Kodak Model 1A Junior folding camera that uses size 116 film. Owned by donor's mother. Jess Cameron Shannon (nee Gilbert). This was my mother's camera and took many snaps of her family in Orbost, East Gippsland, moved with her to South Yarra as a young working woman in the 1930s, then on out to Warrandyte in 1951 with her young family.Kodak Model 1A Junior folding camera. Kodak Model 1A Junior folding camera.Kodakdepression era, kodak australia, shannon, ms gael - national wool museum

Sybil CRAIG (18 November 1901-09 September 1989) Born London, England Arrived Australia 1902 The National Gallery School, Melbourne, gave Craig a sound training for her popular flower and portrait studies. However, her association with leading modernists between the wars led her to pursue her art in a deliberately experimental and spontaneous way. Sybil Craig was the third woman appointed by the Australian War Memorial as an official war artist. She was the first woman to paint women working in the munitions’ factories. The Castlemaine Art Gallery & Historical Museum, held the first retrospective exhibition of Sybil Craig's in 2006. The exhibition highlighted her wonderful use of colour and design in a diverse range of media, techniques and subject matter. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed life drawing by Sybil Craigart, artwork, sybil craig, craig, life drawing, life model, charcoal, drawing, available

The collection of thirteen model horse drawn vehicles were carefully handmade by Mr Chas W Davis 1925 - 2002. He was a talented artist and saw doctor. This model of a horse drawn Small Wheel Lorry replicates the vehicle that enjoyed respect from the public during the 1880's and early 1900's. A model of a Small Wheel Lorry with a long four spoked wheeled wooden flay tray drawn by a brown horse. The wooden shafts are to control the horse whilst working. It has a grey wooden ice box with a metal lid with ICE painted in black letters inside a black lined outline on the side. On the side of they lorry or dray is painted WOOD - COAL - COKE - C. MEE LA1271 in black paint. These are long strong carts or drays without fixed sides for carrying heavy loads. They were the truck of the horse drawn era, from the large wool bale lorry to the suburban ice and wood lorry. It has been said they had their origins in the German farm wagon.ICE is painted in black capital letters on the side of the ice box. On the side of the lorry is painted - WOOD - COAL - COKE - C. MEE LA1271replicas, models, scale models, vehicles, horse drawn vehicles, toy horses, drays, carts

The collection of thirteen model horse drawn vehicles were carefully handmade by Mr Chas W Davis 1925 - 2002. He was a talented artist and saw doctor. This model of a horse drawn Small Wheel Lorry replicates the vehicle that enjoyed respect from the public during the 1880's and early 1900's. A model of a Small Wheel Lorry with a brown short two spoked wheeled wooden tray with low sides drawn by a cream coloured horse. The horse has reins and a simple noseband.There is a single seat and footrest at the front for the driver. The wooden shafts are to control the horse whilst working and they have a silver chain attached on each side. It has four replica brown wooden wine barrels with silver rims in the cart.replicas, models, scale models, vehicles, horse drawn vehicles, toy horses, drays, carts, lorries

The black and white manual typewriter is made of plastic and metal by the Swiss company,Hermes. The model name ‘Ambassador’ and the series number M82, indicate that the typewriter was made sometime between 1953 and 1965. It demonstrates the working operations of the lightstation under the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service when it was managed by the Department of Transport, which introduced a number of modernising initiatives during this period.It has second level contributory significance for its historic value as an original item of office equipment. It demonstrates the working operations of the lightstation under the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service when it was managed by the Department of Transport, which introduced a number of modernising initiatives during this period.1. Black and white plastic and metal typewriter. 2. Grey vinyl typewriter cover.2. On cover,"HERMES / Ambassador / FABRICATION SUISSE / MADE IN SWITZERLAND / D" : 1. On typewriter," M82". On label, " C.of A / D.O.T. 143851".

