The lightstation was connected by telephone to Cann River in 1928. The lighthouse retains ablack Bakelite telephone attached to the lantern room wall on timber box mount. It has a crank handle with instructions for its use on the crank dial, and a coiled handset cord, which probably dates the phone to just after 1949 when coiled examples like these began to replace fabric covered smooth cords. An image in 1991 shows the phone in the lower level of the lantern room It is one of four telephones at the lightstsation; with two others attached to walls in the assistant keepers’ quarters, and one in the head keeper’s quarters. The four phones formed an intercom system that facilitated communication between the lightstation buildings. Three telephones of the same wall-mounted, crank dial type remain at Gabo Island Lightstation; four remain at Cape Otway and five older examples remain at Cape Nelson Lightstation As fixtures attached to the wall, the four telephones are considered to be part of the building fabric and therefore included in the existing Victorian Heritage Register listing for the lightstation (VHR 1983).As fixtures attached to the wall, the four telephones are considered to be part of the building fabric and therefore included in the existing VHR listing for the lightstation (VHR 1983).Four telephones with a crank handle mounted on a wooden base, one is fixed to the wall of the lantern room and is black bakelite. Yes

A small number of heavy cast iron weights and two rods remain at the Point Hicks Lightstation. These weights comprise one rod with a forked top and four circular weights attached to the bottom of the shaft. The weights and rods were part of the original clockwork mechanism that was fitted beneath the lens to keep the kerosene‐fuelled light turning. They were attached to a cable or chains and moved vertically in similar fashion to the way weights move on grandfather clocks. As the weight fell, the optic clock was driven and the lens was turned. To keep the clock turning, the weight needed to be wound back up to the top of its travel. The cables and weights in this lighthouse were visible as they moved through the length of the tower up to the lantern room. It was usual for systems to move inside a tube extending up to the top, but in this case the tower’s cast iron spiral staircase, which is supported on cantilever cast iron brackets set into the concrete wall, spiralled around the space in which they moved. Lighthouse keepers had the arduous job of having to constantly wind the clock to keep the light active, and at least two keepers needed to observe a strict roster of hours. When electric motors were invented, all of this became redundant and the motors were able to turn the optic for as long as there was power to drive them. In December 1964, the original 1890 Chance Bros kerosene‐fuelled light and clockwork mechanism were replaced by small electric motor, and the number of keepers reduced to two. The six circular weights and rods originate from the obsolete system and may have been part of a larger set. Wilsons Promontory retains seven of its original set of ten weights, all of which are detached from the tower’s weight tube. Cape Schanck has a set of fourteen weights remaining in situ as well as another four detached weights, which have inscriptions. One weight is displayed in the lantern room at Cape Otway. The image shows four of the clockwork weights attached to a rod with a forked top. They were part of the original clockwork mechanism that was fitted beneath the lens to keep the kerosene‐fuelled light turning. The Aldis lamp in its case sits on the floor next to the weights. Source: Parks Victoria.The Point Hicks weights have first level contributory significance for the insights they provide into the superseded technology and operations of a late nineteenth century lighthouse. They are well provenanced and are significant for their historic value as part of the lightstation’s Chance Brothers optical system installed in 1890. Four circular metal weights are stored on a metal rod with a forked section at the top. The weights have a cut out section which allows the weights to be removed easily.

A small number of heavy cast iron weights and two rods remain at the Point Hicks. The weights and rods were part of the original clockwork mechanism that was fitted beneath the lens to keep the kerosene-fuelled light turning. They were attached to a cable or chains and moved vertically in similar fashion to the way weights move on grandfather clocks. As the weight fell, the optic clock was driven and the lens was turned. To keep the clock turning, the weight needed to be wound back up to the top of its travel. The cables and weights in this lighthouse were visible as they moved through the length of the tower up to the lantern room. It was usual for systems to move inside a tube extending up to the top, but in this case the tower’s cast iron spiral staircase, which is supported on cantilever cast iron brackets set into the concrete wall, spiralled around the space in which they moved. Lighthouse keepers had the arduous job of having to constantly wind the clock to keep the light active, and at least two keepers needed to observe a strict roster of hours. When electric motors were invented, all of this became redundant and the motors were able to turn the optic for as long as there was power to drive them. In December 1964, the original 1890 Chance Bros kerosene-fuelled light and clockwork mechanism were replaced by small electric motor, and the number of keepers reduced to two. The six circular weights and rods originate from the obsolete system and may have been part of a larger set. Wilsons Promontory retains seven of its original set of ten weights, all of which are detached from the tower’s weight tube. Cape Schanck has a set of fourteen weights remaining in situ as well as another four detached weights, which have inscriptions . One weight is displayed in the lantern room at Cape Otway. The Point Hicks weights have first level contributory significance for the insights they provide into the superseded technology and operations of a late nineteenth century lighthouse. They are well provenanced and are significant for their historic value as part of the lightstation’s Chance Brothers optical system installed in 1890.PHLS0005.1 Round cast iron weight with flat base used for lens clock-work mechanism attached to a bent metal rod. PHLS0005.2 Removable round cast iron weight with flat base used for lens clock-work mechanism stored above the other weight.

