Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders in the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. Federation University VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree – on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge.Professional coloured photographs. Presenter and recipient standing in front of VIOSH banner.viosh, viosh australia, occupational health and safety, victorian institute of occupational health and safety, occupational hazard management, ian benjamin, susan capper, george cavanagh, paul coghlan, bryan colburn, timothy crouch, iain day, karina dine, david ellis, ken fuhrmeister, iain gillespie, donald gillies, linda grannas, rhonda hall, sue hardy, genevieve hawkins, paul hennekam, danielle mik, jo millard, vanessa moore, ashok nath, geoffrey poulton, terry ridley, jennifer sever, brian smith, kerry smith, krystie spratt, ian sterry, david taylor, sean turner, allison warwick, judith wenban, stuart wright, william wasley, linda smith, rae epthorp human factors prize, steve cowley, andrew stevens

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders in the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. Federation University VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree – on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge.Professional coloured photographs. Presenter and recipient standing in front of VIOSH banner.viosh, viosh australia, occupational health and safety, victorian institute of occupational health and safety, occupational hazard management, ian benjamin, susan capper, george cavanagh, paul coghlan, bryan colburn, timothy crouch, iain day, karina dine, david ellis, ken fuhrmeister, iain gillespie, donald gillies, linda grannas, rhonda hall, sue hardy, genevieve hawkins, paul hennekam, danielle mik, jo millard, vanessa moore, ashok nath, geoffrey poulton, terry ridley, jennifer sever, brian smith, kerry smith, krystie spratt, ian sterry, david taylor, sean turner, allison warwick, judith wenban, stuart wright, william wasley, linda smith, john maclean, steven baldwin, paul brass, phil clark, dennis cordner, save crawcour, steven duke, david fitzgerald, julie fitzgerald, gary lennon, patrick mcattackney, sue pannet, stephen pavlich, lloyd quarmby, noel read, tricia smith, robert turner, barrie wright, rae epthorp human factors prize, matthew piscioneri, steve cowley

The HMAS Australia and Brisbane are documented as visiting Port Melbourne circa WW1 and WW2.HMAS Australia has been a significant link and factor in the history of the Mission. Padre Frank Oliver Chaplain from 1930-60 served on the ship in WW2. Cadets and officers also regularly visited the Mission. The pier also played a significant role in the development and life of Melbourne. Small landscape b & w photograph depicting view along a pier with railway lines and three ships ( 2 appear to be naval vessels) moored on the right hand side of the frame. A horse and cart can be seen on the pier in the middle distance. handwritten inscription on the page below the photograph.hmas australia, hmas brisbane, port melbourne pier, station pier, fan album

HMAS AustraliaHMAS Australia has been a significant link with and factor in the history of the Mission and staff. Padre Frank Oliver Chaplain from 1930-60 served on the ship in WW2. Cadets and officers also regularly visited the Mission. The pier also played a significant role in the development and life of Melbourne.Small landscape sepia image depicting 3-funnel stack battleship moored at a pier, an ships ensign flies at far right of frame.handwritten inscription below photograph adhered to album page.battleship, hmas australia, ww1, fan album, ships, piers, port melbourne

Brochure issued by the Institute of Public Affairs prior to the 1949 Australian federal election criticising the Labor government policy of bank nationalisation.The Australian Labor Party's bank nationalisation policy was strenuously opposed by conservative parties and organisations, and probably was a significant factor in its loss of the 1949 federal election.Leaflet 4 p. printed in black on white paperinstitute of public affairs (n.s.w), australian labor party, bank nationalisation, politics

These educational publications covering a topical monthly theme and providing a slice "of the era" in general knowledge, was used by schools in Victoria as a basic starting point for a particular level of perceived knowledge. The general articles and extracts contained within, were not targeting a specific gender or socio economic sector but designed for all children at a particular stage of their development. This publication did have a format of: 1st page topical, e.g. ANZAC day scouting (U.N.), one page of regional Victoria, one page of poetry, one page of short stories, one page of world history and the last page of a song, complete with appropriate notes. These publications were produced during the second World War and made special references to it. This publication occurred during a period when the Education Department was highly authoritarian in its approach to State levels of learning. Fragmenting "special" schools like later "New Age" teaching methods and doctrines (home schooling) were repressed with considerable force.This binder full of monthly educational studies was particularly important to "hidden away" rural communities such as in the Kiewa Valley, especially at this point in time (World War II). The teaching methods used by local schools provided the necessary break through required by local school children to stop any adverse knowledge deficiencies due to factors of regional isolation. School children with in the Kiewa Valley would be able to integrate with children from all regions, weather in cities or larger towns. This hard cover (card) binder contains 11 monthly publications produced by the Victorian Department of Education for Grades 7 and 8 in the year 1947. Each issue has 16 pages with the cover page covering the major theme for the month. Each issue is placed within the folder by the folded middle page constrained by a thin cord. This is the only method to contain each monthly edition as they have no clasp or are stapled.The folder"SCHOOL PAPER COVER" underneath and to the left is a sketch of the world (revolving desk top stand) on top of a book and next to this "Name ------------ " underneath "Grade-----------" underneath "School---------" all enclosed by a thin border line.school paper, victorian education curriculum, education news letters, loose leaf educational binders

