This iron was used by women to press the clothes from the mid 19th century. Coal embers were put inside, heating the base of the iron. Small bellows could be used to fire up the embers in order to keep the iron hot. This item is significant as it represents the appliances used by women from the mid 19th century until the advent of electricity.This charcoal iron is made of cast iron. It has a hinged lid so that embers can be put inside as the source of heat. The lid has a curved funnel and a wooden handle. The funnel kept the smoke away from the clothing. Bellows would be used to blow air into the iron and keep the coals burning. It has a wooden handle and the lever used to open the lid is also made from wood. There is a hole with a swivel cover at the back of the iron to check the coals. "S" on the swivel cover.domestic appliances, household items, women's work

This vase is part of collection donated by Mrs. Jean Raper. It belonged to her grandmother, Mrs. Alice Dinsmore.This item is from Raper Collection donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Mrs. Jean Raper. A small ruby glass vase. Although this vase has no markings, decorative items made from ruby glass were popular during the Victorian era and the early 20th century.vase, glassware, decorative items

Electric kettles were invented by the English to speed up tea preparation. In Australia fancy ceramic electric jugs quickly became a status symbol. During the Great Depression era anyone who could offer you a cuppa from a beautiful Electric Kookaburra Jug was considered to be doing well. Made by Nilsen Porcelain Australia in the 193Os, these kettles were unique for their charming art deco bird shape. Nilsen Electric Kookaburra Jugs are now regarded as a classic Australian icon prized by collectors. Oliver John Nilsen was born in Collingwood, Victoria in 1894. In 1916 he began his own electrical business, Oliver J. Nilsen & Co. (later Oliver J. Nilsen (Australia) Ltd). Nilsen's manufactured goods included such diverse products as transformers, bearings, battery chargers, bells, buzzers and gongs, porcelain ware, fuses, insulators and neon signs. Nilsen Porcelain Australia was a smaller company within the Nilsen group. Nilsen still operates as an electro-technology company operating throughout AustraliaThis jug is an excellent example of art deco ceramic appliances of the 1930s to 1950s on both a local and national level. It is also representative of products developed by a major Australian manufacturer. Earthernware ceramic jug, moulded in art deco style to represent an Australian kookaburra.vintage electric kettles, kitchen appliances, nilsen australia

The company R. Fowler Limited was established in Sydney, in 1837 when Enoch Fowler (1807-1879) came to Australia from Ireland and is known today as the oldest pottery still in operation in Australia. They were mostly known for producing bottles, jars, and pipes. The pottery was originally located at Abercrombie Place on Parramatta Street, Chippendale, NSW before they relocated to Glebe in 1847. Later the pottery manufactured building materials such as tiles, pipes, and chimney pots. As the business grew, they moved to Parramatta in the 1850s. Enoch's son Robert (1839-1906) had joined the company, and took over its management in 1873, changing the name to “R Fowler Sydney” in 1880. Robert opened further sites at Marrickville and Bankstown, with the company becoming R. Fowler Limited in 1919. The factory at Thomastown, Melbourne was opened in 1927 from which time the trademark on this bowl was used. An item made by an Australian company during the first half of the 20th century. The item is significant as it gives a snapshot of the early development of manufacturing companies in Australia. It is typical of kitchenware used throughout Australia during the early 20th centuryA small Fowler Ware mixing bowl produced by R. Fowler Ltd. Thomastown, Victoria with Maker's mark clearly imprinted underneath the bowl.Set in circle underneath the bowl "R. FOWLER LTD./ THOMASTOWN/VIC"kitchenware, r. fowler ltd, pottery australia

Sales plan for land in the suburb of Highett, bounded by Wickham Road, Railway Parade, Highett Road and Point Nepean Street. The developing urban area of Highett within the City of Kingston. This land sale pamphlet illustrates the subdivision of land within the municipality and the changing demographic of the district as new houses are constructed. The extension of the railway line from the city to Mordialloc opened up the land for development.Black and white pamphlet advertising for private sale the Station Entrance Estate, Highett. Incorporates a map of the estate bordered by Wickham Road, Railway Parade, Highett Road and Point Nepean Road. Handwritten in black ink on reverse: Station Entrance / Estate / Late [indecipherable]highett, land sales, estate