The heavy cast iron, round lid was originally fastened into a large, riveted metal box, known as a ship tank. It has the name ‘John Bellamy London’ cast in capitals in a continuous circle on the outer edge of the lid face, and the words ‘Byng St Millwall’ on the inner circle. , of Millwall, London, manufactured boilers and ship tanks from the 1860s to the 1930s and came from a family of tank makers who began manufacturing tanks some time before 1856. Ship tanks were invented in 1808 by notable engineer, Richard Trevithick and his associate John Dickinson. Their patent obtained the same year described the tank’s superior cubic shape that allowed it to fit squarely as a container in vessels and thus use space efficiently, while its metal fabric preserved and secured its liquid or solid contents from damage. The containers revolutionised the movement of goods by ship and made wooden casks redundant. Research by Michael Pearson has determined that they were carried on passages to Australia from at least the 1830s conveying ships’ victuals and water storage, as well as general goods heading for the colonies. Pearson found photographic evidence of their use in the 1860s, and by the 1870s they appeared to be in common use. lids surviving from containers indicate that nearly all the tanks transported to Australia came from London manufacturers. It was usual for the brand name to also feature as a stencil on the tank but in most cases this eventually wore off. A tank without its original stencil survives at Wilsons Promontory. Tanks transporting ‘drinking water or perishable dry goods were hermetically sealed by the use of the tightly fitting lid with a rubber sealing ring ‘which was screwed tight with the aid of lugs cast into the lid and wedges cast into the rim of the loading hole’. The raised iron rod welded across the outer face of many lids such as the Bellamy example, allowed for screwing the lid tight. Once in the colonies, the ship tanks were often recycled and adapted for many resourceful uses such as packing cases, dog kennels, water tanks, oil containers and food stores and this invariably led to the separation of the lid and tank. The Bellamy lid could have been salvaged from a shipwreck but is more likely to have to have originated from a recycled tank that was brought to the lightstation for water storage purposes. Pearson writes that: Ship tanks show up at a wide range of sites, many of them isolated like lighthouses. They were, I think, usually taken there for the purposes they filled, usually water storage, as they were readily available, relatively light to transport, and probably very cheap to buy as second-hand goods containers. In rural areas they may have been scavenged for their new uses from local stores, to whom goods were delivered in them. Parks Victoria has identified five tank lids in the lightstation collections covered by this project. In addition to the Bellamy lid at Point Hicks, they include a Bow brand lid at Point Hicks and another at Cape Otway, unidentified lids at Cape Otway and Wilsons Promontory. Pearson and Miles Lewis have each recorded two versions of the Bellamy trade name on the lids; one being ‘John Bellamy Byng St. London’; the other, ‘John Bellamy Byng St. Millwall London’. The Point Hicks lid has the second version of the name, as do other examples in Victoria that Lewis has identified at Illawarra, Toorak; Warrock homestead, Casterton; Eeyeuk homestead, Terang; Ward’s Mill, Kyneton; and Boisdale homestead near Maffra, and in NSW at Ayrdale Park, Wolumla; and Bishop’s Lodge, Hay. Pearson’s list includes the same lids in NSW at Tumbarumba; the Quarantine Station, Sydney; Willandra Station; Bedervale, Braidwood; Gunnedah Museum; Walla Walla and Macquarie Island. The Point Hicks lid is currently stored in the lighthouse although it is unlikely that its use had any association with this building. The lid is in good condition and retains the central bung. Pearson notes that ‘surviving lids are far less numerous than the tanks themselves, presumably because the uses to which the tanks were put did not require the lid to be retained’.347 The Bellamy ship tank lid has first level contributory significance for its historic values. Circular cast-iron disc with raised outer ridge with inscription. It also has an inner depression with inscription. Two metal sections form handles over inner depression. Hole in middle of disc.Around perimeter of outer edge "JOHN BELLAMY LONDON" Around inner area "BYNG ST MILLWALL"

