The history of metal packaging began in Bohemia in the 1200s. Metal has been produced for a very long time. But the first metal used for packaging was tin. In particular, it was the process of tin plating that was invented in Bohemia. Before this no other metal was economically able to be used for packaging. Later, in 1667 Andrew Yarranton, and English engineer, and Ambrose Crowley brought the method to England. Here it was improved by ironmasters including Philip Foley. Then by 1697, John Hanbury had a rolling mill at Pontypool in South Wales. The method they developed involved rolling iron plates using cylinders. This process enabled more uniform blank plates to be produced than was possible by just hammering the tin. https://www.shilohplastics.com.au/history-of-metal-packaging/The use of tin to protect and store food and other items, revolutionised the world.Tin container painted yellow with printed crosses and circles,. The lid is labelled "Robur Cross Stitch Company" and "R" imprinted in the centre although the lid is badly corroded. ‘Cross – Stitch’ (printed green in small crosses and circles) followed by ‘Nett Weight ¾ lb. (printed beige in crosses and circles). Pure Blended Tea. Robur Tea Co Ltd’ flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, robur tea co ltd, tea, tea caddy, tin, tin plating, food containers

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Used for rectal examinations. Stainless steel. 2 parts. Shaped like a gun the handle of the hollow holder being at a rectangle. The connections are attached to a cone shape. The part that fits inside this holder is straight with a handle at one end, with a shield to stop it travelling into its holder too far.Then it continues as a rod, half way along which is another shield until the rod stops at a solid half cylinder. The handle of the 'rod' is rounded with 8 faces.medical equipment. hospital equipment. sigmoidascope. rectum. mt beauty. tawonga.

This Personal Care kit was issued by the Australian Army to those in military service during WWII, including Dr.W.R. Angus. The kit was part of a soldier's equipment to guard against possible sexually transmitted infections. It is now part of Flagstaff Hill’s comprehensive W.R. Angus Collection, donated by the family of Dr W R Angus (1901-1970), surgeon and oculist. Dr W R Angus was a Surgeon Captain for the Australian Defence Forces, Army Medical Corps, stationed in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W. He completed his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. The W.R. Angus Collection: - The W.R. Angus Collection includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) and Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. It includes historical medical and surgical equipment and instruments from the doctors Edward and Thomas Ryan of Nhill, Victoria. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1927 at Ballarat, the nearest big city to Nhill where he began as a Medical Assistant. He was also Acting House surgeon at the Nhill hospital where their two daughters were born. During World War II He served as a Military Doctor in the Australian Defence Forces. Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool in 1939, where Dr Angus operated his own medical practice. He later added the part-time Port Medical Officer responsibility and was the last person appointed to that position. Both Dr Angus and his wife were very involved in the local community, including the planning stages of the new Flagstaff Hill and the layout of the gardens there. Dr Angus passed away in March 1970.This item is significant in Australia's Military History. It aids in understanding life in the military and the changes to normal life and morality. Dr W R Angus (1901-1970), surgeon and oculist, collected a range of military objects including those he personally used during his time as Surgeon Captain in the Australian Defence Forces in World War II. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The Collection includes historical medical objects that date back to the late 1800s.Australian Army personal care kit, WWII era. A rectangular brown box containing a small blue cardboard box with a leaflet and two small tubes of ointment inside it, four square waxed paper prophylactic packets and a brown cardboard cylinder with enclosed ends containing a waxy substance. The overall box has a handwritten inscription. The kit belonged to Dr W R Angus and are now part of the W. R. Angus Collection.On the large box, handwritten “ARMY ISSUE” On waxed paper wrapper; “CHECKER NEW LATEX PROPHYLACTIC” On the small box “THE BLUE LIGHT OUTFIT” “DIRECTIONS INSIDE” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, dr w r angus, w.r. angus collection, australian army, world war 2, second world war, australian defence forces, ww 2, ww ii, military equipment, army issue, personal care, personal hygene, prevention of std, prevention of sti, prevention of vd

