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Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Little Gem tintype, Portrait of a Man
The tintype (or ferrotype or Melainotype) was produced on metallic sheet (not, actually, tin) instead of glass. The plate was coated with collodion and sensitized just before use. It was introduced by Adolphe Alexandre Martin in 1853. The most common size was about the same as the carte-de-visite, 5.5cm x 9.0cm, but both larger and smaller ferrotypes were made. The smallest were "Little Gem" tintypes, about the size of a postage-stamp, made simultaneously on a single plate in a camera with 12 or 16 lenses. They were often produced by travelling photographers, and were cheaper than Ambrotypes so made photography available to working classes, not just to the more well-to-do. The print would come out laterally reversed (as one sees oneself in a mirror). Being quite rugged, tintypes could be sent by post. Tintypes were eventually superseded by gelatin emulsion dry plates in the 1880s, though street photographers in various parts of the world continued with this process until the 1950s. (Above information abridged from http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/tintype.htm) The firm of Gove and Allen opened in Sydney in 1880 and were responsible for the belated popularizing of the gem tintype in Australia. The firm traded as both The American Gem Studio and The American Studio. Others franchises were opened in Melbourne, Ballarat and Sandhurst (Bendigo). The Sandhurst branch closed in 1882 and Adelaide in 1884. All Gove and Allen studios had ceased trading by 1885. The studio addresses were: 23 King William St, Adelaide; 324 George St, Sydney; 95 Swanston St, Melbourne; Howard Place, Sandhurst; 7 Queen St, Brisbane; The card mounts used in Gove and Allen studios in Australia are identical to those used in America. They were initially made of plain white card with embossing around the oval image opening in the mount while some also had simple geometric and floral printed designs as well. Although Gove and Allen studios produced the majority of gem tintypes in Australia, other studios offered them including: - London, American & Sydney Photo Company, 328 George St, Sydney; - David Edelsten, 55 & 57 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Burman's Portrait Rooms, St. George's Hall, 209 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Bell's Gem Portrait Studio, 57 Bourke St East, Melbourne; - R. H. Kenny, Bridge St, 6 Sturt St Ballarat; - Marinus W. Bent, Sandhurst (Bendigo); - George Fisher, Victoria; - Anson Brothers, Hobart Town. (Abridged information from http://members.ozemail.com.au/~msafier/photos/tintypes.html) .8)A tintype portrait of a man's head, attached to a card. The cheeks have been hand coloured.little gem -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Little Gem tintype, Portrait of a Woman in a hat
The tintype (or ferrotype or Melainotype) was produced on metallic sheet (not, actually, tin) instead of glass. The plate was coated with collodion and sensitized just before use. It was introduced by Adolphe Alexandre Martin in 1853. The most common size was about the same as the carte-de-visite, 5.5cm x 9.0cm, but both larger and smaller ferrotypes were made. The smallest were "Little Gem" tintypes, about the size of a postage-stamp, made simultaneously on a single plate in a camera with 12 or 16 lenses. They were often produced by travelling photographers, and were cheaper than Ambrotypes so made photography available to working classes, not just to the more well-to-do. The print would come out laterally reversed (as one sees oneself in a mirror). Being quite rugged, tintypes could be sent by post. Tintypes were eventually superseded by gelatin emulsion dry plates in the 1880s, though street photographers in various parts of the world continued with this process until the 1950s. (Above information abridged from http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/tintype.htm) The firm of Gove and Allen opened in Sydney in 1880 and were responsible for the belated popularizing of the gem tintype in Australia. The firm traded as both The American Gem Studio and The American Studio. Others franchises were opened in Melbourne, Ballarat and Sandhurst (Bendigo). The Sandhurst branch closed in 1882 and Adelaide in 1884. All Gove and Allen studios had ceased trading by 1885. The studio addresses were: 23 King William St, Adelaide; 324 George St, Sydney; 95 Swanston St, Melbourne; Howard Place, Sandhurst; 7 Queen St, Brisbane; The card mounts used in Gove and Allen studios in Australia are identical to those used in America. They were initially made of plain white card with embossing around the oval image opening in the mount while some also had simple geometric and floral printed designs as well. Although Gove and Allen studios produced the majority of gem tintypes in Australia, other studios offered them including: - London, American & Sydney Photo Company, 328 George St, Sydney; - David Edelsten, 55 & 57 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Burman's Portrait Rooms, St. George's Hall, 209 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Bell's Gem Portrait Studio, 57 Bourke St East, Melbourne; - R. H. Kenny, Bridge St, 6 Sturt St Ballarat; - Marinus W. Bent, Sandhurst (Bendigo); - George Fisher, Victoria; - Anson Brothers, Hobart Town. (Abridged information from http://members.ozemail.com.au/~msafier/photos/tintypes.html) .9) A tintype portrait of a woman's head, attached to a card. The cheeks have been hand coloured.little gem, woman, unidentified woman, women, photography -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Little Gem tintype, Possibly American Studio, Portrait of a Boy
