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Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Jar Stone Earthenware, circa early 1900s
This type of "stone" jar drinking container was used before glass and later plastic material made it "out of date" as a drink container. The qualities of the glazed pottery (stone) drinking containers made from this natural thermal insulation material was to contain the liquid to a prescribed temperature either hot or cold, as required. This was particularly important in rural environments that lacked adequate refrigeration means. The rural regions where the last areas in Australia where this type of drinking container remained in use. The late 1960's saw a revival of the basic rural ethos by the "hippie" culture of going to basic survival non "commercial" living.This particular stone jar drinking container was also a method of advertising for a Wodonga Stone masonry manufacturer. It is both relevant and significant to the Kiewa Valley because it highlights the type of industry that has breached the evolutionary trend for cheaper "throw away" drinking containers. Although this particular type of container is limited to quality liquids and it is still available in most rural sectors of the Australian "bush" environment.This stone/earthenware jar has a lip 250mm in length and 150mm thick. This lip will allow the thumb and forefinger to be used to grip the container for either pouring its contents out or securing it for any movement. The external glazed surface may become slippery when wet. The jar is heavy even when empty and would be too heavy for small children to carry. By using a cork seal the jar can be reused and therefore become more economical for the longer term. The thickness of the vessel provides a good insulation for the liquid contained. Most of this type of container would have contained ginger beer.Within two elliptical circles are painted (in freehand) "S. MASON" in the top half and "WODONGA" in the bottom half.These are separated by an asterisk on both sides. A large "S" overlaid by a similarly large "M" is within the inner circle. Stamped into the jar when still wet during manufacture is "PINNACLE BRAND" in 5mm lettering.drinking container, stone jar, ginger beer container, s. mason, wodonga earthen ware -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, early 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up to the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons) and produced. In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "clear" glass. There are other milk bottles that have a "green" tint in them.Around the bottom side of the bottle and blown into the glass "ONE PINT" and on the opposite side "MILK". Below these markings is "This BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLES RECOVERY LTD" below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. On the base of the bottle is molded a big "M". An identification mark of "90" over "9" is beneath the "M". glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles, milk, dairy, farms, kiewa valley -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid 1800's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) to the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons). In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the large volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co.Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36"This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "light green" coloured glass(a protection against sunlight penetration). There are other milk bottles that do not have a "green" tint in them. This thick glass bottle to contain milk required its thickness because of the extensive handling before final consumption. Milk was delivered by the "milk man" direct to the homes of consumers. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck.On the bottom end of this bottle a circle within it 6/33 and next to this "ONE PINT" and under this "THIS BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLE RECOVERY LTD" and below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION" on the base "M" underneath this "4"glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, circa mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up to the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons). In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co.Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" Found under house at 1 Beauty Ave., Mt Beauty.This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head was manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "light green" coloured glass(a protection against light penetration). There are other milk bottles that do not have a "green" tint in them. This thick glass bottle which contained milk required its thickness because of the extensive handling before final consumption. Milk was delivered by the "milk man" direct to the homes of consumers. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck.On the bottom end of this bottle a circle within it "6/18" and next to this "MILK" and opposite "ONE PINT". Below this "THIS BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLE RECOVERY LTD" and below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION" on the base "M" underneath this "3"glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) until the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons). In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co.Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" Found under house at 1 Beauty Ave., Mt Beauty.This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottle along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "light green" coloured glass(a protection against light penetration). There are other milk bottles that do not have a "green" tint in them. This thick glass bottle to contain milk required its thickness because of the extensive handling before final consumption. Milk was delivered by the "milk man" direct to the homes of consumers. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck.On the bottom end of this bottle a circle within it "6/36" and next to this "MILK" and opposite "ONE PINT". Below this "THIS BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLE RECOVERY LTD" and below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION" on the base "M" underneath this "15" glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up until the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons). In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co.Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" Found under the house at 1 Beauty Ave., Mt BeautyThis heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "light green" coloured glass(a protection against light penetration). There are other milk bottles that do not have a "green" tint in them. This thick glass bottle to contain milk required its thickness because of the extensive handling before final consumption. Milk was delivered by the "milk man" direct to the homes of consumers. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck.On the bottom end of this bottle a circle within it "6/18" and next to this "MILK" and opposite "ONE PINT". Below this "THIS BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLE RECOVERY LTD" and below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION" on the base "M" underneath this "4"glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded), until the time that cheaper containers were invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons). In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co.Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" Found under the house at 1 Beauty Ave., Mt BeautyThis heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "light green" coloured glass(a protection against light penetration). There are other milk bottles that do not have a "green" tint in them. This thick glass bottle, to contain milk, required its thickness because of the extensive handling (man and machine) before final consumption. Milk was delivered by the "milk man" direct to the homes of consumers. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck.On the bottom end of this bottle is a circle within it "6/35" and next to this "MILK" and opposite "ONE PINT". Below this "THIS BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLE RECOVERY LTD" and below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION" on the base "M" underneath this "20"milk, dairy, glass bottle -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up until the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons). In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co.Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" Found under the house at 1 Beauty Ave., Mt BeautyThis heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottle along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a half pint capacity and is made from "clear" glass. There are other milk bottles that have a "green" tint in them and this tint was to protect the contents from sun damage. This thick glass bottle to contain milk required its thickness because of the extensive handling before final consumption. Milk was delivered by the "milk man" direct to the homes of consumers. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck.On the top half of this bottle is "MILK" and opposite "HALF PINT". Below this "THIS BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLE RECOVERY LTD" and below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION" on the base is "2 M" underneath this "8/11" and underneath is "ISM -169"glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Ginger Beer, early to late 1900's
This glass ginger beer bottle was manufactured and used early to late 1900's, until the time that cheaper containers were invented(plastic bottles). This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the ginger beer processing plants from the brewing vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1990s the bottle slowly became phased out of production however boutique suppliers still preferred thick glass to contain any explosive action. Two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. were the main suppliers for the Victorian State. In the period when this bottle was manufactured and used the major ginger beer brewing plants for the whole of Victoria were located in Melbourne because this was where its greatest consumer base was there and most rural areas were supplied by domestic sources (mother brewing ginger beer for the children). The Kiewa Valley and its region was one rural area which until road invrastructure was enhance covered the ginger beer thirst by local family production. As the population expanded considerably in the late 1940's (SECV Hydro Scheme) with a greater demand for "soft" drinks" being established supplies from larger towns and cities were call for. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents were from a reputable supplier (H Taylor) and where it originated from. These bottles were recyled by the manufacturer as a way to cut production costs. This method of recycling the bottles back to the specific manufacturer has (except for South Australia)been overtaken by a no cost recycling collection by councils (funded by their communities). This method by passes the user cost principle as the bottles are processed as non generic. The uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic containers however did not provide the keen domestic brewer of the "beer" with a reusable bottle. This heavy gauged glass ginger beer bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the filling production line. The method of pouring ginger beer into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one and a half pint capacity and is made from "light green" coloured glass(a protection against light penetration). This thick glass bottle, to contain ginger beer, required its thickness because of the extensive handling (man and machine) before final consumption. During this period delivery to homes in cities and towns was made initially by horse and cart and later by truck. Ginger beer was a "soft drink" of great demand. On the middle portion of this bottle is a large elongated circle within it and following the spherical line is "H. TAYLOR" ans a star separates this from "MELBOURNE" rounding out the bottom curviture. Within these words are the large initials "T H" . The "T" superimposed onto the "H". On the base and covering the whole bottom is the letter "T". At the opposite side to the manufacturers logo is "THIS BOTTLE CANNOT BE SOLD OR USED BY ANY OTHER PERSON & IS NOT COMPLETE WITHOUT STOPPER" glass bottle, non alcoholic drink, taylor ginger beer bottle, reuseable bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, Circa mid to late 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up to the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons) and produced. In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" This particular one has "7/14".This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one Imperial pint capacity and is made from "clear" glass. There are other milk bottles that have a "green" tint in them. Around the bottom side of the bottle and blown into the glass "ONE IMPERIAL PINT". Below these markings and stenciled is "KIEWA" (in freehand style and underlined) underneath is "PASTEURISED FULL CREAM MILK" underneath this ,in freehand stiyle is "USE" next to this in block style "KIEWA BUTTER, CREAM, AND ICE CREAM MIX" to the left of this ,and barely readable is stenciled "THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS/ THE PROPERTY OF/ NORTH EASTERN DAIRY Co. Ltd". On the base of the bottle is molded a big "2". with a smaller "m". An identification mark of "7" over "14" is within a circled boundary. Below this is moulded "RM - 15". glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Ginger Beer, circa mid to late 1900's
This glass ginger beer bottle was manufactured and used early to late 1900's, until the time that cheaper containers were invented(plastic bottles). This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the ginger beer processing plants from the brewing vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1990s the bottle slowly became phased out of production however boutique suppliers still preferred thick glass to contain any explosive action. Two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Australian Glass Manufacturers and the Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. were the main suppliers for the Victorian State.In the period when this bottle was manufactured and used the major ginger beer brewing plants for the whole of Victoria were located in Melbourne because this was where its greatest consumer base was there and most rural areas were supplied by domestic sources (mother brewing ginger beer for the children). The Kiewa Valley and its region was one rural area which until road invrastructure was enhance covered the ginger beer thirst by local family production. As the population expanded considerably in the late 1940's (SECV Hydro Scheme) with a greater demand for "soft" drinks" being established supplies from larger towns and cities were call for. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents were from a reputable supplier (PHIBBS Bros) and where it originated from. These bottles were recycled by the manufacturer as a way to cut production costs. This method of recycling the bottles back to the specific manufacturer has (except for South Australia)been overtaken by a no cost recycling collection by councils (funded by their communities). This method by passes the user cost principle as the bottles are processed as non generic. The uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic containers however did not provide the keen domestic brewer of the "beer" with a reusable bottle.This heavy gauged glass bottle (Ginger Beer) has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the production line. The method of pouring ginger beer into the bottle has been part of the "production line" process of automation. This bottle has a capacity to hold 250ml of ginger beer and is made from "clear" glass. The marority of ginger beer bottles produced in this time frame where made with a "green" tint in them.This tinting helped reduce the sunlight effecting the contentsAround the bottom side of the bottle and blown into the glass is "THIS BOTTLE IS THE PROPERTY OF PHIBBS BROS, ALBURY" above this, in "running script" and sloping up from left to right is "Phibbs Bros" and underneath parallel to it "ALBURY". On the base of the bottle is molded a big "L 289" underneath this "M" and below this "AGM".ginger beer bottle, soft drink bottles, cordial bottles -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Ink Well Desk Set, circa mid to late 1900's
