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Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist, 1950's
Medicines were sold by chemists locally or in larger cities when visited on a shopping expedition. The shape of bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it. Bottles were re cycled remaining the property of the manufacturer. History of S.C. Johnson & Son Pty. Ltd.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, use and embossing Aesthetic: display showing embossing and shape.Clear round brown glass bottle with straight sides three quarters of the way up tapering to a short neck and cork screw opening. Embossed '3' near the bottom and heavy embossing on base in print with capital letters.Side: near base: '3' Base: Around half of the circumference: 'This bottle is the property of' Base: Across the centre: 'S.C.Johnson / & Son Pty Ltd / Sydney'chemist, medicine, s.c. johnson & sons pty ltd., brown glass bottle -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist, 1920's
Perfume, lavender water and bath salts were sold by chemists either locally of in larger cities visited on a shopping expedition. The shape of the bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, embossing, use Aesthetic: Display showing shape and size of bottleClear glass bottle with rectangular base and straight sides nearly three quarters of the way up tapering in 3 waves to a ridged neck and then a screw top. Visually but inside the glass at the base seems to be indented showing a lopsided hill bearing to one side.Base: '12' within an oval shape chemist, perfume, lavendar water, bath salts, glass bottle -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist, 1930's - 1940's
Medicine came in bottles bought at the local chemist or at a large city chemist on a shopping expedition. The shape and contents changed as did the stopper used to seal it. History of Bonnington's Irish Moss.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, embossing, use. Aesthetic: Display showing embossing and shape Small clear brown glass bottle used for medicine. Rectangular shape with heavy embossing at the front. Narrower sides taper to the lip at the opening. Also has a lip around the opening.On front side: 'Bonnington's / Irish Moss / Coughs & Colds' chemist, medicine, glass bottle, bonnington's, irish moss, coughs, colds -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist
Bottles were bought locally or at larger cities on a shopping expedition. The shape of bottles changed. Bottles were re cycled remaining the property of the manufacturer. History of Clinton Williams Pty Ltd.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, embossing, use. Aesthetic: Display showing embossing and shapeClear brown bottle with straight sides three quarters of the way up tapering to the opening screw top. The base is rectangular. The front is embossed horizontally.Front: 'This bottle / Always Remains / the Property of / Clinton Williams / Pty Ltd.'glass bottle, clinton williams pty ltd -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist
Bottles were bought locally or in larger city stores on a shopping expedition.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, size and use. Aesthetic: Display showing shape, colour and sizeSmall round brown opaque glass bottle with straight sides and sealed by a rusty screw top lid. Embossing on the base.Base: Common seal at top 'A' with 'G' and 'M' inside the A and across the middle 'G 764' and underneath 'M'brown glass bottle, metal screw top lid -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist
Bottles were bought locally or in larger city stores on a shopping expedition.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, size and use. Aesthetic: Display showing shape, colour, sizeSmall oval brown opaque glass bottle with straight sides , a shoulder and a screw top lid. Embossing on the base is illegible.brown glass bottle -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist, 1930's - 1940's
Medicine came in bottles bought at the local chemist or at a large city chemist on a shopping expedition. The shape and contents changed as did the stopper used to seal it. History of Bonnington's & Irish Moss.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, embossing and use. Aesthetic: Display showing embossing and shape. Small clear brown glass bottle used for medicine. Rectangular shaped with heavy embossing at front. Narrower sides taper to lip at opening. Also has lip around the opening.Front side: 'Bonnington's / Irish Moss / Coughs & Colds'glass bottle, chemist, medicine, irish moss, bonnington's, coughs, colds -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist
Medicine came in bottles bought at the local chemist or at a large city chemist on a shopping expedition. The shape and contents changed as did the stopper used to seal it. History of Bonnington's and Irish MossHistorical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, embossing and use Aesthetic: Display showing embossing and shapeSmall clear brown glass bottle used for medicine. Rectangular shape with heavy embossing at the front. Narrower sides taper to the lip at the opening. It has a very rusted-on screw lid which is metal.Front side: 'Bonnington's / Irish Moss / Coughs & Colds'glass bottle, bonnington's, medicine, chemist, irish moss, coughs, colds -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist
This bottle was bought at a chemist shop either locally or at a bigger city on a shopping expedition. The lattice pattern was used for poisonous contents. It was sealed with a cork.Historical: Bottles changed in size, seal and use. Aesthetic: Display showing embossing, shape and size of the bottleRound, amber bottle with small neck and sealed with a broken cork. Heavily embossed with lattice design covering one side of the bottle above which and at the shoulder of the bottle is embossed print in capital letters. On the back at the shoulder of the bottle is embossed 'poison'. Front: 'Not To Be Taken" Back: "Poison" Base: "L 670" above "M' in the middle and "A" with 'G' and 'M' inside the "A" (common seal) underneathamber glass bottle, chemist, poison -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Chemist
This bottle was bought at a chemist either locally or in a large city on a shopping expedition. The embossing pattern indicates that the contents are poisonous. Bottles changed - shape, size, seal, use and embossingHistorical: Change in bottles - colour of glass, embossing, shape, size and use Aesthetic: Display showing embossing, shape, size, sealOpaque brown glass bottle with 6 sides. The front is wide, the 2 end sides and back side are short with the 2 adjoining longer sides coming out at 45 degrees. The sides at 45 degrees have heavy embossing of rows of crosses and the back side has heavily embossed print in capital letters read sideways from the top of the bottle to the bottom. The sides taper quickly to a short neck and then opening. The bottle has a brown screw top lid with embossed sides. The bottle is empty. A label has been sticky taped onto the front.Back: "Not to be Taken" Base: 'F 1158' and '856' along the edge Label: "Caution / Not to be Taken / Gentian Violet Solution / 2 % / For external Use - Onlyopaque brown glass bottle, chemist, poison, medicine, irregular hexagonal bottle -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Document - Community Accord
Demonstration of co-operation between Shires in the North East of Victoria including Rural City of Wangaratta, Benalla Rural City, Alpine Shire, Mansfield Shire and Indigo Shire.Laminated on the front cardboard - pale yellow with black 'italic' print. Signed by representatives of 5 shires in the north east of Victoriacommunity accord, north east victorian shires -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Document - Shire of Bright Proclamation
Dated the 2nd July 1989. Proclamation for a 'sister' relationship of co-operation between the two communities. In 1989, shires and cities in Australia including the Alpine Shire were keen to develop partnerships between the communities to establish closer ties for exchange eg. the youth. A2 plastic sheet with two parts. On the left green title and logo written in English. On the right orange title and logo and written in German.Signed by Councillor Brian Goss and similarly his German counterpart. shire of bright proclamation -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Booklets - Women's Handiwork
Women sewed the family's clothes as they had limited opportunity to travel to towns where clothing shops were available. These booklets enabled them to add interest to their sewing. Many women living in the Kiewa Valley had limited opportunity to travel to the cities to buy clothes.x2 Tip-Top Transfers and x1 The Dainty Smocking Book. The Tip-Top transfer books include 'Book 3 Sprays' and 'Book 16 Florals' and have 6 transfer pages in each book.They are cream with brown print on the front & back covers. The Dainty Smocking Book by Rosina Forl has 16 pages. It is also 9d.and is a pale grey/blue with pale pink print. It gives instructions for different stitches and designs.smocking, transfers for clothing -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Gas Light x2
Lighting was by gas before electricity was installed in houses. Before the 1800s most homes, workplaces and streets were lit by candles or oil lamps.The cities had gas before the country areas.Gas lighting was available in the Kiewa Valley before electricity was installed.Early 20th century. Gas light used indoors and made of copper tubing, brass, and bakelite.gas lights, home lighting -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Casio Cash Register
Cash Tray underneath. ElectricUsed in the Kiewa ValleyCasio / AC 240V 5060Hz 27W / Model CE- 2104 / Serial No. 4412296 Casio CE-2108 DTC / Machine Sales - Service - hire / Daro Twin / City Pty Ltd / Office machines & supplies / 490 McCauley St Albury 2640 -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Sewing Patterns - ladies
Dressmakers used patterns to make clothes. Companies included 'Simplicity, Butterick and Vogue etc. The packet would contain transparent paper shapes with printed lines and instructions. These were pinned onto the material, cut, then sewn together as per the lines and the included instructions.In the 1950s and 1960s women sewed the clothes for the family. In the Kiewa Valley dress shops were not available and a journey to the bigger cities was less frequent than it is today.Coloured pictures showing the finished garment. Patterns were in sizes. eg. size 10 1. Fashion - lady's dress 2. x3 Simplicity - lady's clothes 3. x3 Butterick lady's clothesdressmaker, simplicity butterick, ladies fashion -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Badge Brass - Mt Beauty Higher Elementary School
