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Orbost & District Historical Society
black and white photograph, late 19th century - early 20th century
There are records of members of the Helmers family attending Bendoc State School. George Helmers was a prospector who mined all the gold from the dry gullies that ran into Bendoc. George was born in 1866, in Bombala, New South Wales, Australia. He was married to Euphemia Lock, born on October 19 1870, in Bendoc Upper, Victoria, Australia.This photograph is associated with early settlers of Bendoc, East Gippsland.A large black / white photograph of a man standing in front of a wooden cottage. there is a horse beside him, a woman standing on a verandah in the background and on the left is a clothes line with what seem to be nappies pegged out. There is also a copy of the original. on back - "George Helmers, Errinundra"helmers-george-bendoc -
Orbost & District Historical Society
black and white photograph, early 20th century
There are records of members of the Helmers family attending Bendoc State School. George Henry Helmers was a prospector who mined all the gold from the dry gullies that ran into Bendoc. George was born in 1866, in Bombala, New South Wales, Australia. He was married to Euphemia Lock, born on October 19 1870, in Bendoc Upper, Victoria, Australia.This photograph is associated with early settlers of Bendoc, East Gippsland.A black / white portrait photograph of a man in a suit, hat and tie. He has a large moustache. on back - "George Helmers"helmers-george-bonang -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Document - Folder, Parry, Robert
Robert Parry (1824-?) came to Melbourne from Wales in 1850, marrying Margaret Brett, a fellow passenger. He worked for James Donaldson at Kangaroo Ground, returning after success at gold mining. He began as a carter and settled near Healesville. Contents Photocopy: "The Upper Yarra District" page 413, biography of Robert Parry.Newspaper clippings, A4 photocopies, etcrobert parry, margaret parry nee brett, james donaldson, kangaroo ground, john hicks petty -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub Branch
Cap Badge
The origins of the Royal Australian Engineers date back to 15th November 1860 when the Corps of Engineers was founded in Victoria by Peter Scratchley. By 1876, five of the six colonies - New South Wales , Victoria ,Queensland ,Tasmania and Western Australia - had raised their own engineer units. The RAE is ranked fourth in seniority in the Corp of the Australian Army.Silver and Gold coloured hat badge showing outer laurel wreath surrounding gold St Edwards Crown with inner gold belt and ER in centre.The inner gold belt is inscribed Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense. (Meaning - in French -" Evil be to him who evil thinks." Below the wreath in gold are the words "Royal Australian Engineers." The centre has the gold " E R ". -
Unions Ballarat
Book - Famous Australians: Evatt Politics and Justice (D.J. Spiers Collection), Tennant, Kylie
Biography of HV Evatt who was a justice of the high court from 1930 to 1940, an ALP politician from 1940 to 1960, served in the Curtin and Chifley cabinets and was Chief Justice of New South Wales from 1960 to 1962. He fought against the anti-Communist legislation that was attempted by conservative parties. Part of "Famous Australians" series.Biographical and historical politics interest - labor movement.Book; paper.Front cover (dustjacket): author's name and title. btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, evatt hv, biography, australian labor party, alp, politicians, law - australia -
Ambulance Victoria Museum
Vehicle, motor, Ambulance, Ford 350 Series, 2005, 2005
The vehicle is a Ford F350 series, manufactured in 2005. It has a 6.5 litre V8 diesel supercharged engine. It was fitted out as an ambulance in Tamworth , New South Wales by Jacab and was one of many used in Regional Victoria in the early 2000's. This ambulance was stationed at the Heywood Branch in the west of Victoria for its entre service life until it was donated.Four-wheeled vehicle fitted out as an ambulance. Bodywork painted white with red logo and markings. Bumpers are chrome. Strip-lights mounted on roof above front windscreen. Registration number UDZ591ambulance, motor vehicle, ford, ford f350, jacab -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Print - Reproduction print, framed, AV Gregory, Ormus 1887