This portable, hand held visual signalling lamp was used for optical communication via Morse code. It comprises the metal encased Aldis lamp with electrical cord and its associated green-painted, hinged wooden carrying case, which has a metal clasp and leather hand grip. Larger versions of these lamps are fixed on ships or pedestals and have shutters on the front that are opened and closed to transmit signals. Smaller hand held versions like the Point Hicks example have a concave mirror that is tilted to focus the light into pulse signals via a trigger. The lamps were pioneered by the British navy in the late nineteenth century and continue to be used to the present day.317 Details on the Point Hicks lamp include a serial number and other information. Another Aldis lamp and case remaining at Cape Nelson Lightstation dates to 1960 and has the initials of the Department of Transport, which at that time incorporated the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service. Wilsons Promontory also has an Aldis lamp and case that dates from around the same year. A lamp formerly at Cape Schanck has disappeared. The Aldis lamp and associated case at Point Hicks has first level contributory significance for its historic values and provenance to the lightstation. PHLS0007.1 Hand held signal light. Painted metal trigger with attached black electrical leads with battery terminals at end. Inscriptions on metal of lantern. PHLS0007.2 Hinged lid, wooden box painted army green to house signal light. Metal plate with inscription on front of box.PHLS0007.1 "D^D / LANTERN PORTABLE SIGNALLING / ADMIRALITY No 5110D / SERIAL No 5482 YEAR 943 / AMALGAMATED WIRELESS / A ASA LTD / 9792-100" •PHLS0007.2 "20 K4 transporting lantern / admirality pattern no 91108"

The two hand-held, portable kerosene lamps each have green enamel caps over the glass. They were used from around the 1930s until 1993, and one is now located on the groundfloor level of the lighthouse and the other is in the assistant lightkeeper’s quarters. The brand name of the Point Hicks lamp, while not stated is probably Coleman, Tilley or Austramax, which were all similarly made, portable pressurised kerosene lamps. Coleman brand pressure lamps and lanterns were first made in about 1905 by American, William Coleman, and their English competitor was the firm, Tilley. The Australian company Austramax began manufacturing kerosene pressure lamps in Brunswick in 1946, making the bases and the workings by hand, turning out 1000s of lamps each week. Portable lamps were used worldwide where bright light was needed and they became essential as an emergency back-up source of light for the lightstation as well as the lantern room. Through the multiplication of light by the lighthouse lenses, they could provide a tower with a 26 nautical mile range. Lamps similar to the two Point Hicks examples can be found at Gabo Island, one of which is a green enamelled Austramax lamp; Cape Nelson (Austramax), and similar lamps are held at Cape Schanck and Cape Otway. The two Point Hicks lamps have first level contributory significance for their historic value and provenance, and as representative examples of lamps that were widely used in Australian lightstations between the 1930s and 1960s.PHLS0008.1 & PHLS0008.2 Pressurised kerosene lamp, cover over glass is made of green enamelled metal.

Was the stand for a Chance Brothers air & oil containers fitted with pump handle & pressure gauges.This type of installation was once common and relied on the lightkeeper having to pressurise the cylinders manually at regular intervals throughout the hours of darkness. The oil was fed under pressure to the burner mantle. It is all that remains of an air and kerosene oil tank installation, with each rounded side formerly supporting a heavy iron tank. The containers would have been fitted with a pump handle and pressure gauges. An intact assemblage is displayed in the AMSA offices, Canberra with a text that explains ‘This type of installation was once common and relied on the lightkeeper having to pressurise the cylinders manually at regular intervals throughout the hours of darkness’.The system involved vaporising kerosene under pressure and mixing it with air and then burning the vapour to heat an incandescent mantle. The use of kerosene as a fuel to light the lantern became the most common system of illumination from the 1860s after the oil industry in the United States began to develop. The kerosene vapour burner was created in 1901 by British inventor Arthur Kitson (1859-1937) and perfected by Chance Bros for burning a more intense light in their renowned lenses. The lamp had to be watched throughout the night in case a mantle broke, and the tanks needed to be maintained by hand-pumping each hour or so. The Point Hicks lantern was initially lit by a six-wick Trinity house kerosene burner. This was replaced by the more efficient and brighter 55mm vaporised kerosene mantle burner in 1905, and the tank stand is probably original to this apparatus. Electricity eventually replaced kerosene at Point Hicks in 1964 making the tank installation obsolete, and the last kerosene system in an Australian lighthouse was replaced in 1985. Gabo Island Lightstation has a pair of tanks that are not attached to the optical system and are no longer in the lighthouse. They are also missing the pressure gauges that were formerly attached to the top of each cylinder. An intact tank assemblage is displayed at the Cape Schanck Lighthouse Museum it is detached and not original to the lighthouse. Although corroded, the remnant Point Hicks tank stand has first level contributory importance to the lightstation. It is significant for its provenance and historical value as part of the Chance Bros vaporised kerosene burner introduced in 1905 to intensify the light and improve the efficiency of the system. The rusted iron stand rests on four short legs and is shaped like a pair of spectacles.