This publication was produced in the early 1950s to provide the growing tourism trade (at this time), to the region with a more detailed overview of the facilities available to tourists of the region's attractions. This brochure is a very efficient and effective promotional publication. The increasing level of self promotion by local business and commerce sectors of the region the more sought after the region became and the greater the ability of the region to grow (non rural based economy). Some of the regions unique facilities and geological structures are well suited to those tourists who live in cities and "flat land" regional bush areas within Australia. This was a period when the average Australian domestic tourist was more able (finance and transport wise) to see more of their country within the short time they had for "holidays". In the late 1900s, however, with the increase to workers' recreational leave and better transportation (fares, ease of travel to overseas destinations) the local tourism numbers from other domestic locations have been steadily declining. From the 1970s onwards, the increased tourism demand from overseas tourists, for better facilities and easier access to these regional facilities, resulted in better transport, accommodation and communication, which has been a boon for all tourism within Australia. In the 21st century the world is becoming smaller and smaller for the international tourist, especially for those from crowded Asian cities. The greater attraction for "open" spaced locations such as this region are becoming a much sought after change of scenery. This pamphlet which targets the tourist, whether either from other Australian regions or the global tourist, is a good example of self promotion by a relatively small local population. This is especially significant because before the "tourist explosion" in the 1950s onward, these regional areas had a more introspective society with greater emphasis to locally established mores and values. The increased interactions with people from other areas and nations, combined with a greater global communication network is affecting those traditionally established mores to produce a some what unique social transformation which is constantly changing from one generation to the next. One important factor which tourism does bring is that it opens up the region to a wider range of people who look to the region for their own lifestyle changes.This pamphlet has a front cover in colour with the major activities in the region sketched depicting : sunshine, snow skiing, trout fishing, mountain climbing, golfing, swimming, alpine views, tennis, lawn bowls and picnics. The back cover is blank. The pamphlet is fastened together by two staples 30mm from top and bottom, and is folded with the cover slightly thicker than the fifteen pages. Thirteen pages have been printed on both sides. The first page has a black and white photograph of the hotel Alpine and the tall brick constructed Clock Tower. There are another five black and white photographs in the pamphlet.on front cover "Guide to BRIGHT"local tourism, regional information booklet, "time" related brochures, alpine local history

This teacher's aid publication targets the creative and imaginative areas of primary school children's development. It is in a time period at the beginning of television(home intrusion) broadcasts and concentrates on the mental and physical tasks that produce tangible(physical) outcomes. The book concentrates on furthering the students abstract regions of their imagination. This was in a period where physical not electronic flexibility were the target of development. The increase in visual communications both at home and outside the home through social media means has intruded into the fundamentals that is presented in this teacher's aid publication.This publication is significant to both the Alpine and the Kiewa Valley regions because it demonstrates the Victorian State's Educational objectives of this period in time (1960's - 70's). The primary school's educational objectives were to enhance the development of school children's abstract mental abilities. These abilities prompted the mental processes to "think outside of the square" and is one of the major factors behind the development of "new inventions". This ability has produced many "Australian" inventions that have had worldwide applications. This book has a hard cover with photographs of "school" children constructing various "simple" items.Inside cover has a sticker "HALL'S BOOK STORE" and underneath in smaller print "New, Used and Rare Books" underneath this "371 Bourke Street, Melbourne' underneath "262 Chapel Street, Prahran". On the fly leaf is stamped "STATE SCHOOL 4590 BOGONG Vic" and written below "1769" 680 DIM"book, school, mental and physical stimulation, school activities

This early 1900's tin which contained loose leaf blended tea was imported into Australia by those tea merchants who wanted to provide the Australian tea drinkers with quality tea. It could well be early Lipton distributors to both city and rural clients and consumers. This was in a period when most rural families were heavy tea drinkers. It was well before the introduction of coffee as a drink (especially instant) for the early morning, after meals and general "drink any time" pick me up beverage.This relatively large tea tin marks a period in time when loose leaf tea was in great demand and large quantities were not only used by families but also restaurants, workers mess halls and remote large rural families. The ability to obtain a quick tea supply in semi remote rural areas such as the Kiewa Valley was not possible due to the factors of all weather road access and the economics of traders going out of their way. Stocking up with important beverages, such as tea, was a "one of those things" that early rural communities had to endure with. Bulk storage tins such as this item were not only a requirement but also offered storage for other household items. This usefulness was not overlooked by the "canny" rural family.This large metal tin container was specifically manufactured for the kitchens requiring a bulk storage "bin" type of loose leaf tea content. When emptied, it could also be used as a general kitchen storage container for other bulk consumables.On the front side and in the background, there are three sketches of Egyptian pyramids(increasing in size from left to right). At the forefront there is a camel "train" loaded with supplies and handlers, making their way over the sandy desert going towards a large sign(in a freehand script) "PYRAMIDS BLEND". The left side "Specially Selected" and underneath "PURE TEAS" below this and within a circle is the figure of a Geisha clad of Asian appearance (with a fan in a raised hand with boxes(of varying sizes) around her. All these are in (off white design and wording on a green background. On the back in green print on off white background "PYRAMIDS BLEND" and underneath "OF SPECIALLY SELECTED PURE TEAS". On either side are columns of similar print. To the left "THESE UNRIVALLED BLENDS ARE GUARANTEED TO CONTAIN ONLY PURE TEAS".To the right "SPECIALLY SELECTED FROM THE CHOICE GROWTHS OF CHINA INDIAN & CEYLON". Below both columns is "for delicacy & fragrance of flavor, combined with great strength, and are confidently recommended to the public as the best values in teas obtainable" On the last side is a sketch of an " Indian encircled, holding a staph with palm trees in the background and four tea containers on his left, with "PYRAMID BLEND" as a subject heading. There are two Oxen pulling a two wheeled cart with a load of six large boxes. On lid and barely readable "FIVE POUNDS NET"loose leaf tea containers, food storage tins, kitchen tidies

