Showing 178 items
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Federation University Historical Collection
Object, Brown and Sharpe Manufacturing Co, Universal Surface Gauge
Used to lay out Machine work, or to set up pieces on a planer, radial drill, milling machine or boring machine. To set the Scriber the spindle swivels down or up into any position where it is clamped by the knurled nut. There is a fine screw adjustment for the Scriber point (note: this is not original Scriber supplied with this instrument). The base on this Surface Gauge can be set on cylindrical work, using the ‘V’ groove in the base, or by pushing down the two gauge pins. It can be brought square with an edge or T slot. Metal gauge toolgauge, tool, trade, brown and sharp manufacturing company -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Photograph - Black and white print, Students Watching Pruning Demonstration, c. 1943
Note by T.H. Kneen 18 December 1991, "Students in photos are of the 1944 graduating year."Black and white photograph. Students seated on an upturned ladder watching an instructor pruning tree in the Orchard. Garden Staff member standing behind.On reverse," Burnley Horticultural College 1936 L to R Tom Trahair-Garden Labourer, Dennis Greiger-Student. Students: Bob Grant, Ian Ball, Grace Douglas (Mrs Tom Walker), Beth Nutting (Mrs Coutts), Gwen Watson (Mrs McCarthy). Lecturer Perc Trevaskis-F.A.I.P.R."burnley horticultural college, 1936, tom trahair, garden labourer, dennis greiger, students, bob grant, ian ball, grace douglas, mrs tom walker, beth nutting (mrs coutts), gwen watson (mrs mccarthy), lecturer, perc trevaskis, f.a.i.p.r., 1944, student outside class, pruning demonstration -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional object - Tramcar Conductors Bell
Recovered by the donor from Geelong tram No. 2 and polished for donation to the Museum. One of four bells that would have been fitted to the tram.Demonstrates a conductors communication bell made for use on tramcars. Brass Conductor Communication Bell, consisting of cast frame, bell, striker, bell pull part, one nut to secure the bell to the frame and two rivets securing for the bell pull part. Has the initials "TB" cast in both ends that were used to secure the bell to the roof - possibly indicating the "Tramway Board" manufacture. Has the number "2" on the underside of the bell in green paint.conductor, bell, trams, tramways, geelong, tram 2 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Trolley Ear hanger, c1900
Trolley ear hanger assembly that would screw into an trolley ear - internal insulation or cap and cone type - hanger - comprising 1 - cast steel hanger shaped in a cone with a mechanism to clip to the overhead span wires thread on the top. 2 - cast steel cap internally threaded 3 - Insulated shaft with a mica type appearance where damaged and a steel bolt with a steel nut at the lower end.overhead, trolley wire, fittings -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Flag, c1995
Melbourne tramcar flag - in the shape of a windsock, made from vinyl for advertising an Air show (possibly the second Avalon one - 1995 one). Has the letters in blue on white Vinyl back "AIR SHOW". Made by vinyl sewn at the front with a inner metal section secured with a nut on the top that allowed the object to swing in the breeze and a wooden pole for mounting in the tramcar flag holder bracket fitted to the destination box.trams, tramways, flags, melbourne, air show -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Tool - Tools small steel socket spanner
Early 20thC settlers need a different spanner for each size nut or bolt. Now socket spanners often come as a "socket set" with many different sizes or types of sockets to fit the heads of different-sized fasteners. Among the early settlers in Moorabbin Shire were blacksmiths who made tools for the other settlers who were establishing the homes, market gardens, farms, orchards and various businesses. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools This spanner is typical of the type used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire early 20thCA small steel socket spannerhammers, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham, mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Tea Set, Tea and Coffee Set, 1898