Ash Wednesday Veteran This Bedford M Series tanker spent its working days at the Forests Commission depot at Gembrook, and among its many forays, fought the deadly Ash Wednesday bushfires at nearby Upper Beaconsfield and Cockatoo on 16 February 1983. Earlier in 1975, the M Series tankers underwent a design change at the Altona North workshops, replacing the cylindrical water tank with a “V” bottom 4090 litre water tank that sat low between the chassis rails to reduce its centre of gravity. Aluminium heat shields were also added to protect the pump operators on the back. While generally considered "bulletproof" the petrol fuel lines on this particular model were very prone to vaporise in the heat causing the motor to stall, often at the most dangerous moment.... in this case frightening the hell out of its driver, affable knockabout bloke, and firefighting legend Lex Wade. Some jokingly said this design quirk was an inbuilt safety feature to stop crews getting too close to the fire in the first place. The Gembrook tanker was later sent into the workshop and all its brake and fuel lines fitted with heat resistant lagging. Fortunately, this remarkable bushfire survivor was rescued from the scrap heap by Lex and fire equipment wizard Barry Marsden upon its retirement from a loyal and lengthy service. After a lick of fresh paint and most of its battle scars "buffed out", this time-honoured veteran now takes pride of place at the Altona North workshop.Bedford M series fire tankerMZF 347fire pump, fire tanker, forests commission victoria (fcv)

Allan Llewellyn was a well known Eaglehawk identity. See Allan Llewellyn Collection Cat. No.8389. Eleven typed pages of extracts from the 'Bendigo Advertiser' and one private letter to J.H. Seymour, contained in a manilla envelope with Mr. A. Llewellyn, 102 Victoria Street, Eaglehawk, Victoria 3556' written on front in red ink. In pencil above address: 'Please return to A. Llewellyn, Eaglehawk' Stamp, 7 cent, on top right hand corner shows Queen Elizabeth. Copies of letters published in the Bendigo Advertiser contained in envelope: 1. Letter from John H. Seymour, 25yth October, 1876, discussing the prize given to an exhibitor at the National Show, rather than the Seymour model exhibited by the writer. The writer is only a 'working miner and .. could not afford to make a full size cage'. 2. Letter from 'Fair play' 1st December 1876 regarding Seymour's model and that he should be given the opportunity to have his full size cage tested by the Judges. The cage was working at the Londonderry's Tribute Co. 3. Letter from 'unknown' regarding Nancarrow's Safety Cage, discussing Seymour's claiming 'the levers as his patent'. 4. Two letters from J.H. Seymour, regarding the unfair nature of the testing of the safety cages. Letters dated 1876. 5. Three letters from James Watson, blacksmith, Sandhurst, regarding the construction of the mining cage model exhibited by James Seymour. 6. Two letters - one from H. Banfield, Mining manager, Londonderry Tribute regarding the testing of Seymour's Patent Safety Cage design, dated October 25th. 1876. Second letter on page, regarding an accident at the South Clunes Tribute shaft, where an engineman Thomas Bonda (sometime Secretary of the Miners' Association) was injured when a cage went to the bottom of the shaft. 7. Article 'Accident at the Shenandoah Claim' detailing an accident with a mining cage when the 'rope slipped off the drum'. Article 'The Perils of Miners' detailing an accident at the Preston Hill claim, Ballarat. 8. 'Miraculour Escape' article detailing a mining cage accident at the Trio Company's shaft at Snob's Hill, September 4th. 1876. 9. 'Safety Cages', letter from Elisha Tippett, Manager Londonderry Tribute company, 7th August 1877, discussing the merits of the safety cage being used at the mine, known as 'Seymour's Patent Safety Cage' 10. 'Trial of Seymour's Patent Safety Cage' where a successful trial was held, then followed by a trial where the cage didn't perform as expected and the 'cage fell heavily to the ground'. 11. Copy of letter from Thomas Dunne, Mining Manager, to Mr. Seymour, regarding the successful operation of Seymour's Patent Safety Cage at the 'Confluenca Mine', Malmsbury on 25th August 1882. Typed across bottom of last copy of letter: 'The foregoing data supplied by Mr. Frank Fitzpatrick of Eaglehawk and retyped by A. Llewellyn. Through the lapse of time some of the words are not decipherable. In copying there could be some slight errors.' safety cages, seymour's patent safety cage, j.h. seymour, nancarrow's safety cage, bendigo, mining, allan llewellyn,