The "nib" pen was the preferred scribe method up until the "fountain" pen was produced (1940's), both could use specific inks that had longer life periods on paper surfaces. Ink wells such as those incorporated in this desk set allowed the user to select the colour and "type of ink" required. The nib pen was the only writing pen that could tolerate "Iron gall" ink. Legal documents were at the start of the mid 1980's required by law(in Australia) to be signed by "well" filled pens. The inks used were either "indian" or "iron/oak gall" because their infusion into paper could not be erased and they had a longer "paper" life and were harder to forge. Bottled ink was superior to that supplied in fountain pens or "biro pens" because the user's choice to a greater range of inks covered a variety of scenarios. Forging a nib signature is extremely hard compared to that of a "biro pen" because a nib settles in to the users particular style of pen movement and arm pressure.This desk writing set was typical of those used by administrators, businesses or quasi legal sectors within the Kiewa Valley, before the lifting of the ban on the use of biros "to sign" legal documents. Fountain pens were used extensively before cheaper biros (throw away) writing implements (1940's) came into the market place.This glass ink well desk set has two circular ink wells connected to their respective nib holders. The nib holders are smaller circular receptacles and feed off the larger ink reservoirs. Between the two larger ink wells is a shallow bottomed elongated "oval" sphere able to contain "slide on" clips, two pronged fasteners (require a hole to be punched in papers) or small "bulldog" clips. At the front edge is an elongated and grooved (two) place for writing nibs. The grooves keep each nib or fountain pen separated.The glass structure is made from clear glass and only the outside "boxed" walls of the desk set make contact with the desk surface. The ink wells can also securely accommodate small bottles of ink. This would have been the case for refillable fountain pens.stationery, fountain pens, nib pens, ink receptors, glass ink wells -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Cushion Pin, unknown, circa mid to late 1900's
This pin cushion was in use when home spun "fashion" clothing was manufactured or altered. When this item was used it was in a period when distances from haberdashery stores was too far and mail ordered clothing would take weeks to arrive.The ability to make and alter clothing for families within the Kiewa Valley and its regions was a domestic requirement up until the later period(1960's onwards)This pin cushion, although rarely used in the 21st Century, with the availability of "cheap" throw away clothes, was very important to a well run rural household. The emphasis for girls to be able to sew and repair clothing was generated by mothers and continued at high schools. Part of the role of women(in this time frame) within the family was to manufacture children's clothing and adjust the growing waistline of their men folk. This item is very significant to the rural households in the Kiewa Valley because of the relative isolation of the region and the amount of wear and tear that clothes go through in a typical rural environment.This pin cushion is "home" made, circular and covered in a blue floral material, encircled with a light blue ribbon (glued on) for extra adhesion. The material encloses a padded surface(allows pins to be safely inserted for storage(future use).sewing, pin-cushion, haberdashery -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bowl Ceramic, 1955 to 1962
This bowl was imported from "the mother" country (England) in the period when good table ware was either shipped from England or Europe. It was in the period before the American and Asian imports were sought (post World War II and the depression/recession years), when only the best quality kitchenware was preferred and the cheaper mass produced goods were not on the market. The maker's details on the bottom puts the manufacture time between 1955 to 1962.This item, used by one of the Kiewa Valley's oldest established families provides the historical provenance for the item and the period purchased within the time frame when change in the purchasing (in cities) practices from traditional sources, England and Europe was slowly evolving from these sources to cheaper USA and Asian producers. This change however was slower in rural sectors than the cities and larger rural towns. The "traditional" sources was ingrained into the mores of rural sections and changing economic ties with Asia and the USA connected to the greater influx of dinner wares and the cheaper produce. The "throw away" society mores , developed in the USA, after World War II, and transferred to Australia by new technology driven media outlets had a very effective outcome for the demise of quality products from the "mother" country.This buff coloured glazed ceramic bowl was manufactured by an official potter to Her Majesty Queen Victoria. It has a "patterned" top rim but no other details.On the outside bottom the makers seal "Est. 1792" and in a double lined scroll like frame "RIDGEWAY" underneath in smaller print "Made In England".ceramic bowls, kitchen crockery, domestic plates -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Booklet, Infantry Training Vol 2 Infantry Heavy Weapons Pam 25 Portable Flame Thrower M2A1-7 1967, 1967
