach, cr. haycock, mr hopkins, angus mackay, robert ross haverfield, d. bissell, alfred england, shadrack jones, james forrester sullivan, d. m. donegal, w. l. harris, edward emmett.

Hand drawn plan of mine, showing spurs, slate, lava. Christmas Reef shaft and Great Western shaft drawn. Notations in pencil. On left hand side 'Memo: the shaft of the Christmas Reef Co is about 5 chains north of Great Western Cos shaft. The strata and surface pitch north, assumed at same rate. The working of Allingham and Moore's Trib Co are taken from their reports in Bendigo Advertiser May 1872 to May 1873. Jas Down Mgr' Scale on plan 20 ft to 1 inch Legend shows sandstone, slate and quartz.Bendigo Advertiserbendigo, mining, christmas reef gold mining

Original Act of Parliament document (17th Sept.1656) passed during time Oliver Cromwell was Lord Protector of the republic then known as the Commonwealth of England. The Act relates to 'PERSONS WHO LIVE AT HIGH RATES AND HAVE NO ESTATE, PROFESSION OR CALLING'. One section of the Act prohibits (as of August 1, 1657) gambling on games, including tennis. The punishment indicated for doing so is to forfeit to the goverment double the amount of money won. Also framed beside the closed Act document are three reproductions of the pages within it. Materials: Ink, Paper, Cardboard, Wood, Glass, Metal, Adhesive labeltennis

A faded square grey coloured Silvan Fruit Processors Zions' Hours and Wages Record Book bound with red tape on the stapled spine. The cover has the title, the business who used it stamped at the top as well as a full list of other publications and place of printing and publishing details. At the top of the front cover is written in blue biro, the dates of records - from Dec 1960 to Jan 1963. Inside are full column listings of Names, Hours Worked Daily, Total Hours, Rate,Total earnings, Tax Deductions, Net Payment and a Signature or Other Particulars column.non-fictionAn Hours and Wages Record Book for the Silvan Fruit Processors business in the Wandin area, Victoria. wages books, business records, books, wages tables, wages calculators, wages

Bob (Herman) Hymans (a former member of the Royal Netherlands Navy) was born in Bloemendaal, Holland on 30th September 1922. During World War II he fought against the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was imprisoned in Changi and on the Burma Railway. After gaining qualifications as a Ski Instructor, Bob arrived in Falls Creek in July 1950. Working as an Instructor and Supervisor at Bogong Lodge, Bob decided his future was in accommodation. He was successful in negotiating an indenture for land from the State Electricity Commission (SEC). It took Bob two years to build his Grand Coeur Chalet but, tragically, it was burned down in August 1961. Bob also built the first Chairlift in Australia. This was a single chairlift and the structure was built from wooden electricity poles. He was constantly full of new ideas and proposals for the village. Bob Hymans died on 7th July 2007. This Collection of documents and letters tells the story of Bob's endeavours to develop Falls Creek into the ski village it is today.This item is significant because it documents actions taken by the Falls Creek Tourist Area Management Committee in their role overseeing the Tourist Area.The financial review conducted by a representative of the SEC has recommended the implementation of property rates for the coming year and information regarding this levy were included. Though several applicants were received there was no successful submission for the establishment of a hotel. An advisory committee has determined that any future development is dependant on augmentation of the sewerage and water systems. The Village T-Bar was very popular during the season but the need for improvement of the slopes was noted. Finally, an expression of thanks from the outgoing Committee to Mr. Jack Andrew for the excellent work he had done as Manager to maintain Falls Creek as the foremost ski resorts in the country.falls creek tourist area management committee, falls creek administration, bob hymans

Set of two foolscap notices regarding fares, travel cards, concession cards, day trippers, and general information. .1 - Blue foolscap sheet - titled "For your Information", for fares changes from 16/9/1979, gives details of fares and prepaid tickets in books of 20, also vintage tram trips, tram and bus charter rates, maps, timetables and contact details. .2 - pink foolscap sheet - titled "Information Guide for passengers:, as above, applicable from 3/8/1980, has details on section savers, day trippers, metro cards, etc.trams, tramways, notices and information, mmtb, fares, tickets, charters, information