This set was given by the Warrnambool City Council Councillors to Horace Lawson on the occasion of his marriage in 1898. Horace Edward Lawson was the son of Susan and Thomas Lawson. The latter at one time had a drapery business in Liebig Street. Horace Lawson was the Town Clerk of Warrnambool from 1893 to 1918. He was a keen cyclist and a member of the Warrnambool Volunteer Artillery Corps. In 1918 Lawson was appointed the Secretary of the Municipal Association of Victoria, a Melbourne appointment. This set is of considerable interest as it was presented to Horace Lawson, notable in Warrnambool’s history as a long-serving and successful Town Clerk. This silver-plated tea and coffee set has four items – coffee pot, tea pot, sugar basin and milk jug. All have the same etched decorative patterns on the sides and the lids and all have handles attached with a nut and a bolt. The tea pot and the coffee pot have the maker’s marks on the bases and there is an inscription on the side of the sugar basin. The lids of the coffee pot, tea pot and milk jug are hinged. ‘W. Mammatt & Sons Sheffield’ ‘Presented to H. E. Lawson Esq. Town Clerk by the Mayor & Councillors of Warrnambool on the Occasion of his Marriage Sept. 1898’horace lawson, history of warrnambool, silver tea set -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Tool - Gauge, 1930-1955's
This gauge was used in the making of components for the ship model Sovereign of the Seas. It is part of a collection of objects used by Jim Williams, maker of fine ship models from about 1930-1955. Most of the components for the models, as well as many of the tools, were handmade by Jim Williams. Jim’s family has donated the ship model “Sovereign of the Seas” and many tools, accessories and documents used in the making of this and other ship models have been donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. Ship model of HMS Sovereign of the Seas, scale model of 17th Century English war ship, was handmade and carved from plans, enclosed in airtight glass case. All components of that model, including even the smallest pulleys, were hand crafted using tools designed and made by Jim. Outstanding details include functional rigging and moving cannons. Please see our record 3732 of the mode Sovereign of the Seas for further details of the ship and the maker. This gauge is connected with the hobby and skill of ship model making that has been crafted as a leisure activity for many generations. The hobby is often chosen by serving and retired mariners who appreciate the connection with maritime history. This gauge was used by local Warrnambool man, Jim Williams, who was employed at Cramond and Dickson clothing store, and then at Fletcher Jones menswear for 27 years. It was used in making components for the model of the historic ship, the Sovereign of the Seas. The Sovereign of the Seas was a historic 17th century English war ship with important maritime heritage. Gauge; marking gauge, wooden. Wooden handle threaded through hole in wooden block, adjusted along the handle by tightening a wing-nut screw. The end of the handle has a pointed pin fitted for scoring a mark on the work surface to mark timber before cutting. This gauge is part of a collection of tools and accessories once used by Jim Williams, maker of a series of ship models 1930-1955 including “HMS Sovereign of the Seas”.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, jim williams, james bernard williams, ship model hobby, ship model tools, ship model making equipment, ship model making accessories, wood working tool, model making tool, drawing instrument, gauge, tool, sovereign of the sea, ship model, hobby, ship model tool -
Mont De Lancey
Tool - Hay Knife, Unknown
A steel curved double bladed silage or hay knife with two wooden handles at the top attached by rivets. The long blades have sharp points at the end. The handle bracket is joined to the steel blades by a nut and bolt. It has a cog mechanism to move the blades. It was used to cut hay when it is dry. Blocks were cut for the ? or stack as needed for stock feed. Silage is an animal feed cut and stored while still green.agricultutal tools, hay knife, agricultural equipment -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Conductors (Signal) Bell - N&C pattern
Bell used by the conductor or passengers to signal to the driver - stop, proceed or an emergency stop. N&C - Demonstrates a conductors communication or signal bell made for use on tramcars.Brass Conductor Communication Bell, or signal bell, consisting of cast frame, bell, striker, bell pull part, sheet metal domed section that is secured to the underside of the bell with one nut to secure the bell to the frame and two rivets securing for the bell pull part. Has at both ends, six screw holes that were used to secure the bell to the roof. Note the difference in the casting detail between the two ends of the bell.trams, tramways, conductors, bells, mmtb -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Equipment - C.I.G. Regulator Type M, sectioned, Commonwealth Industrial Gases Ltd, c. 1960
The regulator was sectioned by I. Philpott in 1962.The regulator, designed to protect anaesthetic machines against sudden changes in pressure, consists of two main, rounded bodies, joined by a short connection. The lower section consists of a valve and a nut on the end that can be adjusted to provide a secondary pressure range. The upper section shows the gauge, which has had part of its face removed to show the inner workings. The valve on the reverse side has also been sectioned.anaesthesia, gas, pressure -