A soft covered loose leaf, stapled, booklet for instructors on the weapon 7610-66-027-2817flame thrower, handbook -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Booklet, Alexander Bros, Infantry Training Vol 1 Infantry Platoon Weapons Pam No 13 The Ack Pack Flame Thrower 1952, 1952
Soft covered bookletWO Code No 8760 flame thrower, handbook -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Journal, Kewriosity : September 1986
Meet the Mayor [Cr Joe Ormando] / p1. Municipal election and poll results / p1. Dates for September / p2. [Community] Notices / p2&8. Commentary by the Mayor Councillor Joe Ormando - a challenging year ahead / Cr Joe Ormando p3. Kew Integration Project / Stacey DeJean-Apeitos & Judith Sammons p3. Join the celebration! ['Living together' video; Australia's Bicentennial] / p3. Profile: Cr Philip Barnes / p4. Good gardening / Peter Davies p4. [1987] Community Directory update / p4. Kew Community House [Third term at the Community House; Trash and treasure] / Rhonda McCaw p5. Kew Peace Project a success / p5. Keeping our children safe [Safety House Program] / p5. From the Traffic School to big time basketball [Bill Mildenhall; National Basketball League] / p6. Kew [Citizens] Band wins again / p6. Adult Education Programs [Hawthorn Community Education Centre] / p6. Women's Cricket in Kew / p7. Our talented kids [Kids Collection at Q Gallery; Kew East Primary School performance] / p7. Opportunities for helping families [Care-Force] / p7. International Aid only a stone's throw away [PLAN] / p7. Cricket Club invites members [Deepdene Uniting Cricket Club] / p8. Footy news [Kew Football Club] / p8. Kew Lions honoured [AJG (Bert) Stevens; NJ Lyall] / p8. Space wanted - rent free [Kew Christmas Card Shop] / p8. Keeping you informed [Citizens' Advice Bureau] / p8.Kewriosity was a local newsletter combining Kew Council and community news. It was published between November 1983 and June 1994, replacing an earlier Kewriosity [broad] Sheet (1979-84). In producing Kewriosity, Council aimed to provide a range of interesting and informative articles covering its deliberations and decision making, together with items of general interest and importance to the Kew community and information not generally available through daily media outlets.non-fictionMeet the Mayor [Cr Joe Ormando] / p1. Municipal election and poll results / p1. Dates for September / p2. [Community] Notices / p2&8. Commentary by the Mayor Councillor Joe Ormando - a challenging year ahead / Cr Joe Ormando p3. Kew Integration Project / Stacey DeJean-Apeitos & Judith Sammons p3. Join the celebration! ['Living together' video; Australia's Bicentennial] / p3. Profile: Cr Philip Barnes / p4. Good gardening / Peter Davies p4. [1987] Community Directory update / p4. Kew Community House [Third term at the Community House; Trash and treasure] / Rhonda McCaw p5. Kew Peace Project a success / p5. Keeping our children safe [Safety House Program] / p5. From the Traffic School to big time basketball [Bill Mildenhall; National Basketball League] / p6. Kew [Citizens] Band wins again / p6. Adult Education Programs [Hawthorn Community Education Centre] / p6. Women's Cricket in Kew / p7. Our talented kids [Kids Collection at Q Gallery; Kew East Primary School performance] / p7. Opportunities for helping families [Care-Force] / p7. International Aid only a stone's throw away [PLAN] / p7. Cricket Club invites members [Deepdene Uniting Cricket Club] / p8. Footy news [Kew Football Club] / p8. Kew Lions honoured [AJG (Bert) Stevens; NJ Lyall] / p8. Space wanted - rent free [Kew Christmas Card Shop] / p8. Keeping you informed [Citizens' Advice Bureau] / p8. publications -- city of kew (vic.), kewriosity, council newsletters, community newsletters -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Journal, Kewriosity : March 1986
Kew Festival looks bright! / p1. Dates for March / p2. [Community] Notices / p2&8. Update: Notes from Council - Commentary [Heritage] / Cr Phyllis Hore, Mayor of Kew p3. Traffic Management / p3. In Brief [The latest on restructure; Special Accommodation houses under review; New OT; Thank you; Numbers game; Heritage Study Grant; Kinder enrolments; Do you need a break from the kids?] / p4. Profile: Cr Wendy Smith / p4. Sheellah Mosley retires [Davis Street Kindergarten] / p5. A stone's throw from Kew [Fairfield] / p6. For history lovers [Local History Handbook] / p6. Kew/North Balwyn nursing mums / p6. The real Gladstone College [history] / p7. Kew Community House [Many hands make light work; It's 1st term at the Kew Community House; Photocopying for community groups; Open Day] / p7. Senior Citizens' Week: Program of events in Kew / p8.Kewriosity was a local newsletter combining Kew Council and community news. It was published between November 1983 and June 1994, replacing an earlier Kewriosity [broad] Sheet (1979-84). In producing Kewriosity, Council aimed to provide a range of interesting and informative articles covering its deliberations and decision making, together with items of general interest and importance to the Kew community and information not generally available through daily media