The tintype (or ferrotype or Melainotype) was produced on metallic sheet (not, actually, tin) instead of glass. The plate was coated with collodion and sensitized just before use. It was introduced by Adolphe Alexandre Martin in 1853. The most common size was about the same as the carte-de-visite, 5.5cm x 9.0cm, but both larger and smaller ferrotypes were made. The smallest were "Little Gem" tintypes, about the size of a postage-stamp, made simultaneously on a single plate in a camera with 12 or 16 lenses. They were often produced by travelling photographers, and were cheaper than Ambrotypes so made photography available to working classes, not just to the more well-to-do. The print would come out laterally reversed (as one sees oneself in a mirror). Being quite rugged, tintypes could be sent by post. Tintypes were eventually superseded by gelatin emulsion dry plates in the 1880s, though street photographers in various parts of the world continued with this process until the 1950s. (Above information abridged from http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/tintype.htm) The firm of Gove and Allen opened in Sydney in 1880 and were responsible for the belated popularizing of the gem tintype in Australia. The firm traded as both The American Gem Studio and The American Studio. Others franchises were opened in Melbourne, Ballarat and Sandhurst (Bendigo). The Sandhurst branch closed in 1882 and Adelaide in 1884. All Gove and Allen studios had ceased trading by 1885. The studio addresses were: 23 King William St, Adelaide; 324 George St, Sydney; 95 Swanston St, Melbourne; Howard Place, Sandhurst; 7 Queen St, Brisbane; The card mounts used in Gove and Allen studios in Australia are identical to those used in America. They were initially made of plain white card with embossing around the oval image opening in the mount while some also had simple geometric and floral printed designs as well. Although Gove and Allen studios produced the majority of gem tintypes in Australia, other studios offered them including: - London, American & Sydney Photo Company, 328 George St, Sydney; - David Edelsten, 55 & 57 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Burman's Portrait Rooms, St. George's Hall, 209 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Bell's Gem Portrait Studio, 57 Bourke St East, Melbourne; - R. H. Kenny, Bridge St, 6 Sturt St Ballarat; - Marinus W. Bent, Sandhurst (Bendigo); - George Fisher, Victoria; - Anson Brothers, Hobart Town. (Abridged information from http://members.ozemail.com.au/~msafier/photos/tintypes.html) .9) A tintype portrait of a child's head and torso, attached to a card. The boy is wearing a suit and the cheeks have been hand coloured.little gem -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Little Gem tintype, Portrait of a Woman in a Hat
The tintype (or ferrotype or Melainotype) was produced on metallic sheet (not, actually, tin) instead of glass. The plate was coated with collodion and sensitized just before use. It was introduced by Adolphe Alexandre Martin in 1853. The most common size was about the same as the carte-de-visite, 5.5cm x 9.0cm, but both larger and smaller ferrotypes were made. The smallest were "Little Gem" tintypes, about the size of a postage-stamp, made simultaneously on a single plate in a camera with 12 or 16 lenses. They were often produced by travelling photographers, and were cheaper than Ambrotypes so made photography available to working classes, not just to the more well-to-do. The print would come out laterally reversed (as one sees oneself in a mirror). Being quite rugged, tintypes could be sent by post. Tintypes were eventually superseded by gelatin emulsion dry plates in the 1880s, though street photographers in various parts of the world continued with this process until the 1950s. (Above information abridged from http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/tintype.htm) The firm of Gove and Allen opened in Sydney in 1880 and were responsible for the belated popularizing of the gem tintype in Australia. The firm traded as both The American Gem Studio and The American Studio. Others franchises were opened in Melbourne, Ballarat and Sandhurst (Bendigo). The Sandhurst branch closed in 1882 and Adelaide in 1884. All Gove and Allen studios had ceased trading by 1885. The studio addresses were: 23 King William St, Adelaide; 324 George St, Sydney; 95 Swanston St, Melbourne; Howard Place, Sandhurst; 7 Queen St, Brisbane; The card mounts used in Gove and Allen studios in Australia are identical to those used in America. They were initially made of plain white card with embossing around the oval image opening in the mount while some also had simple geometric and floral printed designs as well. Although Gove and Allen studios produced the majority of gem tintypes in Australia, other studios offered them including: - London, American & Sydney Photo Company, 328 George St, Sydney; - David Edelsten, 55 & 57 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Burman's Portrait Rooms, St. George's Hall, 209 Bourke St, Melbourne; - Bell's Gem Portrait Studio, 57 Bourke St East, Melbourne; - R. H. Kenny, Bridge St, 6 Sturt St Ballarat; - Marinus W. Bent, Sandhurst (Bendigo); - George Fisher, Victoria; - Anson Brothers, Hobart Town. (Abridged information from http://members.ozemail.com.au/~msafier/photos/tintypes.html) A tintype portrait of a woman's head and shoulders, attached to a card. The cheeks have been hand coloured.little gem, woman, unidentified woman, women, photography -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Uncoined Gold Exported, 14/12/1880 (exact); Above date is the date the document was ordered to be printed
White Foolscap printed Government document listing gold returns between 1872 and 1879. The list shows the amount of uncoined gold exported from Victoria since the establishment of the Melbourne Mint.customs, w madden, f w howden, melbourne mint, coin, coinage, ingot, bullionm, john ferres, custom house -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book - Photo album, Photographs of New Zealand Scenery, 1886, 1886 (exact)
Before Mt Tarawera erupted, the Pink and White Terraces at Lake Rotomahana in New Zealand’s North Island, were considered one of the wonders of the world. Tourists came to soak in the thermal hot pools and view the marble-like terraces. Due to a volcanic eruption of Mt Tarawera On June 10 1886, between 108-120 people were killed and several settlements were destroyed. It also destroyed the world-famous Pink and White Terraces. The terraces became a crater over 100 metres deep. Within 15 years it filled with water, forming a much larger new Lake Rotomahana. The chain of craters at Waimangu became the site of many new geothermal features, including Waimangu Geyser, the largest in the world, and New Zealand’s largest hot spring, Frying Pan Lake. The Burton brothers (photographers), Alfred Burton was born in 1834 in Leicester and died in 1914 in Dunedin. His brother Walter Burton was born in 1836 and died in 1880. Many of the Burton Brothers' works and original equipment were collected by Dunedin photographer and historian Hardwicke Knight, and are now housed in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington. This album was donated to the Ballarat School of Mines Museum by James Oddie in 1887. (See Cat. No. 458, No. 1720) Alfred Burton was born in 1834 at Leicester and died at Dunedun, New Zealand, in 1914. Walter Burton was born in 1836, and died in 1889. Large green album containing numerous B/W original photographs of New Zealand, especially volcanos. - Includes Pink and White Terraces (no longer in existance). Photos were taken before and after volcanic eruption. A recent inclusion is article on the terraces by Federation University's George Hook and Stephen Carey.Each photo has a caption.pink terrace, white terrace, new zealand, sumner, burton bros, rotokakahi wairoa, rotomahana crater, tikitapu bush, wanganui bridge, maori, canoe, volcano, mount tarawara, james oddie, ballarat school of mines museum, eruption, waterfall, bridge, sulphur pool, crater, mt tarawera, tikitapu lake, rananga house, wairoa, waikato, maori church wairoa, ganaru, taherepokiore, golden bay, paterson, dowling st dunedin, rocky hill, harison's cove, milford sound, tall ship, hydraulic mining, hale's arm, james oddie (donor), george hook, stephen carey, lake rotomahana -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Monica Miller photograph, BTC Reunion 1947 - 1982
Monica was a well-loved music teacher at the Ballarat Teachers' College.Black and white photograph in cream matte board. Monica Miller sits at the piano. Those who attended the BTC Reunion 1947 - 1982 signed the mountballarat teachers' college, monica miller, lynette vickery (lynch), beth stutterd (leslie), howard pattender, keith h. m. lean, nancy m. harley, lindsay w. harley, jon hill, bill gleeson, ruth b gozer, beatrice m. sanders, betty maynard (williams), joy anderson (love), stan j marlen, wal maynard, david g. cooper, joan jennings (gunning), etherl white (esmore), jack ..., nancy mcdonald (alexander), pat watts (knight), lorna davis (welsh), joyce fraser (mathison), hugh fraser, margaret alexander (palmer), maurene canter (merlin), elva surman, bill henderson, reta henderson, ronald l. earless, valda kelm (witney), marie faulds, ann oldfield (mckinnen), jean cowton (clode), kath harfield (tobin), groen pamphilon, inez m bemirs (domascheng), bernie kurght, mick cowton, m. dawn spencer (doney), vern white, n.t. sanders, arther ..., -
Federation University Historical Collection
Certificate, Education Department Victoria, Result of examination of teachers - Dorothy M. Wright, 11 Feb. 1957
piece of white paper headed "Examination of Teachers". Education Department Document relating to Ballarat Teachers' College student Dorothy M. Wright and her results in the elementary singing certificate. Stamped "Elementary singing certificate Musical theory part 1" and hand written "Miss Dorothy M. Wright, Ballarat Teachers College, 1314 November 1956" Pass. Signed with a stamp W. T. Place Verso: D.Timmins (Wright)ballarat, wright, dorothy m wright, dorothy, teachers college, w t place -
Federation University Historical Collection
Domestic object - Bottle, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Diploma of Applied Science (Nursing) Graduate Port, c1988
Graduation port bottled for the Diploma of Applied Nursing class 1986-1988Empty brown glass wine bottle Includes original plastic screw top lid and collar (gold colour) with printed labelFeatures printed self adhesive label which reads: 'Ballarat C.A.E. Diploma of Applied Science (Nursing) Graduate Port 1896-1988 J. Avard ; M. Bardwell ; N. Bath ; J. Brown ; G. Coad ; B. Conrick ; M. Devlin ; S. Dohle ; J. Drennan ; J. Dunne ; K. Fort ; H. Fraser ; R. Green ; J. Grose ; L. Hamer ; L. Harrison ; J. Henry ; M. Hill ; C. Hoffman ; J. Hogan ; A. Huynh ; T. Johnston ; B. Jones ; P. Knott ; M. Kopp ; W. Leigh ; C. McGeachin ; S. McLaren ; D. McNaught ; J. McTavish ; K. Melih ; K. Moore ; D. Mould ; S. Neil ; D. Nicholson ; A. Norman ; M. O'Rourke ; L. Orr ; L. Phyland ; S. Richards ; M. Roberts ; F. Russell ; M. Sahajdak ; A Schuurmans ; I. Simcic ; H. Simcocks ; V. Sims ; P. Smith ; I. Snow ; J. Spink ; C. Spinks ; J. Stokes ; A. Symonds ; A. Talwar ; L. Taylor ; g. Tennant ; K. White ; J. Williamson ; L. Windust Produced & Bottled by Best's Wines Pty Ltd Great Western, Australia 750ml Preservative (220) added 18% alcohol/vol' Bottle features embossed details around its lower edge: '14 [?] M 15555-D'ballarat college of advanced education, j williamson, p smith, w, j, ballarat c a e diploma of applied science nursing, graduate port 1896 1988, j avard, m bardwell, n bath, j brown, g coad, b conrick, m devlin, s dohle, j drennan, dunne, k fort, h fraser, r green, j grose, l hamer, l harrison, j henry, m hill, c hoffman, j hogan, a huynh, t johnston, b jones, p knott, m kopp, leigh, c mcgeachin, s mclaren, d mcnaught, j mctavish, k melih, k moore, d mould, s neil, d nicholson, a norman, m o rourke, l orr, l phyland, s richards, m roberts, f russell, m sahajdak, a schuurmans, i simcic, h simcocks, v sims, i snow, j spink, c spinks, j stokes, a symonds, a talwar, l taylor, g tennant, k white, l windust, bcae -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph (Black & White), Fraser, Ballarat School of Mines Student Association Committee, 1909
Black and white photograph, mounted on card, showing 7 men standing and 7 men sitting. They are the Ballarat School of Mines Student Association Committee. Standing Left to right: Thomas Sim, Alexander Campbell, Reginald Callister, S. Leathes, V. Tucker, Mitchell, Colin Corrie. Sitting left to right L. Middleton, W. Gerald (treasurer), Bertram Whitington (vice-president - staff), Prof. Alfred Mica Smith (President - staff), A.C. Hesselmann (secretary), W. T, Sayer, Leslie Coulter. Absent Mr Sutherland and William Baragwanathmitchell, thomas sim, alexander campbell, reginald callister, s leathes, v tucker, colin corrie, l middleton, w gerald, bertram whitington, prof alfred mica smith, ac hesselmann, w t sayer, leslie coulter -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph (Black & White), Senior Members of the Ballarat School of Mines Staff, 1900