This set of pairs of pintles and gudgeons was recovered from the wreck of the sailing ship Schomberg and was part of its rudder steering system. A reconstruction that includes four pairs is currently on display at Flagstaff Hill. The rudder installation of the Schomberg was almost seven metres tall. A pintle and gudgeon pair is a mechanical fitting that works like a pair of door hinges. One of the uses for this type of fitting is for ships’ rudders. On a ship, one or several gudgeons would be attached to the vertical rudder stempost on the rear of the ship’s hull. On the ship's rudder, an equal number of pintles would be fitted onto it. The rudder assembly would then fit down into the gudgeons on the ship and would be connected to its steering mechanism, allowing it to be moved from side to side and steer the vessel. The SCHOMBERG- The three-masted clipper ship Schomberg was built in 1855 by Alexander Hall and Co in Aberdeen, Scotland, for James Baines' famous Black Ball line. It measured 288 feet (88 meters) in length, with a beam of 45 feet (14 meters), a depth of 29.5 feet (8.99 meters) and 2,284 tons. The mainmast was 210 feet (64 meters) high and the ship carried 3.3 acres of sail. The wooden vessel was constructed with three skins; one planked fore and aft, and two diagonally planked. All skins were fastened together with screw-threaded trunnels (wooden rails). The Schomberg was one of only three clippers wrecked in Victorian waters that operated the England-to-Australia run. It was built to outrun Donald MacKay’s two American-built ships, the Empress of the Sea and the Lightning. It was hoped that Schomberg would make Liverpool to Melbourne voyage in sixty days, setting a record for the voyage. The Schomberg sailed from Liverpool on 6 October 1855 on her maiden voyage, under the command of Captain James Forbes. Her general cargo for Australia included jewellery, spirits, machinery, and 2,000 tons of iron rails and equipment for building the Melbourne to Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn, and17,000 letters and 31,800 newspapers. She also carried a cow for fresh milk, pens for fowls and pigs, plus 90,000 gallons of water for washing and drinking on board. There were approximately 473 passengers, including migrants for Australia, and a crew of 105. Light winds encountered at the equator dashed the expectations of a record-breaking voyage. On Christmas day the ship sighted Moonlight Head in southwest Victoria and even though there was a deadly combination of wind, currents and unmarked sand spits, the vessel continued on. Then the next day, December 26th 1855, the huge ship gently ran aground on a spit that juts into Newfield Bay, east of Curdies Inlet and the present town of Peterborough. Fortunately, the coastal trader, SS Queen, was nearby and managed to save all passengers and crew. In 1975 Flagstaff Hill’s former Director Peter Ronald and the team of divers recovered many objects and artefacts from the wreck of the Schomberg such as the ship’s fittings, equipment and personal effects including a diamond hidden for years in a communion set. This set of pintles and gudgeons is an example of steering equipment used on ships over 150 years ago, equipment that is still in use in today's shipping industry as well as many other everyday hardware applications.. The equipment is significant for its association with the ill-fated vessel Schomberg, which was wrecked in the local water in 1855 on its maiden voyage. The ship was built for speed and luxury, to sail on journeys with passengers, including migrants, travelling from Liverpool to Melbourne.Pintles and gudgeons, six pairs, plus one single pintle, from the wreck of the SCHOMBERG. Cast iron horse-shoe-shaped fittings with tapered ends. each with metal bars between the long sides. One piece of each pair has a round hollow cylinder and the other has a round solid shank. The single pintle has a tall shank with a pintle hook through it. Some pieces have remnants of grey paint.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, schomberg, shipwreck, pintles, gudgeons, ship's rudder, ship's steering, clipper ship, james bain, black ball line, alexander hall and co., capt. james bully forbes, rudder pintles and gudgeons, rudder steering, pintles and braces, immigrant ship, maiden voyage, peterborough, 1855, marine technology