The Churchill Island collection includes objects from the late 1800s to the mid-1970s. The collection is presented in sets and series, of which this windmill represents the Amess era.This windmill is anecdotally the oldest working mill of its model in Gippsland. Its connection to Churchill Island is vital as it has been a fixture since the late 1920s.Complete water-boring windmill on metal stand, with vane at head and pumphouse at base.COMETfarm, machinery, windmill, water, pumping, comet, churchill island, amess

Model of HMS Kashmir built by Shipwright Charles Axiak. He originally trained and worked in British dockyards during WW2. Emigrated to Australia in 1955 and finished working in Williamstown dockyards building the River Class Destroyers K Class Destroyers built in UK in 1930's.1. Model of K-class Destroyer UK. Grey in colour above water line and brown below water line with black stripe dividing. Model has complete details of deck, guns and screws. 2. Wooden stand tailor made to hold the model of the ship. Brown in colour with long flat board. Small individual pieces of wood glued to the top to form the cradle for the boat. Also 4 felt footings at bottom of cradle.G.12 painted on side.ships model, hms kashmir

Australian manufactured clasp knives were a standard issue to Australian Military Forces during World War 2. The most commonly encountered knife was an all metal model with a canoe shaped body. This knife was a Whittingslowe first pattern clasp knife which included a blade, a tin opener and a marline spike as well as screw driver and shackle to attach the knife to a lanyard or belt clip. These knives were given a dull Nickel plating to protect them. William Thomas Whittingslowe was born in Wales in 1888, he was educated in England and at 18 migrated to Canada and then to Australia, arriving in about 1912. After working in various states, he settled in South Australia and in the 1920s set up his own business, Whittingslowe Engineers Limited. He specialised in ironworking and knife manufacturing. His firm produced a large amount of blade ware during World War 2. He also designed and built manufacturing equipment for General Motors Holden. He died at Murray Bridge (SA) in 1956.This item is significance because it was donated by a member of the community of Wodonga which has a strong connection to Australian military history.A clasp knife made completely from metal with nickel plating. The accessories all fold into a canoe-shaped body. It included a knife, can opener and marlin spike.On knife blade: WE over a broad arrow/I\australian army equipment ww2, thomas whittingslowe, australian army