Sales plan for land in the suburb of Highett, bounded by Spring Road, Highett Road and Worthing Terrace.The developing urban area of Highett within the City of Kingston. This land sale pamphlet illustrates the subdivision of land within the municipality and the changing demographic of the district as new houses are constructed.Colour pamphlet advertising Allan's Estate, Highett. Incorporates a map of the estate bordered by Spring Road, Highett Road and Worthing Terrace.Handwritten in grey pencil on reverse: Allan's Estate / Highett Crossed out in blue pencil on front: Name and address of what appears to be a solicitorhighett, land sales, estate

The route maps give for each tram, including cable trams, and bus routes, a map of the fare structure, sections, all-night routes, details of transfers and tickets such as combined tickets. Not dated as such but sheet 1 has a note regarding the East Brighton - St Kilda route that it was out of date from 16/10/1938.Yields information about the MMTB fare structure for tram, and bus routes during the 1930s.Album brown card heavy card coves, secured with two interscrews containing a type index, 33 cartridge paper sheets with ink drawings and six loose sheets. Hand drawn in black, red and green ink.mmtb, tramways, fares, maps, routes, buses, cable trams

Rose Series postcard No. P 3268, titled "Cathedral Square Melbourne", with a number of W2 class trams in the view. Note the lamp on the top of the prow for the tram stop safety zone. In the view are Flinders Street railway station, Young and Jacksons hotel, Crofts Store, Hostess Showrooms, Yons Cafe with the Sennett's Ice-cream sign and Manon ladies shoes.Yields information about Swanston St. near the intersection with Flinders Lane. 1930'sPostcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear. Unused.trams, tramways, w2 class, swanston st, flinders street station

Valentine's postcard titled "Swanston Street Melbourne", Number V49, looking south along Swanston St from Bourke St, Has about 9 W2 class trams in the view. Taken prior to the construction of the Manchester Unity building on the corner of Collins and Swanston Streets. The Capitol building, Cafe Frances, Cann's Ladies Wear, Gasava Health Cooker, Cafe National and Kodak are in the view.Yields information about Elizabeth St, during the early 1930s.Postcard - printed, unused, Valentine Series - with a perforated edge on the left hand side.trams, tramways, swanston st, w2 class

Niucolorvue postcard titled "Beautiful Collins Street looking west Melbourne", looking west from near Exhibition St. Has W2 class tram 532, route 44 eastbound. In the background is the T&G building.Yields information about Collins St, during the 1930s.Postcard - printed, unused, coloured, by Nucolorvue Productions, Mentone Victoria.trams, tramways, w2 class, collins st, tram 532

Murray Views postcard No. 59, titled "Collins Street Melbourne from Treasury, Melbourne Vic." Has W2 class tram 509 route 47, Kew Depot turning from Collins St into Macarthur St. Thee is a lady waiting in the safety zone on the south side of the street. In the background is the T&G building.Yields information about Collins St, during the 1930s.Postcard - printed, unused, by Murray Views of Gympie Qld.trams, tramways, w2 class, collins st, tram 509

Niucolorvue postcard titled "The Block Collins Street Melbourne", looking east from Elizabeth St. Has two W2 class trams in the view. As well as Kodak House, Howey Court, Manchester Unity building, and the Town Hall are in the background.Yields information about Collins St, during the 1930s.Postcard - printed, unused, coloured, by Nucolorvue Productions, Mentone Victoria.trams, tramways, w2 class, collins st

Rose Series postcard No. 52, Elizabeth Street Melbourne looking south from Lonsdale Street with a policeman on point duty and a W2 class tram heading south with Flinders Street Railway Station in the far background. Note the street lights on each corner. On one corner is Smiths watchmaker and pawnbroker and the Michael's Chemist store.Yields information about the intersection of Elizabeth and Londale Steets in second half of the 1930's.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear. Copy print without Rose name on the rear also held. elizabeth st, lonsdale st, trams, mmtb, w2 class