The Club known today as the Bendigo Bowls Club originated from the Sandhurst Bowling Club in 1870/71 changing its name to Bendigo in 1872. It is located in central Bendigo just a short walk through the picturesque Rosalind Park from Bendigo’s central business district. https://bendigobowlsclub.com.au/history/ William Henry Sunderland was a Bendigo investor, member of the Bendigo Stock Exchange and director of many mining companies. His father, George, had been a mounted trooper assigned as a gold escort between Melbourne and Bendigo. William became the President of the Bendigo Bowling Club in 1916.Leather satchel with gold embossed text. Text reads B.B.C Holmes Trophy. Won by W. H. Sunderland. 1906-7. Inside the satchel are eight items pertaining to a men's toiletry set. These include; a comb, a mirror, a clothing brush, a glass cylinder with metal lid, a small metal tin, a razor strop, a shoe hook and a soap case. Four items appear to be missing from the set. The satchel has a leather carry handle.B.B.C Holmes Trophy Won by W.H.Sunderland 1906-7bendigo bowling club, men's toiletry set

G147.1 Black leather hinged box with two clips and a handle at the front. The box is lined with blue velvet in the box. The contains: G147.2 communion chalice; G147.3 and G147.4 round lidded communion wafer container; G147.5 cylindrical metal flask; G147.7 oblong wooden tray with central metal handle containing G147.8- G147.19 twelve communion glasses. There is a compartment in the lid which contains G147.20 a paten and G147.21 a Fosters Lager bottle opener."Presented to the REV. V. F. HADLEY. BY THE CONGREGATION OF SCOTS CHURCH DANDENONG ON HIS TAKING UP THE POSITION OF CHAPLAIN TO THE FORCES JAN 2ND 1943""rev. v. f. hadley, scots church dandenong

Forty One page book with dark red cover titled "Compressed Air Brakes for Tramways", published by Westinghouse Brake and Saxby Signal Co. May 1929. Cover - cloth texture laminated paper cover, dark red on outside, with embossed title and publishing details and Westinghouse logo embossed on rear cover. Forty printed pages sewn at three points into cover with page 41, tipped onto right hand edge of page 40, with a blind perforated strip to enable the sheet to be used as an Enquiry form to obtain a price regarding tram brake equipment. Covers compressed air brake systems in general for tramways, including layout drawings, straight air brake, braking ratio, brake cylinder sizing, reservoirs, air compressor type E13, DH16, E13, Governors ES16, Brake Valve No. 13, 9, brake cylinder, sand ejectors, reservoirs drain cocks, with an appendix describing the automatic brake system for use with trailers. Manual No. DP12."Colin Rutledge" stamped on top of page 1.trams, tramways, westinghouse, tramcar brakes, compressors, governors, equipment

This probably was used with single telephone cable earth return in WW1.This is a circular metal cable drum. The centre 'axle' is made a cylindrical piece of timber. It in turn, has a square metal bearing. This square metal bearing has a square hole in the centre 15 x 15 mm. This is held in place with 4 slotted screws. There is a small length of rubber covered cable exiting from one side of the drum. It is a 5 core cable. In the wooden drum is a metal sleeve. It can be slid around to reveal a metal screw terminal.On the side that has the cable exit can be seen, "HEARL & HEATON & SONS LTD 11 1918" ww1, cable drum

This filter is part of a complete set of a German gas mask dating to the First World War. This may have been a spare filter which was attached to a mask.Khaki coloured gas mask with leather face mask component. Two metal circles border plastic lenses of goggles which in turn have wire frame behind. Gas mask twists onto filter component which is a metal cylinder shape with layers of metal mesh inside; filter is removable. Mask has canvas band on interior for sweat absorption or comfort; attached to which are six straps which converge into loop at back of head.german, germany, world war i, world war 1, first world war, the great war, chemical warfare, gas mask, gas warfare, mustard gas