outlets.non-fictionKew Festival looks bright! / p1. Dates for March / p2. [Community] Notices / p2&8. Update: Notes from Council - Commentary [Heritage] / Cr Phyllis Hore, Mayor of Kew p3. Traffic Management / p3. In Brief [The latest on restructure; Special Accommodation houses under review; New OT; Thank you; Numbers game; Heritage Study Grant; Kinder enrolments; Do you need a break from the kids?] / p4. Profile: Cr Wendy Smith / p4. Sheellah Mosley retires [Davis Street Kindergarten] / p5. A stone's throw from Kew [Fairfield] / p6. For history lovers [Local History Handbook] / p6. Kew/North Balwyn nursing mums / p6. The real Gladstone College [history] / p7. Kew Community House [Many hands make light work; It's 1st term at the Kew Community House; Photocopying for community groups; Open Day] / p7. Senior Citizens' Week: Program of events in Kew / p8. publications -- city of kew (vic.), kewriosity, council newsletters, community newsletters -
Yarrawonga and Mulwala Pioneer Museum
Indigenous Collection, Throwing Stick
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Koorie Heritage Trust
Book, Basedow, Herbert, The Australian Aboriginal, 1925
Contents: Introduction to an Australian Tribe; Racial characteristics; The breast and abdomen; The face and its skeleton; The mouth; The skull and brain; Colour of Aboriginal's skin; The hair; Likely origin of the Australian Aboriginal; An Aboriginal's Birth; Childhood; The Day's March; Camp life; Hunting; Vegetable Diet; Beverages; Pitjuri; Navigation; Duels; Warfare; Spears; Spear-Throwers; Burial and mourning customs; Tribal organizations; Tribal administration; Initiation; Religious ideas; Aboriginal art; Stone implements; Music and dance; Language.xx, 422 p., 55 leaves of plates : ill., map, ports. ; 22 cm.Contents: Introduction to an Australian Tribe; Racial characteristics; The breast and abdomen; The face and its skeleton; The mouth; The skull and brain; Colour of Aboriginal's skin; The hair; Likely origin of the Australian Aboriginal; An Aboriginal's Birth; Childhood; The Day's March; Camp life; Hunting; Vegetable Diet; Beverages; Pitjuri; Navigation; Duels; Warfare; Spears; Spear-Throwers; Burial and mourning customs; Tribal organizations; Tribal administration; Initiation; Religious ideas; Aboriginal art; Stone implements; Music and dance; Language.human biology -- physiology -- reproduction -- social organisation -- life cycle -- birth -- childhood -- religion and magic -- ritual -- initiation -- mortuary -- politics, tribal law and social control -- arts -- performing arts -- music -- dance -- language and communication -- economics and material culture -- economic life -- division of labour -- subsistence -- hunting -- gathering-- weapons -- spears -- spearthrowers -- tools -- stone -- -
Darebin Parklands Association
Ranger Peter Wiltshire throwing water plants into the wetlands, Darebin Parklands Association, 1993
This photograph is one of a series of 76 in folder P001 - taken at the opening of the observation tower.Colour photograph. Opening of the observation tower. -
Darebin Parklands Association
Throwing water plants into the wetlands, Darebin Parklands Association, 1993
This photograph is one of a series of 76 in folder P001 - taken at the opening of the observation tower.Colour photograph. Sue Course, Vin Heffernan and Rob Gell at the opening of the observation tower. -
Beechworth Honey Archive
Publication, If you want great skin... throw away your cosmetics (Bairstow, H. & Jefferies, J.), 2004
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Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Article, Why did I throw it out?, 1967
Newspaper article by Doris Mattingley on the occasion of 1st birthday of Nunawading Historical Society when members brought along their own personal treasures.local history, mattingley, doris -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Scott's final throw to glory, 2006
A gold medal for Scott Martin (discus) at the Commonwealth games, and Jason Smith won gold in the basketball final (photos).A gold medal for Scott Martin (discus) at the Commonwealth games, and Jason Smith won gold in the basketball final (photos).A gold medal for Scott Martin (discus) at the Commonwealth games, and Jason Smith won gold in the basketball final (photos).commonwealth games, martin, scott, smith. jason, athletics -
Orbost & District Historical Society
knife cleaner / sharpener, first half 20th century
Sharpening is done by grinding away material on this implement with an abrasive substance harder than the material of the tool to be sharpened. A sharpening wheel is an efficient way to sharpen blade edges.Mobile knife-sharpening services are no longer commonly used. In the disposable society of the 21st century we can throw away our blunt scissors, knives or tools and buy replacements.A cast iron knife or tool sharpening wheel attach to a wooden base. It has a wooden turning handle.A McMillan Federal Knife Cleanerknife-grinder -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Container - Bottle, 1850's - 1900