Rose Series postcard No. P 1523, titled "Collins Street Melbourne", with W2 class tram 388 (Kew Depot, route 47), climbing the hill to Russell Street. Yields information about Collins Street mid 1930s.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear. Two copies held.tramways, trams, w2 class, collins st, tram 388, route 47

Southern Series No. 26, titled "St Paul's Cathedral Melbourne" looking from the Flinders St station clock tower to the Cathedral. Has three trams in the view and a number of motor cars and trucks.Yields information about St Paul's Cathedral during the 1930sPostcard - printed, unused, Southern Series No. 26trams, tramways, w2 class, swanston st, st paul's cathedral, flinders st

Rose Series postcard No. P 3942, Collins Street looking west, shows a view from Exhibition Street with several motor cars. A W2 class tram with route number boxes is in the far distance, and some pedestrians, including a lady in a white habit or uniform. The T&G building sports its original tower as built in 1929. Yields information about Collins St. mid to late 1930s.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear.trams, tramways, collins st, w2 class

Rose Series postcard No. P 4827 titled "Fitzroy Street St Kilda Vic" showing two W2 class tramcars at the intersection of Fitzroy Street and The Esplanade St Kilda. Tram W2 class No. 362 is inbound while W2 548 is outbound to St Kilda Beach at Ackland Street. The St Kilda Cenotaph, dedicated on 25th April 1925, and a small part of the Catani Gardens are on the left side. Tram Route number boxes appear to not be in use yet and W2 No 548 look very new with its unique St. Louis EIB64 trucks (bogies) . St. Kilda Junction appears in the distant background. Yields information about Fitzroy Street, St Kilda early1930s.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear and remnants of blue card on the rear.trams, tramways, w2 class, tram 362, fitzroy st, st kilda, the esplanade, tram 548

Valentine's postcard titled "Swanston Street, Melbourne", Number V45, looking south from the yard at St Paul's Cathedral to Flinders St Station. There is a W2 Class tram at both the southbound tram stop in Swanston St and one in Flinders St. In the background is St Paul's Cathedral, Princes Bridge station, Flinders St station, and Young and Jackson Hotel, Yields information about Swanston Street during the 1930s.Postcard - printed, unused, Valentine Seriestrams, tramways, swanston st, princes bridge station, flinders street, w2 class

The Churchill Island collection includes objects from the late 1800s to the mid-1970s. The collection is presented in sets and series, of which this windmill represents the Amess era.This windmill is anecdotally the oldest working mill of its model in Gippsland. Its connection to Churchill Island is vital as it has been a fixture since the late 1920s.Complete water-boring windmill on metal stand, with vane at head and pumphouse at base.COMETfarm, machinery, windmill, water, pumping, comet, churchill island, amess

Rose Series postcard No. P 957 titled "Fitzroy Street St Kilda Vic" showing two W2 class tramcars at the intersection of Fitzroy Street and The Esplanade St Kilda. Tram W2 class No. 407 (route 15) is inbound while W2 274 (route 67) is outbound. In the view is the Hong Kong cafe sign together with advertisements for Seppelts and Penfolds wines.Yields information about Fitzroy St, St Kilda late 1930s.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear and remnants of blue card on the rear.trams, tramways, fitzroy st, st kilda, the esplanade, w2 class, tram 402, tram 274, route 67, route 15

Negative (120) of a Grip car body in a park with a family sitting on the tram. Could be the Ellis family. Caption to donation sheet says Edwards Lake, Reservoir late 1930's. See image htd3621i1 and i2 for an image of Inspector Ellis.trams, tramways, cable trams, edwards lake, grip tram, reservoir

Reproduction of Rose Series postcard No. 547 of Ryrie St Geelong with tram No. 7 east bound and another tram in the distance. Photo shows the tramway centre poles. Has the old Geelong Post Office (see reference) on the left side of the image.Yields information about Ryrie St Geelong.Reproduction of Rose series postcard No. P547 trams, tramways, geelong, ryrie st, geelong post office, tram 7

