In the first years after European settlement of Australia, a varied collection of international coins, tradesmen's tokens and promissory notes were used by European settlers, while soldiers participated in the notorious rum trade. In 1825, the British government made the English Pound the only form of legal currency in Australian colonies. With Federation in 1901 the Commonwealth government became the only body with the constitutional power to issue currency. In 1910, nine years after Australia federated as a nation, a national Australian currency was formed, based on the British money system of pounds, shillings and pence. The Australian penny was first minted in England from 1911 to 1915, then in India from 1916 to 1918. Australia started minting most of its own pennies from 1919 until the introduction of decimal currency in 1966. This collection was donated by Mr. Heinz Kaupert of Wodonga. He was an active member of the German-Austrian club of Wodonga. He died in Wodonga in 2014.These coins reflect developments in Australian currency and were donated by a member of the Wodonga Community.A collection of 20 penny and half penny coins mounted in a frame behind glass. They are divided into 3 sections - English currency used as Australian Currency before 1939, Australian coins used 1901 - 1939 and currency used from 1939 - 1966.australian coins pre-decimal, australian penny, australian halfpenny

A foghorn is a device that uses sound to warn of navigational hazards like rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used with marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rocky outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping. An early form of fog signal was to use a bell, gong, explosive signal or firing a cannon to alert shipping. From the early 20th century an improved device called the diaphone was used in place of these other devices, The diaphone horn was based directly on the organ stop of the same name invented by Robert Hope-Jones, creator of the Wurlitzer organ. Hope-Jones' design was based on a piston that was closed only at its bottom end and had slots, perpendicular to its axis, cut through its sides, the slotted piston moved within a similarly slotted cylinder. Outside of the cylinder was a reservoir of high-pressure air. Initially, this air would be admitted behind the piston, pushing it forward. When the slots of the piston aligned with those of the cylinder, air passed into the piston, making a sound and pushing the piston back to its starting position, whence the cycle would be repeated. This method of producing a low audible sound was further developed as a fog signal by John Northey of Toronto and these diaphones were powered by compressed air produced by an electric motor or other mechanical means that admitted extremely powerful low-frequency notes. The example in the Flagstaff collection is an early cased and portable diaphone used on pleasure or sailing craft. By manually turning the crank handle air is produced and fed into valves that direct air across vibrating metal reeds to produce the required sound. in foggy weather, fog horns are used to pinpoint a vessels position and to indicate how the vessel is sailing in foggy conditions. One blast, when sailing on starboard tack and two blasts, when sailing on a port tack and three dots, when with wind is behind the vessel. Since the automation of lighthouses became common in the 1960s and 1970s, most older foghorn marine installations have been removed to avoid the need to run the complex machinery associated with them, and have been replaced with an electrically powered diaphragm or compressed air horns. The example in the collection is significant as it was used in the early 19th century for sailing vessels was important but these portable crank fog horns have also been superseded by modern electric varieties. Therefore the item has a historical connection with sailing and maritime pursuits from our past.English Rotary Norwegian Pattern nautical foghorn within a boxed pine varnished case with exposed corner dovetailing, original leather carrying strap, brass side crank, and original copper trumped horn. Card accessory with Directions for Use in both English and French.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, foghorn, maritime technology, maritime communication, marine warning signal, portable foghorn, bellows foghorn, crank handle, robert hope-jones, john northey

Outlines and notes on a variety of Victorian languages. Chapters on the Wemba Wemba language; the Wergaia Language (Djadjala dialect); the Madimadi language; and the Narinari language; phonetic notes on Gundidj, Woiwuru, Yodayoda, Ganai (Gippsland) and Southern Ngarigu; Aboriginal - English Vocabularies; and an English - Aboriginal vocabulary.maps, word lists, b&w photographswemba wemba, wembawemba, madimadi, madhi madhiu, woiwuru, woiwurrung, wergaia, djadjala, narinari, wadi wadi, gundidj, buandidj, buandig, yodayoda, yorta yorta, gippsland, southern narigu, glossaries, vocabularies, luise hercus

Items souvenired by Maurice Anthony BYRNE RAAF. Refer Cat No 215.9 for his service details.Four banknotes issued by the Japanese Government for Indonesia and Timor. Notes are in Dutch, Portuguese and English. Various denominations.numismatics - notes; asian currencies, japanese, dutch

Australian bugle with lanyard attached. Used by Clarries Sutcliffe while HMAT Ballarat sank in the English Channel.ephemera, ww1, army

Various notes, messages and tickets all photocopied depicting Christmas Greetings and Canteen Tickets in English and Vietnamese.notes, christmas

Pink cover with red printing showing a stemed rose. 16 pages of printing in both English & Vietnamese.booklet

White card with green & red printing in Vietnamese & English. Diagram of a foot with highlighted pressure points & descriptions.