This bottle is sometimes referred to as a black glass 'Gallon' bottle. It is used for storing and transporting liquor such as port or madeira. Glass bottles and glass jars are in many households around the world. The first glass bottles were produced in south-east Asia around 100 B.C. and the Roman Empire around 1 AD. America's glass bottle and glass jar industry were born in the early 1600s when settlers in Jamestown built the first glass-melting furnace. The invention of the automatic glass bottle blowing machine in 1880 industrialized the process of making bottles. In 2019, plans were made to re-introduce milk glass bottle deliveries to Auckland in early 2020. The earliest bottles or vessels were made by ancient man. Ingredients were melted to make glass and then clay forms were dipped into the molten liquid. When the glass cooled off, the clay was chipped out of the inside leaving just the hollow glass vessel. This glass was very thin as the fire was not as hot as modern-day furnaces. The blowpipe was invented around 1 B.C. This allowed molten glass to be gathered at the end of the blowpipe and blown into the other end to create a hollow vessel. Eventually, the use of moulding was introduced, followed by the invention of the semi-automatic machine called the Press and Blow. In 1904 Michael Owens invented the automatic bottle machine. Before this time most glass bottles in England were hand blown. This is one of four bottles in Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum collection that were recovered by a local diver from the quarantine area just inside the Port Phillip Heads. Ships were required to pull into this area to check for diseases and other medical issues before they could head up to Melbourne. Quite often they would drink and throw the bottles overboard. Handmade glass bottle, manufactured in the 1850s. The bottle gives a snapshot into history and a social life that occurred during the early days of Melbourne's development and the sea trade that visited the port in those days. Bottle, glass, solid dark purple (black), round, matt surface. Glass ring below mouth, neck is slightly bulbous, body tapers slightly inward from shoulder to base. Base is concave with pontil mark. Bottle has no inscription. Generally used for storing port.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, handmade bottle, handmade english beer bottle, pontil bottle, black glass, gallon, purple bottle, ale bottle, porter bottle -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Tool - Line Firing Gun, manufactured by B.S.A. [Birmingham Small Arms Company], Birmingham Small Arms
A line firing rifle used in rescue training by the lifeboat Queenscliffe crew from 1926 to 1976.A rare representation of old life saving line throwing mechanisms in use up to the 1970s. Metal breech loading gun with wooden stock and rope canaster for attaching rescue line Trade Marks, B.S.A., [three rifles leaning together].lifeboat, rescue, line firing, queenscliffe, rifle, bsa, birmingham small arms company -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Tool - Shermuly Pistol Rocket Appratus Lifeboat model MarkII, The Shermuly Pistol Rocket Apperatus Ltd
Used is Lifeboat "Queenscliffe" from 1926 to 1976Early example of life saving line throwing mechanism used up to the 1970s.Metal firing mechanism and barrel with bakelite handleShermuly, Patent No. 503324, SPRA,1031 lifeboat, shermuly, rescue -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Peter Thompson et al, Operation Rimau : Australia's heroic and daring commando raid on Singapore, 2015
In the last months of 1944, a group of elite Australian and British commandos was selected for the biggest Allied behind-the-scenes operation of the Pacific War. Their mission: to devastate the enemy's shipping by destroying the Japanese ships at anchor in Singapore Harbour. Operation Rimau, Britain's last throw of the colonial dice in South-East Asia, was intended as a body blow to the Japanese and a signal to the world that she would reclaim her Eastern Empire. Britain was trying to reclaim past glory - while Australia's wartime prime minister, John Curtin, had turned to America. In this atmosphere, Operation Rimau was planned ... Operation Rimau takes us inside the fierce conflict, and tells what really happened to these brave commandos - from the very beginnings of the operation through to their intense and courageous fighting in the South China Seas, and its aftermath. It exposes the sloppy planning behind the raid, and names the officers who betrayed and abandoned them in their hour of need, and details the political double-dealing which for so many years hid the real story behind red tape and bureaucratic lies.Index, bibliography,ill, maps, p.310.non-fictionIn the last months of 1944, a group of elite Australian and British commandos was selected for the biggest Allied behind-the-scenes operation of the Pacific War. Their mission: to devastate the enemy's shipping by destroying the Japanese ships at anchor in Singapore Harbour. Operation Rimau, Britain's last throw of the colonial dice in South-East Asia, was intended as a body blow to the Japanese and a signal to the world that she would reclaim her Eastern Empire. Britain was trying to reclaim past glory - while Australia's wartime prime minister, John Curtin, had turned to America. In this atmosphere, Operation Rimau was planned ... Operation Rimau takes us inside the fierce conflict, and tells what really happened to these brave commandos - from the very beginnings of the operation through to their intense and courageous fighting in the South China Seas, and its aftermath. It exposes the sloppy planning behind the raid, and names the officers who betrayed and abandoned them in their hour of need, and details the political double-dealing which for so many years hid the real story behind red tape and bureaucratic lies.world war 1939-1945 - covert operations - australia, krait (ship)