Photograph shows Ballarat 28 after it has been converted to a one-man tram with doors and blinds. Steps are folded up. See reference document for tramcar history. Based on the background, photographed at Gardens Loop in Wendouree Parade late 1930's or early 1940s. Has the SEC green and cream colour scheme. Photographer unknown.Yields information about tram 28 after completion of its conversion to a one-man tram.Black and white print on paper.tramways, ballarat, tram 28, gardens loop, wendouree parade

Photograph of Bendigo Tram No 3 at the tram depot, with the destination of Depot. Tram in the ESCo Red and Cream colour scheme with the tram number on the side of the vehicle. The tram commenced life with the Hawthorn Tramway Trust as their No. 8. Became No. 114 when the MMTB took over, sold to the SEC in 1931 and became Bendigo No. 3. It was donated to the AETA in 1956 and subsequently rebuilt as HTT 8. The tram is on display at the Melbourne Tram Museum Hawthorn. See reference for further details. One of a series of 7 photos (items 9108 to 9114) possibly taken at the time of the SEC takeover in 1934 to illustrate the type of tram that was being used at Bendigo. Possibly an SEC report photo. Based on the book Destination Eaglehawk, most likely from the Basil Miller collection.Yields information about Bendigo tram 3 during the mid 1930s.Photograph, black and white with notes on rear.In ink on rear "No. 3 - Electric Supply Co of Victoria (Prior to 1934 when SEC acquired the undertaking), and Ken Magor stamp.tramways, trams, bendigo, tram 3, aeta, tram 8

These items do not necessarily form a set. Several of the items are of miniature size and may have been samples for commercial travellers or shop displays or possibly used by women travelling. All of the items have their modern-day equivalents though hand fans are not widely used today.These items are retained as examples of women’s accessories as used in past years. The sample-size items have a particular appeal to us today.This is a collection of women’s accessories and make-up items with most of the items being of miniature or sample size. .1 Green bakelite fan with a white ribbon insert and fretwork at the top curved end of the fan. .2 Three lipsticks with red lids and black and gold metal inserts. .3 One lipstick with a pink lid and a silver and red metal insert. .4 Two lipsticks with gold lids and gold metal inserts. .5 Green tin of talcum powder with a white lid .6 Manicure set in a green bakelite container with four metal manicure items with green handles and an emery board. This set holder also contains a 5d. tramway ticket from Melbourne. These items above are in an old metal chocolate tin but this is not the container that would have housed the items originally. ‘Michel’ ‘Anne Page’ ‘Starlet’ ‘Judith Aden’ ‘Cashmere Bouquet Colgate’ ‘Pascall Claremont Tasmania’ vintage women’s accessories, history of warrnambool

Bushfire perimeter rather than bushfire area is the main control problem for firefighters on the ground. A conundrum rapidly compounded by spot fires. A small 5 ha fire can be nearly 1 km around the perimeter. That's a long way to build a control line by hand in rough bush. Dry firefighting techniques by hand were mostly confined to “knocking down” or “beating out” the flames, as well as "digging out". Digging or raking a “mineral earth” trail down to bare dirt proved most effective in forest fuels which, unlike grass, tend to retain heat and smoulder. Early tools were whatever happened to be close at hand. They were simple and primitive and included shovels, slashers, axes, hoes, beaters and rakes. A cut branch to beat the flames was often the only thing available. Farming and logging tools, developed over centuries of manual labour, and readily available at local hardware stores came into use, but little thought was given to size, weight, and balance. This canvas hose beater was based on a century-old design which used lengths of canvas fire hose rivetted together and lashed with wire to a broom handle. The hose was be soaked in water to improve its effectiveness. If the flames were more than a metre or so the user was generally not able to get close enough to extinguish the fire It's recommend that users lift no more than above knee height to conserve energy and let the beater to the work. For years foresters experimented with combination tools. In about 1952 fire beaters and other implements were being replaced with Rakuts and later RakehoesEarly firefighting toolBushfire beater - Canvas with wooden handleR P PWD (Public Works Department) The handle has painted markings which indicate which FCV District it belonged to.bushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv)