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Melbourne Tram Museum
Map, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Tramway Map of Melbourne and Suburbs", c1939
Folded map (4 x 2) by Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board, c1939, of Melbourne tramways, showing tram routes (cable, electric and VR), bus routes, railway lines, major points of interest and major streets. No printing or information on the rear. Once part of another document with remnants of glue on the rear top left hand edge. See Reg Item 801 for a 1927c map.trams, tramways, map, mmtb, vr, cable trams -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Lee A Ratten, c1940?
Black and white photograph of VR tram 34 in Brighton VR tramcar 34 built at VR Newport Workshops as one of 5 bogie drop centre trams (33-37) and entered service in 1918. Operated by VR on the St Kilda to Brighton broad-gauge line until it was withdrawn in 1959 when the line closed. Tram has the destination of St Kilda Rd. Advertising signs "Robur". On the rear is the photograph stamp of Lee A Ratten of 51 Cotham Road Kew.trams, tramways, vr class tramcars, brighton, st kilda brighton, tram 34 -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Memorabilia - Realia
Numismatics - Victorian Railways Medallion belonging to Frank Baker VR employeestawell -
Parks Victoria - Mount Buffalo Chalet
Teapot
Original Victorian Railways teapot, part of the silver service at Mt Buffalo Chalet. Part of Victorian Railways silver service. When the Victorian railways took over management of the Chalet from 1 October 1924, they ran their dining room and café in similar fashion to the dining cars on their trains and refreshment rooms on their stations, using the same ceramic hotel-ware and electro plated nickel silverware (EPNS), all made to order items that are clearly identified by the distinctive 'VR' monogram. The Chalet retains a good selection of the diverse range of EPNS item formerly used in the dining room..- which in all their variety and function help to interpret the dining room protocols of the 'tourist house' and the service provided by the Victorian Railways refreshment and Services Branch. Many of the items were manufactured by Stoke & Sons of Melbourne (est. 1856.)' (Pg. 103. Historica) Possibly once graced the chrome display cabinet.Listed in Draft Inventory of Significant Collection items. Appendix A.3.Tableware. (Pg 166 Historica).Large electroplated teapot with "VR" engraved on one side. Handle features holes at base either end of join. Lid features a circular knob and scroll handle at front with a wooden insert. Teapot has flat wide circular base."EPNSSRS / MADE IN AUSTRALIA / STOKES & SONS / MELBOURNE / BOOMERANG PLATE / WARRANTED / HARD SOLDERED / 745 / VICTORIAN RAILWAYS" -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Geoff Grant, 19/06/1955 12:00:00 AM
A set of seven 2 1/4" square photographs mounted onto a sheet of manila cardboard - contact prints of each negative. Numbered from left to right, top to bottom are: 478.1 - VR Tram No. 51 running on Sandringham Route - 12/55 (Negative No. 370) - see also Reg Item 3622 for the same location and tram. 478.2 -VR tram No. 50 outside Sandringham Stn - side view 12/55 (Negative No. 371) 478.3 - VR tram No. 50 outside Sandringham Stn - 3/4 view 12/55 (Negative No. 372) - see also Reg Item 3621 for a colour print of this image. 478.4 - View of Sandringham tram depot, two door short bus on right (Negative No. 373) 478.5 - M&MTB 1033, Nth Fitzroy - AETA tour - (see Reg No. 490 and item 1620.1 for negative) 478.6 - M&MTB 1033 at East Brunswick (see Reg No. 489 also and item 1620.2 for negative) 476.7 - M&MTB 1033 at Bourke St terminus, AETA tour - 7/4/1956. (See item 1620.3 for negative) . hi res scan made and image updated 23/5/2020 for negatives where held and other images rescanned at higher resolution 12/12/2020. Image btm478i is of the overall card.trams, tramways, vr, sandringham, aeta tour , tram 50. tram 51, tram 1033 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Newspaper, The Sun, "Farewell to Rickety Kate", 29/2/1959
Newspaper Clipping - from The Sun? 29/2/1959 about the closure of the VR Victorian Railways St Kilda - Elwood Depot - (Brighton) tramway the previous morning. Has a photo of driver Frank O'Brien at the controls of the tram 28 with many people hanging onto the tram. Titled "Farewell to Rickety Kate". Most of the cutting has been damaged."Feb 29 1959" along the top edge.trams, tramways, st kilda brighton, elwood depot, closure, victorian railways, vr, tram 28 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Ephemera - Ticket/s, Australian Electric Traction Association (AETA), Miscellaneous tickets and travel dockets, 1993