Staff Members of the Ballarat School of MinesA black and white photograph showing 18 men. Standing L-R: S.B. Vial (Chemistry); W. Doepel (Clerk); Alfred E.C. Kerr (Mechanical Engineering); Arthur Garrard (Battery Manager); Henry Hall (Drawing); W. Kerr Grant (Mathematics); C.E. Campbell (Photography); J.M. Sutherland (Electricity); H.R. Murphy (Assayer); Charles A. Dean (Cyanide Works). Sitting: Daniel Walker (Chemistry); Thomas S. Hart (Mineralogy & Curator); Fred. J. Martell (Registrar); Alfred Mica Smith, Senior Professor (Chemistry, Metallurgy, etc); J.S. Dawburn (Engineering & Surveying); Dr J.F. Usher (Materia Medica). Seating (Front): P.A. Osborne (Assistant Assayer); Godfrey Hart (Museum). .2) is a framed copy of the photograph in a carved timber from from Peake's BallaratFramer's plate 'Peake's Ballarat' Framed mount 'The Ballarat School of Mines, Staff 1900'ballarat school of mines, alfred mica smith, daniel walker, thomas hart, s.b. vial, w doepel, alfred kerr, arthur garrard, henry hall, w kerr grant, ce campbell, john sutherland, hr murphy, charles dean, fred martel, j.s. dawburn, j.f. usher, p.a. osborne, godfrey hart, c.e. campbell, w. kerr grant, kerr grant -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White Photograph, Students in the Ballarat School of Mines Botanical Garden, c1897, 1897-1898
... , Brokenshire, Gosman, Bollin, William D. Hill, " Black and white ...A number of names written on the back of the photograph match with names in the Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report 1897 and 1898. These are: Robert Allan; (Thomas E. or William T. ) Atherton; Percy Bailey, James A. Bass; Fred F. Bradford; William Brokenshire; Joseph Bryant; Cecil Eeles; Thomas Evans; William C. Gosman; John Hill; Edward P. Johnson; Duncan W. Kennedy; James Kidd; John W. Martin; Percy Osborne; J.A. Porter; Thomas Phillipson; Frank A. Steward; Robert G. Todd; Thomas A. Uthwatt A number of names are not matched: - Bollin, Curry, Morey, Mann. ThompsonBlack and white photograph mounted on grey card showing a number of students and instructors of the Ballarat School of mines. They are thought to be in the Ballarat School of Mines Materia Medica Garden (System Garden) for either a botany, chemistry or materia medica lesson, or as part of the Ballarat Field Naturalists group. The person at the front wearing an apron is George Porter Day.A number of names are written in ink on the back of the photo " Tom Evans, Osborne, Atherton, Phillipson, Eccles, Allan, Todd, Morey, Bradford, Curry, John Marian, Char Bailey, Uthwatt, John M. Sutherland, Kennedy, Mat Thompson, Hill, Steward, Martin, Kidd, Brokenshire, Gosman, Bollin, William D. Hill, "ballarat school of mines, science, material media, botanical gardens, system garden, ballarat school of mines botanical gardens, bollin, curry, morey, mann, thompson, james a. bass, fred f. bradford, william brokenshire, joseph bryant, cecil eeles, thomas evans, william gosman, john hill, edward johnson, duncan kennedy, james kidd, john martin, percy osborne, j.a. porter, thomas phillipson, frank steward, robert todd, thomas uthwatt, photography, foto, class, george day, george porter day, atherton, percy bailey, parks and gardens -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Black and White, Ballarat Junior Technical School Football Team, 1938
The Ballarat Junior Technical School was a division of the Ballarat School of Mines.A formal group of 23 adolescent males, most wearing the Ballarat Junior Technical School football jumper and one adult, W. Paterson.stamped verso "Richards & Co. Photographers Ballarat. Proofs not returned charged for. ballarat junior technical school, ballarat school of mines, education, football, sport, paterson, w. paterson -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Black and White, Ballarat School of Mines Cricket Team, 1941
This photograph is reproduced on page 19 of the 1941 Ballarat School of Mines Students' Magazine. The 1941 Cricket team had a successful season, but owing to the weather and conflicting arrangements only three matches were played. Scores: Ballarat School of Mines 130 defeated Ballarat High School 114 Ballarat School of Mines 53 defeated Ballarat Church of England Grammar School 34 Ballarat School of Mines 102 defeated Ballarat Church of England Grammar School 101 Eric William Goon was the son of Chinese Herbalist F.S. Goon of Peel Street, Ballarat Black and white photograph of 11 young men dressed in white. The photo depicts the Ballarat School of Mines Cricket team, 1941. Back Row: Eric Goon, D. Eltringham, K. Richard, L. Evans, I. McLachlan, Philip Kempe. Front Row: M. Laurence, J. Elliott, J. Gibbs (capt), Gordon Hale (vice-captain). W. RoweOn back in pencil "1941"eric goon, d. eltringham, k. richard, l. evans, i. mclachlan, philip kempe., m. laurence, j. elliott, j. gibbs, gordon hale, w. rowe, ballarat school of mines, cricket -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ross Sea Shore Party 1914-17, 1962
Hard covered book with white wrapper. non-fictiondick richards, richard w richards, antarctica, shackleton, rw richards, aurora, mount hope, keith jack, lionel hooke, irvine gaze, ernest shackleton, mcmurdo sound, exploration, autograph -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book of invoices, Ballarat school of mines scrap book of receipts, 31/12/1887
the Ballarat school of mines was the first school of mines in Australia, this book contains records from 14 years after its completion. Contains staff payments and details from local suppliers.A large volume with faded brown hard covers, brown leather faced spine and corners. Pages of plain brown paper. Contains receipts, glued and folded, each numbered by hand in blue pencil in order of insertion. This book starts with number 491 (31 Dec 1890), numbering reset to 1 after number 1000 (3 Apr 1889). Last receipt number 634 (1 Sept 1890). Auditor C.Kent, 11 Dec 1890.Auditors initials and/or signature in very many.ballarat school of mines, henry hall, salary, charles a smith, alex monsbourgh, george day, phoenix foundry, ballarat district exhibition, j.w. mills and son, carpenter, joe white, ballarat school of mines museum, purdue saddle and harness makers, r.t. vale, ballarat harness factory, w. hamer, thomas clegg, a.g. corbett, j. miller, h. ellsmore, lonie, dingle and co., john king, john king, druggist, john mann, alex e. monsbourgh, invoices, receipts, union foundry -
Federation University Historical Collection
book, Truth & Sportsman Ltd, Souvenir commemorating the commencement of work by the Snowy mountains hydro-electric authority, 17/10/1949
It is assumed that a member of the Ballarat School of Mines attended the commencement of work at the Snowy Mountains hydro-electric centre.Burgundy cover with gold printing. Black print, photos and diagrams on white paper (31 pages). Bound by 3 staples. The contents include the story of the Snowy. Images include W.J. McKell, J.B. (Ben) Chifley, J. McGirr, Nelson Lemmon, Hume Weir, Jindabyne valley (now flooded), Jindabyne township (now flooded), illustration of water Power, survey team at Adaminaby, Snowy Mountains Relief Plan, Horseman crossing the Eucumbene River, Mildura, Burrinjuck Dam under construction, transmission lines, W. Hudson.snowy mountains hydro-electricty scheme, snowy mountains hydro-electric authority -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph (black & white), Four Principals of the Ballarat School of Mines, June 1983
