Colour photograph of staff of State Electricity Commission named are Murray Woodhouse, Ken Riddler, Neil and Ian McKenna, Joan Mitchelson, Johnny McGann, Brian Kelly, Ron Guy, Tommy Lancaster, Norm Gray, George Holding District Manager after a Christmas barbeque behind the SEC 347 Esplanade Lakes Entrance Victoriabusinesses

Printed form dated July 11 1877 from H. L. Atkinson, Court Surgeon naming Members who came under his care during the past fortnight and those declared off the funds. Readable names are: C Weifs, Dowset, Pohl, D Herbert,. Signed by H. Atkinson. Form printed by J. Brockley, Printer, Stationer, & c, Williamson Street, Sandhurst.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, c weifs, dowset, pohl, d herbert

Professor Ferdinand Krause lectered at the Ballarat School of Mines from 1880-1995. His descendant returned to Ballarat, visiting the new campus at Mt Helen. The information on this photograph was provided by E.J. Tippett. There is a possibility the subjects of the photo are descendants of Herbert Krause.Descendants of Prof. F.M. Krause stand in front of a battery stamper that had been used at the Ballarat School of Mines, and transferred to Mt Helen around 1969. The construction of the first buildings of the new Mt Helen campus are evident in the background. Prof Krause's son stand 2nd from the right, Phil Day is second from the left.ballarat institute of advanced education, fm krause, mount helen, ej tippett, herbert krause, derek krause

The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC) was an Australian aircraft manufacturer. The CAC was established in 1936, to provide Australia with the capability to produce military aircraft and engines. This staff photograph was taken circa 1942. Greensborough local Joan Petts (b1923) can be seen far right.Digital copy of group photograph.commonwealth aircraft corporation, joan petts

Back Row: Janet Tyler, Joan White, Paula White or Patty Barnett, Lois Denholm, Mary Wilson. Front Row: Jessie Clark, Mrs Agnes Wilson, Mrs CCaptain Denholm, Elieen Esky, Thelma White, Mrs Gwen Reeve.Two rows of eleven Girls & Women holding Tambourines in front of weatherboard House wall.Timbrel Bigade Opening of Wimmera Street Quartersreligion

The names of five of the children in the photograph were supplied by Betty Munro after viewing the image on Victorian Collections. L - R: unknown boy, Cynthia Ramage, Betty Munro, Marion Moorby, Frances Barton (nickname 'Bubbles'), Joan Wenborn, unknown boy.Copy of a photograph showing children from Mt Dandenong State School at an ANZAC Commemoration at the school in 1952. There are four girls and three boys standing behind the School WW1 Honour Board that is surrounded by wreaths of flowers.On front of photograph: ANZAC DAY 1952 MOUNT DANDENONG STATE SCHOOL NO: 3284mt dandenong school, anzac, honour board, mt dandenong, mount dandenong

The back page of the programme includes details of previous productions: 1950 - The Resignation of Mr. Bagsworth, The Shirt, 1951 - Richard of Bordeaux, 1952 - Ned Kelly, 1953 - Saint Joan, 1954 - Treasure Island 1955 - Toad of Toad Hall, and 1956 School for Scandal.The Kew Recreation Hall (Wellington Street) and later the Kew City Hall (Cotham Road) were major locations in suburban Melbourne in the postwar period for civic and private events including theatre productions and exhibitions. The Arthur Dear Collection (in conjunction with the scrapbooks compiled by Marion Tilley) provide a comprehensive snapshot of performing arts in Kew during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. The collection includes valuable data about performances, performers, directors etc., during this period. Theatre programme for a production of Our Town by the Camberwell Grammar School Dramatic Society. The 4-page programme includes a cast list and information about supernumeraries. arthur dear collection, theatre memorabilia, theatre programmes, camberwell grammar school dramatic society