The egg preservation material offered in this tin was during a period in Australia's history (especially in the rural areas) when the "freshness" of produce was not able to be maintained by refrigeration means. Rural towns did rely on the "Ice Works" providing block ice for prolonging "produce shelf life" however semi remote and smaller communities did not have that facility. It was products such as this egg preserving ability that enabled these smaller rural communities to maintain a constant source of healthy "short life" organic produce.This tin which contained egg preservative powder is very significant to a rural region (Kiewa Valley) in the late 1800's to early 1900's. It details the type of food preservative methods that were available to rural areas which lacked proper refrigeration means at their disposal. Basic foodstuff which required "special" preservation means to extend their "shelf" life were sometimes regarded as luxuries by semi remote communities. Kiewa Valley and its regions were typical of these remote communities in the time frame of this egg preservation product. The ability to keep products that deteriorate due to "normal" outdoor temperature (bacterior prone produce) was a factor of rural living.This round "tubular" tin has a indented lid which fits snugly into the top opening. The lid has a rolled out lip which ensures a degree of "air" tightness. The tin is pressed and folded together and has no synthetic inner cover to protect the egg preservative powder from the raw tin surface. This "raw" method was the typical application for all tins containing dry food stuffs in this period(mid 1900's) of goods manufacture. The outer tin surface has a tightly pressed laminated paper label with product and manufacturer's information (promotional, preservation "tips" and usage details - will preserve sixteen dozen eggs). On the "front" side "EGG PRESERVATIVE" underneath "OVO" ,underneath "REGISTERED" and in a double lined enclosed square "AWARDED TWO GOLD MEDALS" underneath is a sketch of a mixing dish containing fourteen visible eggs. The bottom label has within an oval boundary (white print on a blue background) "FOR HOUSEHOLD USE" underneath "OVO" and underneath "PRESERVES EGGS PERFECTLY WITHOUT MESS OR TROUBLE" On the opposite side of the tin is printed "VICKERY'S FIRST & ONLY ORIGINAL EGG PRESERVATIVE - in red print. Underneath this is a "round stamp" with the figurehead(royalty) and these encircling words" TASMANIAN INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION" with a scrolled "GOLD MEDAL HOBART 1895" with another medal like "medallion" showing another female face with a "warrior" headdress and these encircling words "HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE". Below this within a scrollis printed "GOLD MEDAL BALLARAT 1896" underneath this is printed "MANUFACTURED BY OVO PROPRIETARY LIMITED BALLARAT"egg preservation, rural food storage, kitchen preservation facilities

This DVD of the development of the Tawonga and Mount Beauty General Hospital covers the time period 1949 to 1996. It was a period of intense evolution of both the expansion in population and the increase in the medical facilities provided by a once slightly remote rural hospital to that of one of a regional and alpine advanced hospital. The population expansion of the region during this period was due to the greater growth of local (Kiewa Hydro Scheme) and tourism population provided the need of advancement in the modus operandi of hospital treatments.This DVD details the medical evolution in rural areas and the greater availability of medical professionals to rural areas. The relative isolation of the Kiewa Valley before transport and communications were greatly advanced in the mid to late 1900's resulted in not only increases in population but also the tourism trade. These two important factors required the degree of professionalism for the hospital and with an increasing aged population the diversity into aged care.This DVD has a coloured photograph of the Tawonga District Hospital as a background drop. Printed in black on the front 'An Historical Record / Tawonga District General Hospital / 1949 - 1996.'On the DVD label "An Historical record" below this "Tawonga District General Hospital" below this "1946-1996"hospital dvd, tawonga, mount beauty hospital, specialised treatments