This "sewing and darning" box was purchased before 1952 (the date that the Clark Brothers merged with J&P Coats). It was in an era where the production and alteration/modification to any household or personal clothing was carried out by a family member/s. This was at the period where self sufficiency in rural and especially remote areas was a requirement and not just a hobby. Clothing modifications and "hand me downs" was a way of life. The long and tiresome journey from home to millinery shops was a great force to ensure that home sewing was carried out in the majority of residential and farm areas.This sewing box was donated by a pioneer family in the Kiewa Valley. Its significance points to an era before the establishment of the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme and the establishment of the Mount Beauty Township. It was a time when the rural industries of the Kiewa Valley was rich in production of beef, dairy products, tobacco leaf and before the mass of alpine adventurers that tourism sparked. It was a time rural enterprises out shone tourism.This wooden sewing box is covered with decorative paper. The lid is fastened to the bottom section with two small hinges each having four screws. Each side is fixed to the other by a mortise groove. At the front of the box is a small clasp for complete closure. The box contains needles, darrning thread, thimble, a glass vial with metal screwtop and a red plastic cylindrical container with a thimble screw on top(contains a small reel with three different cotton thread compartments).On outside lid "FROM A FRIEND. I DO NOT WISH THEE GRANDEUR, NOR YET A STORE OF WEALTH, I WISH THEE RICHER TREASURE, CONTENTMENT, PEACE & HEALTH", On inside lid "USE CLARK & CO ANCHOR COTTONS FOR HAND & MACHINE SEWING ANCHOR MILLS, PAISLEY" Each of the different sewing boxes from the Clark Bros. has a label with different "friend" passages.sewing box, hand stitching, domestic clothes alterations, haberdashery

This kit bag belonged to Keith Litchfield Arnel. Born in Kensington on 23 August 1910, and enlisting in Melbourne at the age of 33 on 14 July 1944, Keith Arnel served in the Royal Australian Air Force. At the time of his discharge, Keith Arnel had become a Flying Officer with the Air Force Headquarters Telecommunications Unit. Keith Arnel had two service numbers, VX68230 and 129880.Blue-grey kit bag, cylindrical in shape, constructed of one circlular piece at base with rectangular piece forming sides. Open at one end and fastened with a cream cord drawstring threaded through metal eyelets and fastened with a brass D shaped ring threaded through two eyelets. Inscriptions in cream-white paint on side of bag. One D ring attached to the circular base, possibly for the purpose of attaching a strap to form a duffle bag.Inscribed on side of bag “K.L.ARNEL/R.A.A.F./129880”kit bag, duffle, luggage

This scale was owned by Dr Angus, whose training and experience included chemistry and pharmacy. This is a sliding balance scale. The object to be weighed, such as a letter or a dose of medicine, is placed on the square metal plate and the weight, the slider, is moved along the notched metal arm and adjusted until the arm is horizontal, then reading is recorded of the figure the pointer on the slider is positioned. This design of small is often referred to as a letter scale. This item was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969.The scale is significant as an example of 20th century measuring and weighing equipment. It is also important for its association with the W.R. Angus Collection, which is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being a historical example of medicine, administration, household equipment and clothing from the late 19th to the mid-20th centuries. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Scale; a small sliding balance letter scale. The scale has a flat metal platform and a toothed metal balance arm with cylindrical brass weight. These are attached to a decorative metal stand that is mounted onto a shaped lacquered black wooden base. The sliding weight causes the arm to pivot on the stand. The arm is marked into equal-length segments from 0 to 8. Each segment is marked into halves. There is no maker’s mark. The scale is part of the W.R. Angus Collection.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, dr w r angus, letter scale, postal scale, balance scale, single arm scale, chemist scale, pharmacy scale, office equipment, retail equipment, sales equipment, measuring instrument, weighing instrument, technical instrument, medications, w.r. angus collection

The journal of the institution of locomotive engineers (London) with grey cover and black text. The journal president is M. F. Ryan Esq CBE. Publisher: the institution, 46 Malling St , Lewes Sussex , England. The contents include: new members, steel fireboxes and tubes, superheat estimation, Manchester meeting, Leeds meeting, relation of cylinder and boiler power to locomotive rating, writing on page 2 'J Badham 16 Abbott St Bendigo', item date 1919.M F Ryancottage, miners, j badham/the journal of the institution of locomotive engineers(london ) m f ryan