The article tells of Bert West's discovery of the Little (Fairy) Penguin in his youth and with his two friends, Herbert Denham and Albert Watchorn, decided to introduce the penguins to the public. Visitors would be taken by hire car to Summerlands Beach to view the penguins coming in at dusk. At that time people would sit on the sand amongst the penguins as they waddled up the beach. Of course nowadays a large Centre caters for 3 to 4000 visitors during the summertime and also during the rest of the year. A new building is to be erected in 2017/18 in order to move further back from the nesting sites. (Names are incorrect in the article - should be Bernard Denham and Herbert Watchorn.)A newspaper item on Bert West, published in the Frankston Standard on the 19th February 1991. The article is about Bert West's time as Wildlife Officer at the Penguin Parade which he started many years ago.bert west, wildlife - penguins, frankston standard newspaper, helen swaine

These are photographs of students who participated in The Orbost High School Swimming Carnival in 1939. 3181.1 is of the winners in the Senior Breast Stroke. Included are R. Russell (3rd place); P. Gall (2nd place) and B. Russell (1st place). 3181.2 is of the winners of the Junior Dive. In the photograph are: Ray Russell (1st); Dot Lynn (2nd). 3181.3 has five girls who were members of Rowe A Team, the winning bteam. The girls are: M. Robinson; Ray Robinson; M. Herbert; P. Gall; Nance Gilbert. 3181.4 is of three place-getters in the Junior Freestyle. They were: Marion Herbert (1st); Annette D, (2nd) and Ray Russell (3rd)Orbost High School / Orbost Secondary College has played a significant part in the education of senior students in the Orbost district . It is the sole senior educational institution. These photographs are representative of its history.Four small black / white photographs of girls wearing swimming costumes. orbost-high-school swimming school-sports recreation-swimming

Herbert Joseph Chambers was born in 1912 in Clifton Hill, Victoria. Later he was to live in Clark and Charles Streets in Northcote, in South Caulfield, and finally in Mentone. While he may have worked at the Kew Asylum before 1945, that year was when he was presented with a Certificate issued by the Department of Mental Hygiene (Victoria) declaring that he had completed training and passed the examinations required to work as a 'Mental Attendant’. The document is dated 19th December 1945 and signed by the Director of the Department and by the Co-Examiners. From at least 1945, he was to work as a member of the male staff of the Asylum, mainly in the Refractory Ward. A donor gifted to the Kew Historical Society in February 2019 a number of items collected by Herbert Chambers in his work at the Asylum. These include his Certificate of Registration, a photograph taken of him with two colleagues at Circular Quay in Sydney, a notebook containing ‘SP’ betting records of male asylum staff, and five sketchbooks with artwork created by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Asylum. Herbert Chambers’ period of employment at the Kew Asylum coincided with the employment of the English psychiatrist Dr Eric Cunningham Dax (1908-2008) as Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Authority in 1952. Dr Dax introduced an art therapy program into Victorian psychiatric hospitals, including Kew, where it is likely that the five sketchbooks were created. The sketchbooks are believed to have been presented to Chambers by ***** as a “gift for looking after him”. Herbert Chambers retired from the Kew Asylum in c.1970 after working there for almost thirty years.The Kew Historical Society has been the recipient of a number of important collections relating to the Kew Mental Hospital and the Children's Cottages, Kew, including their former incarnations. This is an important donation in this context as it includes five sketchbooks by a patient in an art therapy program at the Hospital. Art therapy programs were introduced by Dr Eric Cunningham Dax to Victorian asylums in the 1950s. The sketchbooks contain incomplete drawings and finished artworks. The donor believes that the patient who created the sketchbooks suffered from Schizophrenia. The sketchbooks are historically significant as representative examples of works created by patients in the program and for what they reveal about how mental illness may be manifested in a patient's artworks. The most significant repository of comparable works is held by the Dax Centre at Melbourne University.One of five sketchbooks with illustrations by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Kew Mental Hospital in an art therapy program, during the 1950s or 1960s. No work is dated although a number of the drawings/paintings are signed with the artist's name. art therapy, kew mental hospital, herbert joseph chambers, dr eric cunningham dax