Used to communicate with ships from Point Hicks Lightstation. In Greek mythology, "Stentor" was a herald on the Greek side during the Trojan War. His name has given rise to the adjective "stentorian", meaning loud-voiced, for which he was famous. Homer said his "voice was as powerful as fifty voices of other men." He died after his defeat by Hermes in a shouting contest. See the Iliad, V. The large funnel-shaped device is nearly 750mm (30 inches) in length and is made of re coated cardboard that is riveted together. It has a metal mouth-piece at the narrow end and a metal edge at the wide end, and a metal handle. The maker’s information inside indicates that it is a ‘Stentor Megaphone’ patented on 4 April 1899 by a company in Boston. Stentor brand megaphones were manufactured by Merriman Brothers, a firm established in Boston in 1898 specializing in hardware for yachts. Merriman Bros. Manufacturers. 139 Border St. East Boston, Mass. Their equipment, which included pulley blocks, winches and fittings, was well-known worldwide before the company closed in about 1995. However, their ‘main business was not blocks and winches’…‘it was Merriman megaphones, including the familiar cheerleader megaphones’. They came in different sizes, one of which was employed by the United States Navy because of its scientifically proven horn angle of 22 degrees’. Their patent for the device, dated April 4, 1899, specified details such as the ‘rivets, metal mouthpiece, and adjacent parts’,and an undated pamphlet promoting the Stentor Megaphone emphasizes its ‘highly finished’ appearance ‘with nickel mouthpiece, rim and other fittings’. It also pronounces ‘the carrying power of a Megaphone is astonishing. Even under adverse conditions, it magnifies the power of the voice many times. For listening to distant sounds, it is also of great assistance’. Various sizes were designed for particular uses, and the pamphlet advises that the 30 inch no.2 model, which cost US $2.50, ‘makes it easy to talk half-a-mile and shout a mile’. An advertisement also stresses that it has ‘no iron parts’, making it ideal for marine situations.The Penobscot Marine Museum, Searsport, Maine, United States, has the same or similar model of megaphone in its collection, and the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village Museum, Warrnambool, Victoria, has a galvanised metal ‘Acme Stentor’ megaphone. The Point Hicks Stentor Megaphone has first level contributory significance for its provenance and historic value, and also as a relatively rare item of equipment once used worldwide in marine situations, such as lightstations, as demonstrated by this example in a Victorian lightstation.One large funnel shaped megaphone made of coated cardboard riveted together. Has a metal handle and metal rims at each end. Dark reddish brown colour."No 2 / THE / STENTOR MEGAPHONE / PATENTED APRIL 4TH 1899 / .../ MAKERS / .OSTON. MASS"

The Minimax conical fire extinguishers were manufactured until 1960 and then removed from the company’s product range. The earliest model had been produced with a simple handle made of folded pressed metal that is similar if not the same as that on the Point Hicks extinguisher. Later handles were moulded and had more substance to the way they were cut and then folded to form a solid grip. The Point Hicks Minimax extinguisher is an early model that probably dates from the years when these devices were demonstrated across parts of Australia. While numerous examples of the extinguishers survive in public and private collections in northern hemisphere countries, few appear to exist in Australian museum collections. However, the auction house records confirm that some do survive in private collections. The Point Hicks extinguisher was found by lighthouse keepers in 1974 buried in the sand in a flattened but surprisingly intact condition. It was beaten back into its original shape but the body still retains various dents. In 2010, AMSA located the extinguisher at the National Trust’s Polly Woodside historic ship museum and it is now at the Point Hicks Lightstation. The Minimax conical extinguisher has first level contributory significance as a historic item of early fire-fighting equipment from the lightstation that dates from the early twentieth century.Conical shaped brass fire extinguisher painted red with small nozzle at one end and a pump section at the other end. There is a handle on one side with closely spaced rivets down one side. Brass plaque with instructions attached to the body. There ia a square hook to hang the object form a wall or similar." ...ANKS ... / QUENCH.../ FOR FIRE / DRIVE IN PLUNGER / AT BIG END / ...ON GROUND /..../..../..."

The two identical bookcases probably date to the 1960s-70s period and retain their original light wood finish. They contain two adjustable shelves as well as the base shelf and stand on four legs braced by a stretcher extending across the front and around the sides. The bracing and the angled slightly curved front legs, which do not align with corners of the cabinet, produce the appearance of a box resting on a separate frame. These modern style bookshelves are examples of the low-cost furnishings that the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service (CLS) introduced to Australian lightstations in the post-war years. Most notably, it commissioned a number of light, compact and functional items in bulk from émigré designer, Steven Kalmar (1909-1989), who played a significant role in popularising modernist design concepts in Australia and drew his ideas from Scandinavian and American design trends. Born in Hungary, he trained as an architect and his contemporary affordable furnishings were especially suitable for the open-plan houses being built in Australia’s new post-war suburbs. It is not known whether the bookcases bear the Kalmar label, but the design, particularly the legs and bar bracing, is a signature style of his Sydney-based firm, Kalmar Interiors. The CLS supplied the same bookshelves to a number of other lightstations, including Cape Nelson (3 examples), Cape Otway and Gabo Island (2 examples), as well as other types of furnishings such as tables and nests of coffee tables, cabinets, drawers, bedside tables. The Point Hicks bookcases original function was more likely office-related rather than domestic. The bookcases have first level contributory significance for their provenance and historic value as examples of the modernist furnishings that the Sydney-based firm, Kalmar Interiors supplied to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service in the post-war years.Two bookcases in the Scandinavian style. Each have 3 internal shelves and four legs, light coloured wood.