Set of six replica tickets (two of each except for item 1) for AETA 50th Anniversary Easter 1993 tours .1 - VR St Kilda Brighton 3d - Modern Trams tour - 10/4/1993 .2 - HTT - 5d, Bendigo tram tour 12/4/1993 .3 - MBCTT - 1d, Bellarine tour11/4 or 15/4 1993 - change of date on one sample. .4 - SEC - 10d / 8c ticket for the Ballarat tour 9/4/1983 .5 - VR Motor coach - 50c, Pacific Boulevard to Sandringham - used for the Bylands and Yamgardook tour 14/4/1993. .6 - MMTB - cable tram through fare - 1 1/2d - ASEA Brown Boveri Tour - 8/4/1993.trams, tramways, aeta, htt, vr, tickets, secv, tours, railways -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Book, Carl Segnit, "Please step inside - a nostalgic look at Australian tramways in the 1950's", 2016
Book - 96 pages+ card cover + jacket, perfect bound, portrait format, titled "Please step inside - a nostalgic look at Australian tramways in the 1950's", compiled by Carl Segnit 2016 with photos from Adelaide, Ballarat, Brisbane, Melbourne and the VR system in Melbourne. All photographs by Clive Coram, Kevin Rette and a few by Keith Kings.trams, tramways, melbourne, work trams, mmtb, adelaide, brisbane, ballarat, vr -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Pamphlet, Yarra Trams, "A Century of electric trams - A Melbourne celebration", 2006
Double sided A4 sheet, on plain paper, printed in colour, titled "A Century of electric trams - A Melbourne celebration" looking at the celebration by Yarra Trams of the century of electric trams in Melbourne - particularly the St Kilda Brighton VR line, Sir Thomas Bent, and its closure in 1959. Seven copies held. Has the RSL, Shine of Remembrance, 100 years of trams and Yarra Trams logos.trams, tramways, vr, st kilda brighton, opening, tramcars, centenary, 100 years of electric trams -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Set of two Colour Prints, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), c1973
Colour photograph of tram 1041 crossing under the railway at Royal Park, with a Hitachi silver train passing overhead, front car appears to be 8M. Photograph Official VR / MMTB, c1973, when both vehicles relatively new. Train has destination of Gowrie and 1041, route 55, West Coburg. .1 - 3/4 view of tram with just one carriage of the train in the view. .2 - ditto, but with the whole train in the view.trams, tramways, mmtb, vr, hitachi silver train, 1041, tram 1041 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document, "The Numbering and classification System", mid 1980's?
Digital image of a manuscript (22 pages with some duplicated pages) titled "The Numbering and classification System" giving an explanation on how the various Melbourne trams were given class letters and numbers. Copy of an original document with some edits in blue ink. Covers both the MMTB and VR trams, including those of the tramway trusts. Also has some notes regarding motors, control equipment, compressors and trucks. Prepared mid 1980's?trams, tramways, tramcars, vr, mmtb, class, tramcar acquisition -
Wangaratta Art Gallery
Painting, V. R. Watt, Untitled (Pastoral landscape with river), unknown
Rural City of Wangaratta Collection. Gift of Leslie Morrison. Donated in memory of Bruce Morrison, Shire Engineer.A realistic pastoral landscape, painted in watercolour using a colour palette of green, blue, brown, yellow, and white.Obverse: VR WATT/ (bottom left corner)wangaratta art gallery, v. r. watt, landscape, painting, pastoral -
Wangaratta Art Gallery
Painting, V. R. Watt, Untitled (Pastoral landscape with sheep), unknown
Rural City of Wangaratta Collection. Gift of Leslie Morrison. Donated in memory of Bruce Morrison, Shire Engineer.A realistic pastoral landscape, painted in watercolour using a colour palette of green, blue, brown, yellow, and white.Obverse: VR WATT/ (bottom left corner)wangaratta art gallery, v. r. watt, landscape, pastoral, painting -
Numurkah & District Historical Society
Plan - Plan of Numurkah Railway Station Fire Fighting Equipment
Part of railway collection from closed Numurkah Railway StationWooden Framed Blueprint Plan pasted onto a Masonite backing.VR Numurkah WS and Fire Fighting Equipment -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Lee A Ratten, late 1920's?