This childhood sketchbook of the 1918 era details the emphasis placed upon a skill of brushwork that portrayed part of the students natural environment both in Tasmanian schools and Victorian schools, especially rural schools. The close bondage between students and their environment was a reflection on the early "hands on" approach in child education. Abstract art or teaching aids which could not be identified with physical properties available to students at this period in time were of lesser value. The ability of the student to identify the artistic value of local nature eg. local plants and flowers was especial important to rural based school children who had limited excursion opportunities available to visit town/city based botanical gardens and museums. This brushwork book is very significant to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates that childhood relocations from one State to another were not detrimental to the students overall scholastic development. The rural environment in Tasmania was not that far removed from the rural environment of the Kiewa Valley. The skills taught in both regions were still the same and the socio-economic factors and mores were also similar. This item demonstrates the relocation of one family from Tasmania to the Kiewa Valley. The expansion in population into the Kiewa valley was quite erratic and significant population growth only came after the increase in population brought into the area by the SEC Vic Hydro Scheme introduced to quench the demand for Victoria's electricity.This book has a brown cover with black print and designs on a 150 gsm cardboard. Each page is of the same thickness as the cover but is of paper.On the outside cover and contained within a thick boarder. "EDUCATION DEPARTMENT" and below this in smaller print "TASMANIA" below this "THE TASMANIAN BRUSHWORK BOOK". Below this "FOR CLASSES IV., V., AND VI" Below this "NAME" SCHOOL" At the bottom 2 1/2d1918's educational sketchbook, 1918 children's sketchbook

This general purpose Multi-meter was manufactured after 1950 and used by the SEC Vic (Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme) from that date until late 1900's. It was used to measure very small voltages associated with the operation of the various Hydro Generators. The readings were able to be shown by the resistor in use in the current circuit. During this time period, high quality testing instruments were either sourced from Europe or England. This particular meter was manufactured in the Netherlands. This type of "old" analogue meter was replaced by digital meters whose electronic components are a fraction of the size of the older analogue ones.This analog General Purpose multi-meter is quite a large (for handheld mobile) apparatus which permits the easy monitoring of electrical variations within the large SEC Victoria Hydro Scheme's electrical generators. These generators are powered by the hydro force of "stored" water at a higher altitude. The establishment of both the NSW and Victorian Hydro schemes was achieved from the mid 1900's to the 1960's. At this point in time the need for additional power sources to quench both an industrial and domestic demand for electricity was purely an economic and not and environmental (carbon reduction) factor. This hydro scheme was instigated by "the Government of the day" as a bold move and was the major force of the World War II refugee and "technical" workforce inclusion of skilled and unskilled migration into the Australian environment. Although this mass "invasion" of workers with families was thought of in some circles as intrusive, the expansion of population post war years and its integration into the Australian rural sector, produced the multi- lingual multi-cultural diversity of later years.This General Purpose Multimeter is an analogue meter i.e. it has a needle arm that moves across a scale of divisions. This is a large(hand held) device due to the mechanical movement system within and the large size of its electronic components of its circuitry.There are two black bake-lite push buttons operating the wire inserts Positive/negative leads at the top. The meter (protected with a glass window) has clearly marked graduations (top - volts, bottom amperes). Below this are two bake-lite dials (left "potentiometer the right one measuring range selector). Below this is a "dial" switch to input the desired resistance measuring range "V" Front "H&B ELIMA" and to the right Elavi 15n. 0n the front side is a label "STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA TRANSMISSION DEPT E.C.No." On the bottom of the base is a stenciled layout of the battery "layout" including the fuse . The information notice is presented in five languages starting with German, English,French, Italian, Spanish and Dutchsec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth

This leather case holder for a general purpose Multi-meter( KVHS 0307 (A)) was manufactured after 1950 and used by the SEC Vic (Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme) from that date until late 1900's. It was used to measure very small voltages associated with the operation of the various Hydro Generators. The readings were able to be shown by the resistor in use in the current circuit. During this time period, high quality testing instruments were either sourced from Europe or England. This particular carry case was manufactured in the Netherlands. This carry case for an analog General Purpose multi-meter which is quite a large (for a handheld mobile) apparatus.The bag however permits the easy monitoring of electrical variations within the large SEC Victoria Hydro Scheme's electrical generators. These generators are powered by the hydro force of "stored" water at a higher altitude. The establishment of both the NSW and Victorian Hydro schemes was achieved from the mid 1900's to the 1960's. At this point in time the need for additional power sources to quench both an industrial and domestic demand for electricity was purely an economic and not and environmental (carbon reduction) factor. This hydro scheme was instigated by "the Government of the day" as a bold move and was the major force of the World War II refugee and "technical" workforce inclusion of skilled and unskilled migration into the Australian environment. Although this mass "invasion" of workers with families was thought of in some circles as intrusive, the expansion of population post war years and its integration into the Australian rural sector, produced the multi- lingual multi-cultural diversity of later years.This leather case is to provide protection for this mobile G.P. Multimeter, therefore it is made from thick leather. It has a carrying strap from a thick "D" chromed link. This link is fastened to the main cover by a looped leather strip with a black coloured rivet. All the fasteners are either chrome or black coloured rivets. The front, which when opened back exposes fully the inside of the case. It is clip fastened to the lower section of the front piece which also can be pushed back allowing the meter to be removed from the frontal position. There is a strip retaining strap slightly higher from the mid point. This is fasted by a black press stud. There are two "L" shaped tin protrusions allowing the meter to slide only down the case until it rests on these shelves. This provides for an empty space for minimal storage,.On the front bottom and below the clasp is a tag "STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA TRANSMISSION DEPT."sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth

This tuyere (word from French origin) was used by professional blacksmiths and or cattlemen before and during the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme was being constructed. The need to use a furnace or forge in the shaping of metal rods, horse shoes and pipes is both a rural necessity and a construction, on site requirement. The "inventiveness" of cattlemen and construction workers to produce metal objects not available "off the shelf" is one of the inherent traits not only of rural self sufficiency but in the "pioneer" days of rural isolation one of survival.This tuyere is of great significance to the Kiewa Valley and its regions because it highlights one of the greatest strengths of the rural (especially isolated) life and its folk living there, and that is the great human factor of adaptability and survival techniques in sometimes harsh and demanding environmental circumstances. The inventiveness and the attitude, "she'll be right mate", demonstrates life on the land where specialised blacksmith activities can be found in non "professionals" because of the fact that "someone" has to do the job. This is one of the differences between country "rural" life and that found in cities and larger towns.This iron cone shaped tuyere has a small hole (diamenter 25mm) starting within an ever enlarging cone (amplification of the air pressure going through) delivering varying hot or extremely hot air into a furnace or hearth which intensifies the heat to allow the "shaping" of metal objects. The larger "flared" cone extension allows for the directed air to be spread and not concentrated.blacksmith tool, tue, bellows, fashioning metal, forge manufacturing process

This church collection bag is quite unique in that it has three grip handles, not the usual two. Why three. It may represent the holy trinity of, the father,the son and the holy spirit. Historically this might be used to reinforce the holy trinity belief which at the time of this item's construction was under threat. The threat came from splinter Christian sects such as the Church Of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints which have a Godhead of a council of three deities and there are other christian religions of only one deity covering the father,the son and the holy spirit.This collection bag for offerings, was the main method available towards the upkeep of the church and its parish during this era. Broadcasting of religious services was not as prolific as in the late 1900s and into the 2000s. It was a time when visualisation of the support of religion(especially in rural ares) was an important social factor. The God "fearing" beliefs within society of this period, provided the strong moral fabric which permitted settlements that did not have a strong law enforcement section to prosper and develop without fear or "favour". The collection bag was, and is still, a physical endorsement of support towards the church and what it stands for. This was a time when it was a social requirement to be seen in the church building and supporting fellow parishioners. The ingrained Australian psyche of supporting anyone that needed help, was a result of this period.Church collection/donation bag. Simple construction of two round frames with three opposing handles nailed together to hold firm a small dark blue cloth pocket/bag. All fastened by nails to the handle/frame and the large pocket allows for a reasonable amount of coin or notes to be offered.religion, collection receptacles, christian offerings, church protocols

This item wasused before diesel, electric and battery drilling apparatus were used by farmers, and other trades requiring a portable yet reliable method of drilling holes. As this item is a 3/4 inch hole drill it would be suitable for fencing and providing holes for structural studs. As with all outdoor farm equipment, man power was required (be it the farmer or farm hands). Fitness of the operator was at a high standard but protective gloves were not highly thought of as it was before occupational, health and safety regulations became mandatory over all manual handling activities, be they on rural properties or town/city factories. This period was one where the male ego was at its pinnacle i.e. the harder the tasks the more of a man was required. Hard manual work was not only the "way to go" but also a necessity. Evolution of cheap portable electric/battery powered tools opened up a more efficient method available, especially to those with less muscle strength. This item personifies the rugged environment of the rural workplace. The Kiewa Valley with its main emphasis on farming and grazing provided ample opportunity to use this construction implement. The manufacturer being a Scottish tool company is very significant in the era when this hole maker was in high demand. British steel products were of high grade and had a good record of reliability. The reliability of any tool was a solid factor for farmers and tradesmen in this semi-isolated region (Circa early 1900s) within the Kiewa Valley and its regional area. This factor,although not as crucial, post 1960s, when Asian manufacturers entered the market place and produced cheaper tools and transportation and supplies was more frequent and reliable, the need for the more expensive British made tools diminished considerably. After the influx of tradesmen from war torn Europe (post 1945) and the increased availability of tradesmen in the Kiewa Valley and its region the price of tools was and still is not as crucial and the cost of all required tools has become a minimal part of the equation. It is only with the emerging younger trades person, farmer and grazier, who have more, "one eye on production costs" and no "old ties to the motherland" inert mind set that quality tools such as this auger and other hand tools "must be made to last a life time" is no longer part of the modern work environment.This cast iron, hand operated Auger has a short barrel shaped cylinder at one end (known as the "Eye") and at the other end a Helical screw blade (screws the cutting edge into wooden material, thereby creating a hole 3/4 inch diameter in the wood) . The barrel section at the top permits a metal or wooden leverage plank to be inserted. The main rod has a 180mm long cutting/screw blade running from the bottom up towards the "eye" end. From the end of the screw blade to the handle is 380mm and cylindrical, but this changes at 550mm from the "eye" end to a 14mm x 10mm rectangular shape shaft.This shaft end is welded to the "Eye".On the shaft below the "eye" is stamped " MATHESON GLASGOW" on the front side and a spade (cards) symbol on the back.auger, hand drill, fencing, tool, rural trades, brace & bit