The circular cast iron object is a lid that was originally fastened into a ship tank. This particular lid is cast with the name ‘Lancaster & Co Bow London E’ in capitals in a continuous circle on the outer edge of the lid face, and has the words ‘Bow Tank Works’ on the inner circle. It is the same type of round heavy lid that was made by tank manufacturer John Bellamy although it may be a younger example. According to Pearson, the Lancaster & Co firm produced tanks between 1910 and 1930 from their works in Bow, East London. It was possibly preceded by the company, Lancaster & Bawn, which ran between the 1870s and 1890s.Pearson has collected a list of Lancaster & Co tank lids that he and others have sighted at various locations in Australia including Coolgardie, WA; Gulgong Museum, NSW; the Quarantine Station, Sydney NSW; Blundell’s Cottage, NSW; and Woolmers homestead complex, TAS. In addition, Lewis has identified lids at Ayrdale, NSW, and the shearing shed at Murndal homestead, Western Victoria. It is most likely that more than three lids survive in Victoria and more will be identified, however, as noted by Pearson, ‘surviving lids are far less numerous than the tanks themselves, presumably because the uses to which the tanks were put did not require the lid to be retained’.Parks Victoria has identified five tank lids in the lightstation collections. There is another Lancaster & Co lid at Cape Otway and possibly a second example there as well. In addition there are Bellamy lids at Point Hicks and Cape Otway and an unidentified lid at Wilsons Promontory, and a tank without a lid at Wilsons Promontory. The Lancaster & Co ship tank lid has first level contributory significance for its historic values.Circular cast-iron disc, with raised outer ridge with inscription and inner depression with inscription. One metal section forms a handle over an inner depression.Around perimeter of outer edge "BOW LONDON.E LANCASTER & CO " Around inner area "BOW ANK WORK"

The large cedar desk was formerly used by the head light keeper at Point Hicks. It was made in the nineteenth century, probably by the Victorian Public Works Department (PWD) as an item of standard issue for use in government offices. The PWD operated in Victoria from 1855 to 1987 and was responsible for the design of Victoria’s major public buildings and other infrastructure including the supply of stores, furniture and equipment.The desk has turned legs, leather top and two drawers each with a pair of wooden knob hand pulls and is identical to the large desk remaining at Cape Nelson. A smaller version is at Cape Schanck, and another desk formerly at Cape Schanck is not able to be located. Gabo Island has a small cedar desk or table in the same style. Two sides of the Cape Schanck desk are stamped with the crown motif and monogram of the PWD but it is not known if the Point Hicks desk and the other nineteenth century examples are stamped with these details. There are also c.mid-twentieth century desks remaining in the collections at Wilsons Promontory and Gabo Island. officeThe Point Hicks desk has first level contributory significance for its historic values as government issued furnishing that is original to lightstation’s head keeper’s. Early, large two drawer cedar desk. Each drawer has two wooden handles. Leather insert on top of desk is worn. Commonwealth of Australia, Dept of Transport stamp with stock number on side of desk.On label on side, "C. of A. / D. O. T. / 143581"

‘Aids to Navigation’ schedule. The schedule, dated 1985, is displayed in a black-painted wooden frame attached to the wall of the lantern room. It is presented on the Commonwealth of Australia letterhead and appears to be typed. The Cape Otway lantern room also retains an ‘Aids to Navigation’ schedule of the same date and type. The Point Hicks schedule has first level contributory significance for its historic value and provenance to the lighthouse.Aids to navigation schedule. Framed in black painted timber. Screwed to wall of lighthouse.Yes