Schools of this era were very proud of their identity. This was particularly so in country based ones. Schools in isolated or semi-isolated regions provided social cohesion and pride and community involvement that was not so inherent in schools located in larger cities. The exception here being the Greater Public Schools.Mt Beauty formal secondary education commenced in 1950 with the creation of central classes, with an enrolment of 35 pupils at the Mt Beauty Primary School to serve the children of employees on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and other people of the district. The Mt Beauty HES was proclaimed on 25th May 1958. In 1962 Mt Beauty High School was proclaimed with 213 pupils. ref. Vision & Realisation Pages 1036-1037. This badge was worn by a local girl.Mt Beauty Higher Elementary School badge made from brass. The front is coloured enamel depicting a scene of sky, mountains, grass and river. On the top it has 'H.E.S.' and on the bottom 'Mount Beauty'. The outside edges are decorated with gold colored ferns. See also KVHS 0371mt beauty higher elementary school, school badge, brass badge -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
VHS Video - Kiewa, Kiewa Compile, Date compiled 25th Nov. 1998
The construction and development of the Kiewa Hydro scheme showing its construction and the people in work and play during its duration. It also shows the development of Mt Beauty and Bogong townships. The films were used as News Reels, Tourist Information and Entertainment.This item provids a snap shot in time (1990) when the Kiewa Valley was still relatively under populated and holiday houses owned by city bound workers was still relatively insignificant. As more and more holiday makers retire to a small but friendly region(Kiewa Valley and Mount Beauty) the increase in visitor numbers will affect the local rural bush scene more and more. The changes that will occur (in time) can be measured against the scenes presented in this video. The additional resources provided by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria of "alpine bush" fire control and management, together with an ongoing educational scheme for school children in learning about what constitutes the Alpine country's unique environment, are a very important offshoot, benefitting to both the communities within the Kiewa Valley and regional Victoria.This VHS tape is stored within its own plastic cover which has a front side Titled "KIEWA in the MAKING". The VHS tape is nestled within a formed inner structure which not only prevents the tape from moving to and fro but also unnecessary intrusion of foreign particles. Titled "Kiewa Compile" with 4 short films titled 1. Kiewa in the Making 2. Kiewa Capers 3. It only seems like yesterday 4. Kiewa.kiewa, hydro electricity, state electricity commission of victoria, construction towns, 1940s 1960s, mt beauty, bogong, falls creek, clover power station, mckay power station, bill sutton, news film, construction workers, early machinery -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pillow Sham, circa 1900
This Item is one of four bedroom items hand made in circa 1900 by Amalihe Pierin. Her Son brought the item when he emigrated to Australia and members of the family still reside in the Kiewa Valley. Historically this item represents the requirement by families to manufacture a whole range of bedroom coverings due to the lack of professionally manufactured goods. Isolation from big towns or cities required local seamstress activities and therefore closer social bonding was a necessity. Although this item was transported from Italy to Australia by the son of Amalihine Pierin the significance still remains the sameLinen (white) cut work and hand embroidered central floral scene with decorative cut work above, leaf shapes 2cm border with triangular hand stitching tatting embroidery, handcrafts, bedroom linen, trimmings, cut work -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pillow Sham
This Item is one of four bedroom items hand made in circa 1900 by Amalihe Pierin. Her Son brought the item when he emigrated to Australia and members of the family still reside in the Kiewa Valley. Historically this item represents the requirement by families to manufacture a whole range of bedroom coverings due to the lack of professionally manufactured goods. Isolation from big towns or cities required local seamstress activities and therefore closer social bonding was a necessity. Although this item was transported from Italy to Australia by the son of Amalihine Pierin the significance still remains the sameLinen (white) cut work and embroidered central floral scene with decorative cut work above leaf shapes 2cm border with triangular hand stitching attine.embroidery, handcrafts, bedroom linen, trimmings, cut work -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bed Runner, circa 1900