This item was before diesel, electric and battery drilling apparatus were used by farmers, and other trades requiring a portable yet reliable method of drilling holes. As this item is a 3/4 inch hole drill it would be suitable for fencing and providing holes for structural studs. As with all outdoor farm equipment, man power was required (be it the farmer or farm hands). Fitness of the operator was at a high standard but protective gloves were not highly thought of as it was before occupational, health and safety regulations became mandatory over all manual handling activities, be they on rural properties or town/city factories. This period was one where the male ego was at its pinnacle i.e. the harder the tasks the more of a man was required. Hard manual work was not only the "way to go" but also a necessity. Evolution of cheap portable electric/battery powered tools opened up a more efficient method available, especially to those with less muscle strength.This item personifies the rugged environment of the rural workplace. The Kiewa Valley with its main emphasis on farming and grazing provided ample opportunity to use this construction implement. The manufacturer being a Scottish tool company is very significant in the era when this hole maker was in high demand. British steel products were of high grade and had a good record of reliability. The reliability of any tool was a solid factor for farmers and tradesmen in this semi-isolated region (Circa early 1900s) of the Kiewa Valley and its regional area. This factor,although not as crucial, post 1960s, when Asian manufacturers entered the market place and produced cheaper tools and transportation and supplies was more frequent and reliable, the need for the more expensive British made tools diminished considerably. After the influx of tradesmen from war torn Europe (post 1945) and the increased availability of tradesmen in the Kiewa Valley and its region the price of tools is not as crucial and the cost of all required tools has become a minimal part of the equation. It is only with the emerging younger trades person, farmer and grazier, who have more, "one eye on production costs" and no "old ties to the motherland" inert mind set that quality tools such as this auger and other hand tools "must be made to last a life time" is no longer part of the modern work environment.This cast iron hand operated drill, has a short barrel-shaped cylinder, known as "the eye" welded across the main rod and is 30mm in circumference. It also has a hole drilled to allow a screw to be fastened onto the hand stock ( not available).The main rod is solid for 400mm and then has been flattened and coiled (Helical screw blade) for another 200mm. At the end of the larger screw blade there is a smaller gauged starter blade with a pointer thread 15mm long. This Auger produces a 1/8th inch hole (metric measurement not used at time of manufacture) See KVHS 0469 for 3/4 inch hole and KVHS 0471 for another 1/8th inch hole.A number 5 stamped on the flat sideauger, hand drill, fencing, tool, rural trades, brace & bit

This item was before diesel, electric and battery drilling apparatus were used by farmers, and other trades requiring a portable yet reliable method of drilling holes. As this item is a 3/4 inch hole drill it would be suitable for fencing and providing holes for structural studs. As with all outdoor farm equipment, man power was required (be it the farmer or farm hands). Fitness of the operator was at a high standard but protective gloves were not highly thought of as it was before occupational, health and safety regulations became mandatory over all manual handling activities, be they on rural properties or town/city factories. This period was one where the male ego was at its pinnacle i.e. the harder the tasks the more of a man was required. Hard manual work was not only the "way to go" but also a necessity. Evolution of cheap portable electric/battery powered tools opened up a more efficient method available, especially to those with less muscle strength.This item personifies the rugged environment of the rural workplace. The Kiewa Valley with its main emphasis on farming and grazing provided ample opportunity to use this construction implement. The manufacturer being a Scottish tool company is very significant in the era when this hole maker was in high demand. British steel products were of high grade and had a good record of reliability. The reliability of any tool was a solid factor for farmers and tradesmen in this semi-isolated region (Circa early 1900s) of the Kiewa Valley and its regional area. This factor,although not as crucial, post 1960s, when Asian manufacturers entered the market place and produced cheaper tools and transportation and supplies was more frequent and reliable, the need for the more expensive British made tools diminished considerably. After the influx of tradesmen from war torn Europe (post 1945) and the increased availability of tradesmen in the Kiewa Valley and its region the price of tools is not as crucial and the cost of all required tools has become a minimal part of the equation. It is only with the emerging younger trades person, farmer and grazier, who have more, "one eye on production costs" and no "old ties to the motherland" inert mind set that quality tools such as this auger and other hand tools "must be made to last a life time" is no longer part of the modern work environment.This cast iron hand operated drill, has a short barrel-shaped cylinder, known as "the eye" welded across the main rod and is 30mm in circumference. It also has a hole drilled to allow a screw to be fastened onto the hand stock ( not available).The main rod is solid for 400mm and then has been flattened and coiled (Helical screw blade) for another 200mm. At the end of the larger screw blade there is a smaller gauged starter blade with a pointer thread 15mm long. This Auger produces a 1/8th inch hole (metric measurement not used at time of manufacture) See KVHS 0469 for 3/4 inch hole and KVHS 0470 for another 1/8th inch hole.auger, hand drill, fencing, tool, rural trades, brace & bit