This ship model of the Wilhelmsburg was made by Johann Landmann during his journey on the very vessel, the sailing ship Wilhelmsburg. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill by the wife of Landmann's great-grandson. Landmann (or Landman, also known as August Landmann) was born in 1826 in Ganhor, Silesia, Prussia. At the age of 20, he travelled through Europe, working from town to town as a cabinet maker. At 26 years old he returned to Germany, married Anna Rosina in Wahlstatt, Prussia, and on the same day sailed for Australia on the Wilhelmsburg in 1853, the year the ship was registered. The Wilhelmsburg was a three-masted, square-rigged sailing ship built at Reiherstieg, Hamburg, and registered in Hamburg on 27th April 1853. On her maiden voyage in 1853, the ship sailed from Hamburg, Germany, to Australia with 510 passengers on board, including emigrants under the Bounty Scheme. Johan Landmann was one of the passengers. The Wilhelmsburg arrived in Hobson’s Bay, Melbourne after sailing for 100 days. Johann spent a week in Melbourne then travelled to Warrnambool aboard the Merry Kitty, arriving fourteen days later. Johann had landed in Melbourne with only 16 shillings in his pocket and by the time he arrived in Warrnambool, he only had one shilling and sixpence left. He also had very limited ability to speak English. He settled in the Allansford area, near Warrnambool, together with other families from Germany and went on to play a significant role in the history of Warrnambool. Johann worked as a cabinet maker in Warrnambool, making the first coffin in the Warrnambool cemetery. He also worked as a general merchant. He built many of the earliest shops in Warrnambool, and the first paddle boat used on the local Hopkins River. He made models of Warrnambool’s Ozone Hotel and Presbyterian Church; the model of the Hotel is now in the Warrnambool Art Gallery, and the model of the Presbyterian Church has been in the care of the Warrnambool & District Historical Society since around 2017. One of Landmann's residences was a two-storey building in Henna Street Warrnambool where he, lived upstairs and operated his business downstairs. After he retired Landmann built a ‘handsome stone residence’ at 30 Mickle Street, Warrnambool, where he lived until his death in June 1920; he was aged ninety-five. “Landmann Street” in Warrnambool has been named after Johann and appears on a map in 1872. He has also been honoured on Warrnambool’s Pioneer Memorial Board which is displayed at the Warrnambool and District Historical Society. Landmann's son Adolph Fritz Landmann (Fritz Landmann) born in 1861, was a Councillor from 1905 to 1915, and Mayor of Warrnambool from 1912 to 1915. The Wilhelmsburg sailed from Hamburg in 1863 heading for Queensland, Australia, but in December the vessel was wrecked off the coast of Holland during storms, with the loss of 247 lives.The ship model of the Wilhelmsburg is significant historically, having a connection to the maiden voyage of a ship that holds the record for the number of passengers carried in one journey on such a small vessel. It is also significant as it is believed to be the only existing model or representation of the ship. Johann Landmann, the maker of the model, was one of the earliest residents in Warrnambool and is a significant historical figure in colonial Warrnambool. He has the honour of appearing on the Memorial Pioneers’ Board. Landmann used his craftsmanship skills to make several early Warrnambool buildings, the first coffin in the cemetery, the first paddle boat on the Hopkins River as well as models of significant local buildings. Model of the sailing ship Wilhelmsburg, carved in wood by Johann Carl Augustus Landmann in 1853. The three-masted model barque is painted black. It has a long bow spit. flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, warrnambool, barque, wilhelmsburg, landmann, johann landmann, augustus landmann, landman, ozone hotel warrnambool, presbyterian church warrnambool, 30mickle street warrnambool, ship model, shipwreck coast, 1853, fritz landmann, warrnambool councillor, warrnambool mayor, anna rosina, maiden voyage, bounty scheme, hobson's bay, hamburg, merry kitty, coffin maker, cabinet maker, paddle boat, henna street, landmann street, pioneer memorial board

A lot of safety cages were developed in 1800s. Grippers on the cages acted to prevent the cages from "free fall" when the cables broke.Model of mining cage, metal construction, with safety cage not in working order.bendigo, gold mining, mining cage model

A lot of safety cages were developed in 1800s. Grippers on the cages acted to prevent the cages from "free fall" when the cables broke.Model of mining cage, metal construction, with safety cage in working order with ore truck. Made by Benedict Branch, won a medal at the Juvenile Tasmanian Industrial Exhibition (1883)bendigo, gold mining, mining cage model