Tender document - MMTB - 7 sheets - some pre-printed and some typed with hand written notes titled "Supply and Delivery of Blue Stone Screenings and 1.5 inch metal", for Contract No. 107. Stapled along the left hand side. Only the first page and the schedule of Prices have been scanned. Has the Conditions of tendering, contract etc. \ Total material to be tendered for was 4050 tons, to be delivered to either Burley, Hawthorn, Camberwell, Tooronga or Malvern railway sidings at the rate of a total 345 tons per week. Authorised by S. Dix, 12/1/1921.trams, tramways, ballast, tenders, trackwork, track repairs

Photocopy of a 10 page document titled "Policy Statement - Australian Tramway & Motor Omnibus Employees' Association - Victorian Branch - In Relation to Changed Ticketing and Operational Methods for Melbourne Trams". Records the union's opposition to the agreement attached to the document on the first page. Pages 2 to 10 provide the agreement between the PTC and the ATMOEA. On page 8 of the agreement has the space for the signatures of the Transport Minister, Labour Minister, PTC Chief Executive, Secretary of the Victorian Trades Hall, and for the ATMOEA. On the last page, provides the award rates. Dated 2/2/1990, follows the tram blockade.trams, tramways, employees, ptc, wages, personnel, tram blockade, strike, unions

Wongala Glen won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 22 December 1966, followed by Bon Adios and Tara Monarch. Wongala Glen owned by Mr WA McKenzie, was trained and driven by WA McKenzie. Two colour photographs, one small one large in a white frame. At the top: Bendigo Trotting Club 22-12-66/ Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2600 metres/ Mile rate 2.9-2/5 / Greg Matthews Photo Centre: Wongala Glen (Lord Kara - Spring Queen) / Bon Adios 2nd / Tara Monarch 3rd Right corner: Owned by- Mr WA McKenzie/ Trained and driven by - WA McKenziebendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1966, wongala glen, wa mckenzie, bon adios, tara monarch, bill mckenzie

Glamour Chief won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 21 January 1975, followed by Yallara and Go Van. Glamour Chief owned by M Robinson, WR Lanyon, B & C Hill, was trained and driven by RA Robinson. Glamour Chief raced from 1970 (2yo) through to 1976 (8yo). Career: 29 wins 9 seconds 4 thirds 59 starts. Refer to Identifier 15.127 (Media) for Full Career Performance Record. Two colour photographs, one small one large in a white frame. At the top: Bendigo Trotting Club 21-1-75/ Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2615 metres/ Mile rate 2.6.2/5 / Greg Matthews Photo Centre: Glamour Chief (Chief Rainbow - Dainmont) / Yallara 2nd / Go Van 3rd Right corner: Owned by- M Robinson, WR Lanyon, B & C Hill/ Trained and driven by - RA Robinsonbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1975, glamour chief, ra robinson, m robinson, wr lanyon, b & c hill, yallara, go van, rex robinson

Unique Hanover won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 16 January 1973, followed by Murray Mac and Stanfield Globe. Unique Hanover owned by Mr KJ Muir, was trained by KJ Muir, driven by S Walsh. Unique Hanover raced from 1971 (3yo) through to 1975 (7yo). Career: 17 wins 10 seconds 10 thirds 81 starts.Two colour photographs, one small one large in a white frame. At the top: Bendigo Trotting Club 16-1-73/ Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2600 metres/ Mile rate 2.10 / Greg Matthews Photo Centre: Unique Hanover (Smokey Hanover - Unique Ayr) / Murray Mac 2nd / Stanfield Globe 3rd Right corner: Owned by- Mr KJ Muir/ Trained by KJ Muir/ Driven by - S Walshbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1973, unique hanover, kj muir, s walsh, murray mac, stanfield globe, stan walsh, kevin muir