This Item is one of four bedroom items hand made in circa 1900 by Amalihe Pierin. Her Son brought the item when he emigrated to Australia and members of the family still reside in the Kiewa Valley. Historically this item represents the requirement by families to manufacture a whole range of bedroom coverings due to the lack of professionally manufactured goods. Isolation from big towns or cities required local seamstress activities and therefore closer social bonding was a necessity. Although this item was transported from Italy to Australia by the son of Amalihine Pierin the significance still remains the samelinen white cut work and embroidered central oval shape with matching floral design at either end with leaf leaf shapes above 2cm border with triangular stitching tattine embroidery, handcrafts, bedroom linen, trimmings, cut work -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Table Runner Dressing
This Item is one of four bedroom items hand made in circa 1900 by Amalihe Pierin. Her Son brought the item when he emigrated to Australia and members of the family still reside in the Kiewa Valley. Historically this item represents the requirement by families to manufacture a whole range of bedroom coverings due to the lack of professionally manufactured goods. Isolation from big towns or cities required local seamstress activities and therefore closer social bonding was a necessity. Although this item was transported from Italy to Australia by the son of Amalihine Pierin the significance still remains the sameLinen (white) cut work and embroidered central design tatting diamond shape with embroidered scrolls either side cut work leaves top and bottom L shaped tatting inner border with triangular tatting 2cm outer bordered hole patternembroidery, handcrafts, bedroom linen, trimmings, cut work -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Certificate Prize - Bogong School, Australian Natives Association, 1944
Historical document detailing the significance of beautification and pride taken by all who worked and studied at Bogong School 4590This item represents a period in school and social development when the community covered the beautification of school facilities without State involvement. A period in time when public resources could only cover city and larger townships Buff coloured cardboard certificateThis is to certify that the Bogong School 4590 was awarded a water colour as the A.N.A. prize for the most improved school gardening and grounds in the Beechworth Inspectorial District for 1944 signed J. Parker General Secretarybogong school 4590, gardening awards, beechworth inspectorial -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Badge Brass - Mt Beauty High School, circa 1970
Schools of this era were very proud of their identity. This was particularly so in country based ones. Schools in isolated or semi isolated regions provided social cohesion and pride and community involvement that was not so inherent in schools located in larger cities. The exception here being the Greater Public Schools. This badge was worn by a local girl, who has the spirit shown by many pupils from the Mount Beauty High School that the identity of belonging to a Kiewa Valley High School is a treasured part of life for them in this regional area. Mount Beauty High School badge made of brass. The front is coloured enamel depicting a scene of sky, mountains, grass and river. It is surrounded on four sides by the words Excelsior, Mount Beauty, High, School. The outside edges are decorated with gold colored fernsExcelsior, School, Mount Beauty, High On flip side K. G. Luke Melb.school badge, hat, lapel badge, high school memorabilia, brass badge -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Table Runner, circa 1920s to 1950s
Historically this item highlights the middle to upper to middle socio economic levels of a rural community in the 1920s to 1950s. The fashion dictated to by the larger cities and towns were for some smaller items of house hold furniture encompassed by homes in the region, not only because of practicality but also for longevity of the item it protected.The significance of this item in showing that although the region was to a small degree isolated from the "latest" fashion of house hold dressage, it was to a certain degree not regional and that the fashion of the day in large cities and towns was instilled through magazines and Country Women,s organisations.Fine cotton table runner. Middle section has a 2cm wide crochet insert around it with another border of cotton around it 2cm wide. All the item is edged with a 7cm wide crochet band.hand craft, furniture dressing, lace, crochet, cotton furniture proctective coverings -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photograph Tournapull, Tournapull C Scraper/Single Bucket, circa 1950