This photograph was taken at the presentation of a bust of Dick Richards to the Ballarat School of Mines. Dick Richards joined the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) in 1914, and soon afterwards was granted leave to join an expedition to Antartica. In 1915 he sailed from Australia with the Antartic Exploraton Expedition, led by Sir Ernest Shackleton. Dick Richards was the physicist and sled manager for Shackleton's Ross Sea Party - with the task to meet Shackleton on the other side of the continent. When Shackleton planned his transcontinental crossing he decided to use supply depots as loads of supplies were too heavy to pull. The depots would enable Shackleton's party to carry just enough to reach the Pole, relying on the depots which were to be left by the Aurora's crew every 60 miles, stowed in 2 sledge journeys in 1915 and 1916. Dick Richards spent 3 freezing years in Antarctica between 1914 and 1917. Travelling south with Sir Ernest Shackleton Richards' worst experience was when his ship Aurora, tethered offshore, was blown away in a gale leaving Richards marooned for two years with nine other men on the ice floe. The Ross Sea Party arrived in McMurdo Sound aboard the Aurora in January 1915. The going was tough on the sledging trips as the sledges were overloaded. Temperatures were as low as minus 68F. In June 1916 the party crossed on foot to Cape Evans, occupied Scott's Hut (from his Terra Nova Expedition, erected in January 1911) in May 1915, for two months. On 10 January 1917 Richards was hunting for seals when he saw a ship on the horizon. It was 'The Aurora'. Picking up the relieved survivors 'The Aurora' arrived in New Zealand on 9 February 1917 to a hero's welcome. Joyce, Wild, Hayward and Richards later won the Albert Medal for their heroic devotion to duty. Later an inlet on the Antartic continent was named after Richards. Dick Richards wrote the following years after the ordeal "To me no undertaking carried through to conclusion is for nothing. And so I don't think of our struggle as futile. It was something the human spirit accomplished." After returning to Australia Dick Richards resumed his work at SMB as Lecturer in Physics and Mathematics, and developed many pieces of experimental equipment. During World War Two he acted as a scientific adviser in the production of optical apparatus in Australia. In 1946 he was appointed Principal and twelve years later he retired after a total of 44 years service. Dick Richards has been honoured through the naming of a Ballarat School of Mines prize - The R.W. Richards Medal. This medal later became a University of Ballarat prize. It has been awarded annually since 1959 to the Bachelor of Applied Science graduate considered to have achieved the most outstanding academic performance of their course. The award was was introduced to commemerate the long years of service to tertiary education in Ballarat by Mr Richards. See http://guerin.ballarat.edu.au/aasp/is/library/collections/art_history/honour-roll/honourroll_Richards,Dick.shtmlBlack and white photograph featuring 4 men who had serves as Principal of the Ballarat School of Mines. Left to Right: E.J. (Jack) Barker, Peter Shiells, Richard W. Richards, Graham Beanland.ballarat school of mines, dick richards, antarctica, ernest shackleton -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph (black & white), Richard W. Richards, c1950
This photograph was taken at the presentation of a bust of Dick Richards to the Ballarat School of Mines. Dick Richards joined the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) in 1914, and soon afterwards was granted leave to join an expedition to Antarctica. In 1915 he sailed from Australia with the Antartic Exploration Expedition, led by Sir Ernest Shackleton. Dick Richards was the physicist and sled manager for Shackleton's Ross Sea Party - with the task to meet Shackleton on the other side of the continent. When Shackleton planned his transcontinental crossing he decided to use supply depots as loads of supplies were too heavy to pull. The depots would enable Shackleton's party to carry just enough to reach the Pole, relying on the depots which were to be left by the Aurora's crew every 60 miles, stowed in 2 sledge journeys in 1915 and 1916. Dick Richards spent 3 freezing years in Antarctica between 1914 and 1917. Travelling south with Sir Ernest Shackleton Richards' worst experience was when his ship Aurora, tethered offshore, was blown away in a gale leaving Richards marooned for two years with nine other men on the ice floe. The Ross Sea Party arrived in McMurdo Sound aboard the Aurora in January 1915. The going was tough on the sledging trips as the sledges were overloaded. Temperatures were as low as minus 68F. In June 1916 the party crossed on foot to Cape Evans, occupied Scott's Hut (from his Terra Nova Expedition, erected in January 1911) in May 1915, for two months. On 10 January 1917 Richards was hunting for seals when he saw a ship on the horizon. It was 'The Aurora'. Picking up the relieved survivors 'The Aurora' arrived in New Zealand on 9 February 1917 to a hero's welcome. Joyce, Wild, Hayward and Richards later won the Albert Medal for their heroic devotion to duty. Later an inlet on the Antartic continent was named after Richards. Dick Richards wrote the following years after the ordeal "To me no undertaking carried through to conclusion is for nothing. And so I don't think of our struggle as futile. It was something the human spirit accomplished." After returning to Australia Dick Richards resumed his work at SMB as Lecturer in Physics and Mathematics, and developed many pieces of experimental equipment. During World War Two he acted as a scientific adviser in the production of optical apparatus in Australia. In 1946 he was appointed Principal and twelve years later he retired after a total of 44 years service. Dick Richards has been honoured through the naming of a Ballarat School of Mines prize - The R.W. Richards Medal. This medal later became a University of Ballarat prize. It has been awarded annually since 1959 to the Bachelor of Applied Science graduate considered to have achieved the most outstanding academic performance of their course. The award was was introduced to commemerate the long years of service to tertiary education in Ballarat by Mr Richards. See http://guerin.ballarat.edu.au/aasp/is/library/collections/art_history/honour-roll/honourroll_Richards,Dick.shtml Black and photo portrait of Richard W. (Dick) Richards, Principal of the Ballarat School of Mines. dick richards, r.w. richards, ballarat school of mines, antarctic explorer -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Shire of Ballarat, 1963