184 page booklet/pamphlet describing in English and Vietnamese, identification of enamy weapons used by Viet Congpamphlet, weapons

Perspex paper weight with the coloured image of a church and Korean text on one side and English text on the other."REV. OAK LIM, PASTOR, THE YOUNGAHM PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 130-9 3KA ANAMDONG, SUNBOOKU, SEOUL KOREA"

A tool for recording Aboriginal languages in a fieldwork situation - list of English words for which Aboriginal equivalents are to be elicited.word lists, linguistics

Framed collage of Australian raw wool by wool artist Pauline Osborn. Titled "Jimba on Manooka" (Sheep on Hill). Work specially made for the National Wool Museum after a visit by the artist in 1991.Wool collage of pastoral scene entitled "Jimba on Manooka" (English translation - Sheep on Hill). Framed and glazed.handicrafts

Compaq Grand Slam Cup (Munich) 1991 Information Booklet. Contents in English. Materials: Paper, Inktennis

Compaq Grand Slam Cup (Munich) 1991 Information Booklet. Contents in English. Materials: Paper, Inktennis

The Kew Philharmonic Society was founded by Dr. Ehrenfeld, c.1946, who was also the Orchestra's first conductor. He was succeeded by Harold Badger in 1954 following the death of the former. During the 1940s and 1950s, the Orchestra played its concerts in the Kew Recreation Hall in Wellington Street. In 1960, the Orchestra relocated to the new Kew City Hall in Cotham Road (the site of the current Kew Library).The Arthur Dear Collection is a comprehensive collection of theatrical ephemera relating to performances by theatrical and musical organisations from within and outside the former City of Kew who typically performed at venues in Kew during the 1950s and 1960s.Concert programme of the fourteenth subscription concert of the Kew Philharmonic Society. The program was advertised as an "All-English Programme". arthur dear collection, kew philharmonic society

The Charlton Pharmacy established by Russell English 1974 (?) Dillon Building built in 1889 for Mr Sharman, proprietor of the Globe Hotel. Three, 2-storey shops; Dillon's Clothing Store, Bilton's Chemist Shop (later a dentist J. Knight upstairs) and a Cafe. Part of the Charlton Shire streetscape series 1987Colour photograph of two story, triple fronted red brick building. Signage reads THE CHARLTON PHARMACY and RUSSELL ENGLISH M.P.S. on verandah frontage. CHEMIST in red on front of white building on LH side, and advertising for Palcolor on both building and verandah. Signage on upper storeys reads T.DILLON, LADIES & GENTS TAILOR and A.E. BILTON. Signage in window on RH side reads CHARLTON RESTAURANT. Cars parked on both sides of the road. Three people in front of the chemist.charlton pharmacy, russell english, dillon building, sharman, bilton's chemist, business, industry, charlton

This pair of spectacles and case are of no known origin but are typical of those used in the late 19th centuryThese spectacles are of interest because of their age and are retained for display purpsesThis is a pair of metal and glass spectacles with mesh shades on the sides. The sides and the shades fold up to fit into a leather case with red leather lining. Part of the closing flap is missing from the case. The case has the name of the maker on the top flap.Ophthalmic Optician Nott 145 Collins St Melbourne English makevintage spectacles, warrnambool history

A box containing articles on famous people, eg Jack Davey, Princess Grace, Winston Churchill, Queen Mother Elizabeth, H.M. Queen Alexandria of Yugoslavia, Queen Alexandra, and Vera Lynn. Sources include 'The Sun,' 'The Australian Women's Weekly,' 'Homes and Gardens,' 'Everybodys,' 'Woman's Day with Woman' and 'People.' 1956 - 1960.Life stories ; Sir Winston Churchill's 'A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'person, individual, famous people, lydia chancellor, collection, famous people, men, women, male, female, individual, history, person

Four page booklet featuring black and white graphics and text. The front cover features an image of a woman wearing a hat and gloves. [printed] Presented with / English / WOMAN’S / WEEKLY / CROCHET GLOVES / WITH FLOWER GAUNTLETSfashion, women, knitting, crochet, home life, patterns

Captured in the South West Pacific area from surrendered Japanese soldiers. Brought home by an Australian soldier and later donated to the Ringwood RSL.Silk with Rising Sun diameter 60cm.Japanese language markings. Also english "Major Watanabe....also Majolleictnant."