The rectangular brass plaque commemorates the centenary of the official opening of the Point Hicks Lightstation on 15 May 1890. The engraved text in capitals reads ‘Point Hicks Lightstation/This plaque commemorates/The opening of/This Lighthouse/ (Then known as Cape Everard) /On the 15 May 1890/’. It finishes with the date of 13 May 1990. It is not known whether the plaque is a fixture attached to one of the lightstation buildings, or a detached object. If it is attached, it is defined as building fabric and is included in the Victorian Heritage Register listing for the lightstation. Details of the commemorative ceremony presumably held on 13 May 1990 are not known. It is not known whether the plaque is a fixture attached to one of the lightstation buildings, or a detached object. If it is attached, it is defined as building fabric and is included in the Victorian Heritage Register listing for the lightstation. Brass plaque with an engraved inscription. to commemorate opening of the lighthouse."POINT HICKS LIGHTSTATION/ THIS PLAQUE COMMEMORATES/THE OPENING OF/ THIS LIGHTHOUSE/ (THEN KNOWN AS CAPE EVERARD) / ON THE 15 MAY 1890 / .....13 MAY 1990"

In architecture a corbel serves a decorative as well as structural function as a solid piece of stone, wood or metal that is built into a wall and juts out like a bracket to carry a weight. The smoothly shaped corbel was formerly built into the external wall of the lighthouse facing the sea. It consists of two cupped, rounded forms, one bigger than the other, which are attached to a damaged flat base. Made of cast concrete, it is the same fabric as the lighthouse and shows evidence of white paint on its surface. An early architectural drawing of the tower shows the corbel as a projecting, decorative moulding underpinning the balcony floor associated with the auxiliary light. It indicates the original corbel was a much larger architectural feature which started as a solid rectangular block and terminated with a smaller block and then two tapering, rounded forms. Prepared in mid-1888, the architectural drawings for the lighthouse by Victorian Public Works Department architect, Frederick Hynes, were amended in 1888-89 to provide for an auxiliary light, which comprised an arched opening and door in the tower wall below the lantern room and small balcony. In the late nineteenth century all of Victoria’s lightstations installed a red auxiliary light to serve as a danger warning to mariners sailing too close to shoare. Existing lightstations, like Cape Otway, built a pavilion below their lighthouse facing out to sea, but newly constructed towers like Point Hicks and Split Point incorporated them into their designs. The efficacy of auxiliary lights became a controversial issue and all were discontinued on 1 January 1913. The Point Hicks balcony was removed from the face of the tower in 1971 after it was found to be badly rusted. This resulted in the complete removal of the corbel, from which the rounded moulding and part of the base survives. The auxiliary light and door were subsequently removed in 1975 and glass blocks now fill the opening. Cape Schanck Lightstation retains four cast iron brackets from its auxiliary light balcony which are currently stored in the lighthouse on the ground floor. No other architectural fabric associated with the auxiliary light has been identified at Point Hicks Lightstation. The fragment of corbel has first level contributory significance for its historic and architectural values as a relic of the auxiliary light and as an original moulding from the fabric of Victoria’s first concrete lighthouse.A masonary corbel.

A Berdan pan was a grinding pan. The circular pan was set at an angle, and as the pan revolved, a heavy iron ball rotated in the lowest point, grinding sand or mineral to a fine powder. It was frequently used to grind impurities out of amalgam (gold in mercury), and to grind batch-lots of heavy mineral. It is also known as a ball mill. Two strong wooden A frames supporting large iron pivotable bowl with a large iron ball inside the bowl. There are cogs underneath bowl which are connected to rotating belts extending from main battery shaft. The chute attached below the bowl is directed into a circular metal container. The frame is painted green.

Index, bib, plates, maps, ill. p. 240.non-fictionThis book is an account of how exploration and settlement of Port Phillip paved the way for colonising present day Victoria.exploration and development - melbourne, john batman - melbourne - history

Description by author of a visit to rookeries of the Little Penguin at the Point Grant end of Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia, during nesting season, 1920. Includes one photograph of 4 penguins. The author, Tom Tregallis, refers to the birds as moulting, but this takes place in March-April, so the article must have been written at that time, before its publication in November, 1920. Or Tregallis was mistaken in thinking some of the birds were moulting, as they do not go to sea during the moult. Tregallis also describes the penguin rookery at the Little Nobby and Shelly Beach nearby.Few accounts of the Little Penguin rookeries on Phillip Island during the 1920s exist in publicly accessible form, so this is a valuable description of the physical area, the numbers of penguins there at the time, feral animals such as foxes, cats and rabbits, perceived behaviour of these animals at the time.Photocopy of Magazine or Newspaper cutting, black and white/greyscale print, 10 paragraphs. Article includes single greyscale photo of four penguins. Photocopy has darker shading towards top and bottom of image.little penguins, phillip island, nobbies, penguin rookeries, penguin moult, tom tregallis