Black and white photograph of VR tramcar 42 at Elwood Depot in St Kilda St. VR tramcar 42 built at VR Newport Workshops as one of 4 air brake equipped bogie drop centre trams (40-43) and entered service at Elwood Depot in 1923. Operated by VR on the St Kilda to Brighton broad-gauge line until it was scrapped in 1957. Tramcar 42 operated the last service on the Brighton Beach to Park Street Middle Brighton, on 1 January 1956. Tram has the destination of St Kilda Station. Advertising includes "Blue Label" and "Briquettes"trams, tramways, elwood depot, vr class tramcars, vr photos, vr trams, st kilda brighton, tram 42 -
Puffing Billy Railway
V. R. Krupp 1888. IV. Rail, 1888
60lbs rail that was used throughout the Victorian rail network. In 1887 Gibbs, Bright and Co. had a contract with Victorian Railways for railway and canal construction and supply of Krupp Rails. Gibbs, Bright and Co were merchant bankers and shipping agents and merchants who where also Directors of the GWR ( Great Western Railway ) and the Ship The "Great Britain" in England Gibbs, Bright and Company had principally been involved in shipping and trading, mainly in the West Indies, but following the discovery of gold in Victoria they established an office in Melbourne and soon became one of the leading shipping agents and merchants in the Colony. They expanded into passenger shipping and soon established offices in Brisbane, Sydney, Newcastle, Adelaide and Perth as well as launching passenger services between England, Mauritius and New Zealand. Gibbs, Bright also held a number of financial agencies from British mortgage, finance and investment companies as well as representing several British insurance companies in Australia. In addition they conducted a growing import business as well as an export business that included livestock, dairy produce, wool and flour. Also the company played a substantial part in the development of Australia's mineral resources, starting with lead in 1895, and later venturing into tin, gold, copper, cement and super phosphates. In Australia, after WWI, many of the larger companies were managing their own import and export so Gibbs, Bright and Company tended to focus its Agency business on smaller companies while expanding their interest into other markets such as timber, wire netting, zinc, stevedoring, road transport, marine salvage, gold mining as well as mechanical, structural, electrical and marine engineering. The Company's shipping interests continued to grow as well and still formed a major part of its business. In 1948 the parent company in England took the major step from tradition when they changed the business from a partnership into a private limited company. The name was the same, Antony Gibbs and Sons Limited, and in practice the effect of the change was very little. Some of the firm's branches and departments had already become limited companies and the formation of a parent company simplified the structure. The Australian operation was in time changed to Gibbs Bright & Co Pty Ltd in 1963. In 1848 Alfred Krupp becomes the sole proprietor of the company which from 1850 experiences its first major growth surge. In 1849 his equally talented brother Hermann (1814 - 1879) takes over the hardware factory Metallwarenfabrik in Berndorf near Vienna, which Krupp had established together with Alexander Schöller six years earlier. The factory manufactures cutlery in a rolling process developed by the brothers. Krupp's main products are machinery and machine components made of high-quality cast steel, especially equipment for the railroads, most notably the seamless wheel tire, and from 1859 to an increased extent artillery. To secure raw materials and feedstock for his production, Krupp acquires ore deposits, coal mines and iron works. On Alfred Krupp's death in 1887 the company employs 20,200 people. His great business success is based on the quality of the products, systematic measures to secure sales, the use of new cost-effective steel-making techniques, good organization within the company, and the cultivation of a loyal and highly qualified workforce among other things through an extensive company welfare system. From 1878 August Thyssen starts to get involved in processing the products manufactured by Thyssen & Co., including the fabrication of pipes for gas lines. In 1882 he starts rolling sheet at Styrum, for which two years later he sets up a galvanizing shop. The foundation stone for Maschinenfabrik Thyssen & Co. is laid in 1883 with the purchase of a neighboring mechanical engineering company. In 1891 August Thyssen takes the first step toward creating a vertical company at the Gewerkschaft Deutscher Kaiser coal mine in [Duisburg-]Hamborn, which he expands to an integrated iron and steelmaking plant on the River Rhine. Just before the First World War he starts to expand his group internationally (Netherlands, UK, France, Russia, Mediterranean region, Argentina). info from The company thyssenkrupp - History https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/company/history/the-founding-families/alfred-krupp.htmlHistoric - Victorian Railways - Track Rail - made by Krupp in 1888Section of VR Krupp 1888 Rail mounted on a piece of varnished wood. Rail made of ironpuffing billy, krupp, rail, victorian railways -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Newspaper, Progress Press, "Trams a vital part of City's transport", 18/05/1988 12:00:00 AM