White covered book with multiple images.ballarat shire, shire of ballarat, c.e. brown, learmonth sire hall, gold memorial, miners rest reticulated water, australian timken, ballarat airport, joe white maltings, franklin caravans, kirk's reservoir, white swan reservoir, electricity, lucas, unilever australia, ballarat gas company, coronet caravans, lindsay gunn, martin stoneware, w. r. walton, m.b. john, ballarat agricultural and pastoral society, planning scheme, webcona estate, brown's heavy haulage, ballarat mental hospital, alfredton pre-school centre, wendouree recreaton reserve, wendouree pre-school, wendouree youth club, corporation saleyards, arch of victory, lake burrumbeet, perry park, ballarat high school, wendouree west state school, ewing house, ballarat grammar school, ballarat teachers' college, learmonth presbyterian church, st mathew's wendouree, st mary's redemptorist monastery, norm doodt, pre-mixed concrete, wendouree bowls club, ballarat shire councillors, rex hollioake, david baird, thomas ford, william troup, wilfred hirst, charles brown, charles giot, william walton, david powell, john pemberton, hugh patterson, alexander mcdonald, edward edwards, james mitchell -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, F.C. Mc C. Crisp, Bacchus Marsh Centenary Celebrations, 10/1936
Bacchus Marsh celebrated 100 years of white settlement in 1936. The centenary celebrations committee comprised of L.M. Dugdale (President), A.W. Bond (Hon. Secretary), Charles Dickie, W. Grant Morton, W.R. Vigor, C.J. McFarlane, G.H. Anderson, T.J. Shea, F.C. McC Crisp, Dr E. McDonald, Robert Elliott (treasurer), R.H. Lambert (Decorations manager)Brown covered book of 28 pages. The book includes an historical essay, official centenary programme, Electric Light Plant, Patriotic Bacchus Marsh, milk industry, Pioneer Women's Memorial Avenue, Bacchus Marsh Gas Works . The book includes numerous advertisement, some illustrated. Images include: * Bacchus Marsh Flats from Anthony's Cutting; * Manor house; * Scene in Maddingley Park * Werribee Valley; * Werribee Gorge * Maddingley Park lake; * ANA Hall and Post Office * Shire Hall and Soldiers' Memorial Hall, * State School No 28 * At Werribee Gorge ** The Gas Supply Co, Bacchus Marsh * Bacchus Marsh Shire Council, 1935-6 (named) Images depicted in the book were supplied by H.J.M. Vallancebacchus marsh, merrimu guest house, anthony's cutting, captain bacchus, manor house, maddingley, maddingley park, werribee gorge, bacchus marsh shire, bacchus marsh shire council -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Beautiful Ballarat, 02/1918
Purple soft covered booklet of 102 pages. Includes numerous advertisements and black and white illustrations. Topics include: Ballarat history, Eureka, Railway facilities, Railway fares to Ballarat, Lake Wendouree, Ballarat Botanical Gardens, Ballarat Zoological gardens, Ballarat Statues, Ballarat Mines and Mining, Illustrations include: Ballarat Brewing Company, passenger steamer on Lake Wendouree, Provincial hotel, Eureka Lead, Lydiard Street, Sturt Street, Ballarat Town Hall, Ballarat East Town Hall, Sunnyside Woollen Mills, Fairyland, Loch Leven Trout caught in Lake Wendouree, Ballarat Botanical Gardens, Boer War Monument, New Imperial Gold Mine, South Street Competitions, Art Gallery of Ballarat, Ballarat School of Mines, Ballarat Grammar School, Ballarat College, St Patrick's College, Ballarat Agricultural High School, Mt Clear flowering grass trees (Xanthorea Australis), Eureka Stockade Monument, Ballarat YMCA, Lake Burrumbeet, Bo-peep Creek, Moorabool Falls, Lal Lal Falls Advertisements include: Ronaldson bros. and Tippett, Charles Morris undertaker, James Smith, Huttons the jewellers, Allchin Bros, Wallace Butter Factory, F.W. Barnes and Son, Berry, Anderson and Co., Rowlandsballarat, new imperial gmc, sunnyside woollen mill, brewery, royal standard brewery, st patrick's college ballarat, ballarat grammar school, ballarat school of mines, ballarat east town hall, ballarat east botanical gardens, abc grill & tea room, a.m. palmer chemist, thomas' supply stores, ballarat brewing company, stevens the furriers, summerscales, paddlesteamer on lake wendouree, hutton's the jewellers, allchin brothers, fiat motor garage, eureka stockade, w. cornell, cornell's liver pills, f.w. barnes and son, w. rotchie's, railway, lake wendouree, sunntside woollen mills, w.f. coltman, bert skinner, frank besemere, fred a. reed, ballarat zoological gardens, jelbarts, brinds, sourhern cross hotel, rowlands soda water, american club hotel, armstrong street south -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, University of Ballarat Annual Report, 2003
White, blue and grey soft covered book. The contents include: Global Innovation Centre, university of Ballarat Technology Park, David Caro, Kerry Cox, Peter Mathews, Sally Wellard, Frank Hurley, Rosalyn Schute, John Smyth, Colin Bourke, honorary doctorate, Alan Webb, William McGregor, Julian Lowe, John Edwards, International Beer Awards, Camp Street, Miwako Inoue, Ballarat Technology Park, earn as you learn. .3) Financial Statements 2003university of ballarat, annual report, david caro, kerry cox, sally wellard, jim burrough, frank hurley, pater mathews, rosalyn schute, colin bourke, w. john smyth, honorary doctorate - alan kenneth webb, william mcgregor, bill mcgregor, national centre for sustainability, international students, bul ayuel bulkoch, lucy caniogo, harmohan singh, thim lai, pernilla honor'e, tom bodey, university of ballarat pipe band, bruce morgan, gillian hehir, trevor hastings, cameron sultie, leigh pyke, peter ocic, rosette arnold, robert hook, john brumby, stan jeffrey, sarah birks, john o'loughlin, leeanne pitman, kim sumner, chris grant -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat Junior Technical School Council Report Book, 1923-1949