The Olivetti company was founded in Italy in 1908.This particular typewriter is a Olivetti Lettera 22, oblique front stroke and portable manufactured after 1950. The 1950s and 1960s was a time when British manufactured goods were still purchased by many Australian consumers. The later 1960s onwards, there was a shift, mainly in the cities, to European made goods. The invasion of Japanese manufactured goods was relatively slower, especially in rural areas. The demand for long lasted and dependable merchandise was in the rural area still the most important criteria. The ease of setting up this typewriter and its compact mobility was its major benefit to trades people and travelling professionals, e.g. rural doctors, other medical professionals, accountants, lawyers and educators. This item facilitated the growing numbers of professional nomads requiring a relatively light office stationery package e.g. travelling novelist, writer, businessman and academics. This typewriter needed no electrical or battery power to operate it. Outback Australia, where at this point in time, was still relatively isolated from a good available electrical power reticulation and battery power, and therefore could not be totally measured as a highly efficient office environment.Although this typewriter was purchased from a business in Penrith, Sydney, N.S.W., it is significant that it travelled easily to the Kiewa Valley, demonstrating the mobility of certain sections of the community. This typewriter was designed by an Italian industrial designer, Marcello Nizzoli, in line with the art deco style of the 1930s and the colour and flexibility of the vibrant 1950s. The underlying theme of manufacturing in the 1950s was to produce equipment that was more efficient than what was inherited from the earlier period of 20th century. Improvements were made to this Olivetti typewriter by Giuseppe Beccio by reducing the number of parts made from 3,000 to 2,000. This reduction of parts and therefore cost of production was the major principle of the Japanese manufacturing juggernauts of the post World War II era. Efficiency and low costs material was becoming prime factors in the success of rural industries from the 1960s. Competition from overseas producers was starting to affect rural industries and the removal of the large range of tariff protection, especially rural products, required not only a shift of farm management but a more efficient cost savings modus operandi. This Olivetti Lettera 22, oblique front stroke portable (weighs 4kg) mechanical typewriter has a coral coloured plastic casing. The keys are made of black hardened plastic with white lettering, numbers and symbols (imperial fractions, and pound). It has a QWERTY keyboard as opposed to the Italian QZERTY. It has a lever to move the ribbon between black, neutral (for mimeograph stencils)and red colours (a red key is provided for highlighting specific words,letters or symbols) . This machine is fitted with only a black ribbon. It has a black rubber paper rollers and chromed metal parts on the carriage way. It has four rubber feet underneath the main body. On the left side of the roller there is a lever to adjust the roller from fixed (when mobile) through 1,2 and 3 line space gradients. This model has a key for zero but not one for the number one (uppercase letter l is used) see KVHS 0459 for the carrying bag.On the cover over the ribbon wheels letter strikers has a plate marked "Lettera 22" and the back plate behind the paper roller and in front of the paper supports has a silver metal label marked "olivetti made in great britain".commercial, mobile office equipment, mechanical typewriter

28 Paged talk at BHS March 2008 Details ????? Title/presenter Purpose of talk - 1. significant point in the history of Victoria and educational change; 2.Flora Hill as a microcosm of change and 3. the historiography of education via the process of writing a book about the school. Mention of: ''Great Fire'' at Flora Hill Primary School (one of the largest ever around Bendigo!);education, bendigo, state education system, flora hill state school. quarry hill. camp hill . long gully