Emerald Museum & Nobelius Heritage Park
Book, Catalogue of Fruit Trees 1915 C.A. Nobelius Nurseryman, Gembrook Nurseries, Emerald, Victoria, Australia, 1915
This is the twenty fourth catalogue of trees and it contains fruit trees, nut trees, berries and some ornamental trees. Carl Nobelius wrote in his General Remarks that he had one million trees to sell, clean, healthy and pest free. The nurseries were 250 acres in extent and contained two and a half million trees in various stages. His nurseries were at Emerald, Railway Siding and his office half a mile from Emerald Railway Station. He imported new varieties from overseas and the nursery was the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, employing 80 people between 1903 and 1930.Green Catalogue 1915 of Fruit Trees, also Elms, Oaks, Planes, Poplars and other Deciduous and Ornamental Trees. The catalogue contains 5 black and white prints of landscape views of the nursery, plus there are 5 bright colour inserts of individual pears and apples.nobelius -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Educational Mathematics Activity
Mt Beauty Primary School and use of teaching aids.Plywood circular base with 16 wooden pencil shaped rods inserted around the perimeter equally spaced. Inside are 5 plywood colored circles each cut into equal parts - Half, thirds, quarters, fifths. 2. Polished timber 'sticks' joined at one end by screw and butterfly nut to created a hinge so that 'sticks' can be opened to form one long stick. Used to draw circles by holding and turning one stick around.2. 'Prep' in texta near hingemt beauty primary school, teaching aids, mathematics -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Japanese Cavalry Sword, Japanese Model 1899 Cavalry Sword
Japanese Model 1899 Cavalry SwordJapanese Model 1899 Cavalry Sword This Japanese Model 1899 Cavalry Sword has a interesting hilt in that the grip is of wood with a metal backstrap. The wood is probably is very hard, and has been nicely checkered. The checkering continues right through on to the metal backstrap, giving a very interesting effect. The pommel is smooth and round, with a spanner type flush mounted nut which most likely acts to retain the tang. There is also a screw and spanner that is retaining the grip. The pommel is smooth and round, with a spanner type flush mounted nut which most likely acts to retain the tang. This Japanese Model 1899 Cavalry Sword has a interesting hilt in that the grip is of wood with a metal backstrap. The wood is probably is very hard, and has been nicely checkered. The pommel is smooth and round, with a spanner type flush mounted nut which most likely acts to retain the tang. The scabbard is a heavy duty steel example which exactly matches the steel used to construct the hilt. The scabbard is perfectly straight throughout, with a single carrying band and ring.A number is stamped near the hilt on the shoulder of the blade " 96982"japanese model 1899 cavalry sword, metal scabbard -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional object - Tramcar Conductors (Signal) Bell
Recovered by the donor, with approval of the Depot Foreman, from the wreckage in the SEC Ballarat yard from the demolished Tram No. 20 that was involved in a collision on 16/9/1970. One of the support members, near the bell striker has been broken through and the area where it was secured to the roof of the tram at the same end has been bent. This may be the result of the accident. JS - John Stephenson of New York?Demonstrates a conductors communication bell made by or for use on Melbourne tramcars. A reminder of SEC Tram No. 20 which was involved in a major accident in Victoria St on 16/9/1970Brass Conductor Signal or Communication Bell, consisting of cast frame, bell, striker, bell pull part, one nut to secure the bell to the frame and a screwed bolt for the bell pull part. Has a section of leather bell cord and a leather bell cord hanging piece. Has the initials "JS" cast in both ends that were used to secure the bell to the roof. Has two metal clips used to secure the leather bell cord into position.conductor, bell, trams, ballarat, tram 20, accidents, tramways -
Bendigo Military Museum
Weapon - BOOBY TRAP
1. & 2. Two small metal pipes containing inside a wire spring going full length and inside the spring is a small round metal bar/ bolt with a small sphere with a hole in it at one end and a nut on the other end. Metal band around pipe with wings containing a small hole on each side. Small slot in both sides of the bottom. 3. & 4. Small metal clamp that fits down the middle of the pipe. It's purpose is unknown.weapon, booby trap -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Shot Gun shell reloader, Early 20th century