Popular Alm won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 12 January 1982, followed by William Boyd and Master Kane. Popular Alm owned by Sun Group, was trained and driven by RV Knight. Popular Alm raced from 1979 (2yo) through to 1985 (8yo). Career: 49 wins 7 seconds 3 thirds 62 starts. Refer to Identifier 15.24 (Media) for Full Career Performance Record.Two colour photographs, one small one large in a brown frame. At the top: Bendigo Trotting Club 12-1-82/ Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2700 metres/ Mile rate 2.06-1/5 / Greg Matthews Photo - Stawell Centre: Popular Alm (Sovereign Adios - Direct Design) / William Boyd 2nd / Master Kane 3rd Right corner: Owned by- Sun Group/ Trained and driven by - RV Knightbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1982, popular alm, rv knight, sun group, william boyd, master kane, bob knight, vj knight, vin knight

Copper Way won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 11 January 1983, followed by Doubter and Thor Lobell. Copper Way owned by Mr KM Madden, was trained and driven by TE Demmler. Copper Way raced from 1980 (3yo) through to 1984 (7yo). Career: 25 wins 18 seconds 1 third 65 starts.Two colour photographs, one small one large in a brown frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 11-1-83/ Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2300 metres/ Mile rate 2.02-2/5 / Greg Matthews Photo - Stawell Centre: Copper Way (Hilarious Way - Unreal Flight) / Doubter 2nd / Thor Lobell 3rd Right corner: Owned by- Mr KM Madden/ Trained and driven by - TE Demmlerbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1983, copper way, te demmler, mr km madden, doubter, thor lobell, ted demmler, t demmler

Women’s magazines during WWII played a “reflecting role,” meaning they cooperated with government agendas while still including topics of readers’ interests Women’s employment rate skyrocketed during WWII. However, even though the number of women working outside the home grew rapidly most of them were still engaged entirely in homemaking. Therefore women’s magazines centered mostly on the stresses and shortages of wartime. Articles as well as advertisements presented information on “product rationing, tips on keeping the family healthy, guidelines for thrifty shopping and advice on how to look good through it all.This is an example of an English women's magazine published during WW11.It gives practical advice on needlework / knitting and evidences the widespread interest in contemporary fashion. In doing so it shows what were the fashionable, but broadly affordable, women's and children's clothing styles of their day. These magazines also reflect women's interests.A 64 pp magazine, titled Woman and Home and Good Needlework Magazine. The front cover has a a coloured picture of a man in a uniform and woman sitting at a round table drinking tea and photographs of knitted jumpers, the patterns of which are inside the magazine.Handwritten on front cover in pencil -Mehlert

Women’s magazines just after WWII played a “reflecting role,” meaning they cooperated with government agendas while still including topics of readers’ interests Women’s employment rate had skyrocketed during WWII. However, even though the number of women working outside the home grew rapidly most of them were still engaged entirely in homemaking. Therefore women’s magazines centered mostly on the stresses and shortages of wartime. Articles as well as advertisements presented information on “product rationing, tips on keeping the family healthy, guidelines for thrifty shopping and advice on how to look good through it all.This is an example of an English women's magazine published post WW11.It gives practical advice on needlework / knitting and evidences the widespread interest in contemporary fashion. In doing so it shows what were the fashionable, but broadly affordable, women's and children's clothing styles of their day. These magazines also reflect women's interests.A 64 pp magazine, titled Woman and Home and Good Needlework Magazine. On the front cover is a coloured drawing of a fashionably dressed and made-up woman with red hair and holding a bunch of similarly coloured flowers (gerberas?) At the bottom left are knitted baby clothes - pattern inside - as well as a man and woman wearing fashionable clothing - suggesting patterns are inside the magazine. The magazine cost 1/6 and is dated October 1951.magazine-woman-and-home

These are two administrative record books from the Warrnambool Town Council which took over from the Warrnambool Borough Council in 1883 and existed until 1918 when it became the Warrnambool City Council. .1 Warrnambool Town Council letter book dating from 1904 to 1918 containing copies of letters written by the Rate Collector, Thomas Beattie .2 Warrnambool Town Council Contract Book dating from 1902 to 1909. The contract details include the name of the supplier or tradesman and the costs. Some of the contracts deal with the Corporation Baths, the Botanic Gardens and town tree planting. These record books are of historic interest as they include many projects in Warrnambool and the names of local people from early in the 20th centuryThese are two administrative record books from the Town of Warrnambool Council. .1 Letter Book with a blue cover and a pasted label and a brown leather spine and leather edging on the corners. The pages include an alphabetical index at the front of the book. .2 Ledger with a dark green cover and leather binding on the spine and the edges of the cover. The spine has red and brown leather labelsTown Of Warrnambool Contract Bookwarrnambool town council, thomas beattie warrnambool rate collector