Dull orange folder containing copies of letters, brochures, information sheets and some newspaper cuttings. Name on the front is Frank A. Stevenson 244 Hargreaves St Bendigo. Letters date from 1937 to 1942. Newspaper titles include: Prevention of Rust- Principle of the Scalebuoy, Scalebuoys in Cars, Tragic Death of Captain Hartley Abbott and the Obituary of Captain R.H.S.Abbott.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, frank a stevenson, mr bacon, amalgamated freezing co bendigo, g whalley, gunbower co-operative butter factory & trading coy ltd, mr wallace, j charlesworth, d v evershed, bendigo electronic co, walshes crown hotel, hunter bros, wybgones unit, 180 gold mining co, o'hallorans cyanide unit, crystal ice works, stevenson unit, bendigo council, central nell gwynne, nth deborugh g m co, deborugh g m c, deborugh consolidated, cohuna butter factory, geo ross, victorian producers' co-operative coy ltd, h abbott, ernest f o liddell, rothacker bros, motor spares ltd, leggo's buildings, t j jorgensen, mr robinson, stevenson bros, r h s abbott, d c house, the electrical factor in metabolism, w n abbott, the great boulder proprietary gold mines ltd, w o galletly, mr stronell, newport workshops, victorian railways, mr brownbill, mr james, the university of melbourne, j l osborne, n clarkson, sister mary gonzaga, st joseph's hospital, mater misericordiae hospital, mr herzog, sister m monica?, vacuum oil, j johns, h j grigg, w a walsh, market square, crown hotel, g e cole, transport & engineering in australia 16/12/1937, mr menderson, mr ross, sanitary age 8/2/1935, northern kiwanis clubs, harry a baxter, w h cunningham & hill ltd, link-belt co ltd, sir william crooks, royal zoological society, ginna works germany, close brothers, w h taylor, geo taylor hardware co ltd, details of hydraulic spinner unit (scalebuoy), a davidson, john g kelly inc, hannon, myers wishart, kennedy, mr critten, pennsylvania rubber coy, paul a douden & co, w e humphrey, kansas city public service co, smith, tangney hotels, wahkonsa hotel, muscatine hotel, arlington hotel, burke hotel, helen tangney-springer, f w woolworth co, w w edan, ymca, n f alcock, b j ingram, scalebuoys, bendigo electronic company of australia proprietary limited, a s bloomfield, harry ponsonby mackenzie, arthur robinson & co, the commercial banking company of sydney ltd, a t madden, victorian railways, e c eyers, city of bendigo, frank h day, lane's motors pty ltd, h c holland, union oil soap & candle co ltd, knox home, n a duthie, w h mccorkindale, maungatapere co-op dairy co ltd, the whangarei co-op dairy co ltd, w h millingford, kettering cartons limited, j g arlidge, w e humphrey, kansas city public service company, h w smith, prospectus of scale buoy distributors limited, edwin gripper banks, richard hartley smith abbott, frank shaw fitchett, hayden smith & fitchett, the commercial bank of australia limited, william john stanley horsfall, frank cooper, scott's hotel, a j phillips, stringer & phillips proprietary ltd, e g banks, edwin gripper banks, reginald william stringer, frank cooper, claude gordon robinson, s reid

Reprint from the 'British Medical Journal' dated 11 March, 1944 Letters to the Editor, Page 373. Written by W. N. Abbott of Auckland. Refers to medical matters and Scalebuoys.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, british medical journal, dr beaumont, dr robertson, new zealand medical journal, medical research council of great britain, 'the electrical factor in metabolism', abbott, fowler, w n abbott, bendigo electronic coy, f a stevenson, cambridge press

Three page letter, dated January 5, 1947, to Dr. Abbott from Dr. Otto Wulfrath. In the letter Dr. Wulfrath mentions his circumstances after the War and the difficulty of avoiding misunderstandings with the different languages. He also mentions Dr. Abbott's brother. He also says he was willing to answer all questions within the limits of his possibilities and that he was prepared to co-operate in any scheme found to be convenient and useful to the cause.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, dr otto wulfrath, dr abbott, 'the electrical factor in metabolism', dr fairclough, sci

Heyfield Butter Factory Company was formed as a private company in 1890, and became a co-operative in 1891. About 1915 it established an electricity generation unit in the factory, which supplied the town until about 1924, when it was taken over by the State Electricity Commission. The company became part of South Eastern Milk Products in 1960, and Gippsland Consolidated Milk in 1971. In 1973 GCM became part of Murray Goulburn, and was closed in May 1973. This seal was used to stamp (and therefore authenticate) red paper seals on share scripts for the company, from c.1915 to 1960.Important historically as the ultimate authority for the identity of a company that was an important factor in the commercial life of Heyfield and the surrounding district for over eighty years. It has community significance as the ultimate legal authority for issuing shares in a large, locally controlled co-operative.A metal seal / stamp for the Heyfield Butter Factory and Electricity Supply Co. It consists of a short arm that pivots above two round dies.The whole is in black metal on a rectangular base, with remnant transfers.dairy factories, electricity supply

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, maps, p.580.non-fictionPeter FitzSimons, Australia's most beloved popular historian, focuses on one of the seminal moments in Australian history: the Battle of tobruk in 1941, in which more than 15 000 Australian troops - backed by British artillery - fought in excruciating desert heat through eight long months, against Adolf Hitler's formidable Afrika Korps. During the dark heart of World War II, when Hitler turned his attention to conquering North Africa, a distracted and far-fl ung Allied force could not give its all to the defence of Libya. So the job was left to the roughest, toughest bunch that could be mustered: the Australian Imperial Force. the AIF's defence of the harbour city of tobruk against the Afrika Korps' armoured division is not only the stuff of Australian legend, it is one of the great battles of all time, as against the might of General Rommel and his Panzers, the Australians relied on one factor in particular to give them the necessary strength against the enemy: mateship. Drawing on extensive source material - including diaries and letters, many never published before - this extraordinary book, written in Peter FitzSimons' highly readable style, is the definitive account of this remarkable chapter in Australia's historyworld war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – north africa, siege of tobruk

Index, notes, Bibliography, p.249non-fictionThis book identifies causal patterns in the outbreak of wars over the centuriesmilitary history -, conflict - causal factors