The Ballarat Junior Technical School opened in 1913 under the jurisdiction of the Ballarat School of Mines. The first Principal was Albert W. Steane. Blue, hardcovered book with blue lined pages that have been written on in ink. The reports from 1923 are written by Ballarat Junior Technical School Principal Albert Stean, and have been countersigned by William Henry Middleton. From 1944 the reports were signed by C. Jeffery. and the one from 1949 they was signed by Mr Cutter. Contents include enrolment numbers, White Flat Improvement Committee, School Fair, Wireless Club, garden improvements, swimming, sports, Mothers' Club, Battery Paddock, football, orphanage boys, choir, scholarships, Empire Youth Day, ballarat junior technical school, bjts, junior technical school, middleton, steane, white flat, white flat improvement committee, wireless club, ripper, calder. whitla, jeffrey, ballarat school of mines, albert steane, w. middleton, r.v. maddison, w. trendle, c. whitla, william h. clarke, george dimsey, lancelot g. chegurni, w. hill, student statistics, a.e. potter, ana, a.j. reid, a.c. miller, charles jeffery, library, scholarships, victor cole, alan snell, raymond gleeson, william cooper, kenneth smith, kenneth williams, c. jeffery, r. cutter -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Ballarat School of Mines Herald Shield Football Squad, 1984
The Ballarat School of Mines is the oldest school of mines in AustralasiaThe Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) Australian Rules Football team pose with their coach. They were the green and gold colours of the School. The photograph appears to be taken at the White Flat Oval. Standing left to right: R. Smith, A. Wren, N. Leonard, D. Patmore, G. James, D. Haintz, M. Fox (Runner) Seated left to right: D. Hunt, C. Robe, A. Panther, (Captain), Colin McCurry (Coach), S. Hunt (Vice-Captain, B. Squires, T. Stownix. Front: P. Drever Absent: C. Bowes, D. Conroy, C. Cushion, K. Dunn. T. Evans, N. Frka, W. Gordon, D. Hubble, J. Jeffries, S. Rewell, A Scott, M. Simpson, G. Toohey, R. Roohey. The 1984 results were: SMB 19-14-128 defeated Ballarat North Tech 6-3-45 SMB 16-11-107 defeated Sebastopol Tech 6-8-50 SMB 4-2-26 defeated by Camperdown Regional college 14-9-93 ballarat school of mines, football, australian rules footballl, herald shield, mccurry, colin mccurry, r. smith, a. wren, n. leonard, d. patmore, g. james, d. haintz, m. fox (runner), c. robe, a. panther, (captain), colin mccurry (coach), s. hunt (vice-captain, b. squires, d. conroy, c. cushion, n. frka, w. gordon, d. hubble, j. jeffries, s. rewell, a scott, m. simpson, g. toohey, r. roohey., d. hunt, c. bowes, k. dunn, t. evans, n. frika, t. stownix, p. drever -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White, Frank Wright, Sarah Wright at 'Laura Villa', Smeaton, 1928, 1923
Sarah Wright was married to a gold miner named William. They lived at Laura Villa, Smeaton. Their family won many singing and instrumental awards. Frank Wright their son was born and attended Smeaton State School and was a renown resident of Smeaton. Frank was tutored by Percy Code and was awarded a gold medal for the highest marks in the ALCM examinations in the British Colonies at the age of seventeen years. He became the Australian Open Cornet Champion by the age of eighteen. A year later, Frank conducted the City of Ballarat Band, and later the Ballarat Soldiers’ Memorial Band. He formed the Frank Wright Frisco Band and Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra. These bands won many South Street awards, and Frank as conductor won many awards in the Australian Band Championship contest. In 1933 Frank Wright sailed to England to conduct the famous St Hilda’s Band and was later appointed Musical Director of the London County Council, where he organized many amazing concerts in parks, in and around the London district. He was made Professor of Brass and Military Band Scoring and conducted at the Guildhall of Music and Drama. Frank was often invited to adjudicate Brass Band Championships around Europe, in Australia, including South Street and in New Zealand. The Frank Wright Medal at the Royal South Street competition is awarded to an individual recognized as making an outstanding contribution to brass music in Australia.Black and white photograph of a woman in a long dark skirt and white blouse standing in front of steps leading to the verandah of a weatherboard cottage. The woman is Sarah Wright and the cottage is Laura Villa, SmeatonWritten in pen on the back - Mrs W. Wright, "Laura Villa", Smeaton, March 1923, F.W.sarah wright, frank wright, cornet, smeaton, laura villa -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklets, Melbourne Movie Club
Mirrabooka means Southern Cross. The Melbourne Movie Club was established for those interested in Moving Pictures and all its branches. 'A place to go to spend a few leisure hours, a select dance, parties, picnics, amusements, to learn the art of picture acting and make up, to take part in the Company's productions, dramatic art, to have a jolly good time, etc.' The Melbourne Movie Club has a spacious premises at 184 Exhibition Street, Melbourne, with a floor space of 10,000 square feet, where scenes and sets were erected for the use of Club Members. The Club had full moving picture producing equipment such as big light plant, stage effects, scenery, and cameras. The Melbourne Movie Club saw themselves ad the nursery and basis for a National Film Industry. .1) The secretary was Burnard W. Morey (AICA), the director was L. Morton, and the Managing director of Mirrabooka Films was James Weston. .2) The Managing Director was Louis Morton, the director was Ivan Morton, the Manager Robert Spencer and the organiser and Producer was W. Winford.Two booklets relating to the Melbourne Movie Club. .1) Eight page white booklet of the Melbourne Movie Club - The Mirrabooka Films Pty Ltd. The booklet discusses the place of film in Australia. .2) Eight page pink booklet of the Melbourne Movie Club.melbourne movie club, movie, theatre, james weston, mirrabooka, mirrabooka films, burnard morey -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book - Souvenir, Ballarat Progress Association, Beautiful Ballarat, 1914