There are several different designs of drench guns within the NWM Collection that show the change in their development over time. On the left side of this gun white paint indicates the adjustable dose lever. It is a sliding scale from 10 to 0 cubic centimetres of liquid (now typical measure in millilitres). It also has a small and straight tip suggesting this gun was typically used for dosing Lambs as opposed to ewes. The manual adjuster helped to minimise cases of overdosing which can be fatal for livestock while the additional curvature helped to ensure the liquid reached the desired location within the sheep’s mouth. This desired location is on the left rear of the sheep’s tongue (from the sheep’s point of view) as this is where the oesophagus is located. The main risks are that drench may be delivered into the lungs via the trachea or “windpipe”, which can also prove fatal. The opening to the trachea which leads to the lungs is in the middle of the back of the throat. Another risk is the throat can also be damaged due to rough handling.Silver metal with black finishing drench gun. Straight tip on gun protrudes from the body which feature a thin squeezable trigger to the front of the body. The main bulk, which the trigger is squeezed towards has silver cylinder on top of the handle where tubing carrying the liquid drench into the gun attaches. The small section of tubing still attached has a yellow/orange appearance from remanence of drench which would have been this colour.sheep drenching, veterinary instruments

a metal bottle that is 37 centimetres heigh and an oval shape 16 and 13 centimetres diameter. The oval cylinder is 17 centimeters heigh the next 8 centimetres is conical shape that narrows to a four centimetre circle from which a four centimetre tube extends for 12 centimetres. The metal handle is attached to metal pieces that are riveted to the conical section of the bottle. the handle is 23 centimetres heigh and extends ten centimetres above the bottle, it's half a centimetre in diameterminer's item, crib bottle, water bottle

Junker's inhaler of brown glass, shaped as a cylindrical bottle, with two curved metal tubes protruding from a metal cap. One tube is connected to a brown rubber tube that ends in double-barrelled hand bellows. On the right is a black vulcanite rubber mask, which is also connected to a brown rubber tube. Junker's inhalers are a "blow over" device, used with hand-held bellows to bubble air through liquid chloroform in the jar and through to the patient.Hand-written inscription on bellows. "SVH 1968"inhaler, anaesthesia, chloroform, methyl, methylene

A draw knife or drawing knife, draw shave, shaving knife is a traditional woodworking hand tool used to shape wood by removing shavings. It consists of a blade with a handle at each end. The blade is much longer along the cutting edge than it is deep (from cutting edge to back edge). It is pulled or "drawn" toward the user. A draw knife is commonly used to remove large slices of wood for flat faceted work, to debark trees, or to create roughly rounded or cylindrical billets for further work on a lathe, or it can shave like a spokeshave plane, where finer finishing is less of concern than a rapid result. The thin blade lends itself to create complex concave or convex curves such as in making staves for barrels.A specialised tool used in many different types of wood working and in the making of barrels, this type of tool has been used for many hundreds of years by coopers and other woodworking craftsmen all around the world. It is a tool that has not changed in design during this time and is still used today by craftsmen in the making of wooden barrels for the storage of wines etc. However this item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Draw knife with metal blade and two wooden handlesNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, draw knife, coopers tools, woodworking tools, knife, cooperage

Optometrists are trained to examine eyes and prescribe visual aids such as spectacles. The optometer pictured in the media section of this document dates from the 1800s. The optometer was used with various lenses to determine the refraction of the eye. Refraction means the extent to which light is bent by an individual's eye. The result can determine how short-sighted or long-sighted they are, and the strength of spectacles required. In the second half of the 1800s, ophthalmologists also devised instruments to measure the separate components of vision. Dr Jules Badal developed the pictured instrument in 1876. It was based on an optometer invented by William Porterfield in 1759. The brass stands look as though they were made for an optometer to be table mounted, with heavy brass stands and designed to hold a cylindrical object securely as would be required by an optometer. Stands appear to have been very well made and very early probably early to mid 19th Century by a well known scientific instrument maker given there are no inscriptions or marks to indicate the time period made or maker it is difficult to assume significance to these items at this point in time as well as the items are incomplete.The brass stands believed to be for mounting an early Optometer an (ophthalmic instrument) Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, stands for scientific instrument