In 1883 The Orient Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., of London signed a contract with the Government of New South Wales, Australia to carry emigrants from the United Kingdom. The Company would be paid £15 per head for up to four hundred persons and £14 and 10 Shillings for numbers between four and six hundred persons per voyage.A reproduction print of a painting by AV Gregory of the vessel Ormus, 1887. The print is mounted under glass and framed in a dark brown timber frame.rms ormuz, reproduction print -
City of Greater Bendigo - Civic Collection
Functional object - Corporate Gift :: Magnifying Glass and Paper Knife, 1993
Based in the Wales county of Montgomery Shire, Edward and Maureen Ann Story Jones produced crafted silver plated on pewter giftware under the range name The Silver Scenes in 1984. Well made, high quality and durable they produced items from 1984 - 2005. These items were probably gifts from visiting council representatives. Desk set of magnifying glass (0447.1) and paper knife (0447.2) with ornate handle, both sides featuring grapes and vines motifs.Both pieces are signed by hand 'MASJ © 93' (?) at top of handle. Paper Knife has 'Silver Scenes' engraved on blade.city of greater bendigo corporate gift -
Greensborough Historical Society
Postage Stamps, Von Mueller collection 3, 1885o
Envelope fronts with stamps, addressed to Baron Ferdinand von Mueller. Upper image, 1 x 1penny yellow/brown Victoria Stamp Duty, postmarked at Melbourne on April 27, 1892. 2nd image, 1 x 2 pence blue, New South Wales Postage stamp; postmark illegible. 3rd image, 2 x 2 pence red, New South Wales Postage stamp; postmark illegible. 4th image, 1 x 1 penny green Victoria, postmarked at Melbourne on December 8, 1882. 5th image, 1 x 2 pence mauve Victoria, postmarked at Melbourne on October 15, 1898. Lower image, 7 x 1d mauve Great Britain Postage and Inland Revenue stamps, 1 x ½ penny Great Britain orange Postage and Revenue stamp. Postmarked at London on December 2, 1891. Baron Ferdinand von Mueller (1825-1896) was born in Germany and migrated to Australia in 1847.He was the Victorian Government Botanist (from 1853) and Director of the Botanical Gardens (1857-1873). These envelopes and stamps are from correspondence addressed to him.Front of 6 envelopes with address and postage stamps, enclosed in black stamp folder.ferdinand von mueller, postage stamps -
Orbost & District Historical Society
magazines, Atlas Press Pty Ltd, East Gippsland & Railway Extension, 10 September 1908
Orbost and East Gippsland Railway League had proposed a railway extension through East Gippsland in 1908, which aimed to develop an isolated part of the country. At the time, construction of a railway could be considered a beneficial investment for the country as it could increase the population in the region. The proposed railway length in 1908 was about 140 miles and the cost was estimated £800,000. The line was proposed to proceed from Bairnsdale by way of the Lower Nicholson to Bruthen. “After crossing the Tambo River, it would be carried to near Nowa Nowa; the head of Lake Tyers, forward to Orbost. From Orbost it would proceed in a north-easterly way to the New South Wales border. There were different suggested routes between Orbost and the New South Wales border, the first was through Bendoc, another by the Cann River and another which is located between these two. This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. Two small magazines showing the railway extension through East Gippsland. 678.1 has a dark maroon cover with gold print writing. It contains b/w photographs. 678.2 has a red cover with black print writing. Both are bound. 678.1 - inside front cover - M. Beattie ???????? Newmerella 678.2 - inside front cover - Gordon Fisher Orbosteast-gippsland-railway-league railway -
8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regimental Collection
Photograph - Parading guidons