Newspaper clipping, from the Progress Press, 18/5/1988, titled "Trams a vital part of City's transport", written by Marc Fiddian, giving the story of Melbourne trams from horse, cable to electric, where they run NMETL, VR tramways and there place in Melbourne. Has a photo of a cable tram with a very young Gripman, and Z59 on a Bundoora service.trams, tramways, cable trams, nmetl, vr, melbourne, history, z class, books, bundoora -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Ephemera - Timetable/s, Victorian Railways, "Tram Timetables - St Kilda - Elwood Depot", Jul. 1957
Victorian Railways St Kilda Station to Elwood Depot timetable, printed on card that could be folded, providing details of tram times leaving St Kilda Station for Dickens and Vautier Streets or Elwood Depot and return. Advises which trams does not connect with trains. Gives running times and Section Details. Dated 15/7/1957. VR Printed 2484-57 on manila colour card. 8 Copies held..trams, tramways, vr, victorian railways, st kilda, elwood depot, timetables, melbourne -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Report, Victorian Railways, "Annual Report 1948-49 - Victorian Railways", 1949
Report - foolscap size, 100 pages, bound with staples along left hand edge and glued into a printed colour cover titled "Annual Report 1948-49 - Victorian Railways". Details the results of the Victorian Railways operations for each station, division, traffic and written information including an investigation by Mr John Elliot of the Southern Region of British Railways into the organisation of Transport in Victoria. Has the results for the two tramways operated by the VR of Appendix 7 (page 55) and the last page of the report.On cover stamped "Australian Electric Traction Association" and hand written Library numbers and notes.trams, tramways, victorian railways, vr, st kilda brighton, tramways, railways -
Parks Victoria - Mount Buffalo Chalet
Container
Straw container, original to the Cafe, which supplied afternoon teas and suppers to casual visitors and Chalet guests. Spiders and milkshakes were popular with yung guests after evening tournaments, films and concerts. 'When the Victorian railways took over managemen of the Chalet from 1 october 1924, they ran their dining room and cafe in similar fashion to the dining cars on their trains and refreshment rooms on their stations, using the same ceramic hotel-ware and electro plated nickel silverware (EPNS), all made to order items that are clearly idenitified by the distinctive 'VR' monogram. The Chalet retains a good selection of of the diverse range of EPNS item formerly used in the dining room..- which in all theoir variety and function help to interpret the dining room protocols of the 'tourist house' and the service provied by the Victorian Railways refreshment and Services Branch. Many of the items were manufactured by by Stoke & Sons of Melbourne (est. 1856.' (Pg 103. Historica) Listed in Draft Inventory of Significant Collection items. Appendix A.3.Tableware. (Pg 166 Historica).Electroplated silver drinking straw container. Tube shape. Moulded circular base with matching lid with central post which can be pulled up to reveal drinking straws resting on it.On front, "VR / Straws" Also silver stamp on base and inscription;"Parmount / plate / best / EP A1 NS / quality / warranted / hardsoldered / K. G. LUKE / MELB / 6889" -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Album - Compiled by David Frost - VR trams etc, David Frost, 2005
Page 1 - postcards and notes on the Alf Twentyman's preserved cars. 2 - VR tram 41 at Bendigo 2001 and two VR tram tickets 3 - VR 41 at Sandringham station - night photo 4 & 5 - VR 41 at Bendigo 6 & 7 - VR 41 at Bendigo 8 & 9 - photo copies of VR railway - tram tickets 10 - 11 - photo copies of VR railway - tram tickets and photo of VR 41 at North Bendigo. 12 - Photo of David Frost selling a ticket to David Vendy, Mayor of Ballarat at the time - July 2002 13 & 14 Two Melbourne tram postcards and tram tickets 15 - 18 - Four Peter Gerasimon greeting cards featuring Melbourne trams, 19 - Ballarat tramway postcard and cable saloon trailer 171 being loaded for Portland - July 2002. 20 - three photos of David Frost at Bylands rear cover - photos of VR 41 and VR 53 at Bendigo.Illustrates the work of David Frost and his interest in VR trams.Photo Album - 10 heavy card sheets with plastic sheets over each, white plastic ring bound, covered with a large photograph of Alf Twentyman's cable cars at Northcote. See 3086 for an unused version.cable cars, vr trams, alf twentyman, david frost, vr 41, bendigo, tickets, postcards, peter gerasimon, trams, tramways -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Magazine, Association of Railway Enthusiasts (ARE), "Australian Railway Enthusiast - Vol 31, No. 1, March 1993", Mar. 1993