A draw knife or drawing knife, draw shave, shaving knife is a traditional woodworking hand tool used to shape wood by removing shavings. It consists of a blade with a handle at each end. The blade is much longer along the cutting edge than it is deep (from cutting edge to back edge). It is pulled or "drawn" toward the user. A draw knife is commonly used to remove large slices of wood for flat faceted work, to debark trees, or to create roughly rounded or cylindrical billets for further work on a lathe, or it can shave like a spokeshave plane, where finer finishing is less of concern than a rapid result. The thin blade lends itself to create complex concave or convex curves such as in making staves for barrels.A specialised tool used in many different types of wood working and in the making of barrels, this type of tool has been used for many hundreds of years by coopers and other woodworking craftsmen all around the world. It is a tool that has not changed in design during this time and is still used today by craftsmen in the making of wooden barrels for the storage of wines etc.Draw knife with metal blade and two wooden handlesNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, draw knife, coopers tools, woodworking tools, knife, cooperage

A draw knife or drawing knife, draw shave, shaving knife is a traditional woodworking hand tool used to shape wood by removing shavings. It consists of a blade with a handle at each end. The blade is much longer along the cutting edge than it is deep (from cutting edge to back edge). It is pulled or "drawn" toward the user. A draw knife is commonly used to remove large slices of wood for flat faceted work, to debark trees, or to create roughly rounded or cylindrical billets for further work on a lathe, or it can shave like a spokeshave plane, where finer finishing is less of concern than a rapid result. The thin blade lends itself to create complex concave or convex curves such as in making staves for barrels.A specialised tool used in many different types of wood working and in the making of barrels, this type of tool has been used for many hundreds of years by coopers and other woodworking craftsmen all around the world. It is a tool that has not changed in design during this time and is still used today by craftsmen in the making of wooden barrels for the storage of wines etc.Draw knife with metal blade and two wooden handlesMarkings on blade unreadable flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, draw knife, coopers tools, woodworking tools, knife, cooperage

A draw knife or drawing knife, draw shave, shaving knife is a traditional woodworking hand tool used to shape wood by removing shavings. It consists of a blade with a handle at each end. The blade is much longer along the cutting edge than it is deep (from cutting edge to back edge). It is pulled or "drawn" toward the user. A draw knife is commonly used to remove large slices of wood for flat faceted work, to debark trees, or to create roughly rounded or cylindrical billets for further work on a lathe, or it can shave like a spokeshave plane, where finer finishing is less of concern than a rapid result. The thin blade lends itself to create complex concave or convex curves such as in making staves for barrels.A specialised tool used in many different types of wood working and in the making of barrels, this type of tool has been used for many hundreds of years by coopers and other woodworking craftsmen all around the world. It is a tool that has not changed in design during this time and is still used today by craftsmen in the making of wooden barrels for the storage of wines etc. However this item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Draw knife with metal blade and two wooden handlesNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, draw knife, coopers tools, woodworking tools, knife, cooperage

A draw knife or drawing knife, draw shave, shaving knife is a traditional woodworking hand tool used to shape wood by removing shavings. It consists of a blade with a handle at each end. The blade is much longer along the cutting edge than it is deep (from cutting edge to back edge). It is pulled or "drawn" toward the user. A draw knife is commonly used to remove large slices of wood for flat faceted work, to debark trees, or to create roughly rounded or cylindrical billets for further work on a lathe, or it can shave like a spokeshave plane, where finer finishing is less of concern than a rapid result. The thin blade lends itself to create complex concave or convex curves such as in making staves for barrels.A specialised tool used in many different types of wood working and in the making of barrels, this type of tool has been used for many hundreds of years by coopers and other woodworking craftsmen all around the world. It is a tool that has not changed in design during this time and is still used today by craftsmen in the making of wooden barrels for the storage of wines etc. However this item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Draw knife with metal curved blade and two wooden handlesNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, draw knife, coopers tools, woodworking tools, knife, cooperage