Bushfire behaviour is influenced by many things including temperature, relative humidity, forest type, fuel quantity and fuel dryness, topography and even slope. Wind has a dominant effect on the Rate of Spread (ROS), and also bushfire size, shape and direction. Fuel arrangement is as important as fuel quantity (tonnes/ha). Fibrous and ribbon bark, together with elevated and near-surface scrub fuels act as ladders which lead flames into the tree canopy. But the availability of fuel to burn depends largely on its moisture content. When it exceeds 20-25% not much will burn, whereas 12-15% is generally ideal for fuel reduction burning, but if the moisture content drops as low as 7-10% virtually everything will ignite, and fire behaviour becomes extreme. During the afternoon of the Ash Wednesday bushfires on 16 February 1983 fuel moisture contents were recorded at Stawell as low as 2.7%. Fine fuels like leaves and bark can rapidly absorb moisture after a shower of rain, or from the air when the Relative Humidity (RH) is high, and the temperature is low. Conversely, they can also dry out very quickly. So even though the overall fuel quantity in the forest doesn’t change, the fine fuel availability can increase rapidly from zero after rain to many tonnes per hectare as the fuel dries out. This can happen over a few hours on hot and windy days. Heavy fuels like logs on the ground take longer to dry out. Since the 1930s foresters, firefighters and researchers have been working to develop quick and reliable techniques for measuring fuel moisture content. One of the most accurate methods is slowly drying a sample of fuel in a conventional oven for 24-48 hours to remove all the moisture and measuring the weight difference, but this takes time and is not practical in the field when rapid measurements are needed. But oven drying is often used as a benchmark to compare other methods. Microwave ovens are faster but can cause uneven drying and even char the fuel. They are also not very practical for use in the field. Some mathematical models rely on weather records such as rainfall, wind speed, evaporation, cloud cover, shading, relative humidity, slope, aspect and season of the year to predict soil and fuel moisture. The Keetch-Byram Drought Index of soil dryness is the most common. But complex fuels with leaves, twigs, grass etc make the predictive models often inadequate for fine fuels. The most common technique in Victorian forests until recently was the trusty Speedy Moisture Meter. Originally developed in England during the 1920s for measuring moisture in wheat and other grains it was adapted for Australian forest fuels in the 1950s (I think). Fuel was first ground using a Spong mincer, often attached to the bullbar of a vehicle, and a small sample placed into the Speedy together with a measure of calcium carbide and then sealed. A chemical reaction created gas pressure which was read on the external dial. There were important techniques with cleaning, mincing and using the chemicals with the Speedy to give reliable readings, but it was quick, inexpensive, robust, portable and practical in the field. It was used routinely before igniting a fuel reduction burn or measuring fuel moisture differentials on slash burns. But in about 1996, Karen Chatto and Kevin Tolhurst from the Department’s Creswick Research Station developed the Wiltronics Fuel Moisture meter which measured electrical resistance. Wiltronics is an Australian owned company operating from Ballarat. The final result was a kit that was portable, accurate and could reliably measure fuel moisture contents between 3% and 200%. Although expensive, it is now widely used by fire agencies around the world which has virtually relegated the Speedy to the back cupboard.Prototype Fuel moisture meterT-H Fine Fuel Meterforests commission victoria (fcv), bushfire, forest measurement

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.A black and white photograph of 104 Battery RAA Gunner Sgt Peter Tilbrook at one of his spare time occupations, making model airplane ashtrays from empty shells cases at Fire Base "Betty" during the 1969 Tet Offensive. The Battery was supporting 4RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion.photograph, 104 battery raa, tet offensive, 1969, 4 rar nz, sgt peter tilbrook, fire base betty, gibbons collection catalogue, gunner, model airplane ashtrays, denis gibbons, 4 rar/nz (anzac)

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.A black and white photograph of Gnrs Jim Dunn and Leo Adams with their opposite partners enjoy a game of euchre Gnr Kim Robinson tries 'Patience'. Opposite Sgt Pete Tilbrook is engaged in making model airplanes ashtrays from empty sell casings. The 104 Battery Gunners kept themselves busy in the 105mm gun position during a lull in action at 4 RAR/NZ Fire Support Base Bettyphotograph, artillery, 104 battery, raa, 4 rar nz, fire base betty, gnr jim dunn, gnr leo adams, gnr kim robinson, sgt peter tilbrook, gibbons collection catalogue, gunner, royal australian artillery, gunners, model airplane ashtrays, 4 rar/nz (anzac), empty shell casings, denis gibbons

A 160 page book of poetry and short stories relating mainly to snow life, with some skateboarding, surfing, mountain biking and skydiving additionsnon-fictionPeter Corney originally studied maintenance engineering and then became a pioneer snowboarder, moving to Falls Creek in 1991 . After 30 years of following winters, working in all aspects or mountain resorts and contributing to magazines and advertising as a model, writer and photographer, he put together poetry for the people along with ten short journals.peter corney, snowboarding, snow photography, falls creek

Colour photograph of Conndly on his horse with packhorse two working dogs and small mob of sheep demonstrating the dogs skills at the Agricultural Show Omeo Victoria 1993. Also two colour photographs of models wearing wool fashions on Doolans truck tray,fires, township