A tool such as this one would have been used by many householders in the past and those using guns in their occupations or hobbies – shooters, farmers, policemen etc. This item is retained as an example of a tool used in the past to re-load shot guns.This is a metal tool, with part of it painted green and containing a brass section. The top part of the tool has a round hollow section open at one end. The tool has a handle at one end (made of composite material) and a wing nut screw in the lower middle section. This enables the tool to be attached to a bench for stability. At the other end is a tapering piece of metal with a sharp end. This mechanism is attached with a screw and is able to be moved so that a section of it touches the open end of the hollow part on the top. vintage tools -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Domestic Object - JOSEPH & CO, SANDHURST, CLOCK
Large round cedar cased wall clock with black hands and Roman numerals on a white painted metal dial pan. Time only with a chain driven fusee movement, brass bezel with flat glass. 1 side and 1 bottom inspection doors, top and bottom wall securing hooks, front of clock secured to case with wooden pegs. Brass pendulum with circular brass bob, rating nut and suspension spring. Written on clock face 'Joseph & Co., Sandhurst' (Bendigo).Joseph & Co Sandhursthorology, clocks, joseph & co -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Book - Register, Register of Names and Addresses, 1930-1986
Large leather covered register with the Title, Register of Fruits Horticultural Society of Victoria, Printed pages headed with name of fruit or nut and columns headed: Name, From whom or where obtained, Various descriptions, Habit of tree and foliage, Date planted, Synonyms, Time of ripening remarks. However, only used as an Index of names, addresses, phone numbers and dates up to the 1980's. Handwritten in different styles. Could have been used by the Burnley Past Students Association?fruits, horticultural society of victoria, nuts, trees, foliage, ripening, burnley past students association -
Federation University Historical Collection
Implement, Machine Wheel with Mandrel
A mandrel (/ˈmændrɪl/; also mandril or arbor) is one of the following: * a round object against which material can be forged or shaped; or * a flanged or tapered or threaded bar that grips a workpiece to be machined in a lathe. A flanged mandrel is a parallel bar of a specific diameter with an integral flange towards one end, and threaded at the opposite end. Work is gripped between the flange and a nut on the thread. A tapered mandrel (often called a plain mandrel) has a taper of approximately 0.005 inches per foot and is designed to hold work by being driven into an accurate hole on the work, gripping the work by friction. A threaded mandrel may have a male or female thread, and work which has an identical thread is screwed onto the mandrel.Iron frame with handle. Vice section for attaching to bench. Mandrel for shapingmachine wheel, mandrel, forged, shaped, holds workpiece -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Tool - Drill - Breast, c1940
Two speed breast drill by IXION of Germany. Gearing is 2:1 for low speed and 7.1 for high speed. Speeds obtained by changing over the turning handle and support handle from one side to the other(unscrew and fitted in other side). Turning handle slides over a squared shaft and is secured by a round knurled nut. Chuck will be able to take twist drills for drilling wood or meta. Has a slightly curved base which is held against breast/stomach to obtain pressure for drilling.On aluminum medallion riveted to drill - 'IXION' & 'GERMANY'trades, carpentry, mechanics, tools -
Melbourne Legacy
Document - Article, Legatee Bruce Hall, President 1977
A cutting from from a Melbourne Legacy President's report showing a photo of Legatee Bruce M Hall (President of Melbourne Legacy in 1977). It was collected to be a record of a photo of past presidents. Legatee Bruce Hall was the son of Legatee Ray Hall (president in 1931) and nephew of Legatee Rex Hall (president in 1933). In World War 2 Legatee Bruce Hall served with the AIF in Darwin and New Guinea with the 6th Division Signals. He joined Legacy in 1958 on the nomination of Legatees Bill Perrin and Roy Nutting. The article was part of an album of past presidents from 1965 to 1989. The folder included biographical details and obituaries, eulogies and death notices of prominent Legatees. The items have been catalogued separately.A record of Legatee Bruce Hall a past president of Legacy. The information was collected to record the lives of prominent legatees in a folder.Article with a black and white photo of Legatee Bruce M Hall - President 1977.past presidents, bruce hall -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Snow Scooter
There are many ways of travelling over snow - skis, toboggans, sleds, using snow shoes, machines, horses etc. This 'snow scooter' appears to have been handmade for faster transport (than walking) over snow. Machines with engines 'snow mobiles' are more commonly used nowadays. This snow scooter was possibly used at Falls Creek for moving around the village during winter.Wooden plank curved and lifting at the front and at the end of the back an attached small rectangular wooden framed plastic grid (for non slippery foothold). Underneath plank - at front is a metal rudder that swivels when the handle is turned and at the back are 2 metal fixed 'rudders'.At the front, on top, is a metal stand forming a triangle (for stability) with a steel rod which goes through the plank to the front rudder and up to a bicycle type handle at the top. The handle has red plastic handle grips on the ends. The join of the metal bars half way up is with a butterfly nut. snow scooter; snow transport; falls creek -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Tools, spanner, Garrington 'Magpie' c1950, c1950
John Garrington & Sons was founded 1837 in London as a company producing iron and steel tools, pistols, coach parts, military harness, nuts and bolts . In 1879 the business moved to Albert Works in Willenhall Road. 1912 the business was sold to F.W.Cotterill, a local nut and bolt manufacturer. F.W.Cotterill and consequently Garrington's was purchased in 1919 by G.K.N. (originally Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds). 1926 they were producing drop forged automobile tools, spanners and in 1947 'lightweight high tensile carbon steel' 'Magpie" automobile spanner. They had a lot of products named after birds. Early settlers were reliant on the draught horse and wagon but by the 1930's Vulcan trucks transported the produce to market and post war settlers in the Moorabbin Estates gradually purchased cars (automobiles) for transport and pleasure.This Garrington Tools Pty Ltd automobile spanner is typical of the type used by automobile mechanics in Moorabbin c1950A large high tensile carbon steel spanner c1950 for use in automobile repair and manufacture.GARRINGTON 'MAGPIE' tools, garrington tool company england, post world war 11 estates, moorabbin , automobile tools, automotive parts, jaguar cars pty ltd, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd, -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Photograph, Warrandyte Historical Society Newsletters nos. 76-84
Digitised WHS newsletters from December 1990 (no. 76) to October 1990 (no. 84). Sent to Secretary of the Ringwood Historical Research Group, Jack Lindsay.Noteable articles:- Earl Stewart bus service Brackenbury Street Yarra Yarra Mining Company Dr Owen's Puddling Machine 1927 bushfires Schult Steven Houghton Taffy Jones Great Southern Hill Caledonia Gold Mine Mary Hill - South Warrandyte Post Office Artists - Nutter Buzacott, Frank Crozier, Penleigh Boyd, William Frater, Christine Gray-Aldor Warrandyte Primary School Potter's Cottage -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Clothing - GOLD SILK VICTORIAN CAPE (PART OF AN OUTFIT WITH 11400.975 AND 11400.977), Late 1900's
Three panels-one either side of front opening, and one rounded panel from side fronts, and across back. Two triangular panels - 10 cm X 4 cm at front lower edge of back circular panel. Front panels are longer than sides of back panels. All front and lower edges are finished with a 5 cm long, silver coloured, silk fringe. A 1.5 cm wide band of striped silk binds the neckline, nut is in very poor condition. Back panel of cape is gathered by hand, extending from front panel seams.costume, female, gold silk victorian bodice -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Weights - 5 in Set
Used to weigh bulk produce in the Tawonga Store. Part of a platform scale.Historical: Imperial weights used before packaging of goods. Tawonga Store opened c1920 selling produce for the farming community of the Kiewa Valley.5 circular cast iron weights with a slot from the edge towards the centre. Each has a ridge around the circumference to enable each to fit on top of a bigger one. On the top, above the slot, the weight is embossed. The set is held together with a piece of wire about 50 cm long. The set fit on to a holder which has a circular hook for hanging and a long straight cast iron rod going through a solid half sphere which is held with a nut at the base. The half sphere has a wider circular base for weights to sit on. Used with scales (KVHS 0800 (B)) to weigh goods sold at Tawonga Store.Weights: 14 lbs; 28 lbs; 56 lbs; 1 cwt; 2 cwt.weights. scales. shop. store. tawonga store. -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Functional object - Butter Churn