The machinery in this photo shows a Tournapull C earth moving machine, one of many during this period Circa 1950 - 1960s when hydro electricity powered turbines were being constructed in both the Victoria and New South Wales Alps. This was Australia's answer to a non polluting supply of electricity for a fast growing city population. It was at this time that air pollution from coal powered furnaces was becoming more and more under attack by health authorities.This item is part of a visual account of the construction of dams and hydro electricity facilities during the early 1950s. It was the beginning of the environmental push not to allow the degrading of Australian Alpine regions. Air pollution of the major cities and the increase in power demands of both industries and population within them required an alternative pollution free alternative electricity supply. These for runners of Hydro electricity generators required both large supplies of machinery and human resources. This construction phase within the region brought not only tradesmen but also unskilled workers to an area which had mainly had farming and mining activities. It was the catalyst for the creation of the smaller towns/villages e.g. Bogong Village, Mount Beauty and Bright.Black and white photograph on Kodak Xtralite II paper.(gloss)paper marking on back Kodak Xtralite II papermining, hydro electricity, victorian alps, construction camps, earth moving machines, secv -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photograph Junction Dam, Photo Junction Dam and Bogong Village in Background, circa 1950s
This item clearly shows the conditions covering both working conditions and housing in the construction of the Junction Dam in the 1940s. Working conditions were extreme and health and safety legislation was at its infancy. The residential buildings were intended to last only for the period of construction, however greater demand for longevity as a tourist haven prevailedThis photo of the construction of the Junction Dam, with The Bogong village as backdrop, details the harsh conditions faced by construction workers, building dams and villages to accommodate workers in the 1940s to the 1950s. Australia at this period in time, experienced a surge of population (influx of World War II refugees), which was the catalyst for developing and undergoing an enormous hydroelectricity program for the Alpine regions, both in Victoria and New South Wales. This program was initiated to supply electricity to the major southern Australian cities of Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. It was thought that these developments would reduce, if not eliminate, the requirement for coal driven power stations. However time has demonstrated that these power stations have not matched the demand required by the industries and the populations of the major urban and cities.Black and white photo of original photo with a flashlight reflection in the bottom centre. The photo is on Kodak XtraLife II paper. The paper is semi gloss.This photo is of the construction of the Junction Dam Wall with the Bogong Townshiip in the background.Back of photo is printed " Kodak XtraLite II paperdam construction, bogong village, alpine development, junction dam -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Camera Tele Ektra, Circa 1970s to 1980s
From the 1970's onward the relative isolation of regional areas was improving in "leaps and bounds". Social amenities, and life styles were changing at a great rate. Items such as this camera (recreational/life style/non professional) capture of the altering socio economic balance of rural based activities provided the catalyst for greater appreciation by city dwellers to the benefits of rural life. The greater levels of communicative avenues, especially the visual (photography, pictures, television and the internet), from the beginning of this period and throughout the time frame (1970 to the 2000s) has cut the major restraints of what was rural "isolationism".The significance of this type of camera, being a small two lens (normal, telescopic) and portable piece of equipment, allowed non professional tourists, locals or visitors to visually display the uniqueness of the Kiewa Valley and Alpine regions. This method of promotional and intimate visual reproduction of not only physical but also through personal involvement, of the photographer to the audience, a greater psychological impact, by the nature of intimacy involved. This type of photography is one of the most effective stimuli to promote the unique qualities of the Kiewa Valley region.This Item is dual lens (22mm,44mm) camera comprising of an elongated oblong shape, black hard plastic shell. It has a slightly rough surface(for a better fingers grip), two latches are located at the back, one to release the camera from its hinged protective cover and one to move to the next picture frame (film is within a cartridge).On swing cover "Kodak Tele 1 " on back in small print "MADE IN USA" On camera body "KODAK TELE EKTRA 1" underneath "CAMERA" and on slide switch(front) to change lenses:"Tele" and "Norm" kodak two lens camera, photographic hobby usa made camera -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Book - Reference Chemistry, Elements of Chemistry, first printed 1887 this item 1921