Herbert Joseph Chambers was born in 1912 in Clifton Hill, Victoria. Later he was to live in Clark and Charles Streets in Northcote, in South Caulfield, and finally in Mentone. While he may have worked at the Kew Asylum before 1945, that year was when he was presented with a Certificate issued by the Department of Mental Hygiene (Victoria) declaring that he had completed training and passed the examinations required to work as a 'Mental Attendant’. The document is dated 19th December 1945 and signed by the Director of the Department and by the Co-Examiners. From at least 1945, he was to work as a member of the male staff of the Asylum, mainly in the Refractory Ward. A donor gifted to the Kew Historical Society in February 2019 a number of items collected by Herbert Chambers in his work at the Asylum. These include his Certificate of Registration, a photograph taken of him with two colleagues at Circular Quay in Sydney, a notebook containing ‘SP’ betting records of male asylum staff, and five sketchbooks with artwork created by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Asylum. Herbert Chambers’ period of employment at the Kew Asylum coincided with the employment of the English psychiatrist Dr Eric Cunningham Dax (1908-2008) as Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Authority in 1952. Dr Dax introduced an art therapy program into Victorian psychiatric hospitals, including Kew, where it is likely that the five sketchbooks were created. The sketchbooks are believed to have been presented to Chambers by **** as a “gift for looking after him”. Herbert Chambers retired from the Kew Asylum in c.1970 after working there for almost thirty years.The Kew Historical Society has been the recipient of a number of important collections relating to the Kew Mental Hospital and the Children's Cottages, Kew, including their former incarnations. This is an important donation in this context as it includes five sketchbooks by a patient in an art therapy program at the Hospital. Art therapy programs were introduced by Dr Eric Cunningham Dax to Victorian asylums in the 1950s. The sketchbooks contain incomplete drawings and finished artworks. The donor believes that the patient who created the sketchbooks suffered from Schizophrenia. The sketchbooks are historically significant as representative examples of works created by patients in the program and for what they reveal about how mental illness may be manifested in a patient's artworks. The most significant repository of comparable works is held by the Dax Centre at Melbourne University.One of five sketchbooks with illustrations by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Kew Mental Hospital in an art therapy program, during the 1950s or 1960s. No work is dated although a number of the drawings/paintings are signed with the artist's name. art therapy, kew mental hospital, herbert joseph chambers, dr eric cunningham dax

Herbert Joseph Chambers was born in 1912 in Clifton Hill, Victoria. Later he was to live in Clark and Charles Streets in Northcote, in South Caulfield, and finally in Mentone. While he may have worked at the Kew Asylum before 1945, that year was when he was presented with a Certificate issued by the Department of Mental Hygiene (Victoria) declaring that he had completed training and passed the examinations required to work as a 'Mental Attendant’. The document is dated 19th December 1945 and signed by the Director of the Department and by the Co-Examiners. From at least 1945, he was to work as a member of the male staff of the Asylum, mainly in the Refractory Ward. A donor gifted to the Kew Historical Society in February 2019 a number of items collected by Herbert Chambers in his work at the Asylum. These include his Certificate of Registration, a photograph taken of him with two colleagues at Circular Quay in Sydney, a notebook containing ‘SP’ betting records of male asylum staff, and five sketchbooks with artwork created by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Asylum. Herbert Chambers’ period of employment at the Kew Asylum coincided with the employment of the English psychiatrist Dr Eric Cunningham Dax (1908-2008) as Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Authority in 1952. Dr Dax introduced an art therapy program into Victorian psychiatric hospitals, including Kew, where it is likely that the five sketchbooks were created. The sketchbooks are believed to have been presented to Chambers by ***** as a “gift for looking after him”. Herbert Chambers retired from the Kew Asylum in c.1970 after working there for almost thirty years.The Kew Historical Society has been the recipient of a number of important collections relating to the Kew Mental Hospital and the Children's Cottages, Kew, including their former incarnations. This is an important donation in this context as it includes five sketchbooks by a patient in an art therapy program at the Hospital. Art therapy programs were introduced by Dr Eric Cunningham Dax to Victorian asylums in the 1950s. The sketchbooks contain incomplete drawings and finished artworks. The donor believes that the patient who created the sketchbooks suffered from Schizophrenia. The sketchbooks are historically significant as representative examples of works created by patients in the program and for what they reveal about how mental illness may be manifested in a patient's artworks. The most significant repository of comparable works is held by the Dax Centre at Melbourne University.One of five sketchbooks with illustrations by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Kew Mental Hospital in an art therapy program, during the 1950s or 1960s. No work is dated although a number of the drawings/paintings are signed with the artist's name. art therapy, kew mental hospital, herbert joseph chambers, dr eric cunningham dax

Herbert Joseph Chambers was born in 1912 in Clifton Hill, Victoria. Later he was to live in Clark and Charles Streets in Northcote, in South Caulfield, and finally in Mentone. While he may have worked at the Kew Asylum before 1945, that year was when he was presented with a Certificate issued by the Department of Mental Hygiene (Victoria) declaring that he had completed training and passed the examinations required to work as a 'Mental Attendant’. The document is dated 19th December 1945 and signed by the Director of the Department and by the Co-Examiners. From at least 1945, he was to work as a member of the male staff of the Asylum, mainly in the Refractory Ward. A donor gifted to the Kew Historical Society in February 2019 a number of items collected by Herbert Chambers in his work at the Asylum. These include his Certificate of Registration, a photograph taken of him with two colleagues at Circular Quay in Sydney, a notebook containing ‘SP’ betting records of male asylum staff, and five sketchbooks with artwork created by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Asylum. Herbert Chambers’ period of employment at the Kew Asylum coincided with the employment of the English psychiatrist Dr Eric Cunningham Dax (1908-2008) as Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Authority in 1952. Dr Dax introduced an art therapy program into Victorian psychiatric hospitals, including Kew, where it is likely that the five sketchbooks were created. The sketchbooks are believed to have been presented to Chambers by ***** as a “gift for looking after him”. Herbert Chambers retired from the Kew Asylum in c.1970 after working there for almost thirty years.The Kew Historical Society has been the recipient of a number of important collections relating to the Kew Mental Hospital and the Children's Cottages, Kew, including their former incarnations. This is an important donation in this context as it includes five sketchbooks by a patient in an art therapy program at the Hospital. Art therapy programs were introduced by Dr Eric Cunningham Dax to Victorian asylums in the 1950s. The sketchbooks contain incomplete drawings and finished artworks. The donor believes that the patient who created the sketchbooks suffered from Schizophrenia. The sketchbooks are historically significant as representative examples of works created by patients in the program and for what they reveal about how mental illness may be manifested in a patient's artworks. The most significant repository of comparable works is held by the Dax Centre at Melbourne University.One of five sketchbooks with illustrations by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Kew Mental Hospital in an art therapy program, during the 1950s or 1960s. No work is dated although a number of the drawings/paintings are signed with the artist's name. art therapy, kew mental hospital, herbert joseph chambers, dr eric cunningham dax

Herbert Joseph Chambers was born in 1912 in Clifton Hill, Victoria. Later he was to live in Clark and Charles Streets in Northcote, in South Caulfield, and finally in Mentone. While he may have worked at the Kew Asylum before 1945, that year was when he was presented with a Certificate issued by the Department of Mental Hygiene (Victoria) declaring that he had completed training and passed the examinations required to work as a 'Mental Attendant’. The document is dated 19th December 1945 and signed by the Director of the Department and by the Co-Examiners. From at least 1945, he was to work as a member of the male staff of the Asylum, mainly in the Refractory Ward. A donor gifted to the Kew Historical Society in February 2019 a number of items collected by Herbert Chambers in his work at the Asylum. These include his Certificate of Registration, a photograph taken of him with two colleagues at Circular Quay in Sydney, a notebook containing ‘SP’ betting records of male asylum staff, and five sketchbooks with artwork created by Kenneth Bailey, a patient of the Asylum. Herbert Chambers’ period of employment at the Kew Asylum coincided with the employment of the English psychiatrist Dr Eric Cunningham Dax (1908-2008) as Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Authority in 1952. Dr Dax introduced an art therapy program into Victorian psychiatric hospitals, including Kew, where it is likely that the five sketchbooks were created. The sketchbooks are believed to have been presented to Chambers by **** as a “gift for looking after him”. Herbert Chambers retired from the Kew Asylum in c.1970 after working there for almost thirty years.The Kew Historical Society has been the recipient of a number of important collections relating to the Kew Mental Hospital and the Children's Cottages, Kew, including their former incarnations. This is an important donation in this context as it includes five sketchbooks by a patient in an art therapy program at the Hospital. Art therapy programs were introduced by Dr Eric Cunningham Dax to Victorian asylums in the 1950s. The sketchbooks contain incomplete drawings and finished artworks. The donor believes that the patient who created the sketchbooks suffered from Schizophrenia. The sketchbooks are historically significant as representative examples of works created by patients in the program and for what they reveal about how mental illness may be manifested in a patient's artworks. The most significant repository of comparable works is held by the Dax Centre at Melbourne University.One of five sketchbooks with illustrations by ******, a patient of the Kew Mental Hospital in an art therapy program, during the 1950s or 1960s. No work is dated although a number of the drawings/paintings are signed with the artist's name. art therapy, kew mental hospital, herbert joseph chambers, dr eric cunningham dax

Framed photograph of Thomas Henderson (Officer). Upper body facing forwardOn back of frame "Photo Mrs Joan Hope HENDERSON" On the back "Thomas Hope HENDERSON 1833-1899 Captain commanding Sandhurst Troop PW VV Light Horse 28/04/1888"photography - photographs, frame accessories, sandhurst troop

Born at Drouin on 2 April 1923. Her Record of Conduct and Service describes her as being 5' 6¼" tall and weighing 10 stone, 3lb., with brown eyes and hair and a fair complexion. She was a factory hand before joining the police force and has also served as a cook with the WRAAF. She served at Russell Street and Geelong and was also seconded to the Crown Law Department at the Fair Rents Board as an investigator. A photograph of Olive with an abandoned baby appeared in the Sun News Pictorial on 30 March 1960. Olive retired on 1 April 1983, having reached retirement age.Two police women talking to a man in an arched entrance. Olive Phillips is in the centre'Taken when at Russell St - possibly late 1960s for some press affair - so not "fair dinkum" suspect P/W Piper - Olive Phillips Joan McShanag' (Blue pen on rear)police women, phillips, olive joyce 10742, russell street, police woman, policewomen, policewoman

In 1958 the Ballarat Teachers' College moved to a new site in Gillies Street. The 1958 Students' Representative Council were M. Hines, B. Rickard, D. Eldridge, N. Turnball, B. English, K. O'Neill, P. Burgess, M. Almeida, ed Doney, J. Rae, P. Wise, W. Crocker. The 1958 staff were J. Bourke, A. Linton, Ed Doney, S. McKaskill, Howard Pattenden, D. Chandler, A. Stafford, Bob Croft, Arch Cuthbertson, R. Reed, A. Sonsee, J. Lacy, F. Ryan, C. Rodger, Mary Egan, J. Hill, Tom Turner, Mavis Canty, J. Blair, E. Walpole, Monica MillerSoft covered booklet of 48 pages. Articles include: Teaching Rounds, Art and Craft, Victoria Street Hostel, Gillies Street Hostel, Grampians Trip, Camp St Hostel Beaufort House, Spring is Spring, A Windy Night, What are Sculptors? Photographs include: Aerial photograph of the new college in Gillies Street, Students' Representative Council, staff photo, class photosSigned on frank cover 'Margaret Brown'. Signed in back 'Verna Rogers Natimuk' "Lorna G. Anderson Gold House Riddells B.T.C. 1958" "E. Joan Bates Lakeside Murtoa Vic"ballarat teachers' college, kevin o'neill, barry withers, v. la franchi, john teschendorr, victoria street hostel, student residences, gillies street hostel, beaufort house, sturt street hostel, camp street hostel, lois hayne, verna rogers, joan bates, lorna anderson, margaret brown, gillies street campus, tom turner, p.r. burgess, bob croft, howard pattenden, alan sonsee, mavis canty, mary egan, jack roach, w.h. ellwood prize, michael long, kevin o'neil, grampians excursion

The copy of this book is from the first publication and is rare. The book is set in the Yarra Ranges area with the characters based on local people. THe donors childhood pet dog "Chad" featured as a character in the book in chapter 12 p. 87. The daughter of the owner of Debbie, Patricia Reed (nee McKenzie) lives in South Belgrave. The story of Debbie mothering a kangaroo is based on a true story. The donor also advised that this remarkable dog also rescued and looked after a cat. 126 page hard covered children's fiction book titled "A Dog Called Debbie". Front cover depicts a black and white dog mothering a kangaroo, on a green background. The back cover features an excerpt from the forward by A. R. Chisholm, OBE Hon. D. Litt, Professor Emeritus and an illustration of the dog and Kangaroo playing. Inside front cover, first page, handwritten in ink:"from Nan" / Daughter of "Joan" and "Jason" / ( Mavis Jean and Pat McKenzie) / Patricia McKenzie Reed / And from Jim Johnson / owner of Chad. australian wildlife, 1970's

Invitation to a Mass of Thanksgiving in connection with the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of St Columba's Church, Elwood, on 9 December 1979. The St Columba Church and school is on the corner of Glenhuntly Road and Normandy Road, Elwood. The land was purchased in 1914. The school was built and opened first in 1918 and the church was completed and opened in 1929. The church is now part of the Catholic Parish of Sacred Heart and St Columba, serving St Kilda and Elwood communities.White card, discoloured with age, printed in blue on one side. Handwriting on both sides, in blue and blackHandwriting on back in black: Dearest Joan, This is our warm invitation, do hope you can come Mary. Handwriting on back in blue: Please come to the "Back to" in Parish Hall after Mass.churches, st columba's church, elwood

Black and white photograph - Teachers, 1971."Attached to photograph" Back Row- L to R: Leslie Emerson, Joy Leslie, Amy Douglas, Martha Celnar, Gwen Whitney, Ann Jacobs, Joan Mathey, Isobel Marshall, Maureen Keogh, Jennifer Molders. Front Row- L to R: Baden Chadwick, Bernadette Martyn, Rae Jacobsen, Jeanette Parks, Alex Enterkin, Miss O'Toole, Randall Smith, Jean Watson, Joan Hallett, Anne Schneider, John Roach.

John Tomlinson was the eldest son of Arthur James and Jessie Tomlinson who selected land at Tabbara in 1887. He worked in Temple's , the Herbert's store and for the Butter Factory until beginning his own business in 1906. He remained in business until 1933.A round metal tray with decorated edge. It is an engraved advertisement for J.S. Tomlinson.advertisement tomlinson commerce-orbost

Doug Orford situated at lower left front. Names of people identified: Back Row (standing) L-R: - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , Sidney Waples, Bill Fordham, - , 4th Row (standing) L-R: - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , Fay Moat , 3rd Row (standing) L-R: - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , Roma Moat , - , - , - , - , 2nd Row (kneeling) L-R: - , - , Joan Crick, Betty Bradford, - , - , Joan Bradford, Pat Dosser, - , - , - , - , - , Front row (seated) L-R: Doug Orford, Lindsay McColl, Ron Orford, Frank Fordham, Thomas White, - , - , David Dosser, - Murray Rains, - , Sidney Waples' father was killed by a Lyons bus during the war whilst walking along the footpath at evening time. He was not seen due to the blackout of lights.Roll of 35mm colour negative film, 3 strips Associated print from negative (Copy of original print)Fuji 100eltham primary school, state school no. 209, eltham state school, eltham state school no. 209, betty bradford, bill fordham, david dosser, doug orford, fay moat, frank fordham, joan bradford, joan crick, lindsay mccoll, murray rains, pat dosser, roma moat, ron orford, sidney waples, thomas white

Joan Thompson, wife Lindsay Thompson, Minister for Education, shakes hands at the opening of the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education. John Milton-Smith (glasses - Dean Gippsland Institute of Education (GIAE) Business and Arts), far left C. Head of School Visual Arts, Lindsay Thomson, 3rd from the right , 2nd from right Sen J. Carrickgippsland campus collection, john milton-smith, lindsay thompson, joan thomson

black cover exercise book, with handwritten text. Title on front page ' Bendigo, the City Built on Gold' Inscribed on front cover, 'Joan Richardson, 29 Harrison Street, Bendigo, Victoria, International Correspondence Schools, Nurses Entrance' Partially filled exercise book, 23cm H x 18 cm W,contains student notes for a reportA. Richardsonbendigo, history, gold mining, bendigo, history, goldmining, central deborah mine