Believed to have been owned originally by Alice and Arthur Fisher who had a 16 acre property in Mullum Mullum Road, Ringwood. The house was called Greenhill and was located at the highest point, now no. 28. They had a mixed farm including an orchard of fruit and nut trees, and a dairy cow. Alice milked the cow much to the amusement of her English family, who delighted in visiting. When the property was sold the butter churn went to Red Hill on the Mornington Peninsula. Arthur Lunt, donor has memories of its use in Red Hill, where his parents had a mixed farm. That property was sold c. 1950, and the butter Churn returned to the Ringwood Croydon area where it has remained unused for the last 65 years.|The butter churn has been in Croydon and Ringwood since 1952; it is typical of manually operated equipment in use on small properties 100 years ago.Cylindrical container, brown, mounted on board with handle underneath. To one side is a wooden handle and drive gears to spin cylinder. Cylinder has tight fitting lid and makers metal label on the side; opposite side has direction arrow embossed. Mounted on wooden base. Cream was put into churn, handle turned to spin drum until butter was produced. Five parts to the Churn.SVENSKA STOCKHOLM SWEDEN CENTRIFUGA,B.DAHLIA N0:0 SLATER PATENTdomestic items, food preparation -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Boiler, ca 1880
This little steam boiler has been beautifully built. It could have been used to drive an engine in a small workshop, a boat or launch, or even farming equipment. It is an example of the steam technology and mechanisation of the 19th century. William Cook introduced steam heating in England in the 18th century. Steam combined with pressure was used for powering transport, such as steam engines for trains, and manufacturing, such as steam engines driving manufacturing machines. Steam boilers are still used today as an energy-efficient means of power.This steam boiler would have been suitable to drive a small engine, possibly that of a small boat. Coal was added to the firebox for fuel to heat water in the boiler. It is an example of the power used to drive machinery and equipment in the mid-to-late 19th century. Steam boilers like this one have played a part in the evolution of steam power. Steam engine boiler; vertical cylindrical coal-fired boiler with a black firebox at its base and a dome top. The cylinder's sides and top have brass fittings, inlet and outlet taps. A round opening near the base is covered by an adjustable metal plate that controls the boiler's temperature. The front door of the firebox has two hinges at the base and when the side clips are opened. A shiny brass collar tops the tall chimney. Oak wood planks around the sides of the boiler, and held in place by brass bands with nut and screw fixtures. The boiler stands on a metal and wood frame with a looped handle at the back. An inscription has been noted. Circa 1880. "1948 D/430" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, boiler, steam engine, steam boiler, coal fired boiler, vertical boiler, boat boiler, power source, steam driven, engine boiler, steam machine, firebox, steam engine boiler -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Trophy CWA, Circa 1950
This trophy was presented by the Country Women's Association (C.W.A) Kiewa Valley Branch circa 1950's. This was in a period when the C.W.A. was the major women's organisation which had the greatest influence amongst rural women (especially in isolated areas). This was a period when broad based communications were mainly by radio,women orientated magazines and the telephone. The CWA was an organisation that catered exclusively to women's needs. The atmosphere was one of "sisterhood" and covered nearly all the needs of rural based women. This one organisation incorporated knowledge and learning targeting women who physically may be isolated but not mentally. The C.W.A. motto "Honour our God, Loyalty to the throne, Service to the country, Through country women, For country women, By country women."The Kiewa Valley Group of the C.W.A. was a focal point for women in this still relatively isolated rural region to have a place of refuge from the heavy domestic demands that family and business exerted, and the need of a time and space to gain all the mental relaxation and group bonding necessary to balance the sometimes harsh environment that rural life presented.Silver plated chalice trophy has two "block ear" type handles fastened at the top lip and going 40mm vertically down to reconnect with the bowl. The bowl is connected to the dark brown plastic base by a brass (silver plating has worn off) stem (flower vase shaped).the chalice stem is attached to a circular tapered dome 30mm high which is also silver plated. The plastic base has a 35mm high extension rising from the broader circular bottom section and is rectangular in shape except for the quarter circular indent at each corner. The final circular base provides the chalice with the stability to stand on a flat surface. The whole of the base is hollow allowing the stem fastening nut to be viewed. The inscription on the chalice has been carefully and professionally scribed into the metal. "*C W A* KIEWA VALLEY GROUP H & H.I. EXHIBITION-PRIZE FOR MEMBERS. 40 & OVER" mementos, acknowledgement, cwa awards, trophies, rural women's club