By 1966 when this poem and article were written by these state school students, the Phillip Island Penguin Parade had become famous and was a regular excursion destination for groups. The poem in rhyming couplets of 4 lines per stanza is typical of its time with human-centric description of the penguins in 'coat and tails', but both the poem and essay also indicate a growing interest in the evolution and behaviour at sea and on land of the Little Penguins. The Gould League of Bird Lovers, Victoria branch, which published these pieces in their 1966 edition of the Bird Lover magazine, was established for both children's 'nature studies' within school curricula, and for adults. The League published many booklets, posters and newsletters for schools and naturalists. The article demonstrates a growing interest in state schools in teaching students about Australian wildlife at the time. Little Penguins are very appealing to humans and given the accessiblity for viewing them at the Phillip Island Penguin Parade, provided teachers and students an ideal springboard for learning. Encouraging both poetry and essay form also indicated a broad approach to allowing students to express their knowledge and attitudes in various ways within the school setting.Also demonstrates the influence of the Gould League of Bird Lovers within the Victorian Education system.Photocopy of article. Black print on white paper with single greyscale image. Three-stanza poem "The Penguin" by Janice Ah Kee, followed by 4-paragraph description of life in the rookery by Diana Joseph. Both from Victorian state schools.litte penguin, fairy penguin, , bird lover, state school 3125 eagle point, state school 4655 morwell, janice ah kee, diana joseph, christine ryan photo, phillip island penguin parade, gould league of bird lovers, gould league of victoria, phillip island nature parks

The permanent fruit fly road blocks in Victoria began in 1958. The first was set up on the Lincoln Causeway between Albury and Wodonga. The aim was to protect the Victorian fruit export industry, the largest in the country. Cars would be stopped and inspected when entering Victoria. At peaks periods, such as Easter and school holidays, there were up to 10 inspectors at the 24 hour checkpoint near the former butter factory on the Lincoln Causeway. Local residents could apply for a pass which would be displayed on their window, but were still subject to random checks. Hundreds of tonnes of fruit each week was confiscated and pulverised by Department of Agriculture staff. The road block was closed in 1980, partly due to the increased traffic flows and the cost of maintaining inspection points.This image reflects government measures taken to protect the fruit industry in Victoria.A large image of the LIncoln Causeway at the Victorian/NSW border at Wodonga. The southbound lanes on the right hand side feature overhead signals and traffic light signs to control traffic leading into the Fruit fly inspection checkpoint ahead. The photo is in a wooden frame.On right hand side: Border sign: Wodonga/Victoria and the Victorian State Coat of Arms.fruit fly control, victoria border, lincoln causeway wodonga

non-fictionThe book covers the branch line that ran eastward from Wodonga past Lake Hume and on to Tallangatta, over the highest point on Victorian Railways at Shelley and terminated at Cudgewa. A photographic profilelocomotives -- victoria -- history, cudgewa train, victoria railways, high country trains

THE RIVER PORT OF REDBANK During the 1870s, Red Bank would have been one of the busiest ports on the Murray River. When the railway line was being built from Melbourne to Wodonga all the railway material was brought up river from Echuca by paddle steamer and barge and unloaded at Red Bank. The material was loaded onto horse teams or bullock wagons and taken along the route of the spur line. During the 187 MacCulloch & Co. handled 3000 tons of railway material here' The port was operational from approximately 1870 until 1874. THE FIG TREES The fig trees and a small bank of gravel are the only visible reminders of where the spur line from the wharf at Red Bank met the main line. It was at this point that all the material for the mainline was transferred from the small locomotives and wagons from Red Bank. It would have been carried by bullock wagons and horse teams and unloaded at different places as the line progressed. After the line was completed in 1873 the fettlers from Wodonga would patrol this length of the line.These images are significant because they document an important stage in the development of transportation in North East Victoria.Images of the River Port of Red bank near Wodonga on the Murray River. 1. The wharf 2. All that remainsred bank port, historic wharf wodonga, river transport

Image 1: "de KERILLEAU" - Alongside Wodonga, home of the Watson family, was built by Charles Huon de Kerilleau, founder of the Wodonga Run. Huon took up his country in 1836, living then about 13 miles from the present homestead, the front portion of which was built about 1870. The actual age of an earlier portion is not known. Excellent for "Barmagulla". Image 2: "THE HERMITAGE" - Home of the Taylor family, is 13 miles from Wodonga. It was begun in 1852 and finished in 1854, and is the oldest occupied home in the area. The original atmosphere of the interior is maintained. As "Gooloora" its little balcony would provide a splendid vantage point for MacLough's speech. Image 3: Murray River Country above Granya, Victoria Image 4: Looking over Murmungee from the Buckland Gap near Beechworth, VictoriaThe album and images are significant because they document literature written by a prominent member of the Wodonga community. The presentation of this precis was supported by several significant district families and individuals.Coloured photos of venues suggested as settings for filming of the series. des martin, many a mile, ringer's river, northeast victoria stories