A draw knife or drawing knife, draw shave, shaving knife is a traditional woodworking hand tool used to shape wood by removing shavings. It consists of a blade with a handle at each end. The blade is much longer along the cutting edge than it is deep (from cutting edge to back edge). It is pulled or "drawn" toward the user. A draw knife is commonly used to remove large slices of wood for flat faceted work, to debark trees, or to create roughly rounded or cylindrical billets for further work on a lathe, or it can shave like a spokeshave plane, where finer finishing is less of concern than a rapid result. The thin blade lends itself to create complex concave or convex curves such as in making staves for barrels.A specialised tool used in many different types of wood working and in the making of barrels, this type of tool has been used for many hundreds of years by coopers and other woodworking craftsmen all around the world. It is a tool that has not changed in design during this time and is still used today by craftsmen in the making of wooden barrels for the storage of wines etc. However this item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Draw Knife bent blade, metal with two wooden handlesNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, draw knife, coopers tools, woodworking tools, knife, cooperage

Bushfire behaviour is influenced by many factors including temperature, relative humidity (RH), forest type, fuel quantity and fuel dryness, topography and even slope. Wind has a dominant effect on the Rate of Spread (ROS), as well as fire size, shape and direction. Temperature and relative humidity have major impacts on fuel dryness and therefore upon the availability of fuel for combustion. A thermo-hygrograph measures and records both temperature and humidity. It produces a continuous record by drawing ink traces on a paper chart held in revolving cylinder. Humidity is measured by shortening or lengthening of specially treated horse hair. Temperature is measured by means of a bi-metallic strip. This particular instrument is a seven day recorder. The instrument is driven by clockwork. Thermo Hygro GraphNegretti & Zambra

Mr John Wilson Gillie was born on the 31st of March 1864. On the 31st of July 1880 he was apprenticed for four years to J.J. Wilson and Sons, Nautical Instrument Makers of Sunderland. Following the apprenticeship he spent six months to a year as an ‘improver’ in Glasgow, and then started a new company ‘Wilson and Gillie’ in North Shields. At this time sail had just given way to steam and wooden ships to steel, and the railways were competing with colliers for the carrying of coal from the North East of England to London and the South. In 1858 only seven out of 44 shipyards on the Tyne were using iron, but by 1862 there were ten, employing around 4,000 men. These changes had a significant effect on nautical instrument manufacturers, as the magnetic compass for a wooden sailing vessel was very simple and required little in the way of compensation. For steel vessels much more was required and this was a period of great development, both in the compass bowl and the binnacle in which it was housed. In 1870 Sir William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) designed his dry card standard compass, which completely replaced all previous designs. Wilson and Gillie started as agents for the Thomson compass, but later J.W. Gillie, using similar principles, redesigned the compass suspension and patented the ‘UNIT’ standard compass. It became popular with local shipowners and shipbuilders. In 1910 the firm of John Lilley and Son (which had been established in London in 1812), found themselves in financial difficulties and were saved with the help of John Wilson Gillie, who established, on the 8th of August 1911, a new firm of John Lilley and Son Limited. John Lilley and Son had been the sole London agents for Sir William Thomson, a very enviable position during this period, when the Thomson compass led the field. Unfortunately, Mr. Lilley had quarreled with the Glasgow company, who withdrew the agency and established their own branch in London (later to become Kelvin White and Hutton). On November 7th 1913, the firm of John Lilley and Son Limited of London amalgamated with Wilson and Gillie of North Shields, and after this date instruments manufactured by the two companies bore the name John Lilley and Son Limited of London and North Shields. During the 1930s many of the London nautical instrument makers were in difficulties, including John Lilley and Son Limited and Reynolds and Son, Dobbie and Clyde Limited, and Mr. J.W. Gillie arranged an amalgamation between these two companies. The new firm became Lilley and Reynolds Limited. In 1943, with estate duties in mind, the North Shields company was reconstituted and took the name of John Lilley and Gillie Limited, although the shareholders, directors and personnel remained unchanged In the early 1970s Lilley and Gillie developed close links with Observator in Rotterdam, who manufactured one of the first fully reliable transmitting magnetic compass systems. The Observator shareholders, Holland America Line, bought the share capital of John Lilley and Gillie Limited., but retained all the personnel and the directors. (See Links for more information)A significant item of early 20th century marine navigational equipment made by a leading manufacturer in the field from a company that is still producing marine navigational instruments today. John Lilleys company began in 1812 growing at a time when the transition of compasses from timber ships, to steel vessels. Compasses at this time required a method of compensation to allow their inclusion in steel vessels without magnetic deviation. This therefore was a period of great development, both in the compass bowl and the binnacle in which it was housed and the Lilley company were leaders in the field. Ships binnacle, wood with brass fittings, consists of 2 brass lamp holders, place for compass, Also has an inclinometer with a scale 40 to 0 to 40, one red and one green iron Kelvin compensation balls, one on each side of binnacle denoting port and starboard, a brass cylinder attached perpendicular at the rear for storing a Flinders Bar, 2 hinged cupboards containing adjustable wooden racks with drilled holes in them to hold iron Heeling error magnets.Textured brass plate attached to front stating "JOHN LILLEY & SON LTD (WILSON & GILLIE), NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, NORTH SHIELDS" . Inclinometer has "JOHN LILLEY & SON LTD (Wilson & Gillie) LONDON & NORTH SHIELDS" engraved. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, binnacle, john lillie & son ltd, compass