Ratepayer information pamphlet issued by Eltham Shire Council. Gives details on shire boundaries and bushfire area, basic history, Councillors by Riding, meetings,office hours. Also information on the 1962 bushfires that raged throughout half the shire, 14-16 January 1962; local laws regarding dogs; Rates, Works Programme, Shire Offices and Town Planning The 1962 bushfire took two lives and caused damage to property approaching £1 million. Approximately 180 habitable dwellings were destroyed, hundreds of miles of fencing were burnt and thousands of acres of pasture lost.Colour bifold printed double sided (4 pages) councillors, dogs, eltham shire council, eltham shire office, infrastructure, rates, ridings, shire boundaries, shire of eltham, town planning, victorian bushfires - 1962, works programme

From the 1970's onward the relative isolation of regional areas was improving in "leaps and bounds". Social amenities, and life styles were changing at a great rate. Items such as this camera (recreational/life style/non professional) capture of the altering socio economic balance of rural based activities provided the catalyst for greater appreciation by city dwellers to the benefits of rural life. The greater levels of communicative avenues, especially the visual (photography, pictures, television and the internet), from the beginning of this period and throughout the time frame (1970 to the 2000s) has cut the major restraints of what was rural "isolationism".The significance of this type of camera, being a small two lens (normal, telescopic) and portable piece of equipment, allowed non professional tourists, locals or visitors to visually display the uniqueness of the Kiewa Valley and Alpine regions. This method of promotional and intimate visual reproduction of not only physical but also through personal involvement, of the photographer to the audience, a greater psychological impact, by the nature of intimacy involved. This type of photography is one of the most effective stimuli to promote the unique qualities of the Kiewa Valley region.This Item is dual lens (22mm,44mm) camera comprising of an elongated oblong shape, black hard plastic shell. It has a slightly rough surface(for a better fingers grip), two latches are located at the back, one to release the camera from its hinged protective cover and one to move to the next picture frame (film is within a cartridge).On swing cover "Kodak Tele 1 " on back in small print "MADE IN USA" On camera body "KODAK TELE EKTRA 1" underneath "CAMERA" and on slide switch(front) to change lenses:"Tele" and "Norm" kodak two lens camera, photographic hobby usa made camera

Paperback Background is dark green with sepia photo in bronze coloured frame. Precis on back cover is printed in white lettering. 132 pages.non-fictionBiography of early Warrnambool settler, John Hyland.warrnambool, john hyland, james nicholas, warrnambool mayors

For many years the Heywood Cheese Factory was an important part of life for Heywood and district farming and a vital place of employment for up to 40 men and 10 women. The factory opened in 1939 as a subsidiary of the Portland Butter Factory before becoming a world renowned cheese making enterprise. It was felt important to document its history from the surviving factory workers, including dairy suppliers and milk truck drivers. We hear their stories of the long hours and hard work without penalty rates, travelling unsealed roads and mixed with their humour of the bygone days is an important acknowledgement of that era. [blurb on back cover]This oral history provides significant material relating to the dairy industry in south west Victoria during the mid 20th century. The interviews give first-hand recollections of the interviewees involvement in the industry from a point of view of factory workers, milk pick-up drivers and farmers.Full colour DVD cover has photograph of Heywood Cheese factory and photographs of girls with calves, milk cans on a truck and workers in the cheese room, superimposed on a photograph of dairy cows grazing in a paddock. The DVD has the photograph of the cows grazing in the paddock.Heywood Cheese/An oral history on film (front) For many years Heywood Cheese Factory was ... [see historical information] Edited by Garry Kerr for the Heywood Pioneer Wagon Shed/ Museum History Group who wish to gratefully acknowledge the/ support of the Victorian Government and Public Records Office/ Victoria for making this project possible. Duration: 70 minutesallansford, heywood, cheese factories, cheese manufacturing, dairying, cheese