The 1959 regimental camp was based on Beersheba Barracks Wangatarra and included wide ranging patrols in Ferret Scout Cars throughout north east Victoria. A regimental parade was held at the close of the camp and the regimental guidons paraded. This was the last camp before the National Service Scheme (1951-59) was abandoned. The 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles was raised as a regiment of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps on 1 May 1948 with Headquarters in Melbourne and squadrons in Sale, Benalla/Wangaratta and Albury. In 1955 Regimental Headquarters moved to Wangaratta and a second squadron was located at Albury. The Sale squadron transferred to 4th/19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse. In 1977 8/13 VMR Regiment was reduced to an independent squadron A Squadron 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles and in 1991 was linked with 4th/19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse forming the VMR Squadron of that regiment.Large coloured mounted photograph of Parading the Guidons 8/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles annual Camp 1959. Pineboard mounted.Parading the Guidons 8/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Annual Camp 1959 Beersheba Barracksmilitary, vmr, ferret, wangaratta, guidon -
8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regimental Collection
Photograph
The 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles was raised as a regiment of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps on 1 May 1948 with Headquarters in Melbourne and squadrons in Sale, Benalla/Wangaratta and Albury. In 1955 Regimental Headquarters moved to Wangaratta and a second squadron was located at Albury. The Sale squadron transferred to 4th/19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse. In 1977 8/13 VMR Regiment was reduced to an independent squadron A Squadron 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles and in 1991 was linked with 4th/19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse forming the VMR Squadron of that regiment.Members of the Women’s Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) were posted to Army Reserve units in the 1980s and 1990s. They were rarely posted to Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) but were invaluable in the A1 Echelon driving fuel, ammunition, ration and water supply vehicles. Colour photograph of soldiers of ' A ' squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles on parade at Buna Barracks Albury 1986. Sergeant D. Reynolds ( WRAAC ) at left; Corporal B. Lewis at right. -
City of Kingston
Pamphlet - Meeting protocol, c. 1918
This pamphlet appears to be the wording for the initiation ceremony of a new member of the Sons of Temperance. The Sons of Temperance was founded in New York in 1842 and brought to New South Wales by the Baptist minister, Dr William Hobbs, a short time later. Division, or local branches, grew quickly so that in October 1864, a provisional Grand Division was formed with a commitment to spread the word on temperance throughout the country, and the advantages gained by joining a temperance benefit society. It was reported that by 1869, in New South Wales, there was a National Division, two Grand Divisions, and one hundred and seven Divisions, with a total membership of 5970. In 1868, members of the Church of Christ, Cheltenham, initiated a meeting to form a Division of the Sons of Temperance, which was subsequently called Star of Moorabbin Division, No 29. The meeting was held at the Cheltenham Temperance Hall on 30 September, with office bearers appointed and the larger membership acknowledged.Sitting in the back cover of the 1903 minute book of the Sons of Temperance, Star of Moorabbin Division, this pamphlet gives insight into the formal, ritualised manner of gatherings, particularly the initiation ceremony. The inclusion of 'Presiding Sister' in the script suggests this was created after 1918, when the movement officially accepted women into its ranks. However, it was placed within a minute that was discontinued in October 1917. Heavy card with black printed text, surrounded by border in a sort of chain link pattern. -
Bendigo Military Museum
Accessory - TRAINING MANUAL, Flight Engineer's Notes for 'Lancaster' Aircraft, 5.1943
Contains detailed diagrams of the Lancaster Bomber. Item re Frederick Gardner DAVEY DFC No 410533 RAAF. Refer Reg No 3536P for his service details.Maroon, soft card, cover. Pages bound & glued to cover. Title on front in light blue type, pages not numbered. 11 foldout black / white diagrams attached after the final printed page.Handwritten in black ink on left of front cover: PHILLIPS On title page details of the holder in black ink: K.T. COOPER 132023. HUT AY, No 2 (T) WING, R.A.F. ST ATHAN, GLAMORGAN, S WALES. 78. 4.6.643 Opposite List of Contents page handwritten directives for use under the heading AMENDMENTS. lancaster, flight enginners, manuals, -
Warrnambool RSL Sub Branch