Southern Hydro Ltd. was established in the late 1990s as a result of the disaggregation of the former State Electricity Commission of Victoria. It operates 10 power stations mainly in the north-east of VictoriaSouthern Hydro continued to encourage tourism as did the former State Electricity Commission of Victoria. This brochure is very similar to one previously published by the SECV "Victoria's Hydro Power" except only including those that it operates. Within the KHES the power stations were McKay Creek, Clover and West Kiewa. The change of ownership of hydro power from a government body to private enterprise in the late 1990s is of significant interest to the historian and consumer.Colored photo water spraying onto rocks with black strip across the bottom and logo (4 gold lines forming an "S", a blue triangle with grey cylinder beneath) of Southern Hydro within the strip. Back cover has a similar photo with 4 small photos of men inserted in the black column. This 23 page book gives a history of Southern Hydro and its 10 hydro-electric power stations that it operates. The book lists these and gives a description of each.Top right hand corner of page 5 has a piece of tape stuck over the print with "Page 11 to photo copy & enlarge" secv; khes; mckay creek power station; clover power station; west kiewa power station; mount beauty; rocky valley dam;

This grain scale tester was used to work out the percentage weight of a sack of grain after the grain husk, dust and dirt were removed, thereby allowing for the calculation of the true value of the sack. The parts were attached to the box via the screw on top of the box and the cleaned grain went into the funnel to measure a fixed grain amount, before being released from the bottom of the funnel into the barrel which was then hung on the end of the scale. The weight was then slid down the graduated ruler until the scale balanced. Grain scale testers would have been used in farming in the Western District in the past and similar objects may still be in use. This grain scale tester is retained as a good example of an agricultural item from the past.This is a grain tester scale in a wooden box. .1 The wooden box has two metal hinges and wooden inserts inside with blue felt on the tops of the inserts. The box has a metal plaque on the lid and a round metal hole section for inserting a piece of equipment. .2 This is a metal flask on a stand. Part of it is rusty. .3 This is small metal cylinder with a lid. .4 This is a metal bar with measurements, a hook at the top and a slide or weight fitting on to the bar. .5 This is a small metal screw. ‘Lbs per bushel’ ‘Australian Manufacture by Australasian Scale Co. Ltd., Thomas Street, Sydney N.S.W.’ agricultural instruments, history of warrnambool, grain scale tester

Tin container (cylinder), soldered joints. Flat bottomed. Curved top. WW1. One end has sloping surfaced. One end is open. Originally covered with leather and strapping. The interior used to have a soft lining. Numerous holes or various shape in sloping end. The tine is rusty and most leather has perished away. Lid to suit container originally leather covered. The original display card states "dug up in France. Believe to be some type of field telephone container. containers, equipment