Beautiful Ballarat was produced for tourists to Ballarat.Eighty six page book with soft brown cover. The book includes some historical articles and a number of black and white images and advertisements. Includes map insert.ballarat, eureka stockade, gold discovery, rowlands, lydiard street, ballarat post office, ballarat town hall, ballarat woollen mils, sunnyside woollen mill, ballarat east town hall, ronaldson bros and tippett, railway, lake wendouree, rolfe, ballarat botanical gardens, mining, new imperial gold mine, ballarat art gallery, schools, education, ballarat school of mines, ymca, provincial hotel, ballarat grammar school, rolfe cycles, cycles, bicycles, buninyong godld discovery obelisk, j.a. reynolds, w. brown and co, motor cycle, carlyon's hotel, charles morris furnishing undertaker, newlyn reservoir, y.m.c.a., unicorn hotel, golden city hotel, st andrew's kirk, george hotel, ballarat agricultural high school, st patrick's college, ballarat college, h. francis chemist, south street competitions, boer war memorial, fernery, reid's coffee palace, trout, carey motor company, herbert rolfe -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Richards & Co, Photo, Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra, 1) Nov 25th 1926, .2) 1926, .3) October 1925
Frank Wright was a renown resident of Smeaton, where he was born. He lived at Laura Villa, and attended Smeaton State School. His father William was a gold miner and his mother's name was Sarah. Their family won many singing and instrumental awards. Frank was tutored by Percy Code and became the Australian Open Cornet Champion by the age of eighteen. A year later, Frank conducted the City of Ballarat Band, and later the Ballarat Soldiers’ Memorial Band. He formed the Frank Wright Frisco Band and Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra. These bands won many South Street awards, and Frank as conductor won many awards in the Australian Band Championship contest. In 1933 Frank Wright sailed to England to conduct the famous St Hilda’s Band and was later appointed Musical Director of the London County Council, where he organized many amazing concerts in parks, in and around the London district. He was made Professor of Brass and Military Band Scoring and conducted at the Guildhall of Music and Drama. Frank was often invited to adjudicate Brass Band Championships around Europe, in Australia, including South Street and in New Zealand. The Frank Wright Medal at the Royal South Street competition is awarded to an individual recognized as making an outstanding contribution to brass music in Australia..1) black and white photograph of six men dressed in formal attire - one standing beside a double bass, one holding a violin, one holding a trumpet, one seated in front of a piano, one holding a clarinet, and one standing behind a xylophone. They are situated in the Ballarat Town Hall's A Hall. Frank Wright (cornet), Roy Ogilvey (piano), E.L. Bentley (violin), C. Mills (clarionet), William Morris (Bass), T. McManamny (drums). .2) sepia photograph of six men dressed in formal attire - one standing beside a double bass, one holding a violin, one holding a trumpet, one seated in front of a piano, one holding a clarinet, and one standing behind a xylophone. They are situated in the Ballarat Town Hall's A Hall. .3) sepia photograph of seven men dressed in formal attire - one holding a flute, two holding cornets, one holding a violin, one seated in front of a piano, one holding a clarinet and one holding drum sticks. They are situated in front of a backdrop of a large painting and curtains at the Coliseum, Ballarat. .4) black and white photograph of six men dressed in formal attire - one is steated holding a clarinet, with two banjos and other clarinets on the floor in front, another is seated holding a violin. Both have saxophones on their knees. Another man is standing holding a trombone, one is seated in front of a piano, one is holding a cornet, and one is standing behind a xylophone with drum kit beside. They are situated in the Ballarat Town Hall's A Hall. .1) on back - Richards & Co, Photo, Ballarat, Post Card, Kodak Australia; handwritten - "Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra", Left to Right - W. Morris Bass, E. Bentley Violin, Frank Wright Trumpet - MD, Roy Ogilvie Piano, C. Mills Clarinet, T. McMannamy Drums, Taken City Hall Nov 25th 1926 .2) on front - City Hall-Ballarat,1926 .3) on front - Coliseum-Ballarat, October 1925, on back - Richards & Co, Photo, Ballarat .4) on back - Richards & Co., Photographers, Ballarat, Proofs not returned charged for; handwritten - Ballarat Town Hall, probably Coliseum Orchestra?frank wright, coliseum orchestra, city hall ballarat, cornet, piano, clarinet, banjo, violin, xylophone, trombone, drums, w. morris, e. bentley, roy ogilvie, c. mills, t. mcmannamy, ballarat town hall, ballarat town hall interior, "a" hall -
Federation University Historical Collection
Postcard, Picnic in the Auckland district, New Zealand, 1910
Frank Wright was a renown resident of Smeaton, where he was born. He lived at Laura Villa, and attended Smeaton State School. His father William was a gold miner and his mother's name was Sarah. Their family won many singing and instrumental awards. Frank was tutored by Percy Code and became the Australian Open Cornet Champion by the age of eighteen. A year later, Frank conducted the City of Ballarat Band, and later the Ballarat Soldiers’ Memorial Band. He formed the Frank Wright Frisco Band and Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra. These bands won many South Street awards, and Frank as conductor won many awards in the Australian Band Championship contest. In 1933 Frank Wright sailed to England to conduct the famous St Hilda’s Band and was later appointed Musical Director of the London County Council, where he organized many amazing concerts in parks, in and around the London district. He was made Professor of Brass and Military Band Scoring and conducted at the Guildhall of Music and Drama. Frank was often invited to adjudicate Brass Band Championships around Europe, in Australia, including South Street and in New Zealand. The Frank Wright Medal at the Royal South Street competition is awarded to an individual recognized as making an outstanding contribution to brass music in Australia.A sepia photograph showing a group of women and two children seated on the grass with picnic baskets open. Two wicker prams are behind the group. The three women named are Mrs W. Wright, Mrs C. Cane and Mrs W.G. WrightFront face of photograph written in white - "Snaps.", Auch.1R.R.10, R34; in pen - 0, X and a crossed 0. On the back - Printed - New Zealand Post Card; Hand written - Mrs W.Wright (Marked with a X) snapped during a 6 months holiday in New Zealand 1910. Mrs C. Cane marked with a 0, Mrs W.G. Wright (jn) marked with a crossed 0frank wright, mrs w wright, cane, pram, picnic, new zealand