DIARY & LETTERS, from July 1915 to July 1919. TRANSCRIBED by Walter J R Barber). Bob's diaries and letters are mostly typed. Some letters were hand-written, in ink or pencil, on letter-headed paper. Page1 of Bob's original diary. 3 sample letter-heads
This collection of Bob Snape's diary and letters was transcribed because of the large body of material. 55 numbered letters (out of some 160 plus) survive. Many letters were typed. As a clerk in HQ, Bob had constant access to a type-writer, and sometimes said to his family that typing was much more efficient for him than writing by hand. There are many letters in hand-writing, some in ink , others in pencil. Some letters are on letter-headed paper, eg: YMCA, TSS (HMAT) 'Demosthenes', hotels, family in Wales.snape collection -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. LIFE OF THE SELECTORS, c1860
Diggers & Mining. Life Of The Selectors. Shows picture of 2 men showing large map of New South Wales marked with the new proposed divisions of NSW; West, Central and Eastern. Division between Eastern and Central run up between what may have been the major towns of NSW at the time. Leaving the Western district as pastoral for Homestead Squatters. Markings; Life Of The Selectors 1860 - 1890 Set 432 No. 15. The New Drop-Scene - ''Sydney Bulletin,'' November 10, 1883. Used as a teaching aid.Visual Education Centreeducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - PORTRAIT OF A LADY
Small head and shoulder portrait of a lady. The portrait is very pale. She is wearing a dark dress with a wide lacy collar and a brooch at the neckline. She is wearing a lacy type of hat. Photo mounted on cream card with rounded corners and black printing on the front and back. The back has a Coat of Arms and printing: - By Special Appointment. Photographer to His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and patronized by H. R. H. The Prince of Wales and H. R. H. the Duke of Cambridge. Date printed on the back is 1887.J. T. Haden, 255 Broad Street, Birminghamphotograph, portrait, female, portrait of a lady, j t haden -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - AILEEN AND JOHN ELLISON COLLECTION: SIXTEEN EXPLORERS OF AUSTRALIA
Small booklet: Sixteen Explorers of Australia. A portrait of Captain Cook on the front page. It was published in March 1965 by the Bank of New South Wales. The booklet has 17 pages. Contents: Preface - Abel Tasman - James Cook - George Bass - Matthew Flinders - Gregory Blaxland - John Oxley - Phillip Parker King - Charles Sturt - Thomas Livingstone Mitchell - Edward John Eyre - Ludwig Leichardt - Augustus Charles Gregory - Edmund Kennedy - Robert O'Hara Burke - John McDouall Stuart - John Forrest.books, biography, explorers of australia -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BASIL WATSON COLLECTION: 'THE ROSS SMITH FLIGHT FROM ENGLAND TO AUSTRALIA' - TRAVELOGUE PROMOTION, c. 1920
Booklet: 'The Ross Smith Flight from England to Australia' - 4 page Travelogue booklet promotion for the Lowell Thomas Travelogues series, Re flight from England to Australia. On cover ' Under the patronage of HRH The Prince of Wales, The Ross Smith Flight from England to Australia' Includes short story of the flight by Capt. Sir Ross Smith, KB, MC, DFC, AFC. , map of flight and photos of Ross and Keith Smith. List of pictures shown in the travelogue. Original signatures of Ross and Keith Smith on the front cover.person, individual, ross smith -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Madford, Wellington Street, circa 1965, c. 1965
This work forms part of the collection assembled by the historian Dorothy Rogers, that was donated to the Kew Historical Society by her son John Rogers in 2015. The manuscripts, photographs, maps, and documents were sourced by her from both family and local collections or produced as references for her print publications. Many were directly used by Rogers in writing ‘Lovely Old Homes of Kew’ (1961) and 'A History of Kew' (1973), or the numerous articles on local history that she produced for suburban newspapers. Most of the photographs in the collection include detailed annotations in her hand. The Rogers Collection provides a comprehensive insight into the working habits of a historian in the 1960s and 1970s. Together it forms the largest privately-donated collection within the archives of the Kew Historical Society.