Meantime back at Camoola "Top Or Nothing" Price, known to stockmen as "Old Stop At Nothing", and his shifty ex-jockey clerk Billy Matthews, have been stunned by the Victorian customs duty of 30 shillings per head on cattle, and 50 shillings per head on horses, suddenly promulgated just prior to a very important sale. Caught with a lot of cattle he cannot unload, and a property sale that has gone astray, Price accepts offers for both from O'Day, who thus sets himself up cheaply with a good holding that runs down Barmagulla's back boundary to the Murray River at the point where he often swims across.The album and images are significant because they document literature written by a prominent member of the Wodonga community. The presentation of this precis was supported by several significant district families and individuals.Ringer's River Album Coloured photo Plate 12des martin, many a mile, ringer's river, northeast victoria stories

non-fictionThis railway story concerns just one of the many branch lines that snaked across the landscape of Victoria. This book concentrates on the Wodonga - Tallangatta - Cudgewa line, a railway that took 32 years to complete from starting point to eventual terminus. The first section of the Wodonga to Tallangatta line opened in 1889 and was further extended in 1891. It was a vital community link until the passenger service closed in September 1961. The last regular goods train on the line ran on 21st April 1978. The north- east train line to Wodonga remained a significant factor in the development of Wodonga as a rural city in the 20th century.railroads -- victoria, northeastern victoria, tallangatta, wodonga railways, cudgewa railroad

non-fictionStories from 50 former towns in and around Melbourne's North-east mountain region. These old towns include: Aberfeldy, Aberfeldy Crossing, BB Township, Blue Jacket, Clarke's Flat, Concord Gully, Edwards Reef, Fultons Creek, Jericho, Loch Fyne, Red Jacket, Store Point, The Springs, Toombon, Toombon Upper, Tullamore, Upper Thomson, Victors Quartz, Violet Town & White Star.ghost towns victoria, gold mining victoria

non-fictionThis book is a compilation of the memoirs of Harry H. Peck, a stockman who was associated with Newmarket in Victoria for almost 70 years. It is written as a history of stock marketing, especially of Newmarket from the point of view of Harry Peck, and is compiled from his own memories and experiences along with the help of others who had records of the early days of Newmarket. The book covers stock market history from the 1840s to the 1940s, and includes chapters on the history of Newmarket, famous cattlemen, Gippsland pioneers, Westernport, the Great Kyogle land deal, Goulburn, Albury, Murray, Kiewa and Mitta Runs, Holbrook and many others.english

Victoria once had well over one hundred fire lookouts and firetowers. Fire lookouts, or observation posts, were often just a clearing on a hill or a vantage point, whereas firetowers were definite structures. Many were established by the Forests Commission Victoria (FCV) in the 1920s, but the network was expanded rapidly in response to recommendations of the Stretton Royal Commission after the 1939 Black Friday bushfires. When a fire or smoke was spotted from the tower a bearing was taken with the alidade and radioed or telephoned into the district office. It was then cross referenced with bearings from other towers on a large wall map to give a "fix" on the fire location Alidades and telescopes were used in the post war period but were replaced with a much simpler map table and reference string suspended from the centre of the tower cabin.Uncommon usageTelescope used in fire towers Ex military Kern Company NY Argus made in USA Adjustment lens, dials and focus ring Small spirit levelbushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv)

Victoria once had well over one hundred fire lookouts and firetowers. Fire lookouts, or observation posts, were often just a clearing on a hill or a vantage point, whereas firetowers were definite structures. Many were established by the Forests Commission Victoria (FCV) in the 1920s, but the network was expanded rapidly in response to recommendations of the Stretton Royal Commission after the 1939 Black Friday bushfires. When a fire or smoke was spotted from the tower a bearing was taken with the alidade and radioed or telephoned into the district office. It was then cross referenced with bearings from other towers on a large wall map to give a "fix" on the fire location Alidades and telescopes were used in the post war period but were replaced with a much simpler map table and reference string suspended from the centre of the tower cabin.Uncommon usageAlidade Sight TubeFCV and bearing markers on the alloy base. Very simple design. bushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv)

This instrument measures elevation by sensing minute changes in barometric air pressure relative to a fixed datum point at sea level or a known elevation, such as the starting point of a major town during a road survey, and has an accuracy of +/- 20 feet when used in experienced hands. The finely divided scale around the perimeter of the face is marked from 0 to 6000 feet elevation and 25 to 31 inches of mercury (Hg) for barometric pressure The single fine counter-balanced hand or pointer rotates anti-clockwise with increasing elevation and decreasing pressure. The label "compensated" indicates that the instrument is constructed to compensate for the effect of temperature changes on the accuracy of readings. Surveyor's Pocket Altimeter - Aneroid Barometer Type Branded N H Seward, Melbourne. Made in England. With leather carrying case and strap.forest measurement, forests commission victoria (fcv), surveying