Magazine - "Australian Railway Enthusiast - Vol 31, No. 1, March 1993", 24 pages, centre stapled, with a front cover colour photo of VR 36, Ormond Road, about to cross the Point Ormond line. Contains a detailed article on both the VR lines by Jim Seletto, featuring photos of 39, 30, 53, 49, MMTB 675 and a colour photo of VR 49 on the rear. Contains maps and diagrams of St Kilda Station. Includes Sandringham and Black Rock line. Published by the ARE.trams, tramways, vr trams, st kilda brighton tramway, sandringham, black rock, maps, st kilda, railways, tram 39, tram 30, tram 53, tram 49, tram 675 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Negative, Wal Jack, c1951
Black and white negative, by Wal Jack, of VR 7 and another single trucker at the Elwood Depot - early 1950's.trams, tramways, elwood depot, vr trams, tram 7 -
Numurkah & District Historical Society
Equipment - Victorian Railway Torch
Victorian Railway equipment belonging to the Numurkah Railway Station (now closed)Green rectangle box with handle, circular light in the front with black rubber ring around light. Top of box has a tri handle turner and a flick switchAppleton Brisbane. White VR printed on both length sides -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Ephemera - Ticket/s, Victorian Railways, St Kilda Brighton Electric Street Railway, Jan 1922 or earlier
Ticket - printed on dark green paper with red strip on the right hand side for the Victorian Railways, St Kilda Brighton Electric Street Railway. Preprinted ticket, good for one journey during Feb. 1922 only - ticket number 048 on left hand side and 059 and 060 on right hand side. Good for Sections 1 to 4, between St Kilda and Park St. Sheet has been perforated vertically and horizontally. Would appear that these were pre-purchased, torn off horizontally by the passenger, handed to the conductor who would tear it in half (vertically) and return one half to the passenger. Both parts have been stamped "Cancelled VR"trams, tramways, tickets, st kilda brighton, victorian railways, vr -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Ephemera - Ticket/s, Victorian Railways, Weekly - printed on paste board - Edmondson style, 1980's?
Ticket - Weekly - printed on paste board - Edmondson style, white card with two vertical red stripes. Both issued at Ringwood Railway station for travel by MMTB Bus and train. Has conditions of travel on rear and notes that the VR is not responsible for the bus services. .1 - 9 sections of Bus travel - ticket number 0148 .2 - 5 sections of Bus travel - ticket number 0178 .3 - 1 section ditto number 0344 .4 - 2 sections ditto number 0212 .5 - 3 sections ditto number 0211trams, tramways, tickets, ringwood, weekly tickets, bus tickets, vr, mmtb -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Ephemera - Ticket/s, Victorian Railways, Victorian Railways electric tramway and motor coach services tickets, 1956 and 1959
Set of two Victorian Railways electric tramway and motor coach services tickets with pencil notes on rear. 1 - 7d - paper, black printing red fare, number 082763d - "Sun 5 Feb 1956 Tram No. 42 went from Mid Brighton SLC here 1st towards BB rtn M Bright etc Brighton Beach". 2 - 1/- - as above - 074160A - 12.11am (approximate but could be later) from St Kilda - Elwood (Ride Free), Tram 28, last VR Tram Sunday 1 March 1959"See above.trams, tramways, vr, tickets, st kilda, st kilda brighton, last tram, elwood -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Keith Kings, 7/07/1957 12:00:00 AM
Black and white photograph of VR 40 and bus No. 49, at the St Kilda Railway Station, 7/7/1957. Detailed description on the rear of the photograph in ink, particularly about the bus - one of 30 built by Commonwealth Engineering during 1949/50 for the MMTB. Surplus to needs after the conversion of Bourke St and that the seating reduced from 41 to 37 to facilitate one many operation. Bus sold to the Eastern Suburbs Omnibus services Pty ltd for the operation of the former railway service. In the background is the St Kilda Railway Station and The George Hotelsee image i2 for details.trams, tramways, st kilda, buses, vr, closure, tram 40, tram 49 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - BENDIGO EASTER PARADE, Apr 1962
Slide. Bendigo Easter Parade. A VR Model train engine is the entry in the parade. The words ''The Guage Is Thru for 62 is on the side of the float.slide, bendigo, bendigo easter parade., bendigo easter parade. -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Weapon - Carronade, Unknown (Replica)
This deck cannon is believed to be a replica Carronade as it has no foundry mark, year of manufacture, proof marks or weight of carronade on it. However, its design matches the design of Carronades used in the early to mid 19th century. History: The carronade was designed as a short-range naval weapon with a low muzzle velocity for merchant ships, but it also found a niche role on warships. It was produced by the Carron iron works and was at first sold as a complete system with the gun, mounting, and shot altogether. Carronades initially became popular on British merchant ships during the American Revolutionary War. A lightweight gun that needed only a small gun crew and was devastating at short range was well suited to defending merchant ships against French and American privateers. Its invention is variously attributed to Lieutenant General Robert Melville in 1759, or to Charles Gascoigne, manager of the Carron Company from 1769 to 1779. In its early years, the weapon was sometimes called a "mellvinade" or a "gasconade". The carronade can be seen as the culmination of a development of naval guns reducing the barrel length and thereby the gunpowder charge. The Carron Company was already selling a "new light-constructed" gun, two-thirds of the weight of the standard naval gun and charged with one-sixth of the weight of the ball in powder before it introduced the carronade, which further halved the gunpowder charge. The theory of its design was to use less powder and had other advantages that were advertised in the company's sales pamphlet of the time, state. The smaller gunpowder charge reduced the barrel heating in action, also reduced the recoil. The mounting, attached to the side of the ship on a pivot, took the recoil on a slider, without altering the alignment of the gun. The pamphlet advocated the use of woolen cartridges, which eliminated the need for wadding and worming, although they were more expensive. Carronades also simplified gunnery for comparatively untrained merchant seamen in both aiming and reloading that was part of the rationale for adopting the gun. Other advantages promoted by the company were. The replacement of trunnions by a bolt underneath, to connect the gun to the mounting, reduced the width of the carriage that enhanced the wide angle of fire. A merchant ship would almost always be running away from an enemy, so a wide-angle of fire was much more important than on a warship. A carronade weighed a quarter as much as a standard cannon and used a quarter to a third of the gunpowder charge. This reduced charge allowed Carronades to have a shorter length and much lighter weight than long guns. Increasing the size of the bore and ball reduces the required length of the barrel. The force acting on the ball is proportional to the square of the diameter, while the mass of the ball rises by the cube, so acceleration is slower; thus, the barrel can be shorter and therefore lighter. Long guns were also much heavier than Carronades because they were over-specified to be capable of being double-shotted,(to load cannons with twice the shot, for increased damage at the expense of range). Whereas it was dangerous to do this in a carronade. A ship could carry more carronades, or carronades of a larger caliber, than long guns, and carronades could be mounted on the upper decks, where heavy long guns could cause the ship to be top-heavy and unstable. Carronades also required a smaller gun crew, which was very important for merchant ships, and they were faster to reload. Additional notes: Cannon cast in England, Wales and Scotland had their imperial weight chiselled or engraved in the format of 4-2-0 on the bottom of the cascabel, indicating the weight of the cannon as 4 hundredweight, 2 quarters and 0 pounds. Since a hundredweight equals 112 pounds and a quarter weight is 28 pounds the total weight is 504 pounds or about 228 kilograms. The small bore replica carronade and carriage is part of a collection of nineteenth Century Flagstaff Hill Guns and cannons, and is a representation of carronades used from the early 18th up to the 1850s on merchant and military ships particularly the British Royal Navy until 1850. This example is not significant in the historic sense but demonstrates the type of artillery used aboard vessels of the time for protection & offensive military actions. Cannon, cast iron, small smooth bore cannon on the stepped wooden carriage with wooden wheels. It appears to fire a 12-pound cannonball. The Cannon barrel can have its elevation adjusted via a sliding sloped block at the rear of the cannon. Gun carriage has loops for locating and holding the carriage in position with the use of ropes. It is believed this carronade is a replica of a mid-to-late 19th-century Carronade cannon.Cast into metal; [Royal emblem of Queen Victoria (VR "Victoria Regina")]warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cannon, naval cannon, cannon on carriage, 19th century cannon, fortifications, smooth bore cannon, 12 pounder, carronade, artillery, replica, deck cannon, cannon in carriage, ship cannon