This item is a good example of a pre 1960's school science reference books. It contains sketches of experimental apparatus and not colored photographs of later text books. Although the sketches are very instructional they do not show the various colours obtained when mixing some compounds. The history of reprints demonstrates the quality of the information and the ease of study for students using this book. The era of this publication was a time when sources for knowledge in schools was restricted to mainly school books and teacher demonstrations. The student in the 2 Millennium has a far greater reference source available e.g. the internet. This book is significant to the Kiewa Valley as the Davies family (Tas Davies, penned on the first page), belong to the early settlers of the valley. The book acknowledges that although the region was relatively isolated up to the mid 1900s, the good teaching methods of local schools did not suffer in this rural area. This region was not in the backwaters of scholarly development and modern progressive thought. As with "school of the air" distances in rural areas, between centres of learning and recipients, became irrelevant provided that the social stimulant to learn exists. The "local school" mind set within rural areas was, even before the improvement of the communication "explosion" of the early 1900s followed by the internet facilities of the late 1900s, the greatest drive in cutting the anomalies between city and rural learning facilities. Government decentralising higher education facilities into regional centres (Wodonga - Albury) provided greater access for the learned mind.This item (book) has a faded red colour, hard cover with black print and rectangular design. Within this design is an encircled double "M" and "&" (in the left inverted V of the M) and a "Co" (in the right inverted V of the M). On the front cover "MACMILLAN'S SCHOOL CLASS BOOKS CHEMISTRY" and on the spine "ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY" underneath "REMSEN" and at the bottom"MACMILLAN & Co"school, chemistry, text books, science experiments -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Typewriter Mechanical Portable, 1950s
The Olivetti company was founded in Italy in 1908.This particular typewriter is a Olivetti Lettera 22, oblique front stroke and portable manufactured after 1950. The 1950s and 1960s was a time when British manufactured goods were still purchased by many Australian consumers. The later 1960s onwards, there was a shift, mainly in the cities, to European made goods. The invasion of Japanese manufactured goods was relatively slower, especially in rural areas. The demand for long lasted and dependable merchandise was in the rural area still the most important criteria. The ease of setting up this typewriter and its compact mobility was its major benefit to trades people and travelling professionals, e.g. rural doctors, other medical professionals, accountants, lawyers and educators. This item facilitated the growing numbers of professional nomads requiring a relatively light office stationery package e.g. travelling novelist, writer, businessman and academics. This typewriter needed no electrical or battery power to operate it. Outback Australia, where at this point in time, was still relatively isolated from a good available electrical power reticulation and battery power, and therefore could not be totally measured as a highly efficient office environment.Although this typewriter was purchased from a business in Penrith, Sydney, N.S.W., it is significant that it travelled easily to the Kiewa Valley, demonstrating the mobility of certain sections of the community. This typewriter was designed by an Italian industrial designer, Marcello Nizzoli, in line with the art deco style of the 1930s and the colour and flexibility of the vibrant 1950s. The underlying theme of manufacturing in the 1950s was to produce equipment that was more efficient than what was inherited from the earlier period of 20th century. Improvements were made to this Olivetti typewriter by Giuseppe Beccio by reducing the number of parts made from 3,000 to 2,000. This reduction of parts and therefore cost of production was the major principle of the Japanese manufacturing juggernauts of the post World War II era. Efficiency and low costs material was becoming prime factors in the success of rural industries from the 1960s. Competition from overseas producers was starting to affect rural industries and the removal of the large range of tariff protection, especially rural products, required not only a shift of farm management but a more efficient cost savings modus operandi. This Olivetti Lettera 22, oblique front stroke portable (weighs 4kg) mechanical typewriter has a coral coloured plastic casing. The keys are made of black hardened plastic with white lettering, numbers and symbols (imperial fractions, and pound). It has a QWERTY keyboard as opposed to the Italian QZERTY. It has a lever to move the ribbon between black, neutral (for mimeograph stencils)and red colours (a red key is provided for highlighting specific words,letters or symbols) . This machine is fitted with only a black ribbon. It has a black rubber paper rollers and chromed metal parts on the carriage way. It has four rubber feet underneath the main body. On the left side of the roller there is a lever to adjust the roller from fixed (when mobile) through 1,2 and 3 line space gradients. This model has a key for zero but not one for the number one (uppercase letter l is used) see KVHS 0459 for the carrying bag.On the cover over the ribbon wheels letter strikers has a plate marked "Lettera 22" and the back plate behind the paper roller and in front of the paper supports has a silver metal label marked "olivetti made in great britain".commercial, mobile office equipment, mechanical typewriter