A permanent hairstyle, commonly called a perm or "permanent" is a hairstyle consisting of styles set into the hair lasting a number of months using thermal or chemical means. In the latter method, chemicals are applied to the hair, which is then wrapped around forms / rods to produce hairstyles with varying degrees of wave or curls. Usually this styling is performed by Hairdressers, in Beauty Salons, however, manufacturers appealing to the 'thriftiness' of the post world war 2 women produced products that could be used at home. It became very popular for women in the new estates to gather with their neighbours to give each other this new 'Home perm' with some success and failure. Gladys Reed used this type of Home perm while a resident of City of Moorabbin c 1950Typical Home Hair Perming equipment used to style their own hair by women in City of Moorabbin c1950A cardboard box containing solution, equipment and instruction booklet for home treatment of hair to produce permanent waves.hairdressers, hairdressing equipment, permanent wave, hair fashion, hair styling 1950, grooming, personal effects, early settlers, post world war 2 estates moorabbin, reed gladys. reed george, clark judy, bentleigh, moorabbin, highett, ormond.

This small fine-toothed saw with a strong back, used especially for cutting tenons on hard and soft woods, usually a Tenon saw will have between 10 and 14 teeth per 2.5cm (inch), this allows more control over the depth and direction of the cut. Among the early settlers in Moorabbin Shire were blacksmiths who made tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . This tenon saw is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire 20th CA small fine-toothed steel saw with a strong back and wood handle, used esp for cutting tenons - fitted pieces of wood to insert into a cavity.saws, tenon saws, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

c1880 Many tools were imported from USA manufacturers by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and local blacksmiths modified and maintained these tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . This slide-hammer nail puller is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900A steel slide-hammer nail puller c1880SMITH & HEMENWAY CO.N.Y. / Pat July (18) 78, Oct 79, July 81/ TRADEMARK 'GIANT' No.1slide hammer nail pullers, carpenters, builders, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd, smith & hemenway co. new york usa,

These forged nail snips we used to remove embedded nails by builders. Among the early settlers in Moorabbin Shire were blacksmiths who made tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . This hammer is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900This forged steel nail snip was used to remove embedded nails by builders c1900forged nail snips, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

Among the early settlers in Moorabbin Shire were blacksmiths who made tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . This pipe threader is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900A steel tool with 2 long arms and central square plate perforated with specific shapes secured by a long screwpipe threader, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

Among the early settlers in Moorabbin Shire were blacksmiths who made tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, wagons, carts using various tools . These large spanners were used on a horse-drawn wagons, carriages, stagecoaches, and carts. A wheelwright would use this tool to make or repair the wheels. All sizes of buggy spanners, or wagon wrenches, were needed as wagon wheels were of many different sizes. This wagon wheel spanner is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900 Horse-drawn wagons were used to transport the produce of the market gardeners to the Melbourne markets. Buggies, Traps and Jinkers were popular with farmers, Doctors, and Councillors for trips into town before the advent of the motorized vehicles.A steel wheel wrench, spanner for wagon wheels. c1900 wagons, wheelwrights, spanners, iron rimmed wheels , early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

John Garrington & Sons was founded 1837 in London as a company producing iron and steel tools, pistols, coach parts, military harness, nuts and bolts . In 1879 the business moved to Albert Works in Willenhall Road. 1912 the business was sold to F.W.Cotterill, a local nut and bolt manufacturer. F.W.Cotterill and consequently Garrington's was purchased in 1919 by G.K.N. (originally Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds). 1926 they were producing drop forged automobile tools, spanners and in 1947 'lightweight high tensile carbon steel' 'Magpie" automobile spanner. They had a lot of products named after birds. Early settlers were reliant on the draught horse and wagon but by the 1930's Vulcan trucks transported the produce to market and post war settlers in the Moorabbin Estates gradually purchased cars (automobiles) for transport and pleasure.This Garrington Tools Pty Ltd automobile spanner is typical of the type used by automobile mechanics in Moorabbin c1950A large high tensile carbon steel spanner c1950 for use in automobile repair and manufacture.GARRINGTON 'MAGPIE' tools, garrington tool company england, post world war 11 estates, moorabbin , automobile tools, automotive parts, jaguar cars pty ltd, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

The heavy duty chain wrench has a double jaw that gives fast, ratchet-like action in either direction The "cable chain" is preferable for working with fittings and other irregular forms related to pipe where flat chain is better suited for pipe. The side plates connect to the handle with dovetails; the bolt's primary function is to keep the jaws in position rather than carrying the strain. The free end of the chain connects to the handle behind the attachment point for the fixed end of the chain to avoid potential for the chain to "lock" on pipe. This chain pipe wrench is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900Heavy steel chain pipe wrench c1900wrenches, spanners, chain pipe wrench, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

Tools, Rule, 12-24 inch folding,steel used by builders and mechanics in City of Moorabbin 20thC This large graduated steel ruler is typical of the type used by residents in the City of Moorabbin 20thCTools, Rule, 12-24 inch folding, graduated, steel rulers, measures, set squares, trigonometry, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

School children learned to write using a slate From 1880’s to mid 1950’s in most schools, very young children first learned to write their letters in sand trays using their fingers or a stick. When about 6, they progressed onto writing on slates . The board was made from a piece of quarry slate set in a wooden frame. A slate pencil (not chalk) was used to form the letters. This slate pencil was often sharpened on the school wall. The advantage of slates over paper was that they could be wiped clean and used again and again. Until the mid 20thC paper was expensive . After the pupil wrote on the Slate, the work was checked by the teacher and then erased for a new task Children had to bring a dampened cloth or sponge to school so that they could clean the slate and start again. The pioneer settlers in the Moorabbin Shire area valued education and established schools for their children in Cheltenham and East Brighton c1860's This writing slate is typical of the type used up to the mid 20th Century in preparatory classes.A writing slate in a wood frame used by school children from c1880s to c1950sschools, education, writing equipment, slate writing boards, victoria melbourne, market gardeners, pioneer, settlers, cheltenham state school no. 84., bentleigh east state school no. 2083, st stephens c of e school tucker road east brighton

A dip pen usually consists of a metal nib with capillary channels like those of fountain pen nibs, mounted in a handle or holder, often made of wood. Dip pens have no ink reservoir, so the user must recharge the ink from an ink bowl or bottle to continue drawing or writing. Dip pens emerged in the early 19th century, when they replaced quill pens and were generally used before the development of fountain pens in the later 19th centuryThe pioneer settlers in the Moorabbin Shire area valued education and established schools for their children in Cheltenham and East Brighton c1860's These wood shaft pens and steel nibs are typical of the type used up to the mid 20th Century in school classes.3 wood shaft writing dip pens with steel nibs schools, education, writing equipment, victoria melbourne, market gardeners, pioneer, settlers, cheltenham state school no. 84., bentleigh east state school no. 2083, st stephens c of e school tucker road east brighton, pen steel nibs

Among the early settlers in Moorabbin Shire were blacksmiths who made tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . This is a double sided pruning saw with tapering blade used by orchardists and farmers This pruning saw is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900A steel saw with double sided tapering blade and wood handle for pruning trees. saws, pruning saws, orchardists, fower gardens, fruit trees, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,