‘Elm Lodge’ had a frontage to Wellington Street and extended to Cotham Road. It was renamed ‘Madford’ in 1874, after its purchase by the pastoralist Arthur Septimus King, the grandson of Philip Gidley King, third Governor of New South Wales. The Alexandra Gardens were developed on the northern section of Madford after the sale of the land to the Borough of Kew in 1905. King’s house, and the remaining garden, was sold to the Catholic Church in 1920, and subsequently developed into ‘St Anthony’s Home for Babies’ in 1922. The organisation relocated to Footscray in 1975, and the building demolished."Madford (formerly Elm Lodge) in Wellington Street Kew during the period when it was St. Anthony's Home for babies (now demolished). From the 1860s it had been the home of the King family. Harold Septimus King was one of the notable residents of Kew."madford, elm lodge, wellington street (kew), dorothy rogers -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph - The Weir family of Broken Hill, Sykes Studio, c.1914
An item forming part of a collection of costumes, photographs and documents relating to the Weir family who lived in the mansion originally named Illapa, 84 Princess Street, Kew, from c.1917 to 1950. This historically significant collection includes items relating to both George Weir (1866-1937) and his wife Edith Mary Weir (1867-1948). George Weir attained national prominence in the mining industry, becoming General Manager of the North Broken Hill Silver Mining Company in 1903 (later renamed North Broken Hill Mining Company 1905-12, and North Broken Hill Ltd 1912-1988), and subsequently President of the Mine Owners Association. He was to remain General Manager of North Broken Hill Ltd until his retirement in 1926.Important group family photograph, taken in Broken Hill, of the two Weir parents and their children. Another aspect of the photograph is that it is revealing about fashion and the tastes of the period.Studio portrait of George and Edith Weir and their five children, taken by a photographer of the Sykes Studio in Broken Hill, New South Wales. The members of the family are from left to right: Cecil Rigby Weir (1904-1983), Edith Mary Weir (nee Betteridge) (1867-1948), Edith Rigby Weir (1899-1981), John Rigby Weir (1910-1971), George Weir (1866-1937), Horace Rigby Weir (1907-1988), and George Rigby Weir (1901-1927). [John Rigby Weir was the father of the donor]weir collection, george weir, horace rigby weir, george rigby weir, john rigby weir, edith rigby weir, edith mary weir (nee betteridge), sykes studio -- broken hill -
Federation University Art Collection
Sculpture - Artwork - Sculpture, "Gitji Woman' by Badger Bates
William Brian (Badger) BATES (1947- ) Born Wilcannia Barkantji Badger Bates is a Barkantji Elder, political activist and contemporary artist. Known primarily for printmaking, wood and stone carving, his work is intrinsically linked to his lifelong fight for the safety and health of the Barka (the Darling River).'Gitji Woman' is carved from a very old piece of log found at Wittabrinna Creek near Tibooburra, Western New South Wales. The tree was dead for 60-80 years, and was hollow inside. "I could see a figure in the wood so I folowed the shapes already three. The woman has a drawn out figure with long fingers and is coming out of the log, she is an ancestral spirit. I put the pink cockatoo and emu feathers in the leg in the way people used to decorate themselves for corroborees."badger bates, paakantyi, wilcannia, timber, aboriginal, barkantji -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Book, Captain James Cook, 1987
This book, written by John Hooker, contains the story of Captain Cook based on the screenplay by Peter Yeldham for the A.B.C. television production of the life of Captain James Cook. The voyages of Captain Cook are of prime importance in Australia’s history as his discoveries and positive reports of the east coast of Australia led eventually to Britain’s decision to establish a penal colony in New South Wales.This book is of significance because it was written by John Hooker, important in Warrnambool’s late 20th century history as a regular feature writer and columnist for the Warrnambool Standard newspaper. His articles, which raised moral, social and political issues from a local point of view, were widely read and admired by the residents of Warrnambool and district. Born in New Zealand, John Hooker came to Australia in 1963 and resided for a time at Killarney near Port Fairy. He was a publisher and later a full-time writer, publishing both newspaper articles and novels. This is a soft cover book of 258 pages. The cover is mainly red and blue and features on the front cover a colour photograph of Keith Michell, the actor portraying Captain Cook in the A.B.C. film production. The back cover has a summary of the life of Captain Cook and a small colour photograph of a film scene of Captain Cook with some Pacific Islanders. The book has a Prologue, three chapters and an Epiloguejohn hooker, captain james cook, history of australia, warrnambool history -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Undated
David Harris Prest (1931 - 2018) was brought up in Crystalbrook South Australia. He attended Prince Alfred College and was a resident at Lincoln Methodist College, taught in schools in South Australia, New South Wales and Cambridge United Kingdom before becoming head of Scotch College in Perth. He was Principal of Wesley College Melbourne 1972 - 1991. Head and shoulders photograph of David PrestPrest D.H.prest, david, wesley college -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Undated c.1970s
David Harris Prest (1931 - 2018) was brought up in Crystalbrook South Australia. He attended Prince Alfred College and was a resident at Lincoln Methodist College, taught in schools in South Australia, New South Wales and Cambridge United Kingdom before becoming head of Scotch College in Perth. He was Principal of Wesley College Melbourne 1972 - 1991. Head and shoulders photograph of David Prest c. 1970sPrest D.H.prest, david, wesley college -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Undated c.1970s
David Harris Prest (1931 - 2018) was brought up in Crystalbrook South Australia. He attended Prince Alfred College and was a resident at Lincoln Methodist College, taught in schools in South Australia, New South Wales and Cambridge United Kingdom before becoming head of Scotch College in Perth. He was Principal of Wesley College Melbourne 1972 - 1991. Head and shoulders photograph of David Prest c. 1970sPrest D.H.prest, david, wesley college -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, 1986
David Harris Prest (1931 - 2018) was brought up in Crystalbrook South Australia. He attended Prince Alfred College and was a resident at Lincoln Methodist College, taught in schools in South Australia, New South Wales and Cambridge United Kingdom before becoming head of Scotch College in Perth. He was Principal of Wesley College Melbourne 1972 - 1991. Waist length photograph of David Prest seated at a desk.Prest D.H.prest, david, wesley college -
Melbourne Athenaeum Archives
Theatre Program, From Strauss to Sondheim (musical) performed by the stars of Australian Opera at the Athenaeum Theatre, circa 1993
The event was organised to support soprano Joanna Cole as the Australian representative at the "Singer of the World" competition to be held in Cardiff, Wales in June 1993. Other performers were: Margaret Haggart; Kirsty Harms; Susanne Johnston; David Collins-White; Kerry Henderson; Greg Scott; Jonathon Welch and, Mark Skillington. The accompanist was David McNicol and compere Michael Easton.black and white program :good conditionfrom strauss to sondheim, australian opera, joanna cole, victoria state opera, athenaeum theatre, singer of the world competition -
National Wool Museum
Shears, 1900-1980
Shears belong to donor's father Maurice Dalton who was foreman of the show floor of the Dennys Lascekkes building until his retirement after 34 years at the building. Maurice used the shears in his work as a wool classer in rural Victoria and New South Wales. The shears are 14" N.1 Combination UTS hand shears made in Sheffield, England.A pair of metal blade shears. The blade is engraved with 'MADE IN ENGLAND / COMBINATION / U.T.S. / SHEFFIELD / N.1'. The ends of the two symmetrical grips loop around on themselves where they are riveted together to form a spring action.Mirrored. Lettering: MADE IN ENGLAND / COMBINATION / UTS / SHEFFIELD / N. 1 -
Melbourne Legacy
Postcard - Document, postcard
A postcard to the Comradeship Committee when a Legatee was travelling in NSW. The picture is totally black and says it is Tura Beach, Sapphire Coast New South Wales BY NIGHT. It is addressed to Mr Lin Kirk, Chairman, Comradeship at Melbourne Legacy. It is undated and signed Reverend Caffrey. It says: " Fabulous holiday. Terrific night life. Warm regards to all, especially the College of Cardinals."A record of a Legatee travelling and relating experiences back to his comrades in Melbourne.Colour postcard from NSW.Printed "Panoramic night shot from lookout." Australian 45c postage stamp. Handwritten text in black pen.comradeship, legatee